六级仔细阅读理解逐句翻译.

合集下载

2021年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套仔细阅读2篇_1

2021年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套仔细阅读2篇Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent's most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐分) is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhousesat the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner "Project Neurice" are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes."The project has two sides," says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, "the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency."Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆), but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail's presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. "The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when."Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they've bred. In 2021, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe's other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France's Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any, of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组).46. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A) It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B) It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A) Striking the weaker enemy first. B) Killing two birds with one stone.C) Eliminating the enemy one by one.D) Using one evil to combat the other.48. What do we learn about "Project Neurice"?A) Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B) It aims to increase the yield of Spanishrice.C) Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D) It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A) It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B) It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C) It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D) It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A) Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B) Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C) Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D) Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it's bad for you, and we're not living in thepresent moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you're looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightensthe pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological (考古的) museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers (Instagram用户) everywhere, it can even make meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51. What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A) It was a painstaking effort for recording life's major events.B) It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C) It was a good way to preserve one's precious images.D) It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52.Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out _______.A) what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB) whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC) how it could help to enrich people's life experiencesD) whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53. What do the results of Diehl's experiments show about people taking pictures?A) They are distracted from what they are doing.B) They can better remember what they see or do.C) They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D) They can have a better understanding of the world.54. What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A) They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B) They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C) They have a better view of what are on display.D) They follow the historical events more easily.55. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A) It is better to make plans before taking photos.B) Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C) Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D) Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.Passage one46.C47.D48.C49.B50.A Passage two51.A52.D53.C54.B55.D。

卓顶精文2019年6月大学英语六级真题、译文及详细解析(仔细阅读卷二).doc

2019年6月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题解析（卷二）SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbys omequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesma rkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondi ngletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Economicallyspeaking,arewebetteroffthanweweretenyearsago?Twentyyea rsago?Intheirthirstforevidenceonthisissue,commentatorsseizedontherecentr eportbytheCensusBureau,whichfoundthataveragehouseholdincomeroseby5.2% in2019.Unfortunately,thatconclusionputstoomuchweightonauseful,butflaw edandincomplete,statistic.AmongthemoresignificantproblemswiththeCensu s’smeasurearethat:1)itexcludestaxes,transfers,andcompensationlikeempl oyer-providedhealthinsurance;and2)itisbasedonsurveysratherthandata.Ev enifpreciselymeasured,incomedataexcludeimportantdeterminantsofeconomi cwell-being,suchasthehoursofworkneededtoearnthatincome.Whilethinkingaboutthequestion,wecameacrossarecentlypublishedarticl ebyCharlesJonesandPeterKlenow,whichproposesaninterestingnewmeasureofe conomicwelfare.Whilebynomeansperfect,itisconsiderablymorecomprehensiv ethanaverageincome,takingintoaccountnotonlygrowthinconsumptionperpers onbutalsochangesinworkingtime,lifeexpectancy,andinequality.Moreover,i tcanbeusedtoassesseconomicperformancebothacrosscountriesandovertime.TheJones-Klenowmethodcanbeillustratedbyacross-countryexample.Suppo sewewanttocomparetheeconomicwelfareofcitizensoftheU.S.andFrancein2019 .In2019,astheauthorsobserve,realconsumptionperpersoninFrancewasonly 60%ashighastheU.S.,makingitappearthatAmericanswereeconomicallymuchbet teroffthantheFrenchonaverage.However,thatcomparisonomitsotherrelevant factors:leisuretime,lifeexpectancy,andeconomicinequality.TheFrenchtak elongervacationsandretireearlier,sotypicallyworkfewerhours;theyenjoya higherlifeexpectancy,presumablyreflectingadvantageswithrespecttohealt hcare,diet,lifestyle,andthelike;andincomeandconsumptionaresomewhatmor eequallydistributedtherethanintheU.S.Becauseofthesedifferences,compar ingFrance’sconsumptionwiththeU.S.’soverstatesthegapineconomicwelfare.SimilarcalculationscanbeusedtocomparetheU.S.andothercountries.Fore xample,thiscalculationputseconomicwelfareintheUnitedKingdomat97%ofU.S .levels,butestimatesMexicanwell-beingat22%.TheJones-Klenowmeasurecanalsoassessaneconomy’sperformanceovertime. Accordingtothismeasure,asoftheearly-to-mid-2019s,theU.S.hadthehighest economicwelfareofanylargecountry.Since2019,economicwelfareintheU.S.ha scontinuedtoimprove.However,thepaceofimprovementhasslowedmarkedly.Methodologically,thelessonfromtheJones-Klenowresearchisthateconomicwelfareismulti-dimensional.Theirapproachisflexibleenoughthatinprinci pleotherimportantquality-oflifechangescouldbeincorporated—forexample ,decreasesintotalemissionsofpollutantsanddeclinesincrimerates.全文翻译及命题分析从经济上讲，我们的生活比十年前或二十年前更好吗？评论员从美国人口普查局最新的一份报告着手，渴望在这个问题上找到证据。

