太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案

合集下载

太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案

07-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive forpath-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.A. investmentB. resourceC. inspirationD. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despitethe appalling workingconditions.A. bewilderingB. exasperatingC. dismayingD. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting andphotography.A. all at onceB. by and byC. to some extentD. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about theconsequences.A. optimisticB. anxiousC. uncertainD. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.A. enhancedB. revisedC. alternatedD. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen fromB. contributed toC. patched upD. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurorsprevailed.A. resignedB. compromisedC. persistedD. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jeffersoncontended that the countryshould remain chiefly agricultural.A. inclinedB. struggledC. arguedD. competed29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasionB. at presentC. by nowD. for sure30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifyingvictims' families.A. brieflyB. quicklyC. accuratelyD. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.poseB. imposeC. exposeD. pose33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.A. energeticB.vigorousC. rigorousD. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.A. presentationB. instructionC. convictionD.obligation35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along witheach other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible36. As __________China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthenanti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out tobe a friend of my father’s.A. stood up toB. walked up toC. lived up toD. added up to39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humanscannot.A. assumeB. anticipateC. assureD. wonder40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grantapprovals.A. manipulateB. adjustC. regulateD. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorterco-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study."Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Floridaprofessor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with afew 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height issomething essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followedthousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work andpersonal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talkingabout literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall personenjoys," Judge said.Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such assales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Otherpeople may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving theman edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for42.A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment44.A. on B. with C. over D. to45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. lossD. necessity46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D.initiative48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations50.A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAt the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his classnotes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmateturned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographedtest questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. Theuniversity put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as muchtime studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College ofSciences of UNLV.With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. Andcollege officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fightwould-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams betaken with pens and paper."It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who justfinished his third year at PepperdineUniversity in California. He had to take his examson paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) inwriting papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writingsoff the Internet without attributing them.Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of themindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they'regoing to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the nextstep," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure tosucceed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn'tdo."Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat,posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said thatthey rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teachstudents not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.A. should be severely punished for their dishonestyB. didn't have much time to study before the examC. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.A. use many high-tech devicesB. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage TwoTop marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs withhuge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms andlegs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for aparticular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinicalphysiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the caseof identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other apowerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketballplayer. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold."Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment,medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor ofsports science at Britain's Brunel University.Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sportsdevelopment department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique."In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, sotechnique is vital."Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeenyears ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program,which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One oftheir first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never pickedup an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensivetraining, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of geneticknowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but alsofor "performance genes."57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' successB. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' successC. genes are more important for sportspersons' successD. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.A. environment can help determine people's body shapeB. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shapeC. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for asportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?A. The physical strength.B. The right training conditions.C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.A. she had the talent for rowingB. her body shape was right for a rowerC. she had the performance genesD. she was a skillful rower61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.A. the best body shapes and an iron purposeB. the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage ThreeFor years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming thatscience of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitablecorporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any othercompany from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobilneeds to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change.But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that whichmaintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's itsstrategy?The website , using data found in the company's official documents,lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely withthose that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that thescience is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, andif governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering theglobal economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled"junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On thewhole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such asthe discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They willcontinue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, JohnChristy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figureswere incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by manyof these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of theclimate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. Bydominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years inwhich urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seedingdoubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justifiedthe money their sponsors have spent on them many times over. 63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish theirposition on climate change'?A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?A. Reasonable.B. Fake.C. Limitless.D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.A. how closely these organizations work with scientistsB. how these organizations select scientific findings for theirownpurposeC. