中职汽车专业英语 2.2 How Engine Works
最新中职教材《汽车专业英语》教案：HowtoMaintaintheEngine英语
CHAPTER SEVENMAINTENANCE【课题】How to Maintain the Engine【教材版本】高等教育出版社，中职教材《汽车专业英语》.【教学目标】1．了解汽车发动机保养的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
2．掌握汽车发动机保养相关术语的英语表达方法。
3．能查阅与汽车保养知识有关的英文资料。
4．能借助字典翻译汽车保养维护方面的文章。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点：汽车保养维护等常用零件的英文名称。
教学难点：双重否定句翻译技巧【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第7章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】通过视频、声音、动画等素材，使学生掌握发动机保养的术语和英文表达。
增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）Poorly-maintained engineWell-maintained engineWhat do you think about engine maintaining?二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备mile里trouble-free无故障make the engine life shorter缩短发动机的寿命warm up fully充分预热prevent …from overheating 防止……过热译文及评析Nothing lasts forever and cars sooner or later start having problems. But while some cars may provide you with few hundred thousands miles of trouble-free driving, others start having problems from the beginning. Why there is such a huge difference? 没有什么东西能永远不坏，汽车也迟早要出现故障。
汽车专业英语课程整合案例
How Engine Works ─汽车专业英语课程整合案例(2010-10-12 22:28:40)转载标签：杂谈How Engine Works ─汽车专业英语课程整合案例课题：How Engine Works教学设计：张玉凤所属学科：英语适于年级：高中三年级（汽车维修与运用专业）[教材分析]How Engine Works是《汽车专业英语》第二章第二单元的课文。
本节课主要是阅读课，讲述了汽车发动机的四行程的工作原理。
[教学目标]1、知识目标：本节课要求学生认知汽车发动机是如何工作的。
主要的四个行程是什么。
使汽车能运动的主要原因是什么等等。
通过教学，整体把握课文内容，把握知识点的应用。
2、情感目标：虚心向国外的先进技术学习，愿将个人生命奉献给祖国汽车事业的崇高情怀；对学生进行热爱祖国、热爱科学的教育，培养学生的科学探究意识。
要有危机感和使命感。
3.能力目标：1)、学生应能应用计算机搜索自己需要的材料，让学生自主学习。
通过网上教学和学生网上冲浪，培养他们通过因特网获取知识的能力和分析问题、解决问题的能力。
认真学习，从而了解“Engine”的工作原理和工作过程.2)．学生根据自己对“Engine”感受，结合自己的特长，用自己最喜爱的方式（如：画画、写文章等）将自己对“Engine”的学习结果表达出来[教学重点、难点]重点：1．整体把握文章内容，通过演示掌握发动机的工作原理2．进行爱国主义、努力学习献身科学的德育渗透。
难点：汽车专业术语的掌握和应用[教学思路和教学软件设计]根据教材、教学对象分析和教学目标，采取以下的教学流程：情景导入→自主探究→网上交流→归纳小结→反馈评讲。
通过语言讲授和学生操作计算机，以讨论法、谈话法组织整个教学过程。
1．创设情境，采用情境教学法，使学生入情、入景、入境，激活兴趣，突破重难点。
采用计算机多媒体技术与教学的整合，运用视频、网页设置、营造意境，引导想象，激活学生思维；营造气氛：2．采用启发点拨式教学，充分调动学生积极性，真正意义上实现教师为主导、学生为主体。
最新中职教材《汽车专业英语》教案
Chapter Five History of Automobile 【课题】How about Auto Racing【教材版本】高等教育出版社，中职教材《汽车专业英语》.【教学目标】1．了解赛车运动的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
2．能了解汽车文化, 并能借助字典查阅英文资料。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点：赛车常用术语的英文名称。
教学难点：加深对汽车文化的理解。
【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第5章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】通过图片、视频等素材，使学生掌握赛车术语的英文表达。
增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1, and currently officially referred to as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备pit stop （赛场中的）修理站，加油站FIA(Federation International Automobile) 国际汽车联盟World Championship 世界锦标赛译文及评析Auto racing is a test of endurance for the vehicle and the driver. Cutting edge technology combined with exceptional skill in driving, backed up with an all-encompassing team spirit is probably the reason behind most of the successes in auto racing. Auto racing is a demanding, yet exhilarating sport. An auto racing team is made of five core elements: The ownership, The team manager, The driver, The support crew, The sponsors.赛车对汽车和车手来说都是一场耐力测试。
中职教材汽车专业英语(高教版 黄立新主编)教案
Chapter One History of Automobile【课题】How Automobile Develops【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.【教学目标】1．了解汽车的历史、汽车的典故和汽车的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
2．掌握汽车英语的习惯表达方法。
3．能查阅与汽车知识有关的英文资料。
4．能借助字典翻译汽车历史方面的文章。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点：汽车的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
教学难点：科技英语中专有名词的翻译【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第1章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】导入、示例、多媒体增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
教学中应交替使用教材、实物和动画。