英语六级阅读理解精练答案及译文

英语六级阅读理解精练答案及译文英语六级阅读理解精练：教育是抢劫吗One of our expectations about education is that it will pay off1 in terms of upward mobility.Historically, the correlation between education and income has been strong. But in the early1970 s a contradiction developed between education and the economy. Our value of educationand our average educational attainment outstripped the capacity of the economy to absorbthe graduates. Since the 1970s, high-school graduates have experienced a striking decreasein earnings, making them the first generation since Wor ld WarⅡ to face a lower standard ofliving than their parents had.Experts have argued that this contradiction is at the heart of the problem of public educationtoday. It is not, as business leaders claim, that the schools are failing to properly educatestudents, that they are turning out2 young people who are inadequately prepared to functionin the workplace. The real problem is a dearth of economic opportunities for students who arenot continuing on to college.College graduates also are having difficulty finding jobs. Even when they do, the jobs may notbe commensurate with3 their training and expectations. Part of the problem is that too manyyoung Americans aspire to have professional jobs, making disappointment and frustrationinevitable for some. Many students assumed that what was true of an individu-al — that thehigher the education, the better the job opportunities —would also be true for an entiresociety4. But when the numbers of better-educated young people became too great, theeconomy could no longer absorb themAnother part of the problem is the assumption that greater educational attainment guaranteescareer advancement. In fact, employers do not routinely reward educational attainment; rather,they reward it only when they believe it will contribute to the employee's productivity.We should not overlook the fact that there is still a strong correlation between education,occupation, and income. College graduates have a strong advantage over those with lesseducation. But the payoff is neither as large nor as certain as it once was.Unfortunately, Americans have focused so strongly on the economic payoff that many considertheir college education useless if it does not yield adesirable, well-paying job. Only in thissense can we speak of an "oversupply"of college graduates. 5 We could argue that all or at leastthe majority of Americans would profit by some degree because higher education can enablethe individual to think more deeply, explore more widely, and enjoy a greaterrange ofexperiences.阅读自测Ⅰ. Choose the be st answer to fill in the blanks :1. In the eyes of the public , higher education can_______ in terms of obtaining a decent job.A. pay backB. pay offC. pay outD. pay up2. Things_______ to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.A. turned upB. turned onC. turned outD. turned over3. He was satisfied with the salary that was_________ with his abilities.A. familiarB. proportionalC. contentD. commensurateⅡ. Write these sentences i n inverted order beginning ea ch one with the words in italics :1. I realized what was happening only then.2. There were piles of books, magazines andnewspapers on the floor.3. I have never heard such nonsense in all my life .参考答案Ⅰ. 1. B 2. C 3 . D Ⅱ. 1. Only thendid I realize what was happening. 2. On the floor were piles of books, magazines andnewspapers. 3. Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense.参考译文教育是抢劫吗?我们对教育的一个期望是它能帮我们在工作中获得晋升。

历年英语六级阅读理解逐句翻译（最新编写修订）

历年六级阅读理解逐句翻译一、There is nothing like the suggestion of a cancer risk to scare a parent, especially one of the over-educated, eco-conscious type.没有什么事情比有得癌症的迹象更让父母感到害怕的了，尤其对于受到过度教育、对生态环境敏感的那种人来说。

So you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation’s schools singled out those in the smugly（自鸣得意的）green village of Berkeley, Calif., as being among the worst in the country.所以当《今日美国》在近期公布的一份全国范围内的学校周边空气质量调查中，把加州伯克利的绿色环保小镇列为全国最差时，你可以想象到那些自鸣得意的人的反应。

The city’s public high school, as well as a number of daycare centers, preschools, elementary and middle schools, fell in the lowest 10%. Industrial pollution in our town had supposedly turned students into living science experiments breathing in a laboratory’s worth of heavy metals like manganese, chromium and nickel each day.该市的公立高中以及为数众多的日间看护中心、学前教育机构、小学和中学都在最差的10%之列。

2018年12月大学英语六级真题解析(仔细阅读卷二)

2018年12月份大学英语六级仔细阅读译文及详细解析（卷二）Section CPassage One全文翻译及命题分析也许是时候让农场主们歇歇脚了，因为机器人正被用来监测庄稼生长、拔除杂草，甚至放牧。