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriesD. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.A. have lived up to their promisesB. have almost caused worldwide chaosC. have failed to achieve their original goalD. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandalsB. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate changeC. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warmingD. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual.B. Praiseful.C. Biased.D. Encouraging.Passage FourWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at theturn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21stcentury. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageingtreatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue thatliving longer is an attractive idea, therapid increase in the number of years begs aquestion: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. Inthe 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for everyincreased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. Whatwe would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medicalscience couldn't prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1990s with the publication of astudy by researchers at DukeUniversity, who had been following the health of 20,000people for almost a decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not onlydropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arian Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevityresearch, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and othergenetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give peopleseveral extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and itwill live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to bephysiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases."From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the rangeof 15-30% maximum," says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch inan animal's behaviour from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing aretemporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal's behaviourswitches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a "little bit silly" at themoment but doesn't dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related toageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating yourgreens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep itgoing for longer with high quality maintenance. "It'll be like the difference between aRolls-Royce and a cheap car."69. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____________.A. is possible to live a longer healthyandlifeB. humans can live as long as scientists predictC. living longer is still considered a good ideaD. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for humans70. In the 1980s, the data on people's health expectancy_______________.A. gave an optimistic predictionB. showed an unclear futureC. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing71. In the lab experiment on rats,_____________.A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have workedB. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animalC. the animals' lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD.different amounts of food cause a change in the animals' behavior72. Richardson believes that_________.A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageingB. it is worthless to talk about stopping ageingC. stopping ageing is a dream that may come trueD. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing73. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that_______________.A. quality life is out of reach for most peopleB. quality life can slow down the process of agingC. how long one can live depends on the genes one carriesD. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.74. The most suitable title for the passage is“___________”.A. Problems of An Ageing SocietyB. Health Care for the ElderlyC. Eating Healthier, Living LongerD.The Future of Old AgePassage FiveIn dealing with a student who is acting aggressively toward his classmates, you wantto send a strong message that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated in your classroom.In addition, you want to help him develop more appropriate ways of settling disputes withhis peers.If two elementary school students are engaged in a fight, use a strong loud voice tostop it. If that doesn't work, you might say something odd ("Look up! The ceiling isfalling!") to divert their attention. If they still don't stop and you can't separate them,send a student to the office to get help. If a crowd of children is gathering, insist that theymove away or sit down, perhaps clapping your hands to get their attention: After theincident is over, meet with the combatants together so they can give you their versions ofwhat happened and you can help them resolve any lingering problems. Also notify theparents.Speak in a firm, no-nonsense manner to stop a student's aggressive behavior: usephysical restraint as a last resort. When responding to the student, pay attention to yourverbal as well as non-verbal language. Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm. Allow himto express what he is upset about without interrupting him and then acknowledge hisfeelings. Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats: any of thoseactions could intensify his anger and stiffen his resistance.You might conclude that a student's aggressive behavior warrants separating himfrom the rest of the class, either to send him a strong message that what he did merits aserious consequence or to protect the other students. You can do that by giving him a timeout in class or by sending him to the office.Although he might expect you to react punitively, surprise him by reactingsupportively. Express your confidence that he can resolve problems without being hurtfulto his peers. Tell him that you think he must be upset about something to lose control ashe did and you want to understand what might be bothering him. If he does open up toyou, listen attentively without interrupting. Speaking m a calm voice, tell him that youunderstand why he was upset, but stress that he has to find a way to express his angerwith words rather than with his hands.You don't want to force an aggressive student to say he is sorry because that mightfuel his anger, however, you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with thestudent he hit. If he is willing to do that, it will help soothe hurt feelings and avoid futureconflicts.75. What is the purpose of saying something odd when seeing students in a fight?A. To please the students.B. To surprise the students.C. To get the students' attention.D. To distract the students' attention.76. What is to be done about a student's aggressive behavior?A. Respond calmly but finny.B. Tell the student's parents immediately.C. Ask other students for help to stop the action.D. Have the student go to see the principal.77. What is NOT encouraged to do toward an aggressive student?A. Use physical restraint.B. Give the student a time out.C. Point at the student or make threats.D. Talk with the student privately.78. What does the word "'punitively" (in Paragraph 5) probably mean?A. Surprisingly.B. Depressingly.C. Involving persuasion.D. Involving punishment.79. What might be the last step to help all aggressive student?A. Encourage the student to be nice to the student he hit.B. Ask the student to promise he'll never do it again.C. Force the student to apologize for his behavior.D. Persuade the student to open up to you.80. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Problems in Classrooms.B. Dealing with Student Aggression.C. Aggressive Behavior in Classrooms.D. Settling a Student Fight.PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts differentsocieties and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects peopleto people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Somecultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacymakes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which,among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world inrelation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of themost devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizationswhich have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。