【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）1886年，德国人卡尔•费里特立奇•本茨（Karl Friedrich Benz），将自己在1885年设计制造的汽油机安装在一辆三轮汽车上。
1886年1月29日获得世界上第一项汽车发明专利证书，所以被公认为汽车诞生日。
同一年，戴姆勒（Gottlied Daimler）也制成了世界上第一辆四轮汽车，后人将戴姆勒和本茨并称为“汽车之父”二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备a car powered by steam 以蒸汽为动力的汽车self-powered vehicle自身产生动力的汽车at an average speed平均时速gasoline engine汽油发动机auto conglomerate汽车集团a gas-powered quadricycle with no brakes一辆燃气动力、无制动装置的四轮车automaker汽车制造商Model T.“T”型车译文及评析In 1678, Ferdinand Verbiest built a working model of a car powered by steam. In 1769, Nicholas J. Cagnot built one of the first full-sized, self-powered vehicles that could travel about two miles per hour.1678年，弗迪南·沃比斯特（Ferdinand Verbiest）造了一个以蒸汽为动力的汽车的运转模型。
中职学校汽车专业英语4、发动机篇
作
业：
每个单词抄写2遍，中文含义抄写1遍
再 见
汽车专业英语第四讲
发 动 机 篇 Engine
一、发动机的分类
1、按照燃料不同可以分为：
汽油机 gasoline engine
柴油机 diesel engine
2、按照冷却方式可以分为： 水冷发动机 风冷发动机 water cooled engine air cooled engine
3、按照行程数目可以分为： 二冲程发动机 四冲程发动机 two stroke engine four stroke engine
进气门 intake valve
排气门 exhaust valve
配气相位 timing phase
气门座 valve seat
气门弹簧 valve spring
气门导管 valve guide
3、燃油供给系 fuel supply system
汽油 gasoline / petrol 柴油 diesel oil
4、冷却系 cooling system
水套 water jacket
水泵 water pump
散热器 radiator
散热风扇 Leabharlann an节温器 thermostat
防冻液 anti-freezing liquid
补偿水桶 compensation reservoir
大循环 big circulation
1、曲柄连杆机构
crank-connecting rod mechanism
活塞 piston
连 杆 connecting rod
曲轴 crankshaft
飞轮 flywheel
2、配气机构 valve timing mechanism
Unit 2汽车专业英语(发动机)
II. Text Explanation
Convert…..into…. ①转变；变换 That building has been converted into a school. 那座楼房改成学校了。 ②兑换 I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars. 我想把一些港元换成美元。 ③改变信仰、党派或意见等 She managed to convert him to her opinion. 她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。
Fuel supply system
Valve gear
III. Exercises
•Translate the following expressions into Chinese. 活塞 piston 曲轴 crankshaft 分电器 distributor 油底壳 sump 正时齿轮 timing gear crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism 曲柄连杆机构 配气机构 valve gear 燃油系统 fuel system 火花塞 Spark plug 排气歧管 exhaust manifold
Reading
In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion. 换句话说，活塞每完成一次冲程就会改变运动方向。
In other words
In other words, they remain relatively constant or static. 换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。 In other words, we have adhered to scientific socialism. 也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义
中职教材汽车专业英语(高教版 黄立新主编)教案：What Is Engine
Chapter Two Engine【课题】What Is Engine【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.【教学目标】1．了解汽车发动机构造的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
2．掌握汽车发动机相关术语的英语表达方法。
3．能查阅与汽车知识有关的英文资料。
4．能借助字典翻译汽车构造方面的文章。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点：曲柄、活塞等常用零件的英文名称。
发动机的基本原理的英语表达法。
教学难点：科技英语中长句翻译技巧【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第2章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】通过视频、声音、动画等素材，使学生掌握发动机的术语、原理的英文表达。
增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）The engine has hundreds of parts. The major parts of engine are engine block, engine heads, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and valves. The other parts are joined to make systems. These systems are the fuel system, intake system, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system, and exhaust system[1]. Each of these systems has a definite function. These systems will be discussed in detail later.发动机有数百个零件。
汽车专业英语课件 2汽车发动机
Part Ⅲ Reading Passage One Construction of Internal Combustion Engines
The internal combustion engine means that the engine burns fuel within the cylinders, and converts the heat energy of fuel combustion into mechanical force used to propel the vehicle. According to the different fuel used, internal combustion engines are commonly divided into gasoline engines and diesel engines.