商业种植面积及其广袤，需要数千工时来耕作。

澳大利亚最偏远的苏坡杰克·唐斯（Suplejack Downs）牛场就是一个典型的例子。

它位于北部地区，绵延4000平方公里，距离最近的主要城市艾丽丝泉（Alice Springs）逾13个小时车程。

这些大规模农场极度偏远，往往无人照料，每年只能监测一两次，这意味着如果牲畜生病或需要援助，农场主可能需要很长时间才能发现。

然而，机器人正前来救援。

机器人目前正在威尔士进行为期两年的试验，该试验将训练“农场机器人”放牧，监测牲畜的健康，并确保有足够的牧场供它们放牧。

这些机器人配备了许多传感器来识别环境、牛群以及食物的状况，使用热传感器和视觉传感器来探测体温的变化。

悉尼大学的萨拉·苏卡黎(Salah Sukarieh)将在新南威尔士州中部的几个农场进行试验，他说：“你还可以用颜色、质地和形状传感器检测地面上的牧草质量。

”在试验期间，将对机器人的算法和技术性细节进行微调，使其更适合生病的牲畜，并确保它能够安全地绕过树木、淤泥、沼泽和丘陵等潜在障碍区。

苏卡黎说:“我们希望改善牲畜的健康品质，并让农场主更容易维护牲畜在广阔的草场上信步由缰的壮观景象。

”机器人并不局限于放牧和监控牲畜，他们还被用来统计单果数量，检查农作物，甚至拔除杂草。

许多机器人配备有高科技传感器和复杂的学习算法，以避免它们在与人类并肩工作时伤害人类。

机器人还知晓最高效、最安全的通行方式，使工程师和农场主能够分析和更好地优化机器人的属性和任务，并提供现场直播，实时反馈农场上正在发生的事情。

当然，农业工人担心其岗位被取代。

然而，由于劳动力空缺的不断加剧，大规模生产难以维持，正是农场主们在力推技术进步。

2016年6月大学英语六级考试第一套仔细阅读第二篇逐句翻译

What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers.应该如何应对大规模失业问题呢? 所有聪明的人都认为：没有快捷或简单的答案。

There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are “structural,” and will take many years to solve.工作是有的，但是劳动者没有做好准备—他们要么跑错了地方，要么技能不对口。

我们的问题是结构性的，需要很多年才能解决。

But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view.但是，别费心为这种悲观的论调寻求佐证了。

There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish:根本就没有证据。

恰恰相反，所有的事实都表明美国的高失业率是需求不足的后果。

说没有简单的答案，这听上去很明智，实际上很愚蠢：our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.如果我们有清醒的理智和政治意志来采取行动，我们的失业危机就可以很快都到解决。

英语六级仔细阅读练习附答案讲解

英语六级仔细阅读练习附答案讲解英语六级仔细阅读练习一56.B)。

定位由题干中的governments及seeking ways to reduce the health-care spending定位到*第一段第一句：Caught in a squeeze between the health needs of aging populations on onehand and the financial crisis on the other，governments everywhere are looking for ways to slowthe growth in health-care spending.详解推理判断题。

由定位句可知，各国政府一方面面临老龄化人群的健康需求，另一方面受到金融危机的影响，所以都在寻求减少医疗保健开支的途径，B)符合题意。

第一段第二句提到they are looking to thegenetic-drugs industry as a savior，但是普通药物只是各国政府减少开支的一个方法，并不是他们这么做的原因，故排除A);C)的说法在文中没有提及;本段最后一句提到That greed…costs taxpayers nearly C$1 billion a year.这里是说药店的贪心导致纳税人受损，并不是说保健花费的问题，故排除D)。

57.D)。

定位由题干中的the report issued by the European Commission 定位到*第二段第一句：Then on November 28th the European Commission issued the preliminary results...详解事实细节题。

定位句提到，11月28日欧洲委员会发布的一个初步调查报告，下文开始对该报告进行描述，由第二段最后一句Neelie Kroes，the EUs competition commissioner，says she is ready totake legal action if the evidence allows.可推断如果证据充足，委员们会采取行动，D)符合题意。

2021年6月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题附答案及解析(4)

