复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题(附答案)
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to ______ the consequences.A．answer forB．run intoC．abide byD．step into正确答案：A解析：answer for是“对……负责”；B．run into是“陷入，碰到”；C．abide by是“遵守”；D．step into是“进入，走进”。
2．The wealth of a country should be measured ______ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.A．in line withB．in terms ofC．in regard toD．in case of正确答案：B解析：本题意为“衡量一个国家的财富，既要根据一个国家生产的物质又要根据该国人民的健康和幸福”。
in terms of的意思是“根据，按照”；in line with 的意思是“跟……一致，符合”；in regard to的意思是“关于”；in case of的意思是“假使……，万一……”。
3．I tried very hard to persuade him to join our groups but I met with flat ______ .A．disapprovalB．rejectionC．refusalD．decline正确答案：C解析：本题意为“我竭力劝他加入我们的团体，但遭到断然的拒绝”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：98
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Mississippi also upholds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm, hospitable people；balmy year-round weather and truly（）cuisine.问题1选项A.destructiveB.horribleC.amiableD.delectable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
destructive “破坏性的”；horrible “可怕的”；amiable “亲切的”；delectable “美味的”。
空格处用来修饰cuisine （烹饪）这个单词，前文是讲密西西比为什么这么出名，所以选项D符合题意。
2.单选题John glanced at Mary to see what she thought, but she remained（）.问题1选项A.manifestB.obnoxiousC.inscrutableD.obscene【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
manifest“明白的，清楚的”；obnoxious“讨厌的，可憎的”；inscrutable“神秘的，难以了解的，不能预测的”；obscene“猥亵的，淫秽的”。
句意：约翰瞥了一眼玛丽，想知道她在想什么，但是玛丽仍旧保持着神秘的样子。
选项C符合题意。
3.单选题Jean left Alice Springs on Monday morning with regret, and flew all day in a “Dragonfly”' aircraft; and it was a very instructive day for her. The machine did not go directly to Cloncurry, but flew to and for across the wastes of Central Australia, depositing small bags of mail at cattle stations and picking up cattle-men and travelers to drop them off after a hundred or a hundred and fifty miles. They landed eight or ten times in the course of the day, at places like Ammaroo and Hatches Creek and many other stations; at each place they would get out of the plane and drink a cup of tea and have a talk with the station manager or owner, and get back into the plane and go on their way. By the end of the day Jean Paget knew exactly what a cattle station looked like, and she was beginning to have a very good idea of what went on there.They got to Cloncurry in the evening, a fairly extensive town on a railway that ran eastward to the sea at Townsville. Here she was in Queensland, and she heard for the first time the slow deliberate speech of the Queensland that reminded her at once of her friend Joe Harman. She was driven into town in a very old open car and deposited at the Post Office Hotel; she got a bedroom but tea was over, and she had to go down the wide, dusty main street to a café for her evening meal. Cloncurry, she found, had none of the clean attractiveness of Alice Springs; it was a town which smelt of cattle, with wide streets through which to drive them down to the stockyard, many hotels, and a few shops. All the houses were of wood with red-painted iron roofs; the hotels had two floors, but very few of the other houses had more than one.She had to spend a day here, because the air service to Normanton and Willstown ran weekly on a Wednesday. She went out after breakfast while the air was still cool and walked in one direction up the huge main street for half a mile till she came to the end of the town, then came back and walked down it a quarter of a mile till she came to the other end. Then she went and had a look at the railway station, and, having seen the airfield, with that she had seen all there was to see in Cloncurry. She looked in at a shop that sold toys and newspapers, but they were sold out of all reading matter except a few books about dress-making; as the day was starting to warm up she went back to the hotel. She managed to borrow a copy of the Australian Women’s Weekly from the manageress of the hotel and took it to her room, and took off most of her clothes and lay down on her bed to sweat it out during the heat of the day. Most of the other citizens of Cloncurry seemed to be doing the same thing.She felt like moving again shortly before tea and had a shower, and went out to the café for an ice. Weighed down by the heavy meal of roast beef and plum-pudding that the Queenslanders call “tea” she sat in a foldin g chair for a little outside in the cool of the evening, and went to bed again at about eight o’clock. She was called before daybreak, and was out at the airfield with the first light.1.When Jean had to leave Alice Springs, she（）.2.How did Jean get some idea of Australian cattle station?3.Jean's main complaint about Cloncurry in comparison with Alice Springs, was（）.4.For her evening meal on the second day Jean had（）.5.Jean left Cloncurry（）.问题1选项A.wished she could have stayed lodgerB.regretted she had decided to flyC.wasn't looking forward to flying all dayD.wished it had not been a Monday morning问题2选项A.She learnt about them at first hand.B.She learnt about them from friends.C.She visited them weekly.D.She stayed on one for a week.问题3选项A.the width of the main streetB.the poor service at the hotelC.the poor-looking buildingsD.the smell of cows问题4选项A.only an ice-creamB.a lot of cooked foodC.some cold beerD.a cooling, but non-alcoholic drink问题5选项A.early on Wednesday morningte on Tuesday eveningC.after breakfast on TuesdayD.before breakfast on Tuesday【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:文章第一段第一句话提到Jean left Alice Springs on Monday morning with regret （琼在星期一早上带着遗憾离开了爱丽丝泉），所以选项B符合题意。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：92
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题This morning when she was walking in the street, a black car（） beside her.问题1选项A.drew outB.drew offC.drew downD.drew up【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。
draw out“取出，拟定，拉长”；draw off“撤退，转移”；draw down“引来，招致”；draw up“草拟，停住”。
句意：这个早上当她正走在街上的时候，一辆黑色的汽车停在她旁边。
选项D符合题意。
2.单选题The aim of making self-criticism for the mistake is to help us ______ so that we shall not repeat them later.问题1选项A.show offB.hold outC.measure upD.sober up【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。
show off“炫耀”；hold out“主张”；measure up“合格”；sober up“（使）清醒”。
句意：对错误进行自我批评是为了让我们更加清醒，不再重蹈覆辙。
选项D符合题意。
3.单选题They managed to（） the sound on TV every time the alleged victim's name was spoken.问题1选项A.deadenB.depriveC.punctuateD.rebuff【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
deaden“使减弱，隔阻”；deprive“剥夺，使丧失”；punctuate“加标点于”；rebuff“回绝”。
句意：每次说到受害者名字时，他们设法把电视机声音调小。
选项A符合题意。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：66
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Living with a roommate （）constraint on her —she couldn’t play her trumpet or have parties late at night.问题1选项A.imposedB.illustratedC.impressedD.left【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
impose“强加”，impose on 意为“强加于……”；illustrate“阐明，解释说明，图解”，后一般接动词by；impress“给予某人深刻印象”，impress on 意为“给……留下印象”；left“留下，离开”。
句意：和室友住在一起使她很拘束——她不能吹喇叭，也不能在深夜参加聚会。
选项A更符合语境，表示无形中施加的一种压力。
2.单选题We hadn’t met for nearly 20 years, but I recognized him _____ I saw him in the street.问题1选项A.the minute thatB.the minute whenC.at a time whenD.at a time that【答案】A【解析】考查 the minute that 句型。
句意：我们将近二十年没见过面了，但是当我在街上遇见他的那一刻我就认出了他。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题The child’s bad behavior is often more than a way of t rying to（）his mother’s attention away from his sister.问题1选项A.reflectB.catchC.deflectD.reduce【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
reflect “反映”；catch “赶上，抓住”；deflect “使转向；转移”；reduce “减少”。
复旦大学博士入学英语模拟试题附答案
复旦大学博士入学英语试题Part IV ocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions: Three are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰwith a single line through the center.1. Although it is only a small business, its _________ is surprisingly high.A. turn-upB. turn-overC. turn-aboutD. turn-out2. Unfortunately not all of us obtain our just _________ in this life.A. demandsB. gainsC. desertsD. wins3. That contract about which we had a disagreement last month, has now gone __________.A. throughB. downC. overD. around4. The _______ of two houses proved such a financial burden that they were forced to sell one.A. upsurgeB. upshotC. upturnD. upkeep5. _________ through the attic and see if you can find anything for the jumble sale.A. LeashB. RummageC. FlutterD. Scrape6. How about a glass of orange juice to________ your thirst.A. quashB. QuellC. QuenchD. quieten7. Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always ___________ her place.A. missingB. slippingC. botheringD. losing8. She was putting on her watch when the _________ broke and it fell to the ground.A. beltB. stringC. tieD. strap9. I washed this dress and the color_________.A. flowedB. escapedC. ranD. removed10. The recent economic crisis has brought about a _________ in world trade.A. sagB. tiltC. droopD. slump11. Although we decorated the room only six months ago, the paint on the ceiling is already _________ because of the damp.A. crumblingB. flakingC. disintegratingD. splintering12. The false banknotes fooled many people, but they did not _________ to close examination.A. put upB. keep upC. stand upD. look up13. They were making enough noise at the party to wake the ___________.A. deadB. livingC. lunaticD. crippled14. If you would like to send a donation, you can ________a cheque to the organization Feed the Children.A. make upB. make forC. make outD. make off15. The students visited the museum and spent several hours with the________, who was very helpful.A. curatorB. bursarC. commissionerD. steward16. The accused man was able to prove his innocence at the trial and was __________.A. absolvedB. acquittedC. pardonedD. executed17. Mary was extremely lucky: when her great-uncle died, she __________ a fortune.A. came byB. came overC. came intoD. came through18. The drunken couple did nothing to keep the flat clean and tidy and lived in the utmost __________.A. decayB. contaminationC. squalorD. confinement19. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _________ slightly in the afternoon.A. recoveredB. recuperatedC. retrievedD. regained20. He tries to __________ himself with everyone by paying them compliments.A. pleaseB. ingratiateC. placateD. remunerate21. I was afraid to open the door lest the beggar _________ me.A. followedB. were to followC. followD. would follow22. By the end of the day the flood water which had covered most of the town had __________.A. reversedB. retiredC. returnedD. receded23. Educational policies made _________ the hoof by successive secretaries of state are the main reason for low teacher morale.A. inB. onC. byD. along24. It was obvious that he had been drinking far too much from the way he came_________ down the street.A. toddlingB. hobblingC. lopingD. staggering25. He was a generous friend but as a businessman he __________ a hard bargain.A. dealtB. contractedC. droveD. faked26. My friend’s son, who is a soldier, was delighted when he was __________ only a few miles from home.A. placedB. stationedC. deportedD. exorcized27. In a coal-mining area, the land tends to __________causing damage to roads and buildings.A. subsideB. diminishC. confiscateD. cede28. As the cat lay asleep, dreaming, whiskers __________.A. twitchedB. twistedC. jerkedD. jogged29. The total __________ from last month’s charity dance were far more than expected.A. earningsB. acquisitionsC. proceedsD. subsidies30. The new manager had many difficulties to overcome but he __________them all in his stride.A. overlookedB. obtainedC. tackledD. tookPart IIReading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.Passage oneResale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies. This practice is associated with the sale of “branded” goods, which now form a very considerable proportion of consumers’ purchases, and it has led to a great deal of controversy.Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufacturers, who try to create a special ‘image’ in the minds of possible purchasers—an image made up of the look of the article, its use, its price, and everything else which might lead purchasers to ask for that brand rather than any other. If a retailer is allowed to charge any price he likes he may find it worthwhile to sell one brand at ‘cut’ prices even though this involves a loss, because he hopes to attract customers to the shop, where they may be persuaded to buy many other types of goods at higher prices. The manufacturer of the brand that has been ‘cut’ fears that the retailer may be tempted to reduce the services on this article; but, even if he does not there is a danger that the customer becomes unsettled, and is unwilling to pay the ‘standard’ price of the article because he feels that he is being ‘done’. This may, and indeed often does, affect the reputation of the manufacturer and lose him his market in the long run.It is sometimes said also that the housewife—who is the principal buyer of most of these goods—prefers a fixed price because she knows where she is and is saved the bother of goingfrom shop to shop in search of lower prices. If one shop cut all the prices of its branded goods she would undoubtedly have an advantage in shopping there. But this does not happen. A store usually lowers the price of one or two of its articles which act as a decoy and makes up its losses on others, and changes the cut-price articles from week to week so as to attract different groups of customers. And so the housewife may feel rather guilty if she does not spend time tracking down the cheaper goods. How far this is true is a matter of temperament and it is impossible to estimate what proportion of purchasers prefer a price that they can rely on wherever they choose to buy and what proportion enjoy the challenge involved in finding the store that offers them a bargain.Those who oppose Resale Price Maintenance on the other hand, point out that there are now a great many different channels of distribution—chain stores, department stores, co-operative stores, independent or unit shops, supermarkets, mail-order houses, and so