Crankshaft and connecting rod assembly
Part Ⅲ Reading Passage One Construction of Internal Combustion Engines
Valve and valve train
Part Ⅲ Reading Passage One Construction of Internal Combustion Engines
To connect the piston and the crankshaft. To change the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary along with the crankshaft.
Back Next
Part Ⅲ Reading Passage One Construction of Internal Combustion Engines 2. What is the main framework of an engine? The engine block forms the main framework, or foundation, of the engine.
最新中职教材汽车专业英语教案：HowCarCoolingSystemsWork(汽车制造与维修)
Chapter Two Engine【课题】How Car Cooling Systems Work【教材版本】高等教育出版社，中职教材《汽车专业英语》.【教学目标】1．了解汽车冷却系统的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
2．掌握汽车冷却系统的英语的习惯表达方法。
3．能查阅与汽车冷却系统有关的英文资料。
4．能借助字典翻译汽车冷却系统方面的文章。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点：汽车冷却系统的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
教学难点：科技英语中长句的翻译【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第1章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】导入、示例、多媒体增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
教学中应交替使用教材、实物和动画。
【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）冷却系功用使发动机得到适度的冷却，并保持其在最适宜地温度范围内工作。
二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备cool冷却gasoline汽油overheating过热component零件emit散发pollution污染译文及评析Although gasoline engines have improved a lot, they are still not very efficient at turning chemical energy into mechanical power. Most of the energy in the gasoline (perhaps 70%) is converted into heat, and it is the job of the cooling system to take care of that heat.虽然汽油发动机改进了许多，但是，把化学能量转变为机械能量过程中，发动机的效率仍然不高。
最新中职教材汽车专业英语教案： (加工制造类)汽车制造与维修)
Chapter Two Engine【课题】What Is Crankshaft and Flywheel【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.【教学目标】1．了解汽车曲轴、飞轮的构造，掌握有关英语词汇词组。
2．掌握汽车曲轴、飞轮相关术语的英语表达方法。
3．能查阅与汽车知识有关的英文资料。
4．能借助字典翻译汽车构造方面的文章。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点：汽车曲轴、飞轮相关术语的英语表达方法。
教学难点：汽车英文缩写字母的翻译【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第2章第3课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】导入、示例、多媒体增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
教学中应交替使用教材、实物和动画。
【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）Flywheel is a heavy wheel attached to the shaft of an engine to keep its speed nearly constant. It is used where the forces driving the engine shaft are not constant. The crankshaft turns the piston's up and down motion into circular motion just like a crank on a jack-in-the-box does.二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备crankshaft 曲轴flywheel 飞轮cast 铸造forge 锻造alloy 合金mechanical 机械的strength 强度thrust 推力distortion 变形，扭曲译文及评析The crankshaft is a one-piece casting or forging of heat treated alloy steel of considerable mechanical strength.曲轴是由合金钢整体铸造或锻造，经过热处理，具有一定的机械强度。
Unit 2汽车专业英语(发动机)
Reading
In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion. 换句话说，活塞每完成一次冲程就会改变运动方向。
In other words
In other words, they remain relatively constant or static. 换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。 In other words, we have adhered to scientific socialism. 也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义
intake valve
exhaust valve
push rod
■ Valve gear
9tappet
■ Connecting rod
timing gears
connecting rod
piston
crankshaft
flywheel
Engine cooling system
Engine lubricating system
I. Pre-questions
What impression of the engine?
complicated
power
I. Pre-questions
What are the types of the engine?
electric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion engines What’s the internal combustion engine? burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.