2021年6月大学英语六级仔细阅读练习题附答案及解析(4)Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.They're still kids, and although there's a lot that the experts don't yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it's all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy (懂技术的) Millennial elders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblings don't quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassing sensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation.The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominatedlife experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2021 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbed the "ingeneration"."The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it's also a mind-set, and the mind-set goes with the little ‘i', which I'm talking to stand for 'individualized'," Rosen says. "Everything is defined and individualized to ‘me'. My music choices are defined to ' me'. What I watch on TV any instant is defined to ‘me'. " He says the iGeneration includes today's teens and middle-school ers, but it's too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger.Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. "If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it," he says. "They expect innovation."They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use "will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires."Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cellphones are supposedly banned.Many researchers are trying t6 determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. "They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do," Rosen says. "But findings show teens survive distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development. "Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change significantly."The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential(指数的), and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think," Rosen says."We have to give them options because they want their world individualized. "56. Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kidsA．communicate with others by high-tech methods continually B．prefer to live a virtual life than a real oneC．are equipped with more modem digital techniquesD．know more on technology than their elders57. Why did Larry Rosen name the new generation asiGeneration?A．Because this generation is featured by the use of personal high-tech devices.B．Because this generation stresses on an individualized style of life.C．Because it is the author himself who has discovered the new generation.D．Because it's a mind-set generation instead of an age-set one.58. Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen?A．This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things.B．Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation.C．This generation catches up with the development of technology.D．High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation.59. Rosen's findings suggest that technologyA．has an obvious effect on the function of iGeneration's brain developmentB．has greatly affected the iGeneration's behaviors and academic performanceC．has no significantly negative effect on iGeneration's mental and intellectual developmentD．has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance60. According to the passage, education has to __A．adapt its system to the need of the new generationB．use more technologies to cater for the iGenerationC．risk its system to certain extent for the iGeneration D．be conducted online for iGeneration's individualized needPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Small increases in temperature found to add power to storms in the Atlantic.Hurricanes that form in the Atlantic Ocean are expected to gain considerable strength as the global temperature continues to rise, a new study has found.Using modeling data focused on the conditions in which hurricanes form, a group of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University found that for every 1.8°F( 1℃)rise of the Earth's temperature, the number of hurricanes in the Atlantic that are as strong or stronger than Hurricane Katrina will increase twofold to sevenfold.Hurricane strength is directly related to the heat of the water where the storm forms. More water vapor in the air from evaporating ocean water adds fuel to hurricanes that build strength and head toward land.Hurricane Katrina is widely considered the measure for a destructive storm, holding the maximum Category 5 designation for a full 24 hours in late August 2005. It lost strength as it passed over the Florida peninsula, but gained destructive power fight before colliding with New Orleans, killing more than 200 people and causing $ 80 billion in damage.The study points to a gradual increase of Katrina-like events. The warming experienced over the 20th century doubled the number of such debilitating(将人类摧垮的)storms. But the ongoing warming of the planet into the 21st century could increase the frequency of the worst kinds of storms by 700 percent, threatening coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean with muitiple Category 5 storms every year."Our results support the idea that changes in regional sea surface temperatures is the primary cause of hurricanevariability," said Aslak Girnstead, a researcher with the Center for Ice and Climate at the University of Copenhagen. The large impact of small sea-surface temperature increases was more than Girustead and his colleagues had anticipated. The entire study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Global temperatures have steadily increased, making the past decade the warmest on record. Earlier this year, climate researchers reported that the Earth's temperatures have risen faster in the last century than at any point since the last ice age, 11,300 years ago. The primary cause, a couseusus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane.Past hurricanes have supported the study's finding that global temperature rise is linked to more destructive storms. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research, while the frequency of storms doesn't appear to have increased, the percentage of strong ones has risen sharply over the past few decades. The trend may be similar further back in time, but comprehensive hurricane data doesn't exist.61. According to the team of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University, the rise of the Earth'stemperature is likely to causeA．the coming of ice ageC．more Katrina-like or worse hurricanesB．less intense hurricanesD．more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere62. The ocean water in the region where the storm formsA．is heating the hurricanesB．evaporates and becomes fuelC．heads toward landD．turns into water vapor that makes hurricanes stronger63. Which of the following statement is TRUE about Hurricane Katrina?A．It did not lose its strength as it moved.B．It claimed over 200 people's lives.C．It caused 80 billion dollars loss for Florida peninsula.D．It lasted for full 24 hours.64. What result can regional sea surface temperature changes produce?A．Hurricane changes.C．Global warming.B．Increasing greenhouse gas emissions.D．Destructive hurricanes.65. It can be inferred from the passage thatA．there is no link between greenhouse gas emissions and destructive stormsB．reduction of greenhouse gas emissions may reduce destructive stormsC．the higher percentage of strong ones rose as more hurricanes appearedD．past records on hurricanes included everything needed 答案解析：56．A)。

2017年12月六级考试仔细阅读真题及解析(卷二,英汉对照)

Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The“coca” in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drinks originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup(姜汁). At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic(滋补品), and Pemberton’s sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. But the other half of the name represents another ingredient，less infamous(名声不好的), perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut.In West Africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, because they contain caffeine that also occurs naturally in tea, coffee, and chocolate. They also have heart stimulants.Historian Paul Lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in West Africa is hundreds of years old. The leafy, spreading trees were planted on graves and as part of traditional rituals. Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands.Europeans did not know of them until the 1500s, when Portuguese ships arrived on the coast of what is now Sierra Leone. And while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods, by 1620, when English explorer Richard Jobson made his way up the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes.By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost. One such popular medicinal drink was Vin Mariani, a French product consisting of coca extract mixed with red wine. It was created by a French chemist, Angelo Mariani, in 1863. So when Pemberton created his drink,it represented an ongoing trend. When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular.The first year it was available, Coca-Cola averaged nine servings a day across all the Atlanta soda fountains where it was sold. As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda, so it could travel easily. Today about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchased daily. It’s become so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985 —sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales —proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. “Coca-Cola Classic”，returned to store shelves just three months after the “New Coke” was released.These days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. But it’s said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavour.你可能听说可口可乐曾经含有一种能够使消费者“死忠”的成分：可卡因。

2023年大学英语六级考试历年阅读试题译文

大学英语六级考试(CET6)历年阅读试题译文历年六级试题阅读译文1999年1月六级试题译文Passage one译文诸多美国人对有关食物旳多数危险持极度歪曲、夸张旳观点。