on. It would be absurd to assume that all of them have exactly the same costs to meet in stocking and selling their goods, so why should they all sell at the same price? If they were allowed to choose for themselves, the more efficient retailers would sell at lower prices and consumers would benefit. As it is, the retail price must be sufficient to cover the costs of the less efficient avenues of distribution and this means the others make a bigger profit than necessary at the expense of the public. The supporters of the fixed price argue that this is only half the story. Theefficient trader can still compete without lowering his prices. He can offer better service—long credit, or quick delivery or a pleasant shop decor or helpful assistants—and can do this without imperiling the long-term interests of the manufacturer.31. Manufactures oppose retailers cutting prices on their goods mainly because they think __________.A. retailers may eventually stop selling their productsB. it may reduce customers’ confidence in their productsC. customers may feel uneasy when prices varyD. it may sometimes lead to poor service32 Supporters of the fixed price hold that an efficient trader can still make money without lowering prices by __________.A. allowing customers time to payB. hiring assistants for long hours and low wagesC. advertising much more effectivelyD. establishing long-term relations with manufactures33. By saying “He feels that he is being ‘done’”, the author means that customer thinks__________.A. someone is despising himB. someone is maltreating himC. someone is blackmailing himD. someone is cheating him34. “Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. Good service other than price is important in attracting customers.B. An article without a brand name is not subject to Resale Price Maintenance.C. Manufactures attempt to influence possible purchasers by making their products easy to identify.D. Housewives prefer fixed prices because fixed prices are much less likely to fluctuate35. The sentence “She knows where she is” in the third paragraph can be paraphrased as “__________”.A. She knows her placeB. She knows her stuffC. She feels secureD. She feels intoxicatedPassage twoHe built a hut on a piece of rough land near a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In time Melio (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf.His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana Indians who, for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio. Their Chief never looked closely at Melioand said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail. The parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream. It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water. They showed him how to bunt by laying traps and digging. In time Melio’s piece of land became a regular farm. He had wild birds, fat long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corn and salted fish was enough to keep him stocked up through the wet season.The Parakanas were always around him. He’d never admit it but he could feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison; they were watching him. It was as if he was there by courtesy of the Chief. When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves. They had a delicate way of behaving. They showed themselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearing’s edge. He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them. Then they had a curious but charming habit of taking a pace back from him, just one odd step backwards into their green corridors. Melio never could persuade them to come any closer.The group guessed at Melio’s hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away. They knew Melio would never invite any more white men up here. This pleased the Parakanas. It meant that traders looking for robber and jewels would never reach them. Their Melio would see to that. They were safe with this man and his hatred.36. It is known from the passage that Melio wanted the forest around him to become thick because the dense leaves __________.A. reminded him of his house in the town far awayB. prevented the Parakanas from watching himC. helped him to forget the world he hatedD. protected him from being intruded by the white men in the town37. The Chief’s comparison of Melio to a snake is intended to show that __________.A. he did not trust MelioB. it was unwise to go too close to MelioC. he believed Melio hated the ParakanasD. he thought Melio was out of his mind38. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Melio stayed on his farm for a number of years.B. Melio felt like a prisoner because he couldn’t escape being watched.C. Melio kept himself alive, during the rainy season by eating what he had in store.D. The Parakanas thought Melio lived there because he was looking for rubber and jewels.39. To Melio, the Parakana Indians seemed __________.A. odd but hatefulB. strange but attractiveC. unhealthy but friendlyD. cowardly but sociable40. It can be concluded from the passage that the place described by the author was __________.A. far removed from civilizationB. impossible to cultivateC. the home of Melio’s Indian relativesD. wet all the year roundPassage threeWhen he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay but past the stretch of rock that was between it and the seashore, he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother. There she was, a little yellow dot under an umbrella that looked like a piece of orange-skin. He swam back to shore, relieved at being sure she was there, but all at once very lonely.On the other side of the bay was a loose scattering of rocks. Above them, some boys were stripping off their clothes. They came running, their bodies bare, down to the rocks. Jerry swam towards them, and kept his distance a little way off. They were off that coast, all of them burned smooth dark brown, and speaking a language he did not understand. To be with them, of them, was a feeling that filled his whole body. He swam a little closer; they turned and watched him with narrowed, attentive dark eyes. Then one smiled and waved. It was enough. In a minute he had swum in and was on the rocks beside them, smiling with extreme nervousness. They shouted cheerful greetings at him, and then, as he preserved his nervous, puzzled smile, they understood that he was a foreigner who had wandered from his own part of the sands, and they promptly forgot him. But he was happy. He was with them.They began diving again and again from a high point into a well of blue sea between rough, pointed rocks. After they had dived and come up, they swam round, pulled themselves up, and waited their turn to dive again. They were big boys-men to Jerry. He dived, and they watched him, and when he swam round to take his place, they made way for him. He felt he was accepted and he dived again carefully proud of himself.Soon the biggest of the boys balanced himself, shot down into the water, and did not come up. The others stood about watching. Jerry, after waiting for the smooth brown head to appear, let out a cry of warning; they looked at him idly and turned their eyes back towards the water. After a long time, the boy came up on the other side of a big dark rock, letting the air escape suddenly from his lungs with much coughing and spitting, and giving a shout of satisfaction, immediately, the rest of them dived in. One moment the morning seemed full of boys as noisy as a crowd of monkeys; the next, the air and the surface of the water were empty. But through the heavy blue, dark shapes could be seen moving and searching.Jerry dived, shot past the school of underwater swimmers, saw a black wall of rocktowering over him, touched it, and shop up at once to the surface, where the rock formed a low wall he could see across. There was no one in sight; under him, in the water, the shadowy shapes of the swimmers had disappeared. Then one and then another of the boys came up on the far side of the wall of rock, and he understood that they had swum through some gap or hole in it. He dived down again. He could see nothing through the stinging salt water but the solid rock. When he came up, the boys were all on the diving rock, preparing to attempt the trick again. And now, overcome with a sense of failure, he shouted up in English: “Look at me! Look!” and he began splashing and kicking in the water like a foolish dog.41. It can be concluded from the passage that __________.A. Jerry was not a good swimmerB. Jerry failed to gain acceptance by the other boysC. Jerry was on holiday abroadD. Jerry was not on good terms with his mother42. The word “bare” in Paragraph 2 means__________.A. in disguiseC. in the gutterB. in the limelightD. in the raw43. At the beginning, Jerry was swimming__________.A. into the little bayB. too far out to see his motherC. near to the group of boysD. further out to see than the rock44. What happened to the biggest boy?A. He had been trying to stay under water as long as possible.B. He had swum through a hole in the rock under the water.C. He had been trying to do the highest dive.D. He had played a trick on Jerry.45. Jerry splashed and kicked in the water because_________.A. he was pretending to be drowningB. he wanted to amuse all the other boysC. he hadn’t been able to do what the other boys had doneD. he wanted the other boys to listen to what he was sayingPassage fourPeter Sellers wouldn’t be allowed his career today. All those funny racial stereotypes—the caricatured frogs, wops, yids and goodness-gracious-me Pakis—are in clear breach of the codes of political correctness.His lewd disguises and overdone accents belong with black-and-white minstrel shows and clog-dancing—it’s the comedy of yesteryear.Have you tried listening to The Goon Show lately? It is a reworking of The Gang Show, excruciatingly bad and dated, and full of explosions, gunfire and jokes about Hitler and the War.Nonetheless, Sellers continue to obsess people. He’s already been the subject of biographies galore, including, back in 1994, a 1,200-page magnum opus by myself, which is now being turned into a biopic starring Geoffrey Rush.The appeal lies in the mythic dimensions of Sellers’ story. He had everything and it wasn’t enough. He was a comedian with a tragic inability to enjoy life. He was world-famous and desperately lonely. At the weight of his fame, as Inspector Clouseau, his eccentricity tipped over the edge into genuine insanity. He was a basket case.This is irresistible material. Sellers’ subversive and immoderate behaviour puts him in a class of his own. Picture my disappointment with Ed Sikov’s tome, therefore. Here’s a thick book that tells us nothing new.For newcomers to Sellers, however, Mr. Strangelove is a perfect digest of the man’s life and work, briskly told. Sellers was descended from a family of bare-knuckle East End prize-fighters, although his parents were music hall entertainers. His clinging whining mother, Peg, was a quick-change artiste and his father, Bill, was a ukulele player and soft-shoe-shuffle merchant.The young Peter was raised in the ghostly, twilight world of shabby theatres and end-of-the-pier revues: dog acts, acrobatic midgets, incompetent conjurors and gypsy violinists. To go from these origins and become as big as The Beatles, as he was in the Sixties, is an amazing feat.Sellers spent the Second World War in the Air Force, impersonating officers and playing the drums to entertain the troops. When he was demobbed he worked in holiday camps and began getting spots on radio, culminating in The Goon Show. He dubbed the voices of Churchill and Humphrey Bogart on film soundtracks, and it was while hanging about the studios that he was offered walk-on roles.His breakthrough came with the part of a teddy boy in The Ladykillers, a film that improves with each viewing. This led to the role of Fred Kite, the shaven-headed, belligerent shop steward in I’m All Right, Jack which won him a British Academy Best Actor statuette. When Peter Ustinov dropped out of The Pink Panther on a Friday, Sellers flew to the set in Rome on Monday to replace him. The rest is history.Or notoriety. Sellers’ descent into madness was swift. He got rid of his wife and children and chased after Britt Ekland, whom he pounced on in The Dorchester and married ten days later. He took drugs to enhance his potency, and this precipitated a heart attack. Having worked on Dr Strangelove during the day, each evening he locked himself in the bathroom and threatened to commit suicide. Bryan Forbes and Nanette Newman had to come over and talk to him trough the door. He then decided he wanted to marry Nanette. He also wanted to marry Sophia Loren, PrincessMargaret and Liza Minnelli.His misbehavior and unprofessionalism cost film studios millions of dollars. Sets had to be repainted and costumes remade if they were purple or green-colors of which he was morbidly superstitious.He enjoyed messing about during filming and blowing his lines; he pulled guns on people. He walked off Casino Royale and was discovered in Britt Ekland’s mother’s house in Sweden. Meanwhile, Orson Welles and the rest of the cast were in full make-up and on full pay back at Pinewood, waiting for him to reappear.Sellers was happy only in the company of his gadgets, cameras and fast cars, which he’d replace or abandon with manic frequency. At one of his weddings, the maids of honor were the bride’s dogs. He was also selfish in the extreme: when his relationships broke up, he’d send his henchmen round to retrieve his gifts.46. People are still obsessed with Peter Sellers because___________.A. he was a geniusB. he was as big as The BeatlesC. his life was full of drama and contradictionD. he led a very austere life47. By saying “He was a basket case”, the author means that Peter Sellers was___________.A. handicappedB. derangedC. impetuousD. callous48. According to the passage, Peter Sellers took drugs to improve___________.A. his theatrical performanceB. his breathtaking performanceC. his walk-on roles on the stageD. his performance sexually49. The “galore” in paragraph 