最新中职教材汽车专业英语教案：HowanEngineWorks(加工制造类)汽车制造与维修
Chapter Two Engine【课题】How an Engine Works【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.【教学目标】1．掌握发动机中英语的术语、结构、及英语习惯表达方法。
2．能借助字典阅读发动机方面的文章。
3．会查找相关资料。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点：汽车发动机的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
教学难点：科技英语中长句子的翻译【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第2章第2课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】根据教材，发动机基本工作原理可作为单独的一节内容处理，教学中应交替使用教材、实物和动画。
根据学生基本情况及学习完绪论后的总体反应，灵活使用不同的教学方法，加强和学生的互动，使学生积极地参与到教学活动中来。
【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）发动机的专业名词1、上止点（TDC ）top dead center2、下止点（BDC ）bottom dead center3、活塞行程 piston stroke4、曲柄半径 crank throw5、气缸工作容积 cylinder displacement （气缸排量）6、发动机工作容积 engine stroke volume7、燃烧室容积 combustion chamber volume8、压缩比 ratio of compression二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备top dead centrepistonstrokebottomdead centre combustionchamber volume Engine stroke volume crank throwcylinder volumefour-stroke 四行程Intake 进气行程Compression 压缩行程Power 作功行程Exhaust 排气行程Cylinder 气缸Piston 活塞译文及评析Since the same process occurs in each cylinder, we will take a look at one cylinder to see how the four-stroke process works.因为每个气缸内工作过程是相同的，我们就从一个气缸了解四行程是怎样工作的。
How Car Engines Work(text)
How Car Engines WorkHere we'll discuss the basic idea behind an engine, and then go into detail about how all the pieces fit together and how to increase performance!Internal CombustionAlmost all cars currently use what is called a four-stroke combustion cycle to convert gasoline into motion. The four-stroke approach is also known as the Otto cycle, in honor of Nikolaus Otto, who invented it in 1867. They are:∙Intake stroke or suck stroke∙Compression stroke or squeeze stroke∙Combustion stroke or bang stroke∙Exhaust stroke or blow strokeThe piston is connected to the crank shaft by a connecting rod. Here's what happens as the engine goes through its cycle:1. The piston starts at the top, the intake valve opens, and the piston moves down tolet the engine take in a cylinder-full of air and gasoline. This is the intake stroke.Only the tiniest drop of gasoline needs to be mixed into the air for this to work.2. Then the piston moves back up to compress this fuel/air mixture. Compressionmakes the explosion more powerful.3. When the piston reaches the top of its stroke, the spark plug emits a spark toignite the gasoline. The gasoline charge in the cylinder explodes, driving the piston down.4. Once the piston hits the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust valve opens and theexhaust leaves the cylinder to go out the tail pipe.Now the engine is ready for the next cycle, so it intakes another charge of air and gas. Notice that the motion that comes out of an internal combustion engine is rotational. In an engine the linear motion is converted into rotational motion by the crank shaft. The rotational motion is nice because we plan to turn (rotate) the car's wheels with it anyway. Almost all cars today use a reciprocating internal combustion engine because this engine is:∙Relatively efficient (compared to an external combustion engine)∙Relatively inexpensive (compared to a gas turbine)∙Relatively easy to refuel (compared to an electric car)These advantages beat any other existing technology for moving a car around.Now let's look at all the parts that work together to make this happen.Parts of an EngineHere's a quick description of each one, along with a lot of vocabulary that will help youunderstand what all the car ads are talking about.CylinderThe core of the engine is the cylinder. The piston moves up and down inside the cylinder. The engine described here has one cylinder. That is typical of most lawn mowers, but most cars have more than one cylinder (four, six and eight cylinders are common). In a multi-cylinder engine the cylinders usually are arranged in one of three ways: inline, V or flat (also known as horizontally opposed or boxer), as shown in the following figures.Figure 2. Inline - The cylinders are arranged in a line in a single bank.Figure 3. V - The cylinders are arranged in two banks set at an angle to one another.Figure 4. Flat - The cylinders are arranged in two banks on opposite sides of the engine.Different configurations have different smoothness, manufacturing-cost and shape characteristics that make them more suitable in some vehicles.Spark plugThe spark plug supplies the spark that ignites the air/fuel mixture so that combustion can occur. The spark must happen at just the right moment for things to work properly. ValvesThe intake and exhaust valves open at the proper time to let in air and fuel and to let out exhaust. Note that both valves are closed during compression and combustion so that the combustion chamber is sealed.PistonA piston is a cylindrical piece of metal that moves up and down inside the cylinder. Piston ringsPiston rings provide a sliding seal between the outer edge of the piston and the inner edge of the cylinder. The rings serve two purposes:∙They prevent the fuel/air mixture and exhaust in the combustion chamber from leaking into the sump during compression and combustion.