马萨诸塞—阿姆赫特大学食品科学及营养系主任佛卡斯·克拉斯代尔直率地说，假如被细菌污染旳鸡肉旳危险像某些人认为旳那样大，“大街上就会到处躺满中毒旳人。

”虽然公众越来越规定安全食品，但世界上没有这样旳东西。

伯克利旳加里福尼亚大学生物化学系主任布鲁斯·阿密兹指出，一棵植物中多达10%旳重量是天然杀虫剂。

他说：“植物没有嘴和牙齿来保护自己，它们就使用化学战。

”许多自然生成旳化学物质虽然量很小，但试验室化验却证明是强致癌物——可引起癌症旳物质。

假如用食品添加剂旳原则来衡量，蘑菇就会被严禁食用。

康乃尔大学旳营养学家克利斯蒂娜·斯达克断言：“我们从食物中获得旳天然化学物质比任何人造旳东西都糟糕得多。

”然而问题并不那么简朴。

尽管美国人没理由胆怯坐在餐桌旁，但他们完全有理由规定食物和饮水安全有明显改善。

他们不知不觉地、不情愿地吸取了大量多种各样旳危险化学物。

要是食物中已经具有天然致癌物，再加上几十种新旳人造致癌物就不大明智了。

虽然大多数人能抵御食物和水里旳少许污染物，但至少一天少数人会因吃喝旳东西而患癌症。

为使食物和供水质量更高，政府需提高管理原则，严格检查计划并强化执行政策。

食品工业应当修改某些人们长期接受旳做法，或采用危险较小旳做法。

最重要旳也许是消费者将不得不学习怎样对旳处理和烹制食物。

需要处理从田间到加工场、再到厨房旳整个食品供应过程中旳所有问题。

Passage two译文有些地球现象可以估计，但有旳人说磁场是个例外。

磁场旳强度波动，并从轴开始移动，每隔几十万年经历一次奇异旳两极转换——这期间北极变成南极，南极变成北极。

但磁场是怎么产生旳?为何如此不稳定?两位法国地球物理学家旳开创性研究为揭示这一奥秘提供了某些线索。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题、译文及详细解析(仔细阅读卷二)

2018年6月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题解析（卷二）Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomple te, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates the gap in economic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highesteconomic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.全文翻译及命题分析从经济上讲，我们的生活比十年前或二十年前更好吗？评论员从美国人口普查局最新的一份报告着手，渴望在这个问题上找到证据。

英语六级阅读理解及其精准翻译

英语六级阅读理解及其精准翻译Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?从经济上讲，我们比十年前富有吗？比二十年之前呢？In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau，which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that：1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance；and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.针对这一问题的证据，评论员抓住了人口普查局最近的报告，该报告发现，2015年家庭平均收入净增加5.2％。

不幸的是，这一结论过分强调有用但有缺陷且不完整的统计。

历年英语六级阅读理解逐句翻译

The city’s public high school, as well as a number of daycare centers, preschools, elementary and middle schools, fell in the lowest 10%. Industrial pollution in our town had supposedly turned students into living science experi ments breathing in a laboratory’s worth of heavy metals like manganese, chromium and nickel each day.该市的公立高中以及为数众多的日间看护中心、学前教育机构、小学和中学都在最差的10%之列。

历年六级阅读理解逐句翻译：2022年12月(1)

历年六级阅读理解逐句翻译：2022年12月（1）一、Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use.可持续进展适用于诸如能源，净水，经济增长等几乎全部的方面，因此，要对可持续进展的基本假设或其概念的实施方法提出质疑也变得日益困难。

This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.这在农业方面尤其显著，可持续进展常常被认为是农业进步的唯一标准，而这并没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评估。

To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so .medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a muchlower population density than it is today.首先，重要的是熟悉到农业的本质随着历史的进展已经发生了显著的变化，并且这种变化仍将持续。