4 means ___________.A. numerousB. anecdotalC. criticalD. unauthorized50. Peter Sellers can be described as__________.A. unpredictable but generousB. talented but unstableC. sane but selfishD. eccentric but reliablePaper TwoPart ⅢCloze (10%)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.One of the major differences between man and his closest living relative is, of course, that the chimpanzee has not developed the power of speech. Even the most intensive efforts to teach young chimps to talk have met with51no success. Verbal language represents a truly gigantic step forward in man’s52.Chimpanzees do have a wide range of calls, and these certainly serve to convey some types of information. When a chimp finds good food he utters loud barks; other chimps53the vicinity instantly become aware of the food source and hurry to join in. An attacked chimpanzee screams and this may alert his mother or a friend, either of54may hurry to his aid. A chimpanzee confronted with an alarming and potentially dangerous situation utters his spine-chilling wraaaa-again, other chimps may hurry to the spot to see what is happening. A male chimpanzee, about to enter a valley or charge toward a food source, utters his pant-hoots and other individuals realize that another member of the group is arriving and can identify55one. To our human56each chimpanzee is characterized more by his pant-hoots than by any other type of call. This is significant since the pant-hoot in particular is the call that serves tomaintain contact, between the separated groups of the community. Yet the chimps57can certainly recognize individuals by other calls; for instance a mother knows the scream of her offspring. Probably a chimpanzee can recognize the calls of most of his acquaintances.While chimpanzee calls58serve to convey basic information about some situations and individuals, they cannot for the most part be compared59a spoken language. Man by means of words can communicate abstract ideas; he can benefit from the experiences of others60having to be present at the time; he can make intelligent cooperative plans.Part ⅣTranslation (20%)Directions: Put the following passage into English.人类是一个不断的自然的进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的过程自45亿年前地球形成以来一直未曾间断过。
复旦大学考博英语1
[模拟] 复旦大学考博英语1Part ⅠVocabulary Directions: There are 30 incompete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.第1题：Tom ran from the house in a terrible rage, his arms ( )in the air.A.overridingB.flailingC.overactingD.forsaking参考答案：B答案解析：flail“用力地挥动或摆动”与题意相符。
override比其他一切更重要；overact 过度，过分，(把剧中角色等)演得过火；forsake舍弃，背弃，革除(旧风习等)，抛弃(坏习惯)。
第2题：They have been arrested as suspected drug( ).A.abortionB.vectorC.uraniumD.traffickers参考答案：D答案解析：drug trafficker毒品走私贩。
abortion流产，堕胎；vector[数]向量，矢量，带菌者；uranium铀。
第3题：She had a shy, retiring side to her personality that was completelyat odds with her public( ).A.personaB.tummyC.steppeD.rendezvous参考答案：A答案解析：public persona公众角色；tummy胃，腹痛；steppe特指西伯利亚一带没有树木的大草原；rendezvous集合点。
复旦大学考博英语模拟题1
11．复旦大学模拟试题Paper OnePartⅠVocabulary and Structure1. Tom ran from the house in a terrible rage, his arms ______in the air.A. overridingB. flailingC. overactingD. forsaking2. They have been arrested as suspected drug______.A. abortionB. vectorC. uraniumD. traffickers3. She had a shy, retiring side to her personality that was completely at odds with her public______.A. personaB. tummyC. steppeD. rendezvous4. Hong Kong was ______to Britain after the Opium War.A. congregatedB. castigatedC. cededD. exceeded5. Harry vacuum cleaners work entirely by______.A. suffrageB. suctionC. suedeD. subtlety6. The company has consistently denied responsibility, but it agreed to the settlement to avoid the expense of______.A. teeB. techC. llamaD. litigation7. English primrose need to be grown in rich damp soil with plenty of ______or compost worked into it.A. marijuanaB. manureC. maltD. mallet8. We spent the day ______through forests and over mountains.A. drudgingB. dribblingC. trekkingD. thumping9. The organization has so far raised $2.5 million to finance bone ______trans- plants for children.A. marrowB. moronC. musselD. mire10. Napoleon was ______at the battle of Waterloo in 1815.A. sublimatedB. interspersedC. vanquishedD. interposed11. Sarah ______articles to the New York Times from time to time.A. distributesB. issuesC. subscribesD. contributes12. The rain looked as though it had ______for the night.A. set offB. set inC. set outD. set up13. The physician had to visit his patient six ______days before the patient could be considered in a fair condition.A. consequentB. consecutiveC. consistentD. conservative14. A research worker might ______that the existence of such kind of disease is due to the pollution of the area.A. referB. inferC. conferD. prefer15. Old Mr. Brown's condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he willA. pull offB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out16. When the nurse took his temperature, it was three degrees above______.A. averageB. regularC. normalD. ordinary17. Processes in the human body are not in all respects exactly ______to those, that can be produced in the experimental animals.A. comparativeB. comparableC. competitiveD. compatible18. The doctor assured Susan that the pain would ______one hour after she took the medicine.A. wear outB. wear downC. wear awayD. wear on19. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes______, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.A. dimB. vainC. faintD. blank20. The best solution to the problem can only be found by a process of trail andA. mistakeB. errorC. successD. experiment21. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this ______produces artificial cold surrounding it.A. absorptionB. transitionC. consumptionD. interaction22. While some bacteria are beneficial, others are ______in that they cause disease.A. detrimentalB. prodigiousC. intrusiveD. mordant23. Measuring skin fold thickness is considered to be an_____ method for estimating the amount of fat on one's body.A. accessibleB. accountableC. acceptableD. adaptable24. The continuous unrest was ______the nation's economy.A. exaggeratingB. aggravatingC. amendingD. fastening25. All parts of this machine are______, so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.A. specializedB. standardizedC. minimizedD. modernized26. The failure of the experiment to produce the expected result should alone be ______to your carelessness.A. contributedB. ascribedC. distributedD. prescribed27. The economic development of that small country is to a considerable extent limited by the ______of raw materials and low consumption level.A. abundanceB. inflationC. deficiencyD. installment28. Susan made careful ______as to the kinds of cake and candy needed for her party.A. stimulationB. appreciationC. identificationD. specification29. If excellent work results in frequent pay increases or promotions, the workers will have greater ______to produce.A. incentiveB. initiativeC. instructionD. instinct30. Substances, whether in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state, possess______ which are independent of the force of cohesion.A. attributesB. tendenciesC. elementsD. ingredientsPart ⅡReading Comprehension(1)One busy day, I was racing around trying to get too much done, and I exclaimed to my three kids in the car, "We can get both things done and kill two birds with one stone!" My daughter Annie quietly suggested, "You mean feed two birds with one crumb, Mom, don't you?" I stopped short, realizing how steeped my language is in the culture of war. I had used "weapon" language without even knowing it. I was embarrassed and yet felt a grace: if a child can become conscious of using a new language of peace, then there is hope.Think about the business language: strategies, bullets, high-caliber, power point; about win-lose sports language like "decimate", "attack", "destroy the other team", not to mention the movies and video games that simulate the most gruesome annihilations over and over. The lies of propaganda, one-sided media coverage, the alienation of others (those terrorists, the axis of evil), all part of the "collective psychic numbing" of our times. The biggest lie of all is that nuclear weapons are going to protect us. Nuclear weapons are an assault on our life, our planet, and on the Creator of the universe. It seems to afflict what our people could be as a result of the mess seeming too big to handle for the average person, disconnected and disempowered. When the world food programme for children equals 1/70th of the annual world military expense, we see what a crisis we are in.Yet it inspired hope with the life examples of Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa, Oscar Romero and others. Each spiritual leader lived the maxim, "no justice, no peace," nonviolently insisting on the truth, speaking truth to power without harming others or stripping their dignity. Imagine if we focused on this commonality, rather than what divides us; imagine if religions and religious leaders promulgated a global culture of peace and tolerance. We do not have to feel overwhelmed; that U. N. structures, NGO documents, UNESCO declarations, peoples' ideas for education exist already, that the internet is a rich source of counterculture information, connectedness and hope. Of what use is a vote or medical care in a war-torn society? A culture of war is like a house of cards; the house can fall and give rise, like the phoenix, to a new culture of peace. There are three fundamental ways to build a culture of peace: understand, participate, communicate. I'll bet our children can think of 50 more, going out and waging peace.31. How does the author feel about the current culture?A. Gratified.B. Ashamed.C. Indignant.D. Panicked.32. What can we learn from the second paragraph?A. The public is surrounded by various violence and lies.B. So far we are deeply immersed in the culture of war.C. Nuclear weapons are vivid expression of a culture of war.D. There is another arms race in someplace of the world.33. By saying "imagine if religions and religious leaders promulgated…tolerance." (Line 5, Para. 3) the author means ______.A. peace is the only way to achieve our human potentialB. peace is a human right and can not be deprived ofC. without peace, all other human rights are illusoryD. they should lead the faithful away from extremes34. The statement "A culture of war is like a house of cards" (Line 10, last paragraph) implies except______.A. a culture of war can be destroyedB. a culture of war is not safe and reliableC. a culture of war will lead to wars easilyD. a culture of war can regenerate35. From the passage we learn that the author is______.A. an enthusiast in world peaceB. a conscientious linguisticianC. a sympathizer with poor childrenD. a devotional Christian(2)There are some that would argue that hospitals are no place for dogs, while they are wrong. At least according to new research reported at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2005. For people hospitalized with advanced heart disease, it is better to have visitors than to lie quietly alone. But one type of visitor seems to be especially beneficial, researchers reported on Tuesday. That visitor is a dog. In the first controlled study of the effects of pet therapy in a random sample of acute and critically ill heart patients, anxiety as measured on a standard rating scale dropped 24 percent for those visited by a dog and a human volunteer, by 10 percent for those visited by a volunteer alone and not at all for those with no visitors. Similar resultswere found in measures of heart and lung function.The senior author of the Pet Therapy Study, Kathie M. Cole, said 76 patients with heart failure, a condition that affects an estimated five million Americans, were randomly assigned one of the three visit types. The dogs, from 12 breeds, were screened for behavior and disease before participating in the study. "Some patients in the first group," Ms. Cole said, "began to smile and immediately engaged in conversation with dog and volunteer." "Their worries seemed to vanish from their faces," she said. The researchers examined the patients three times: right before the 12-minute visit, eight minutes into it and four minutes after it was over.Besides the anxiety measurement, researchers found, patients' levels of epinephrine, a hormone the body makes when under stress, dropped 17 percent when visited by a person and a dog, and 2 percent when visited by only a person. Epinephrine levels rose an average of 7 percent in the unvisited group in the study, which was financed by the Pet Care Trust Foundation, a nonprofit group. Pressure in the heart's top left chamber dropped 10 percent after a visit by volunteer and dog. The same pressure rose 3 percent for those visited by a volunteer and 5 percent for the unvisited group. Pressure in the pulmonary artery dropped 5 percent during and after a visit by volunteer and dog, but rose in the other two groups. Ms. Cole recommended further studies to determine how long the benefits lasted. "Dogs are a great comfort," she said. "They make people happier, calmer and feel more loved. That is huge when you are scared and not feeling well."36. The sentence "Similar results were found…" (Last sentence, Para. 1) means______.A. the measurement of patient's heart and lung function drops when without visitorB. human volunteers only can't provide help for the patient's heart and lung functionC. patient's heart and lung work more effectively when visited by dog and volunteerD. none of the above37. How can we know the heart patient is feeling better according to the study?A. When the anxiety measurement doesn't change.B. When the patient's level of epinephrine drops.C. When he expresses feelings of being loved by visitors.D. When he shows the willingness to communicate with people.38. Which one is used by researchers to determine the benefit of having a dog visitor?A. Blood pressure measurement.B. Happiness measurement.C. Anxiety measurement.D. Heart rhythm measurement.39. To which of the following statements would Ms. Cole most likely agree?A. Involve pet therapy into normal cures.B. Feed pets in every family.C. Use the dogs in scientific research.D. Avoid patient's encounter with dogs.40. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?A. People should provide moderate places for dogs in the hospitals.B. The benefits of being with dogs for heart patients can't last long.C. Encountering dogs will cause the abnormal heart rate of patients.D. Study identifies that dog can be the heart patients' best friend.(3)Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called "knocking down" the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin "autic", meaning "increase". The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called "sub hasta", meaning "under the spear", a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold "by the candle"; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning.Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and works of art. The auction rooms at Chritie's and Sotheby's in London and New York are world famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a "lot", is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order; he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer's services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller wilt fix a "reserve" price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a "knock-out", whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices. If such a "knockout" comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers.41. The end of bidding is called "knocking down" because______.A. the auctioneer knocks on the table______.B. The auctioneer names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goodsC. the goods are knocked down onto the tableD. the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer42. In England a candle used to burn at auction sales______.A. because the auction sales took place at nightB. as a signal for the crowd to gatherC. to keep the auction room warmD. to limit the time when offers of prices could be made45. In the sentence "The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war," the word "spoils" most probablymeans______.A. useless goodsB. spearsC. various kinds of foodD. property taken from the enemy44. The auctioneer may decide to sell the "lots" out of order because______.A. he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB. he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC. he wants to keep certain people waitingD. he wants to reduce the number of buyers45. An auction catalogue gives buyers______.A. the current market values of the goodsB. details of the goods to be soldC. the order in which goods are to be soldD. free admission to the auction sale(4)It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bosses went down. Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss' job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top—and on the way up—executives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to "keep the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor's admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by "executive search firms", is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly mid each other's managerial ranks.46. We can infer from the second paragraph that______.A. promotion depends on amiabilityB. chief executives do not work hard enough at the top levelC. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinatesD. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry47. The term "aerobic exercise" is a kind of______.A. hallucination exerciseB. physical exerciseC. meditation exerciseD. entertainment48. From the last paragraph we can gather that______.A. there are too many aggressive executivesB. individual talent is not essential for a companyC. the job of an "executive search firms" is corporate head-huntingD. it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial ranks49. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a place where______.A. they can conduct their businessB. they can indulge themselvesC. they can cultivate their mindD. they can exercise as well as socialize50. What is NOT true according to the article?A. Executives tend to ignore doctor's advice and warnings.B. Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C. All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D. Executives are careful of what they eat.Paper TwoPart ⅢClozeDirections: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.The first farm animal Jack ever (51) from a stockyard was a lamb (52) Hilda. aam Sanctuary, 180 acres of vegan heaven in the Finger Lakes region of upstate New York. (53) , Jack was living in a school bus near a tofu factory in Pennsylvania and (54) hot dogs (55) support his animal (56) operation. Now, more than a thousand animals once (57) for the slaughterhouse live here and on another Farm Sanctuary property in California. Farm Sanctuary has a $ 5.7 million budget, fed (58) part by a donor club named (59) his (60) Hilda. Supporters can (61) or a Farm Sanctuary MasterCard. As Farm Sanctuary has grown, (62) too has its influence. Soon, due in part (63) the organization's work, veal calves and pregnant pigs in Arizona (64) be kept in cages so. tight they can' t (65) . Eggs from cage-free hens have become so popular that there is a national shortage. A law in Chicago (66) the sale of foie gras.All of these developments reflect the maturation and sophistication of Jack and others in a network of animal activists who have more control (67) America's dinner table than (68) before. The gap (69) animal lovers and animal lovers who love to eat them is exactly (70) Jack, a man who eats noodles with margarine, soy sauce and brewer's yeast would like to close.51. A. killed B. rescued C. bought D. sold52. A. be named B. naming C. was named D. named53. A. Since then B. But then C. Before then D. Till then54. A. eating B. banning C. selling D. recycling55. A. for B. to C. in order D. so as56. A. rescue B. protect C. heal D. ransom57. A. decided B. sentenced C. sold D. destined58. A. by B. in C. of D. with59. A. before B. after C. with D. for60. A. loving B. loved C. beloved D. lovely61. A. sign in B. sign up C. sign over D. sign off62. A. only B. therefore C. but D. so63. A. of B. for C. from D. to64. A. can't B. will C. won't D. ought to65. A. turn back B. turn around C. turn over D. turn out66. A. forbids B. bans C. denies D. rejects67. A. over B. on C. about D. by68. A. ever B. long C. over D. as69. A. with B. between C. separating D. combining70. A. what B. that C. which D. forPart IV TranslationSection ADirections: Put the following passage into Chinese.As an anthropologist, I was skeptical about the ability to define and select intangible cultural treasures and address the many questions that could be raised about the concept. But one could take heart that in the age of globalization, local cultureshave survived, and sometimes even flourished. One would appreciate that in an age of constant innovation, tradition had some lasting value. The power and tenacity of the selected traditions and their practitioners was palpable. One can only hope that with local, national, and now international action plans in place, they will continue to inspire future generations.Section BDirections: Put the following passage into English.大多专家同意贫困国家技术工人的大批离去是有其深刻的经济、社会和政治原因的。
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析)
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷15(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other_____.A．bruisesB．blundersC．handicapsD．drawbacks正确答案：D解析：空格意思是：很多纯金属因为太软，易生锈，或有其他的缺陷而无法使用。
各项的意思是：bruises“瘀伤，擦伤”；blunders“大错，失误”；handicaps “妨碍，使不利，阻碍”；drawbacks“缺点，障碍”。
2．Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was_____in tropic countries.A．prospectiveB．prevalentC．provocativeD．perpetual正确答案：B解析：空格意思是：一些研究证实，在热带国家这种眼疾很普遍。
各项的意思是：prospective“预期的”；prevalent“普遍的，流行”；provocative“煽动的，挑衅的”；perpetual“永久的，不断的”。
3．After several nuclear disasters, a_____has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.A．quarrelB．suspicionC．verdictD．controversy正确答案：D解析：空格意思是：经过多次核灾难后，展开了一场关于核能源安全性的辩论。
复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析(精)讲课稿
复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析(精)复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析In1939two brothers,Mac and Dick McDonald,started a drive-inrestaurant in San Bernadino,California.They carefully chose a busycorner for their location.They had run their own businesses for years,first a theater,then a barbecue(烤肉restaurant,and then anotherdrive-in.But in their new operation,they offered a new,shortenedmenu:French fries,hamburgers,and sodas.To this small selectionthey added one new concept:quick service,no waiters or waitresses,and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents.Cheese was another fourcents.Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity,for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparationof their food,and they insisted on their cooks'sticking to theirroutine.Their new drive-in became incredibly popular,particularlyfor lunch.People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime.The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers hadallowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened.They were contentwith this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc.Geng duo yuan xiaowan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guomian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huojia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in1954,whenhe was selling milk shake-mixing machines.He quickly saw the uniqueappeal of the brothers'fast-food restaurants and bought the rightto franchise(特许经营other copies of their restaurants.The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu.The equipment,even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门.Today McDonald's is really a household name.Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers.In 1976,McDonald's had over$1billion in total sales.Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.1.This passage mainly talks about.Athe development of fast food servicesBhow McDonald's became a billion-dollar businessCthe business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldDRay Kroc's business talent2.Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except.Aa drive-inBa cinemaCa theaterDa barbecue restaurant3.We may infer from this passage that.AMac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to KrocBThe location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-inCForty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurantsDRay Kroc was a good businessman4.The passage suggests that.Acreativity is an important element of business successBRay Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothersCMac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc DCalifornia is the best place to go into business5.As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph,the worduniquemeans. AspecialBfinancialCattractiveDpeculiarPassage11.C2.B3.D4.A5.D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析
复旦大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析Flatfish,such as the flounder,are among the few vertebrates thatlack approximate bilateral symmetry(symmetry in which structures tothe left and right of the body’s midline are mirror images).Moststriking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish iseye placement:before maturity one eye migrates,so that in an adultflatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.While in mostspecies with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi asymmetry,membersof the starry flounder species can be either left-eyed(both eyes onthe left side of head)or right-eyed.In the waters between the UnitedStates and Japan,the starry flounder populations vary from about50percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast,through about70percent left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan,tonearly100percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast.Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certaingeographic range a“cline”and interpret clines as strongindications that the variation is adaptive,a response toenvironmental differences.For the starry flounder thisinterpretation implies that a geometric difference(between fish thatare mirror images of one another)is adaptive,that left-eyedness inthe Japanese starry flounder has been selected for,which provokesa perplexing question:what is the selective advantage in having botheyes on one side rather than on the other?The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy,especially the optic nerves,for the answer. In all flatfish the optic nerves cross,so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain’s left side and vice versa.This crossing introduces an asymmetry,as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other.G.H.Parker reasoned that if,for example,a flatfish’s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top,there would be a twisting of nerves,which might be mechanically disadvantageous. For starry flounders,then,the left-eyed variety would be selected against,since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed,and natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation.As other explanations proved equally untenable,biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness,and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic. This situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral.As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference,however striking,appears to be an evolutionary red herring.1.According to the text,starry flounder differ form most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder[A]are not basically bilaterally symmetric.[B]do not become asymmetric until adulthood.[C]do not all share the same asymmetry.[D]have both eyes on the same side of the head.2.Which of the following best describes the organization of the text as a whole?[A]A phenomenon is described and an interpretation presented and rejected.[B]A generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.[C]A contradiction is noted and a resolution is suggested and then modified.[D]A series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.3.The text supplies information for answering which of the following questions?[A]Why are Japanese starry flounder mostly left-eyed?[B]Why should the eye-sidedness in starry flounder be considered selectively neutral?[C]Why have biologists recently become interested in whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral?[D]How do the eyes in flatfish migrate?4.Which of the following is most clearly similar to a cline as it is described in the second paragraph of the text?[A]A vegetable market in which the various items are grouped according to place of origin.[B]A wheat field in which different varieties of wheat are planted to yield a crop that will bring the maximum profit.[C]A flower stall in which the various species of flowers are arranged according to their price.[D]A housing development in which the length of the front struts supporting the porch of each house increases as houses are built up the hill.5.Which of the following phrases from the text best expresses the author’s conclusion about the meaning of the difference between left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish?[A]“Most striking”(line3,paragraph1)[B]“variation is adaptive”(line2,paragraph2)[C]“mechanically disadvantageous”(line7,paragraph3)[D]“evolutionary red herring”(line9,paragraph4)[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷5(题后含答案及解析)