∙They keep oil in the sump from leaking into the combustion area, where it would be burned and lost.Most cars that "burn oil" and have to have a quart added every 1,000 miles are burning it because the engine is old and the rings no longer seal things properly.Combustion chamberThe combustion chamber is the area where compression and combustion take place. As the piston moves up and down, you can see that the size of the combustion chamber changes. It has some maximum volume as well as a minimum volume. The difference between the maximum and minimum is called the displacement and is measured in liters or CCs (Cubic Centimeters, where 1,000 cubic centimeters equals a liter). So if you have a 4-cylinder engine and each cylinder displaces half a liter, then the entire engine is a "2.0 liter engine." If each cylinder displaces half a liter and there are six cylinders arranged in a V configuration, you have a "3.0 liter V-6." Generally, the displacement tells you something about how much power an engine has. A cylinder that displaces half a liter can hold twice as much fuel/air mixture as a cylinder that displaces a quarter of a liter, and therefore you would expect about twice as much power from the larger cylinder (if everything else is equal). So a 2.0 liter engine is roughly half as powerful as a 4.0 liter engine. You can get more displacement either by increasing the number of cylinders or by making the combustion chambers of all the cylinders bigger (or both).Connecting rodThe connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. It can rotate at both ends so that its angle can change as the piston moves and the crankshaft rotates.Crank shaftThe crank shaft turns the piston's up and down motion into circular motion just like a crank on a jack-in-the-box does.SumpThe sump surrounds the crankshaft. It contains some amount of oil, which collects in the bottom of the sump (the oil pan).Engine SubsystemsAn engine has a number of systems that help it do its job of converting fuel into motion. Most of these subsystems can be implemented using different technologies, and better technologies can improve the performance of the engine. Here's a look at all of the different subsystems used in modern engines:Valve trainThe valve train consists of the valves and a mechanism that opens and closes them. The opening and closing system is called a camshaft. The camshaft has lobes on it that move the valves up and down, as shown in Figure 5.Figure 5. The camshaftMost modern engines have what are called overhead cams. This means that the camshaft is located above the valves, as you see in Figure 5. The cams on the shaft activate the valves directly or through a very short linkage. Older engines used a camshaft located in the sump near the crankshaft. Rods linked the cam below to valve lifters above the valves. This approach has more moving parts and also causes more lag between the cam's activation of the valve and the valve's subsequent motion. A timing belt or timing chain links the crankshaft to the camshaft so that the valves are in sync with the pistons. The camshaft is geared to turn at one-half the rate of the crankshaft. Many high-performance engines have four valves per cylinder (two for intake, two for exhaust), and this arrangement requires two camshafts per bank of cylinders, hence the phrase "dual overhead cams."Starting systemThe starting system consists of an electric starter motor and a starter solenoid. When you turn the ignition key, the starter motor spins the engine a few revolutions so that the combustion process can start. It takes a powerful motor to spin a cold engine. The starter motor must overcome:∙All of the internal friction caused by the piston rings∙The compression pressure of any cylinder(s) that happens to be in the compression stroke∙The energy needed to open and close valves with the camshaftAll of the "other" things directly attached to the engine, like the water pump, oil pump, alternator, etc.Because so much energy is needed and because a car uses a 12-volt electrical system, hundreds of amps of electricity must flow into the starter motor. The starter solenoid is essentially a large electronic switch that can handle that much current. When you turn the ignition key, it activates the solenoid to power the motor.。
中职教材《汽车专业英语》(高教版)教案：How to use a multimeter
Chapter Six Testing Tools【课题】How to use a multimeter【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编. 【教学目标】1．一般了解汽车电表的知识。
2．熟悉常见术语的英语表达方法。
3．能看懂国外万用表上的英语词汇。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点：汽车电表中常用零件的英文名称。
国外检测仪器上的英语词汇。