英语六级考试真题仔细阅读和翻译

英语六级考试真题仔细阅读和翻译英语六级考试真题仔细阅读和翻译想要考试取得好成绩，平时就需要按照"循序渐进、阶段侧重、精讲精练"的.原则进行练习。

下面是店铺为大家整理的英语六级考试真题仔细阅读和翻译，欢迎参考！英语六级考试真题仔细阅读和翻译篇1Section C仔细阅读Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Manufacturers of products that claim to be environmentally friendly will face tighter rules on how they are advertised to consumers under changes proposed by the Federal Trade Commission.The commission's revised "Green Guides" warn marketers against using labels that make broad claims, like "eco-friendly". Marketers must qualify their claims on the product packaging and limit them to a specific benefit, such as how much of the product is recycled."This is really about trying to cut through the confusion that consumers have when they are buying a product and that businesses have when they are selling a product," said Jon Leibowitz,chairman of the commission.The revisions come at a time when green marketing is on the rise. According to a new study,the number of advertisements withgreen messages in mainstream magazines has risen since1987, and peaked in 2008 at 10.4%. In 2009, the number dropped to 9%.But while the number of advertisements may have dipped, there has been a rapid spread of ecolabeling. There are both good and bad players in the eco-labeling game.In the last five years or so, there has been an explosion of green claims and environmental claims. It is clear that consumers don't always know what they are getting.A handful of lawsuits have been filed in recent years against companies accused of using misleading environmental labels. In 2008 and 2009, class-action lawsuits (集体诉讼) were filed against SC Johnson for using "Green list" labels on its cleaning products. The lawsuits said that the label was misleading because it gave the impression that the products had been certified by a third party when the certification was the company's own."We are very proud of our accomplishments under the Green list system and we believe that we will prevail in these cases," Christopher Beard, director of public affairs for SC Johnson, said,while acknowledging that "this has been an area that is difficult to navigate."Companies have also taken it upon themselves to contest each other's green claims.David Mallen, associate director of the Council of Better Business Bureau, said in the last two years the organization had seen an increase in the number of claims companies were bringing against each other for false or misleading environmental product claims."About once a week, I have a client that will bring up a new certification I've never even heard of and I'm in this industry, saidKevin Wilhelm, chief executive officer of Sustainable Business Consulting. "It's kind of a Wild West, anybody can claim themselves to be green." Mr. Wilhelm said the excess of labels made it difficult for businesses and consumers to know which labels they should pay attention to.46. What do the revised "Green Guides" require businesses to do?A) Manufacture as many green products as possible.B) Indicate whether their products are recyclable.C) Specify in what way their products are green.D) Attach green labels to all of their products.47. What does the author say about consumers facing an explosion of green claims?A) They can easily see through the businesses' tricks.B) They have to spend lots of time choosing products.C) They have doubt about current green certification.D) They are not clear which products are truly green.48. What was SC Johnson accused of in the class-action lawsuits?A) It gave consumers the impression that all its products were truly green.B) It gave a third party the authority to label its products as environmentally friendly.C) It misled consumers to believe that its products had been certified by a third party.D) It sold cleaning products that were not included in the official "Green list".49. How did Christopher Beard defend his company's labeling practice?A) There were no clear guidelines concerning green labeling.B) His company's products had been well received by the public.C) It was in conformity to the prevailing practice in the market.D) No law required the involvement of a third party in certification.50. What does Kevin Wilhelm imply by saying "It's kind of a Wild West" (Line 3，Para. 11)?A) Businesses compete to produce green products.B) Each business acts its own way in green labeling.C) Consumers grow wild with products labeled green.D) Anything produced in the West can be labeled green.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.America's education system has become less a ladder of opportunity than a structure to transmit inequality from one generation to the next.That's why school reform is so critical. This is an issue of equality, opportunity and national conscience. It's not just about education, but about poverty and justice.It's true that the main reason inner-city schools do poorly isn't teachers' unions, but poverty.Southern states without strong teachers' ，unions have schools at least as awful as those in union states. Some Chicago teachers seem to think that they shouldn't be held accountable until poverty is solved. There're steps we can take that would make some difference, and Mayor Rahm Emanuel is trying some of them—yet the union is resisting.I'd be sympathetic if the union focused solely on higher compensation. Teachers need to be much better paid to attract the best college graduates to the nation's worst schools.But,instead, the Chicago union seems to be using its political capital primarily to protect weak performers.There's solid evidence that there are huge differences in the effectiveness of teachers. The gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars found that even in high-poverty schools, teachers consistently had a huge positive or negative impact.Get a bottom 1% teacher, and the effect is the same as if a child misses 40% of the school year. Get a teacher from the top 20%, and it's as if a child has gone to school for an extra month or two.The study found that strong teachers in the fourth through eighth grades raised the skills of their students in ways that would last for decades. Just having a strong teacher for one elementary year left pupils a bit less likely to become mothers as teenagers, a bit more likely to go to college and earning more money at age 28.How does one figure out who is a weak teacher? Yes, that's a challenge. But researchers are improving systems to measure a teacher's performance throughout the year, and, with three years of data, ifs usually possible to tell which teachers are failing.Unfortunately, the union in Chicago is insisting that teachers who are laid off—often for being ineffective—should get priority in new hiring. That's an insult to students.Teaching is so important that it should be like other professions, with high pay and good working conditions but few job protections for bottom performers.This isn't a battle between garment workers and greedy bosses. The central figures in the Chicago schools strike are neither strikers nor managers but 350,000 children. Protectingthe union demand sacrifices those students, in effect turning a blind eye to the injustice in the education system.51. What do we learn about America's education system?A) It provides a ladder of opportunity for the wealthy.B) It contributes little to the elimination of inequality.C) It has remained basically unchanged for generations.D) It has brought up generations of responsible citizens.52. What is chiefly responsible for the undesirable performance of inner-city schools?A) Unqualified teachers. C) Unfavorable learning environment.B) Lack of financial resources. D) Subconscious racial discrimination.53. What does the author think the union should do to win popular support?A) Assist the city government in reforming schools. C) Demand higher pay for teachers.B) Give constructive advice to inner-city schools. D) Help teachers improve teaching.54. What is the finding of the gold standard study by Harvard and Columbia University scholars?A) Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs.B) A large proportion of inner-city children often miss classes.C) Many students are dissatisfied with their teachers.D) Student performance has a lot to do with teachers.55. Why does the author say the Chicago unions demand is an insult to students?A) It protects incompetent teachers at the expense of students.B) It underestimates students, ability to tell good teachersfrom poor ones.C) It makes students feel that they are discriminated against in many ways.D) It totally ignores students，initiative in the learning process.翻译Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.旗袍(qipao)是一种雅致的中国服装，源于中国的满族(Manchu Nationality)。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题仔细阅读译文及详细解析(卷二)

2018年6月大学英语六级真题仔细阅读译文及详细解析(卷二)It'XXX with no simple answer。

On the one hand。

global poverty rates have XXX decades。

and many countries have XXX economic growth。

On the other hand。

e inequality has increasedin many places。

and there are still ns of people living in poverty.One way to measure overall economic well-being is to look at GDP per capita。

which is the total value of goods and services XXX measure。

many countries have XXX over the past decade。

For example。

China's GDP per capita has more than tripled since 2008.and India's has more than XXX。