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷5(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．I’d_______his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A．take into accountB．account forC．make up forD．make out正确答案：A解析：四选项的意思分别是：A．“把……考虑在内”；B．“说明……发生的原因”；C．“弥补，补偿”；D．“书写；拼凑；说明；理解；辨认出”。
2．He was_______when he heard the unexpected news, but I finally convinced him.A．incredibleB．inevitableC．incredulousD．indifferent正确答案：C解析：本题意为“当他听到这个意外的消息时很怀疑，但是我最终还是说服了他(相信这个意外的消息)”。
据此推断前面应该填表示“怀疑的”单词。
incredulous的意思是“怀疑的，不轻信的”，如：incredulous about ghosts(不信鬼)。
其他三项“incredible难以置信的；inevitable无法避免的；indif-ferent冷漠的”都与题意不符，因此正确答案为C。
3．We had a marvelous holiday. Only the last two days were slightly________by weather.A．damagedB．enhancedC．spoiledD．diminished正确答案：C解析：本题意为“我们的假期非常愉快，只是最后两天因为天气的缘故，玩得不很尽兴”。
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷14(题后含答案及解析)
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷14(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．The judge remained sober despite the lawyer’s ludicrous attempt to prove the defendant’s innocence.A．sadB．sorryC．seriousD．surprised正确答案：C解析：本题中，sober的意思是“冷静的，镇定的”。
C项serious“严肃的，认真的”符合题意，如：This is a serious political story，not an entertainment．(这是一个严肃的政治故事，不是供消遣的。
)sad“伤心的”，sorry“抱歉的”，surprised “惊讶的”都不正确。
知识模块：词汇2．I want to talk about all these points in______order of importance.A．decliningB．descendingC．plungingD．falling正确答案：B解析：本题意为“我想以重要性递减的方式谈论这些要点”。
descending的意思是“递降的”，如：descending powers(降幂)。
declining的意思是“倾斜的，衰落的”；plunging的意思是“突进的，急降的”；falling的意思是“下降的，落下的”。
这四个词均有“下降”的意思，但只有descend指“递降”。
因此B项正确。
知识模块：词汇3．In today’s rapidly changing economy, opportunities ______ for those who are motivated and dedicated to achieving their career goals.A．aboundB．refrainC．transcendD．uphold正确答案：A解析：本题中，abound的意思是“多，富于”；refrain的意思是“避免，抑制”；transcend的意思是“超越，胜过”；uphold的意思是“支持，赞成”。
复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附参考答案和解析
复旦大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附参考答案和解析Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure （15 points）Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through center.1．Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months.A．plodded B．peeped C．plunged D．peaked2．The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke.A．passed away B．passed off C．passed out D．passed by 3．Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning.A．sagged B．sacked C．saddled D．scored4．Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does.A．worked B．works C．to work D．work5．Jane was badly taken in when she paid $ 300 for that second-hand bicycle; it was not worth ______.A．that all much B．all that much C．much all that D．that much all6．A patient crowd had ______ around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the show.A．contracted B．consulted C．contemplated D．congregated 7．UN diplomats are suspicious that the country's ______ weapons programme may be broader than reported.A．flail B．clandestine C．temperate D．fake8．Fortunately the acting and photography are so good that they somehow manage to ______ the limitations of the film plot.A．trace B．transcend C．tranquilize D．trail9．When the report was published, various environmental groups criticized it for being too ______.A．alert B．zealous C．meek D．gregarious10．Her friends helped her ______ after her sister was killed in a car crash.A．pull off B．pull out C．pull through D．pull on11．Nell's father said to him that he was ______ dog to learn new tricks.A．so old a B．a too old C．too old a D．a so old12．The skipper was not willing to risk ______ his ship through the straits until he could see where he was going.A．taking B．to take C．having taken D．being taken13．We were running out of money and things were looking ______.A．grim B．glossy C．gorgeous D．gracious14．If law and order ______ not maintained, neither the citizens nor their properties are safe.A．were B．are C．is D．was15．He saw writers and artists as being important to the state for they could ______.credibility on the regime.A．bestow B．embrace C．disperse D．undertake16．When import taxes on goods are high, there is a greater chance that they will be ______.A．bartered B．counterfeited C．manufactured D．smuggled 17．There's been so little rain, the forest is ______ to go up in flames at any moment.A．precarious B．feeble C．convenient D．liable18．The school's development committee has deliberated the question ______ great length.A．on B．along C．at D．for19．On a Summer evening it is ______ to hear the joyful sound of the shepherd's flute floating across the valley.A．treacherous B．enchanting C．rash D．furtive20．Let's ______ the arrangements with the others before we make a decision.A．talk over B．talk into C．talk down D．talk round21．He'll have to ______ the music when his parents find out he's been missing school.A．listen to B．compose C．face D．play22．Her eyes were shining brightly and her face was suffused ______ color.A．with B．in C．by D．of23．In my opinion Elizabeth and Henry are not ______ friends as lovers.A．too much B．as much C．very much D．so much24．Yesterday my brother ______ with his girlfriend over where to go on holiday.A．fell off B．fell out C．fell away D．fell apart25．The writer ______ the newspaper readers against buying shares without getting good advice first.A．spurred B．menaced C．cautioned D．induced26．Some of his colleagues say he's loud and ______ and that everyone hates him.A．obnoxious B．straightforward C．considerate D．genial 27．She claims that the pressure on public hospitals could be ______ by combining medical resources in the public and private sectors．A．relieved B．replaced C．retrieved D．resurrected28．Please ______ it that the door is locked before you leave.A．see through B．see to C．see into D．see after29．I will ______ you personally responsible if anything goes wrong in this project.A．get B．hold C．let D．have30．The burglars ______ the house but found nothing valuable.A．ransacked B．besieged C．mortgaged D．renovatedPart ⅡReading Comprehension （40 points）Directions：There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.Passage OneNowadays, with plentiful ice and electric churning, few people recall the shared excitement of the era when making ice cream was a rarely scheduled event. Then the iceman brought to the back door, on special order, a handsome 2-foot-square cube of cold crystal and everyone in the family took a turn at the crank. The critical question among us children was, of course, who might lick the dasher. A century or so ago the novelist Stendhal knew only hand-churned ice cream and, when he first tasted it, exclaimed, “What a pity this isn't a sin!”Hand-churning is still tops for perfectionists for no power-driven machine has yet been invented that can achieve a comparable texture. Even French Pot, the very best commercial method for making ice cream, calls for finishing by hand．Ice creams are based on carefully cooked well-chilled syrups and heavy custards, added to unwhipped cream. No form of vanilla flavoring can surpass that of vanilla sugar or of the bean itself, steeped in a hot syrup. If sweetened frozen fruits are incorporated into the cream mixture instead of flesh fruits, be sure to adjust sugar content accordingly.Make up mixtures for chum-frozen ice creams the day before you freeze, to increase fill the container only 3/4 full to permit expansion. To pack the freezer, allow 3 to 6 quarts of chipped or cracked ice to 1 cup of coarse rock salt. Pack about 1/3 of the freezer with ice and add layers of salt and ice around the container until the freezer is full. Allow the pack to stand about 3 minutes before you start turning. Turn slowly at first, about 40 revolutions a minute, until a slight pull is felt. Then triple speed for 5 to 6 minutes. If any additions, such as finely cut candied or flesh fruits or nuts are to be made, do so at this point. Then repack and taper off the churning to about 80 revolutions a minute for a few minutes more. The cream should be ready in 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the quality.If the ice cream or ice is to be used at once, it should be frozen harder than if you plan to serve it later. Should the interval be 2 hours or more, packing will firm it. To pack, pour off the salt water in the freezer and wipe off the lid. Remove the dasher carefully, making sure that no salt or water gets into the cream container. Scrape the cream down from the sides of the container. Place a cork in the lid and replace the lid. Repack the container in the freezer with additional ice and salt, using the same proportions as before. Cover the freezer with newspapers, a piece of carpet or other heavy material.The cream should be smooth when served. If it proves granular, you used too much salt in the packing mixture, overfilled the inner container with the ice cream mixture or turned too rapidly. If you are making a large quantity with the idea of storing some in the deep-freeze, package in sizes you plan on serving. Should ice cream be allowed to melt even slightly and is then refrozen, it loses in volume and even more in good texture.31．In the first paragraph, “took a turn at the crank” could be paraphrased ______.A．“helped to mix the ice cream”B．“ate some ice cream”C．“helped break up the ice with a hammer”D．“protected the ice cream from children”32．According to the writer truly perfect ice cream ______.A．is now common and inexpensive at most storesB．is only possible with hand laborC．should be melted and then refrozenD．needs to be a sin33．When ice cream is being hand-churned it is surrounded by a mixture of ______.A．syrup and cream B．syrup and iceC．salt and ice D．flesh fruit and ice34．In paragraph 4, “taper off” means ______.A．cut up B．stop C．speed up D．slow down35．This passage reflects an era when ______.A．people liked a little salt in their ice creamB．making ice cream was an occasional form of family entertainmentC．ice cream was not popularD．people did not knew now to make cheese with their creamPassage TwoFood and drink play a major role in Christmas celebrations in most countries, but in few more so than in Mexico. Many families over the festive season will do little more than cook and ingest a seemingly constant cycle of tortillas, fried beans, meat both roasted and stewed, and sticky desserts for days on end．Thus does the extended family keep on extending—further and further over their collective waistlines.Lucky them, you might think. Except that Mexico's bad eating habits are leading to a health crisis that most Mexicans seem blissfully unaware of. Obesity and its related disorder, diabetes, are now major health concerns in a country where large rural regions are still concerned more with under- than with over-nourishment. In its perennial rivalry with the United States, Mexico has at last found an area in which it can match its northern neighbor—mouthful for mouthful.The statistics are impressive, and alarming. According to the OECD, Mexico is now thesecond fattest nation in that group of 30 countries A health poll in 1999 found that 35% of women were overweight, and another 24% technically obese. Juan Rivera，an official at the National Institute of Public Health, says that the combined figure for men would be about 55%, and that a similar poll to be carried out next year will show the fat quotient rising. Only the United States, with combined figures of over 60%, is a head.That situation also varies geographically. Although Mexicans populate the north of their country more sparsely than the south, they make up for it weight-wise. A study published by the Pan-American Health Organization a month ago showed that in the mostly Hispanic population that lives on either side of the American-Mexican border, fully 74%of men and 70％of women are either over weight or obese.Moreover, even experts have been surprised by how rapidly the nation has swollen. Whereas the 1999 poll showed 59％of women overweight or obese, only 11 years previously that figure was just 33 %. Nowhere is the transformation more noticeable than in the prevalence of diabetes, closely linked to over-eating and obesity. In 1968, says Joel Rodriguez of the Mexican Diabetes Federation, the disease was in 35th place as a direct cause of mortality in Mexico, but now it occupies first place, above both cancer and heart disease. With about 6.5m diabetics out of a population of 100m, Mexico now has a higher rate than any other large country in the world. Not surprisingly, Mr. Rodriguez argues that Mexi co is in the grip of an “epidemic”.Nor does it tax the brain much to work out that the causes of these explosions in obesity and diabetes are the Mexican diet and a lack of exercise. For most Mexicans, food consumption, not just at Christmas but all year round, is an unvarying combination of refried beans, tortillas, meat and refrescos, or fizzy drinks; they consume 101 liters of cola drinks per person per year, just a little less than Americans and three times as much as Brazilians.Meanwhile, the lack of exercise, Mr. Rivera argues, is a symptom of rapid urbanization over the past 30 years. Obesity and diabetes rates remain slightly lower in rural areas, indicating that manual labor endures as an effective way to stave off weight gain. In Mexico City, though, pollution and crime have progressively driven people out of the parks and the streets, so most now walk as little as possible—preferably no further than from the valet-parking service to the restaurant. To combat the fat, health professionals say that the country must first realize that it is indeed in the grip of an epidemic．