太原理工大学研究生英语考试第二学期翻译材料 2

1. 手机刷新了人与人的关系。

会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。

可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。

我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。

尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。

打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。

手机反映出我们的"社交饥渴症"。

最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。

他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。

Few things have changed human relations as much as the cell phone has. It so happens that we often see a notice on a door to a conference room, "Please keep your cell phone off when a meeting is in session." We still, however, always hear the beeps resounding throughout the chamber. The prevalence of using the cell phone today reflects our "thirst for socialization" and symbolizes a connection between us and the outside world. We are therefore reluctant to turn it off, although few of us are VIPs, or those who have many urgencies to take immediate care of. So we often notice such a picture: a pedestrian, all of sudden, stops, his eyes fixed on the phone screen, to edit his messages, oblivious of all other things. Whether being on the road center or beside a toilet does not seem to bother him.2. We, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency - a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential even as we gather here. But there is hopeful news as well: we have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst - though not all - of its consequences, if we act boldly, decisively and quickly.However, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitler's threat: “They go on in strange paradox, decid ed only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.”So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的生存和文明受到威胁。

太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷及答案

太原理工大学基础研究生英语试卷及答案07-1

2007-6PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.A. compellingB. rationalC. ridiculousD. ambiguous22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.A. supportB. restrictC. raiseD. modify23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.A. improve onB. abide byC. draw uponD. reflect on24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.A. abundantB. controversialC. conduciveD. convincing25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.A. more wealthyB. less successfulC. dismissed earlierD. favorably positioned26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.A. influenceB. strengthC. outlookD. consequence27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.A. believedB. discardedC. advocatedD. confirmed28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.A. assessingB. cuttingC. elevatingD. altering29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.A. joinedB. ascribedC. fastenedD. diverted30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.A. dashedB. filedC. strolledD. swarmedSection B (0.5 point each)31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.A. Tied up withB. Fed up withC. Wrapped up inD. Piled up with32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.A. humbleB. obscureC. inferiorD. lower33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.A. humidityB. humanityC. harmonyD. honesty34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.A. vesselB. vestC. ventureD. vehicle35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.A. set aboutB. run forC. sit throughD. make for36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an evendeeper ______between the rich and poor.A. boundaryB. differenceC. wedgeD. variation37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.A. accustomed toB. committed toC. applied toD. suited to38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.A. elegantB. immenseC. hollowD. clumsy39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.A. exposeB. leadC. contributeD. send40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.A. tourB. travelC. visitD. tripPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)HarvardUniversity's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization."Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university." 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, HarvardCollege dean.41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparklingPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneA report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.51. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB. cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD. can be more serious than we used to think53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.A. where the wind is comingB. where the wind is goingC. where the wind is weakerD. where the wind is stronger54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.A. on the left side in the busB. on the right side in the busC. in the middle of the busD. at the back of the bus55. It is implied in the passage that ________.A. people should not take street level transportationB. tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB. stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD. count down for the light to changePassage TwoGlobal warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider."This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.A. can be easedB. can be endedC. will become worseD. will last for decades58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patternsB. subtle changes in atmospheric patternsC. humans' burning of fossil fuelD. increasing levels of carbon dioxide59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. worriedD. insensible60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.A. a region like SiberiaB. a warmer and warmer placeC. a tropical regionD. a place like North Pole62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world isA. lack of harmonyB. violenceC. global warmingD. climate shiftPassage ThreeWe're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.In a recent series of experiments, scientists at StanfordUniversity in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.A. enjoy their present life as much as possibleB. spend every penny they have earnedC. save every penny for the futureD. save some money for later use64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably means “__________”.A. contradictionB. hypothesisC. declarationD. assertion65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United StatesA. have to work hard to make ends meetB. spend more than they can affordC. have trouble in paying back their debtsD. don't pay back their debts on time66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.A. take pleasure in buying useless thingsB. won't buy things that they need.C. spend their money irrationallyD. make rational choices while spending their money67. It has been proved by the scientists at StanfordUniversity that some people like to save money because_____.A. they like keeping their money in the bankB. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the futureC. they don't want to spend their money on useless thingsD. spending money gives them pain68. The passage mainly tells us_________.A. how to spend our moneyB. it is better to save some money for the futureC. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spendingD. how to form a habit of rational spendingPassage FourTrees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by GovindasamyBala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. DrBala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.DrBala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.Overall, DrBala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.3ْC temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6ْC of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3ْC cooler than otherwise.No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, DrBala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to localcooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: £60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from £20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach £300m.69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.A. deep colorB. round shapeC. enormous sizeD. high reflectivity70. DrBala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.A. supports the findings of other climate modelsB. is based on the results of other climate modelsC. uses a system different from other climate modelsD. challenges the basic theory of other climate models71. Based on DrBala's model, a treeless world would__________.A. cause serious environmental problemsB. prove helpful in fighting global warmingC. make it difficult to deal with climate changeD. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature72. According to DrBala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.A. North AmericaB. EuropeC. High-latitude countries.D. tropical countries73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.A. should be taken rather seriouslyB. is unreasonable and far-fetchedC. involves mostly economic interestsD. is voiced on behalf of the government74. The best title for the passage is____________.A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?D. How to Go Green with Green Trees? Passage FiveThe patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.Well, almost certain.Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even fora patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.A. is useful to the people on the lower layerB. is built on a performance-reward systemC. is a barrier to the exchange of medical viewsD. is an effective way of teaching medical students76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.A. the student was not quite certain that she was rightB. the resident did not respond to the student's doubtC. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superiorD. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionallyB. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patientsC. students should retain their faith even after facing some difficultiesD. students should be educated on how to care more about the patients78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?A. Confused.B. Indifferent.C. Reluctant.D. Enthusiastic.79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical studentsA. will remain for a long timeB. will disappear in the near futureC. should not be exaggeratedD. cannot be solved successfully80. The passage focuses on_____________.A. the development of teaching hospitals' hierarchiesB. the different roles in teaching hospitals' hierarchiesC. the future reforms on teaching hospitals' hierarchiesD. the problems caused by teaching hospitals' hierarchiesPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advicemay not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation．Section B(15 minutes，10 points)中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。