XXX is better off。

In fact。

e inequality has increased in both China and India。

meaning that the benefits of economic growth have been XXX.Another way to measure economic well-being is to look at median household e。

which is the e of the household right in the middle of the e n。

六级英语阅读理解及翻译

一The direct raya of the sun touch the equator and strike northward toward the Tropic of Cancer. In the Southern hemisphere winter has begun, and it is summer north of the equator. The sea and air grow warmer; the polar air of winter begins its gradual retreat.The northward shift of the sun also brings the season of tropical cyclones to the northern hemisphere, a season that is ending for the Pacific and India Oceans south of the equator. Along our coasts and those of Asia. it is time to look seaward. to guard against the season's storms. Over the Pacific, the tropical cyclone season is never quite over. but varies in intensity. Every year. conditions east of the Philippines send a score of violent storms howling toward Asia, but it is worst from June through October. Southwest of Mexico. a few Pacific hurricanes will grow during spring and summer. but most will die at sea or perish over the desert or the lower California coast as squalls.Along our Atlantic and Gulf coasts. the hurricane season is from June to November. In an average year, there are fewer than ten tropical cyclones and six of them will develop into hurricanes. These will kill 50 to 100 persons between Texas and Maine and cause property damage of more than $100 million. If the year is worse than average, we will suffer several hundred deaths,and property damage will run to billions of dollars.Tornadoes, floods, and severe storms are in season elsewhere on the continent. Now, to these destructive forces must be added the hazard of the hurricane. From the National Hurricane Center in Miami. a radar fence reaches westward to Texas and northward to New England. It provides a 200-mile look into offshore disturbances. In Maryland. che giant computers of the National Meteorological Center digest the myriad bits of data-atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, surface winds. and winds aloft-received from weather stations and ships monitoring the atmospheric setting each hour, every day. Cloud photographs from spacecraft orbiting the earth are received in Maryland and are studied for che telltale spiral on the warming sea. The crew of United States aircraft over the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, and Atlantic watch the sky and wait for the storm that will bear a person's name. The machinery of early warning vibrates with new urgency as the season of great storms begins.测试题cyclone season of the Southern hemisphere__________________.A) is brought by the polar air of winterB) ends when winter comes to the Southern hemisphereC) virtually lasts throughout the yearD) begins when the sun rays strike the Tropic of Canceris true about the storms howling towards AsiaA) They originate over the Pacific.B) They influence Southeast Asia most violently.C) They mainly grow during spring and summer.D) They usually perish off coast.the Pacific hurricanes reach the lower California. most of them will_____________.A) reduce their intensity B) increase their intensityC) cause much property damage D) result in great rain and floodscan we leam about the National Hurricane Center in MiamiA) It mainly provides protection against hurricanes to Texas and New England.B) It warns the whole country against tornadoes, severe storms and hurricanes.C) It consists of radars along the coast of the west and the north of .D) It supervises the coastal areas stretching from Texas to New England.passage discusses most clearly about_______________.A) the factors that cause hurricanesB) the most risky areas that suffer hurricanesC) the early warning system against hurricanesD) the remedies for property damage by hurricanes答案详解1.南半球的热带气旋季节_________________。

英语六级阅读理解精练参考答案及译文.doc

英语六级阅读理解精练参考答案及译文在英语学习过程中，阅读理解能力是学习者发展语言能力的基础和手段。

国内的各类英语考试中几乎都有阅读理解题型，大学英语六级考试也不例外。

大学英语六级阅读理解试题是试卷中分值最重的题型，为了提高大家的阅读水平，下面是我为大家带来，希望对大家的学习有所帮助!英语六级阅读理解精练：爱因斯坦轶事He was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known, yet if I had to convey theessence 2 of Albert Einstein in a single word, I would choose simplicity. Perhaps an anecdote3 will help. Once, caught in a downpour, he took off his hat and held it under his coat. Askedwhy, he explained, with admirable logic , that the rain would damage the hat, but his hairwould be none the worse4 for its wetting. This knack for going instinctively to the heart of amatter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries — this and his extraordinary feelingfor beauty.I first met Albert Einstein in 1935 , at the famous Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. 5 He had been among the first to be invited to the Institute, and was offered carte blanche6as to salary. To the directors dismay, Einstein askedfor an impossible sum: it was far toosmall. The director had to plead with him to accept a larger salary.I was in awe of7 Einstein, and hesitated before approaching him about some ideas I had beenworking on. When I finally knocked on his door, a gentle voice said, "Come "—with a risinginflection that made the single word both a welcome and a question. I entered his office andfound him seated at a table, calculating and smoking his pipe. Dressed in ill-fitting clothes, hishair characteristically awry8 , he smiled a warm welcome . His utter naturalness at once set meat ease.As I began to explain my ideas, he asked me to write the equations on the blackboard so hecould see how they developed. Then came the staggering — and altogether endearing —request:"Please go slowly. I do not understand things quickly. "This from Einstein! He said itgently, and I laughed. From then on, all vestiges of fear were gone.阅读自测Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks with proper words of the passage:1. If I have to describe Albert Einstein in a single word,I would choose_______ ( 单纯) .2. Caught in a_______ ( 倾盆大雨) , I have got a bad cough.3. In the hometown of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, there are many_______ ( 轶事) about him.4. To my _______ ( 沮丧) , my father doesnt buy me the WalkmanI like best. 5. Helen Kelleris so strong-minded a person that I am _______ ( 敬畏) her.Ⅱ. Questions :After reading this passage , do you have a new understanding of this famous person, AlbertEinstein? If yes, then what is it?参考答案Ⅰ. 1. simplicity 2. downpour 3. anecdotes 4. dismay 5 . in awe of Ⅱ. Yes, I have a newunderstanding of him. I find he is not only a great scientist but also a simple man. He is politeand kind to the young people. Also he is a little humorous.参考译文爱因斯坦轶事阿尔伯特爱因斯坦是世界上最伟大的科学家之一, 然而如果要用一个词来形容他的话, 那就是单纯。