Other diseases, such as AIDS and cancer, have captured mostof the publicity in recent years; obesity and diabetes have been comparatively neglected.But these are also, as in other developing countries, mainly problems of the urban poor. It is a symptom of their growing prosperity that these parts of the population have, probably for the first time, almost unlimited access to the greatest amount of calories for the smallest amount of money. But with little knowledge of nutritional values, their diets are now unbalanced and unhealthy.Low-carb products and other dietary imports from the United States have already made an appearance on the posher Mexican supermarket shelves. They may go into be shopping baskets of the rake-thin and utterly unrepresentative models who dominate the country's advertising hoardings. But they are still comparatively expensive. For the heaving mass of the population, things may have to get worse before the government, doctors and consumers realize that things have got to start getting better.36．The phrase “on end” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ______.A．until all been consumed B．uprightC．continuously D．until the last day37．Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage?A．Mexicans are eating a lot because of the country's affluence.B．Mexicans can match Americans in the nourishment of their diet.C．Mexicans only overeat during festive seasons.D．Mexico is now the second fattest nation in this world.38．Judging by the context, the word “perennial” in the second paragraph most probably means ______.A．perpetual B．recurring C．transient D．perilous39．Which is the most significant cause of mortality in Mexico?A．Cancer. B．Heart disease. C．Diabetes. D．Epidemic.40．It is known from the passage that from 1988 to 1999 the figure of women overweight or obese in Mexico rose by ______.A．30% B．26% C．35% D．55%Passage ThreeWhen you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category：when I'm grown up. When I'm grown up, you say, I'll go up in space. I'm going to be an author. I'll kill them all and thenthey'll be sorry. I'll be married in a cathedral with sixteen bridesmaids in pink lace. I'll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away.None of it ever happens, of course—or dam little, but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about gilded adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on, it's all downhill; I read with horror of an American hippie wedding where someone said to the groom (age twenty), “You seem so kind a grown up somehow”, and the lad had to go around seeking reassurance that he wasn't, no, really he wasn't. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.Right, so then you get some of what you want, or something like it, or something that will do all right; and for years you are too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond the day when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed—and the later moment when they actually bring you hot tea, not mostly slopped in the saucer. However, I have now discovered an even sweeter category of ambition. When my children are grown up …When my children are grown up I'll learn to fly an aer o plane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do “go pop” there will be no little ones to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that looking for your glasses in order to see where you've left your teeth. When my children are grown up I'll have fragile, lovely things on low tables; I'll have a white carpet; I'll go to the pictures in the afternoon. When the children are grown up I'll actually be able to do a day's work in day, instead of spread over three, and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I'm grown up—I mean when they're grown up—I'll be free.Of course, I know it's got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-olds, I'm told, don't go to tend at seven, so you don't even get your evenings; once they're past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep, and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of everything you've ever thought or done or worn. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial then girls, since they can't get pregnant and they don't borrow your clothes—if they do borrow your clothes, of course, you've got even more to worry about.The young don't respect their parents any more, that's what. Goodness, how sad,still, likeeating snails, it might be all right once you've got over the idea: it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one’s days, toothless by the fire, brooding on the past.41．What interests the writer about young children is that they ______.A．have so many unselfish ambitions B．have such long-term ambitionsC．don't all want to be spacemen D．all long for adult pleasures42．The writer maintains that fantasies ______.A．satisfy ambition B．lessen ambitionC．stimulate ambition D．frustrate ambition43．What does the writer feel is wrong with the modern generation?A．Their wanting to grow up. B．Their not wanting to grow up.C．Their wanting to improve adults. D．Their not wanting to improve adults.44．The writer feels that as an adult one must ______.A．achieve one's ambitions at all costsB．continue to be ambitiousC．find a compromise between ambition and realityD．give up all one's earlier ambitions45．When the children leave home, the writer thinks that ______.A．there will be compensations B．she will be delightedC．she will be desolated D．there will be nothing to doPassage FourFor years, pediatricians didn't worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it's hard keeping up with their shoe size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use? The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things, maybe they'll grow out of this too.Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood. According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19 of 130 children with high bloodpressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. “No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well,” says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. “But it's worrisome.”Who's most at risk? Boys more than girls, especially boys who are overweight. Their heart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow more dense. Then, after decades of straining, it grows too big to pump blood very well. Fortunately, the abnormal thickening can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case, getting that blood pressure under control—through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treatment—allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.How can you tell if yours are like the 670,000 American children ages 10 to 18 with high blood pressure? It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery. You should have a test done by a doctor, who will consult special tables that indicate the normal range of blood pressure for a particular child's age, height and sex. If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will repeat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn't a fake. He'll also check, whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could he the source of the trouble. Because hypertension can be hard to detect, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends annual blood pressure checks for every child over age 3．About half the cases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight. And the problem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in the US who are overweight has doubled, from 5 % to 11%, or 4.7 million kids.You can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food from your pantry and hooking your kids—the earlier the better—on healthy, attractive snacks like fruits (try freezing some grapes) or carrot sticks with salsa. Not only will they lower your children's blood pressure；these foods will also boost their immune system and unclog their plumbing. Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playground than with their Play Station. Even if they don't shed a pound, vigorous exercise will help keep their blood vessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course, they'll be more likely to eat right and exercise if you set a good example.46．This piece of writing is mainly addressed to ______.A．parents B．boys C．gifts D．pediatrician47．The word “unclog” in paragraph 6 can be replaced by ______.A．fix B．clear C．hinder D．dismantle48．By saying “It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery”, the writer implies ______.A．hypertension is hard to detectB．children often refuse to have their blood pressure testedC．you'll have to pay a lot of money if you want to have your child's blood pressure checked in a groceryD．in a local grocery, you are free to determine how to have your child's blood pressure examined49．Which of the following is not suggested by the writer to control hypertension?A．Drug treatments. B．Weight loss.C．Exercise. D．Overwork.50．We can conclude from the passage that ______.A．children with hypertension are unlikely to suffer from heart attack and strokeB．parent's blood pressure decides their children's blood pressureC．besides overweight, there are other factors resulting in hypertensionD．vigorous exercise sometimes will lead to heart troublePart ⅢCloze (10 points)Directions：Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.Even geologist is familiar with the erosion cycle. No sooner has an area of land been raised above sea-level than it becomes subject to the erosive forces of nature. The rain beats down on the ground and washed 51 the finer particles, sweeping them into rivulets and into rivers and out to sea. The frost freezes the rain water in cracks of the rocks and breaks 52 even the hardest of the constituents of the earth's crust. Blocks of rock dislodged at high levels are brought down by the force of gravity. Alternate heating and 53 of bare rock surfaces causes their disintegration. In the dry regions of the world the wind is a powerful force in removing materialfrom one area to another. All this is natural. But nature has also provided certain defensive forces. Bare rock surfaces are in 54 course protected by soil, itself dependent initially on the weathering of the rocks. Slowly 55 surely, different types of soil with differing “profiles” evolve the main types depending primarily on the climate. The protective soil covering, once it is formed, is hold together by the growth of vegetation. Grass and herbaceous plants, 56 long, branching tenuous roots, hold firmly together the surface particles. The 57 is true with the forest cover. The heaviest tropical downpours beating on the leaves of the giant trees reach the ground only 58 spray, gently watering the surface layers and penetrating along the long passages provided by the roots to the lower levels of the soil. The soil, thus protected by grass, herb, or trees, furnishes a quiet habitat for a myriad varied organisms—earthworms that importantly modify the soil, bacteria, active in their work of converting 59 leaves and decaying vegetation into humus and food for the growing plants. Chemical action is constantly taking 60 ; soil acids attack mineral particles and salts in solution move from one layer in the soil to another.Part ⅣTranslation (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions：Put the following passage into Chinese.Dun took a deep breath, thinking over what had been said and searching in his mind for a possible course of action. Not for the first time in his flying career, he felt himself in the grip of a cute sense of apprehension, only this time his awareness of his responsibility for the safety of a huge, complex aircraft and nearly sixty lives was tinged with a sudden icy premonition of disaster. Was this, then what it felt like? Older pilots, those who had been in combat in the war, always maintained that if you kept at the game long enough you'd buy it in the end. How was it that in the space of half an hour a normal, everyday, routing flight, carrying a crowd of happy football fans, could change into a nightmare nearly four miles above the earth, something that would shriek across the front pages of a hundred newspapers?Section B(10 points)Directions：Put the following passage into English．在美国历史上人们最津津乐道的政治问题恐怕就是法律与秩序。
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Bush’s first major political setback was the downfall of his original choice for secretary of defense-John G. Tower,who was discredited for improper behavior in both professional and private affairs.A．assaultB．humiliationC．strategyD．frustration正确答案：D解析：这句话的意思是：布什第一次重大的政治——是他当初选择的国防秘书John G，Tower的垮台。
John G．Tower在公共事务和私人问题上的不当行为使他失去信任。
根据句意，划线部分的词意大概是“失误，失败”。
在给出的选项中，assault”攻击，突袭”；humiliation”羞耻，歧视”；strategy”战略，策略”；frustration“挫折，失败”。
只有D选项符合题意，可以替换划线部分词语。
因此正确答案为D。
2．When asked if there were any circumstances under which they would declare war,he dismissed such questions as purely hypothetical.A．imaginaryB．pessimisticC．inevitableD．ironical正确答案：A解析：这句话的意思是：当被问及是否会发动战争，他不考虑这样的问题：认为那是纯粹的——。
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷22(题后含答案及解析)