教学难点：翻译方法和技巧归纳【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第6章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材。
【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】通过视频、声音、动画等素材，使学生掌握万用表检测的术语、原理的英文表达。
增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）随着汽车电控技术的发展,对汽车故障的诊断与维修提出了越来越高的要求;汽车检测仪的运用给汽车维修技术人员提供了方便,使汽车电控系统的故障诊断与维修更简单、更正确、更有效率。
二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备译文及评析A multimeter tests electrical continuity. It also can measure the amount of alternating current (AC or household current) or direct current (DC or battery current) in a plugged-in or live circuit. It can check voltage, too.万用表不仅可以测量电路中是否有电流，同时可以测量带电电路中交流电（AC）或者直流电（DC）电流和电压的数值。
评析：①continuity原意是“连续性”，在这里与electrical组成词组，直接翻译成“电的连续性”不符合语言习惯，而应该按照文章内容的大意，翻译成“是否有电流”比较合适。
高职高专汽车专业英语
Compression Stroke After the piston reaches bottom dead center(BDC)，it moves upward again as the starter continues to turn the crankshaft in a clockwise direction．As the piston is beginning to move upward，the intake valve closes，and the exhaust valve remains closed．Since both valves are closed，the piston compresses the air／fuel mixture in the small space between the top of the piston and the cylinder head．As the piston reaches TDC again during its upward travel，the compression stroke of the piston is over．The air／fuel charge is now under compression so that it will produce a great deal of power when the spark plug ignites it．
《汽车专业英语》Chapter 2 Engine(2.1-2.4)
3) The cylinder head fastens to the top of the block, just as a roof fits over a house. The underside forms the combustion chamber with the top of the piston. In-line engines of light vehicles have just one cylinder head for all cylinders; larger in-line engines can have two or more. (Page 14)
活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半 圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相 应的措施排出废气以及向气缸内再充入新鲜的可燃混 合气：气体的运动由气门来控制。
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine
o
k
Clearance volume Swept volume
BDC
Engine capacity（排量）: this is the swept volume of all cylinders. Compression ration（压缩比）: (swept vol. + clearance vol.) /(clearance vol.)
Automotive Engineering English
Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine
Engine Block Engine Block
中职教材汽车专业英语(高教版 黄立新主编)教案：How Clutch Packs Work
CHAPTER THREE CHASSIS【课题】How Clutch Packs Work【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.【教学目标】1．了解汽车离合器的相关知识，掌握有关离合器的词汇词组。
2．掌握离合器的零部件的习惯表达方法。
3．能查阅与汽车离合器知识有关的英文资料。
4．能借助字典翻译汽车离合器方面的文章。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点：汽车的离合器的常用部件的英语表达法教学难点：汽车英文车名【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第3章第2课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】通过视频、声音、动画等素材，使学生掌握离合器的术语、英文表达。
增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）The clutch connects the two shafts so that they can either be locked together and spin at the same speed, or be decoupled and spin at different speeds.二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备clutch离合器drum（离合器）鼓spline花键one-way clutch 单向离合器（也称之为契块离合器）band 制动箍带译文及评析A clutch pack consists of alternating disks that fit inside a clutch drum. Half of the disks are steel and have splines that fit into grooves on the inside of the drum. The other half have a friction material bonded to their surface and have splines on the inside edge that fit groves on the outer surface of the adjoining hub.离合器总成包含一系列交错排列的盘，这些盘安装在离合器鼓内。
最新中职汽车专业英语教案：8.1HowSearchEnginesWork(汽车制造与维修)
Chapter Eight Search Information【课题】How Search Engines Work【教材版本】高等教育出版社，中职教材《汽车专业英语》.【教学目标】1．了解信息检索的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。
2．掌握信息检索相关术语的英语表达方法。
3．能查阅与资料检索有关的英文资料。
4．能借助字典翻译汽车资料检索方面的文章。
【教学重点、难点】教学重点：专业搜索引擎等常用词汇的英文名称。
教学难点：英语构词法【教学媒体及教学方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。
D. 使用教材第8章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。
【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】通过视频、声音、动画等素材，使学生掌握专业搜索引擎的术语和英文表达。
增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。
【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）获得网站网页资料，能够建立数据库并提供查询的系统，我们都可以把它叫做搜索引擎。
按照工作原理的不同，可以把它们分为两个基本类别：全文搜索引擎：Full Text Search Engine 分类目录：Directory二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备search engine 搜索引擎database 数据库upgraded 升级web page 网页web site 网站译文及评析Search engines allow you to enter keywords that are run against a database of web documents.搜索引擎允许你输入口令，依靠网络文献数据库而运行。
评析：最早现代意义上的搜索引擎出现于1994年7月。
当时Michael Mauldin将John Leavitt的蜘蛛程序接入到其索引程序中，创建了大家现在熟知的Lycos。
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Translate the following expressions into English
Task 8
进气行程 压缩比 火花塞 发动机点火行程 发动机做工行程 排气系统
intake the compression ratio the spark plug engine firing order engine power stroke exhaust system
exhaust
engine firing
piston
intake
crankshaft
Task 3 lead in
Get students to share the information which got on line before class
Task 4
review the words
Task 5
Reading
1、How can vehicles move? 2、What are the four –strokes of the cylinder?