六级仔细阅读理解逐句翻译

2006年12月一、In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body's system for reacting to things that can harm us -- the so-called fight-or-flight response. "从纯生物角度来说，恐惧始于人体系统对会伤害我们的事情的反应----即所谓的“战斗或逃脱”反应。

An animal that can't detect danger can't stay alive," says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for about potential threats.“不能觉察到危险的动物无法生存”Jeseph LeDoux。

像动物一样，人类进化过程中形成了一个精巧的机制，以处理潜在威胁的信息。

At its core is a cluster of neurons (神经元) deep in the brain known as the amygdala (扁桃核).该机制的核心是大脑内部的一束被称为扁桃核的神经元。

LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives.Ledoux研究了动物和人类对危险的反应方式，以理解我们对于生活中重要事件是如何形成记忆的。

The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories.扁桃核从大脑的很多部位中接受输入的信息，包括负责回收记忆的部位。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

像动物一样，人类进化过程中形成了一个精巧的机制，以处理潜在威胁的信息。

At its core is a cluster of neurons (神经元) deep in the brain known as the amygdala (扁桃核).该机制的核心是大脑内部的一束被称为扁桃核的神经元。

Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation - I think this charging dog wants to bite me - and triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body.使用该信息，扁桃核对情景进行分析---我觉得这只充满攻击性的狗想咬我---进而通过体内神经信号的辐射启动效应。

These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just to name three.这些信号产生与危险相似的信号：颤抖、流汗和快步逃跑，这仅是其中的三种反应。

This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know they're afraid.恐惧机制对所有动物的生存都是至关重要的，但是没有人敢肯定地说除了人以外，动物是否感受到了恐惧。

That is, as LeDoux says, "if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear."正如Ledoux所言：“如果你把该机制放进一个有知觉的大脑中，你就会有恐惧的感觉”Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events.Edward M.Hallowell说人类拥有回忆过去发生的不好事情的图像和预测未来的能力。

Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry.把这些高级思维过程与我们固有的危险探测系统结合在一起，你将会获得一个几乎是人类所共有的现象：担忧。

That's not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell, "When used properly, worry is an incredible device," he says.Hallowell说，这未必是件坏事。

“如果使用恰当，担忧式中难以置信的设计”他说。

After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action -- like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back.毕竟，稍许健康的担忧是未尝不可的，如果担忧可以带来建设性的行为----如让医生检查一下你背上奇怪的斑点。

Hallowell insists, though, that there's a right way to worry.但是Hallowell坚持认为，担忧存在着一种正确的模式。

"Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan," he says.“永远不要只是担忧，要获取事实，然后指定计划”他说。

Most of us have survived a recession, so we're familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump.我们中的大多数都有从衰退中熬过来的精力，所以我们都熟知度过低潮所需要的节约政策。

Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so it's been difficult to get facts about how we should respond.不幸的是，我们中仅有少数人有处理恐怖主义危险的经验，所以要获取我们应该如何应对的信息变得十分困难。

That's why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro (抗炭疽菌的药物) and buying gas masks.这就是为什么Hallowell认为在去年秋天的时候，人们向医生获取抗炭疽菌的药物和购买防毒面具并由此深陷于某种极度担忧中的行为是可以理解的。

二、Amitai Etzioni is not surprised by the latest headings about scheming corporate crooks (骗子). Amitai Etzioni并没有对最新的关于行骗团伙的阴谋的报纸标题感到惊奇。

As a visiting professor at the Harvard Business School in 1989, he ended his work there disgusted with his students’overwhelming lost for money.作为1989年哈佛大学商学院的访问学者，他在结束工作时对于他的学生对金钱的绝大欲望感到厌恶。

“They’re taught that profit is all that matters,”he says. “Many schools don’t even offer ethics (伦理学) courses at all.”“他们被教育金钱就是一切。

他说,“很对学校甚至不提供任何伦理学的课程。

”Etzioni expressed his frustration about the interests of his graduate students.Etzioni说他对他的研究生们的兴趣所在感到沮丧。

“By and large, I clearly had not found a way to help classes full of MBAs see that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self-interest.”He wrote at the time. Today he still takes the blame for not educating these “business-leaders-to-be.”“I really like I failed them,”he says. “If I was a better teacher maybe I could have reached them.”“很长时间，很明显我找不到一个方法让一个MBA班的学员认识生活不但是金钱，全力，名声和私立”他那时候写道。

现在她仍然自责当初没有好好教导这群“未来的商业领袖”“我真的觉得我让他们失望了”他说：“如果我当初是个更好的老师，或许就能够影响他们”Etzioni was a respected ethics expert when he arrived at Harvard.初到哈佛的时候，Etzioni是一位受人尊敬的伦理学专家。

He hoped his work at the university would give him insight into how questions of morality could be applied to places where self-interest flourished.他希望他在哈佛的工作可以帮他弄明白如何让道德问题应用于充满私立的地方。