复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷22(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．During the summer vacation, Mary worked on a(an)______basis as a salesman, taking 8 percent of everything she sells.A．salaryB．incomeC．commissionD．pension正确答案：C解析：A项salary则作“(通常按月领取的)薪水，俸给”讲；B项income“收入，所得”；C项commission“佣金，回扣”，符合本题题意；D项pension“养老金，抚恤金，退休金。
”因此C为正确选项。
2．She listened carefully______she might discover exactly what he wanted.A．so as thatB．in caseC．providingD．in order that正确答案：D解析：A项so as that无此用法；B项in case意为“假使，以防”；C项providing “假设”；D项in order that“以便，为了”，可引起表目的的状语从句，符合本题题意。
3．Michelle found it difficult to get his British jokes______to Australian audiences.A．acrossB．dealC．overD．down正确答案：A解析：本题考查与get搭配的短语的用法。
A项get sth．across to sb．“使某事被某人了解”；B项get deal没有这个搭配；C项get over“恢复”；D项get down “写下”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：13
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He （）outrage by calling the TV programmes “talking wallpaper”.问题1选项A.provokedB.evokedC.revokedD.invoked【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
provoke “激起，挑衅”；evoke “引起，唤起，博得”；revoke “撤回，取消，废除”；invoke “调用，换气”。
句意：他称那个电视节目为“会说话的壁纸”激起了愤怒。
选项A符合题意。
2.单选题As many as 100 species of fish, some（） to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.问题1选项A.unusualB.particularC.typicalD.unique【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
unusual “不寻常的”；particular “特别的，详细的”；typical “典型的”；unique “独一无二的”。
句意：在这片水域有100多种鱼类，有些是独一无二的，已经被污水影响了。
选项D符合题意。
3.单选题He built a hut on a piece of rough land hear a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In time Melio (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf.His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana Indians who, for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio. Their Chief never looked closely at Melio and said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail. The parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream. It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water. They shored him bow to hunt by laying tra ps and digging. In time Melio’s piece of land became a regular farm. He bad wild birds, fat long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corm and sailed fish was enough to keep him stocked up though the wet season.The Parakanas were alwa ys around him. He’d never admit it but he could feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison: they were watching him. It was as if he was there by courtesy of the Chief. When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves. They had a delicate way of behaving. They showed themselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearing’s edge. He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them. Then they had a curious but chiming habit of taking a pace hack from him, just one odd step back wards into their green corridors. Melio never could persuade them to come any closer.The group guessed at Melio’s hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away-They knew Melio would never invite any more white men up here. This pleased the Parakanas. It meant that traders looking for rubber and jewels would never reach them. Their Melio would see to that. They were safe with this man and his hatred.1.It is known from the passage that Melio wanted the forest around him to become thick because the dense leaves________.2.The Chief's comparison of Melio to a snake is intended to show that _________.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?4.To Melio, the Parakana Indians seemed_________.5.It can be concluded from the passage that place described by the author was___.问题1选项A.reminded him of his house in the town far away.B.prevented the Parakanas from watching himC.helped him to forget the world he hatedD.protected him from being intruded by the white men in the town问题2选项A.he did not trust MelioB.it was unwise to go too close to MelioC.he believed Melio hated the ParakanasD.he thought Melio was out of his mind问题3选项A.Melio stayed on his farm for a number of years.B.Melio felt like a prisoner because he couldn’t escape being watched.C.Melio kept himself alive, during the rainy season by eating what be had in store.D.The Parakanas thought Melio lived there because he was looking for rubber and jewels. 问题4选项A.odd but hatefulB.strange but attractiveC.unhealthy but friendlyD.cowardly but sociable问题5选项A.far removed from civilizationB.impossible to cultivateC.the home of Melio’s Indian relativesD.wet all the year round【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:文章第一段The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside，树木越多，越容易忘记外面的世界。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：46
2022年考研考博-考博英语-复旦大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题In the movie he plays a loving and（）father trying to bring up two teenage children on his own.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.senselessC.sensualD.sensuous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
sensitive“敏感的”；senseless“愚蠢的，无知的”；sensual“感觉的；肉欲的”；sensuous“感觉上的，感官的”。
句意：在电影中他扮演了一个有爱而又敏感的父亲，他要独自一人抚养两个孩子。
选项A符合题意。
2.单选题As they entered the village shop, the old lady behind the counter ________ at them kindly. 问题1选项A.beamedB.glaredC.grimacedD.peeped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
beam at sb.“对某人微笑”；glare at sb.“盯着某人；怒视某人”；grimace“扮鬼脸”；peep at“偷窥”。
句意：当他们走进乡村小店时，柜台后面的老妇人朝他们友好地微笑。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题What is so depressing about this war is the _____ hatred that both sides feel for each other. 问题1选项A.impartialB.implacableC.imploringD.immune【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
impartial“公正的”；implacable“不能安抚的，难和解的”；imploring“恳求的”；immune“免疫的”。
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复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure（15 points）Directions： There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰwith a single line through the center.1．Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not ______ to a close examination.A．keep up B．put up C． stand up D．look up2．When I bent down to tie my shoelace, the seat of my trousers______.A．split B．cracked C．broke D．holed3．His ______ thighs were barely strong enough to support the weight of his body.A． inanimate B．rustic C．malleable D．shrunken 4．To get my travellers' cheques I had to ______ a special cheque to the bank for the total amount.A．make for B．make out C．make up D．make off5．She described the distribution of food and medical supplies as a ______ nightmare.A．paranoid B．putative C．benign D． logistical6．A sordid, sentimental plot unwinds, with an inevitable ______ ending.A． mawkish B．fateful C．beloved D．perfunctory 7．Despite ______ efforts by the finance minister, inflation rose to 36 points.A．absurd B．grimy C．valiant D．fraudulent8．In ______ I wish I had thought about alternative courses of action.A．retrospect B．disparity C．succession D．dissipation 9．Psychoanalysts tend to regard both ______ and masochism as arising from childhood deprivation.A．attachment B．distinction C．ingenuity D．sadism 10．Fear showed in the eyes of the young man, while the old man looked tired and ______.A．watery B．wandering C．weary D．wearing11．The clash between Real Madrid and Arsenal is being ______ as the match of the season.A． harbinger B．allured C．congested D．lodged 12．What he told me was a ______ of downright lies.A．load B．mob C．pack D．flock13．We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ______.A．out of work B． out of stock C．out of reach D．out of practice14．______ I realized the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved.A．Even if B．Had C．As long as D． If15．They managed to ______ the sound on TV every time the alleged victim's name was spoken.A．deaden B．deprive C．punctuate D．rebuff16．He had been ______ to appear in court on charges of incitement of lawbreaking.A．illuminated B．summoned C．prevailed D．trailed17．The computer doesn't ______ human thought; it reaches the same ends by different means.A．flunk B．renew C．succumb D．mimic18．How about a glass of orange juice to ______ your thirst？A．quench B．quell C．quash D．quieten19．The rain looked as if it had ______ for the night.A．set off B．set up C．set out D．set in20．My aunt lost her cat last summer, but it ______ a week later at a home in the next village.A． turned up B．turned in C．turned on D．turned out 21．As is known to all, a vague law is always ______ to different interpretations.A．invulnerable B．immune C．resistant D． susceptible 22．The manager ______ facts and figures to make it seem that the company was prosperous.A．beguiled B．besmirched C．juxtaposed D．juggled23．To our great delight, yesterday we received a（n） ______ donation from a benefactor.A．handsome B．awesome C．miserly D．prodigal 24．Students who get very high marks will be ______ from the final examination.A．expelled B．banished C． absolved D．ousted25．It ______ me that the man was not telling the truth.A． effects B．pokes C．hits D．stirs26．John glanced at Mary to see what she thought, but she remained ______.A．manifest B．obnoxious C．inscrutable D．obscene 27．My neighbor tended to react in a heat and ______ way.A．impetuous B．impertinent C．imperative D．impe rceptible28．This morning when she was walking in the street, a black car______ beside her.A．drew out B．drew off C．drew down D． drew up29．She decided to keep reticent about the unpleasant past and______ it to memory.A．attribute B．allude C．commit D．credit30．It did not take long for the central bank to ______ their fears.A．soothe B．snub C．smear D．sanctifyPart ⅡReading Comprehension（40 points）Directions： There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A,B, C and D．Choose the best answer and mark corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰwith a single line through the center.Passage OneJean left Alice Springs on Monday morning with regret, and flew all day in a “Dragonfly”' aircraft; and it was a very instructive day for her. The machine did not go directly to Cloncurry, but flew to and for across the wastes of Central Australia, depositing small bags of mail at cattle stations and picking up cattle-men and travelers to drop them off after a hundred or a hundred and fifty miles. They landed eight or ten times in the course of the day, at places like Ammaroo and Hatches Creek andmany other stations; at each place they would get out of the plane and drink a cup of tea and have a talk with the station manager or owner, and get back into the plane and go on their way. By the end of the day Jean Paget knew exactly what a cattle station looked like, and she was beginning to have a very good idea of what went on there.They got to Cloncurry in the evening, a fairly extensive town on a railway that ran eastward to the sea at Townsville．Here she wasin Queensland, and she heard for the first time the slow deliberate speech of the Queensland that reminded her at once of her friend Joe Harman. She was driven into town in a very old open car and deposited at the Post Office Hotel; she got a bedroom but tea was over, and she had to go down the wide，dusty main street to a café for her evening meal. Cloncurry, she found, had none of the clean attractiveness of Alice Springs; it was a town which smelt of cattle, with wide streets through which to drive them down to the stockyard, many hotels, and a few shops. All the houses were of wood with red-painted iron roofs; the hotels had two floors, but very few of the other houses had more than one.She had to spend a day here, because the air service to Normanton and Willstown ran weekly on a Wednesday． She went out after breakfast while the air was still cool and walked in one direction up the huge mainstreet for half a mile till she came to the end of the town, then came back and walked down it a quarter of a mile till she came to the other end. Then she went and had a look at the railway station, and, having seen the airfield,with that she had seen all there was to see in Cloncurry. She looked in at a shop that sold toys and newspapers, but they were sold out of all reading matter except a few books about dress-making; as the day was starting to warm up she went back to the hotel. She managed to borrow a copy of the Australian Women's Weekly from the manageress of the hotel and took it to her room, and took off most of her clothes and lay down on her bed to sweat it out during the heat of the day. Most of the other citizens of Cloncurry seemed to be doing the same thing.She felt like moving again shortly before tea and had a shower, and went out to the café for an ice. Weighed down by the heavy meal of roast beef and plum-pudding that the Queenslanders call “tea” she sat in a folding chair for a little outside in the cool of the evening, and went to bed again at about eight o'cock. She was called before daybreak, and was out at the airfield with the first light.31．When Jean had to leave Alice Springs, she ______.A．wished she could have stayed lodgerB．regretted she had decided to flyC．wasn't looking forward to flying all dayD．wished it had not been a Monday morning32．How did Jean get some idea of Australian cattle station？A．She learnt about them at first hand.B．She learnt about them from friends.C．She visited them weekly.D．She stayed on one for a week.33．Jean's main complaint about Cloncurry in comparison with Alice Springs, was ______.A．the width of the main street B．the poor service at the hotel C．the poor-looking buildings D．the smell of cows34．For her evening meal on the second day Jean had ______.A．only an ice-cream B．a lot of cooked foodC．some cold beer D．a cooling, but non-alcoholic drink35．Jean left Cloncurry ______.A． early on Wednesday morning B．late on Tuesday eveningC．after breakfast on Tuesday D．