3、How does the four-strokes works of the engine’s?
Task 5
Reading
1、How can vehicles move?
Task 7
Translate the following sentences tnto Chinese
1、When the piston reaches the bottom of the intake stroke,the intake valve close,trapping the airfuel mixture in the cylinder.
Task 2: watch
The working process of cylinder four - stroke
Task 8
in-line engine
Task 2: watch Task 4: 观看
The work process of cylinder four - stroke
flat engine
在燃烧过程中产生的巨大力量推动者活塞向下 运动，待定曲轴而产生推送汽车的动力。
Task 7
Translate the following sentences tnto Chinese
3、By the time the crankshaft completes two revolutions, each cylinder in the engine will have gone through one power stroke.
排气 exhaust 行程 stroke 进气行程 Intake plunger / piston 活塞 曲轴 crankshaft 发动机点火顺序 Engine firing order the ratio of …的比例 the exhaust valve 排气阀 the four stroke process 四行程循环
当活塞到达进气行程的底部，随着空气燃油 混合气进入汽缸，进气阀门关闭。
Task 7
Translate the following sentences into Chinese
2、The combustion process pushes pistion down the cylinder with great force turning the crankshaft to provide the power to propel the vehicle
Homework
To finish the exercises on page 18 I、 II 、 III
That is: Intake--down, Compression—up, Power—down, Exhast--up
3、How do the four-strokes works of the engine’s?
Task 6 Reading Comprehension • How is the furl-air mixture drawn into the cylinder?
曲轴转两周，发动机的每个汽缸都完成一个 做工行程
Task 7
Translate the following sentences tnto Chinese
4、the piston travels up to the top of the cylinder pushing all the exhaust out before closing the exhaust valve in preparation for starting the four stroke process over again.
The Vehicle Professional English
Chapter Two ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้.2 How Engine Works
Task 1 Warm up
To enjoy these pictures(before enjoy
to think about how vehicle to move)
It can move is that according to the exercise of engine to arouse car wheel to turn to move to make the car exercise.
Task 5
Reading
2、What are the four –stroke of the cylinder?
task 10
The whole working processes of the engine’s cylinder
..\..\Lesson piece\the car machine work principle.swf
Task 11: summry
了解车是怎样运动的。 了解发动机的工作原理 。 了解汽车汽缸的四行程是怎样工的 ？
As the piston starts down on the Intake stroke, the intake valve opens and the frel-air mixture is drawn into the cylinder.
• How to cosider the piston travle a fourstrokes process?
Task 1 Warm up
To enjoy these pictures
Task 1 Warm up
To enjoy these pictures
Task 1 Warm up
To enjoy these pictures
Task 1 Warm up
To enjoy these pictures
The four strokes are Intake, Compression,Power and Exhaust.
Task 5
Reading
The piston travels down on the Intake stroke,up on the Compression stroke.down on the Power stroke and up on the Exhaust stroke.
The piston travels up to the top of the cylinder pushing all the exhaust out before closing the exhaust valve in prepartion for starting the Four-stroke process over again