before breakfast on TuesdayPassage TwoIt was unfortunate that, after so trouble-free an arrival, he should stumble in the dark as he was rising and severely twist his ankle on a piece of rock. After the first shock the pain became bearable, and he gathered up his parachute before limping into the trees to hide it as best he could. The hardness of the ground and the deep darkness made it almost impossible to do this efficiently. The pine needles lay several inches deep so he simply piled them on top of the parachute, cutting the short twigs that he could feel around his legs, and spreading them on top of the needles. He had great doubts about whether it would stay buried, but there was very little else that he could do about it.After limping for some distance in an indirect course away from his parachute he began to make his way downhill through the trees. He had to find out where he was, and then decide what to do next. But walking downhill on a rapidly swelling ankle soon proved to be almost beyond his powers. He moved more and more slowly， walking in long sideways movements across the slope, which meant taking more steps but less painful ones. By the time he cleared the trees and reached the valley, day was breaking. Mist hung in soft sheets across the field. Small cottages and farm buildings grouped like sleeping cattle around a village church,whose pointed tower, pointed high into the cold winter air to welcome the morning.“I can't go no further，” John Harding thought.“Someone is bound to find me, but what can't I do？ I must get a rest before I go on. Ther'll look for me first up there on the mountain where the plane crashed. I bet they're out looking for it already and they're bound to find the parachute in the end. I can't believe they won't. So they'll know I'm not dead and must be somewhere. They'll think I'm hiding up there in the trees and rocks so they'll look for me, so I'll go down to the village. With luck by the evening my foot will be good enough to get me to the border.”Far above him on the mountainside he could hear the faint echo of voices, startling him after great silence. Looking up he saw lights like little pinpoints moving across the face of the mountain in the grey light. But the road was deserted, and he struggled along, still almost invisible in the first light, easing his aching foot whenever he could, avoiding stones and rough places, and limping quietly and painfully towards the village. He reached the church at last. A great need for peace almost drew him inside, but he knew that would not do. Instead, he limped along its wails towards a very old building standing a short distance from the church doors. It seemed to have been there for ever, as if it hadgrown out of the hillside. It had the same air of timelessness as the church. John Harding pushed open the heavy wooden door and slipped inside.36．It is known from the passage that John Harding was ______.A．an escaped prisonerB．a criminal on the run from the policeC．an airman who had landed in an enemy country areaD．a spy who had been hiding in the forest37．John Harding found it hard to hide his parachute because ______.A．he got his ankle twisted severelyB．the trees did not give very good coverC．the earth was not soft and there was little lightD．the pine needles lay too thick on the ground38．In spite of his bad ankle John Harding was able to ______.A．carry on walking fairly rapidlyB．walk in a direction that was less steepC． bear the pain without changing directionD．find out where he had landed39．When John Harding got out of the forest he saw that ______.A．it was beginning to get much lighterB．washing was hanging on the lines in the villageC．the fields were full of sleeping cowsD．some trees had been cleared near the village40．John Harding decided to go down to the village ______.A．to find a doctor to see to his ankle B． to be near the frontier C．to avoid the search party D．to find shelter in a buildingPassage ThreeA trade group for liquor retailers put out a press release with an alarming headlin e: “Millions of Kids Buy Internet Alcohol, Landmark Survey Reveals.”The announcement, from the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America received wide media attention. On NBC's Today Show, Lea Thompson said, “According to a new online survey, one in 10 teen agershave an underage friend who has ordered beer, wine or liquor over the internet. More than a third think they can easily do it and nearly half think they won't get caught.” Several newspapers mentioned the study, including USA Today and the Record of New Jersey. The news even made Australia's Gold Coast Bulletin.Are millions of kids really buying booze online？ To arrive at that jarring headline, the group used some questionable logic to pump up results from a survey that was already tilted in favor of finding a large number of online buyer.For starters, consider the source. The trade group that commissioned the survey has long fought efforts to expand online sales of alcohol; its members are local distributors who compete with online liquor sellers. Some of the news coverage pointed out that conflict of interest, though reports didn't delve more deeply into how the numbers were computed.The Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America hired Teenage Research Unlimited, a research company, to design the study. Teenage Research, in turn, hired San Diego polling firm Luth Research to put the questions to 1,001 people between the ages of 14 and 20in an online survey. Luth gets people to participate in its surveys in part by advertising them online and offering small cash awards—typically less than $ 5 for short surveys.People who agree to participate in online surveys are, by definition, internet users, something that not all teens are. （Also, people who actually take the time to complete such surveys may be more likely to be active, or heavy internet users. ） It's safe to say that kids who use the internet regularly are more likely to shop online than those who don't. Teenage Research Unlimited told me it weighted the survey results to adjust for age, sex, ethnicity and geography of respondents, but had no way to adjust for degree of internet usage.Regardless, the survey found that, after weighting, just 2.1 points of the 1,001 respondents bought alcohol online—compared, with 56 points who had consumed alcohol. Making the questionable assumption that their sample was representative of all Americans aged 14 to 20 with access to the internet—and not just those with the time and inclination to participate in online surveys—the researchers concluded that 551,000 were buying alcohol online.But that falls far short of the reported “millions of kids”. To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if they knew a teen who had purchased alcohol online. Some 12 points said they did. Of course, it's ridiculous to extrapolate from a state like that—one buyer could be known by many people, and it's impossible to measure overlap. Consider a high school of1,000 students, with 20 who have bought booze on line and 100 who know about the purchases. If 100 of the school's students are surveyed at random, you'd expect to find two who have bought and 10 who know someone who has—but that still represents only two buyers, not 10．（Not to mention the fact that thinking you know someone who has ordered beer online is quite different from ordering a six pack yourself. ）Karen Gravois Elliott, a spokeswoman for the wholesalers' group, told me, “The numbers are real,” but referred questions about methodology to Teenage Research. When I asked her about the potential problems of conducting the survey online, she said the medium was a strength of the survey: “We specifically wanted to look at the teenage online population.”Nahme Chokeir, a vice president of client service for SanDiego-based Luth Research Inc., told me that some of his online panel comes from word of mouth, which wouldn't necessarily skew toward heavy internet users. He added that some clients design surveys to screen respondents by online usage, though Teenage Research didn't.I asked Michael Wood, a vice president at Teenage Research who worked on the survey， whether one could say, as the liquor trade group did, that millions of teenagers had bought alcohol online. “You can't,” he replied, adding, “This is their press release.”41．Which of the following is the message that this passage is trying to convey？A．The severe social consequences of kids buying alcohol online.B．The hidden drawback of the American educational system.C．The influence of wide coverage of news media.D．The problems in statistic methodology in social survey.42．According to the author, what is wrong with the report about kids buying alcohol？A．It is unethical to offer cash awards to subjects of survey.B．The numbers in this report were falsified.C． The samples and statistic methods were not used logically.D．The study designers and survey conductors were bribed.43．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “extrapolate” in paragraph 8？A．Conduct. B． Infer. C．Deduct. D．Whittle.44．By saying “To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if theyknew a teen who had purchased alcohol online”, the author implies that ______.A．it is absurd to conduct a survey among teenagersB．the ways the wholesalers' group conducted surveys are statistically questionableC．this kinds of survey is preliminary, therefore undependableD．teenagers might not be honest since buying alcohol online is an indecent behavior45．Which of the following is more likely to be the source for problems in this survey？A．This survey is tilted in favor of local alcohol distributors, who have a conflict of interest with online sellers.B．The data collection and analysis are not scientific and logical.C．Subjects are not sampled in a right way and can not represent the whole American teenage population.D．The survey results are affected by gifts to subjects, which can be misleading.Passage FourI had visited the capital before although my friend Arthur had not, I first visited London as a student, reluctantly released from the bosom of a tearful mum, with a traveling trunk stuffed full of home-made fruit cakes and woolly vests. I was ill-prepared for the Spartan standards of the South. Through even the grimmest post-war days, as kids we had ploughed our way through corner cuts of beef and steamed puddings. So you can imagine my dismay when I arrived, that first day, atmy London digs to be faced with a plate of tuna-paste sandwiches and a thin slice of cake left curling under a tea-towel. And that was supposed to be Sunday lunch!When I eventually caught up with my extremely irritating landlady, I met with a vision of splendor more in keeping with the Royal Enclosure at the races than the area in which she lived. Festooned with jewels and furs and plastered with exclusive cosmetics, she was a walking advert for Bond Street.Now, we have a none too elegant but very apt phrase for this in the North of England, and it was the one my friend Arthur todescribe London after three days there: “All fur coat and nothing underneath.”Take our hotel. The reception area was plush and inviting, the lounge and diningroom poor enough to start Arthur speaking “properly”. Butjourney upstairs from one landing to the next, at the veneers of civilization fell away before your eyes. By the time we reached our room, all pretension to refinement and comfort had disappeared. The fur coat was off （back in the bands of the hire purchase company）, and what we were really expected to put up with for a small fortune a night was exposed in all its shameful nakedness. It was little more than a garret, a shabby affair with patched and peeling walls. There was a stained sink with pipes that grumbled and muttered all night long and an assortment of furnishings that would have disgraced Her Majesty's Prison Service. But the crowning glory was the view from the window. A peek behind the handsome facade of our fabled city, rank gardens choked with rubbish, all the debris of life piled against the back door. It was a good job the window didn't open, because from it all arose the unmistakable odor of the abyss.Arthur, whose mum still polishes her back step and disinfects her dustbin once a week, slumped on to the bed in a sudden fit of depression. “Never mind，” I said, drawing the curtains. “You can watch telly.” This was one of the hotel's luxuries, which in the newspaper ad had persuaded us we were going to spend the week in style. It turned out to be a yellowing plastic thing with a picture which rolled over and over like a floundering fish until you took your fist to it.But Arthur wasn't going to be consoled by any cheap technological gimmicks.He was sure his dad had forgotten to feed his pigeons and that his dogs were pining away for him. He grew horribly homesick. After a terrible night spent tossing and turning to a ceaseless cacophony of pipes and fire doors, traffic, drunks and low-flying aircraft, Arthur surfaced next day like a claustrophobic mole. London had got squarely on top of him. Seven million people had sat on him all night, breathed his air, generally fouled his living space, and come between him and that daily quota of privacy and peace which prevents us all from degenerating into mad axemen or reservoir poisoners.Arthur had to be got out of London for a while.46．When the writer first came to the capital ______.A．he had been very reluctant to leave his motherB． his mother had not wanted him to leave homeC．he had made no preparations for his journey southD．he had sent his possessions on ahead in a trunk47．The writer was surprised at what he received for Sunday lunch because ______.A． food had always been plentiful at homeB．he had been used to grimmer times at homeC．things had been difficult after the war up NorthD．beef had always been available from the butcher on the corner at home48．The landlady seemed to epitomize a phrase used in the North of England to indicate that things were ______.A．tender underneath the surface B． vulnerable to the outside worldC． more profound than they seemed D．beautiful but only superficially49．The room which the writer and his friend were to share ______.A． was more suited to housing prisoners than hotel guestsB．had a magnificent view from one of its windowsC．had a door which provided access to a rubbish tipD．was situated above some foul-smelling gardens50．The writer feels that in order to remain sane, one needs a certain amount of ______.A．physical exercise B．fresh airC．daily nourishment D． breathing space注意：以下各题的答案必须写在ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。