硕士基础综合英语试卷C听力及答案

Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (20%)In Sections A，B and C you will hear everything only once．Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section, In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter. Now listen to the conversations.1. A) The 2:00 train will arrive earlier.B) The 2:00 train has a dining car.C) The woman prefers to take the 2:30 train.D) They are going to have some fast food on the train.2. A) She has been longing to attend Harvard University.B) She’ll consider the man’s suggestion carefully.C) She has finished her project with Dr. Garcia’s help.D) She’ll consult Dr. Garcia about entering graduate school.3. A) Alice didn’t seem to be nervous during her speech.B) Alice needs more training in making public speeches.C) The man can hardly u nderstand Alice’s presentation.D) The man didn’t think highly of Alice’s presentation.4. A) It’s worse than 30 years ago.B) It remains almost the same as before.C) There are more extremes in the weather.D) There has been a significant rise in temperature.5. A) At a publishing house. B) At a bookstore.C) In a reading room. D) In Prof. Jordan’s office.6. A) The man can stay in her brother’s apartment.B) Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.C) Her brother can find an apartment for the man.D) The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.7. A) Priority should be given to listening.B) It’s most helpful to read English newspaper everyday.C) It’s most effective to combine listening with reading.D) Reading should come before listening.8. A) It can help solve complex problems. B) It will most likely prove ineffective.C) It is a new weapon against terrorists. D) It will help detect all kinds of liars. Long Conversation one:Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) Over the telephone. B) In an architecture firm.C) In an art gallery. D) In a company.10. A) He will speak to Mr. Shaw on the line.B) He will leave a message to Mr. Shaw.C) He will pay a visit to Mr. Shaw in his office.D) He will consult Mr. Shaw about arts.11. A) He has attractive eyes. B) He works for an architecture firm.C) The color of his hair is blue. D) He is taller than some of his colleagues. Long Conversation two:Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) In a restaurant. B) In a hotel roomC) In a shopping mall. D) At a hotel laundry.13. A) Because he will go out for business at 10:30.B) Because he will leave the hotel in the morning the second day.C) Because he needs to wear the clothes for an important occasion.D) Because he wants to check out the hotel as early as possible.14. A) On his shirt. B) On his suit.C) On his pants. D) Near the button.15. A) It’s loose.B) It’s missing.C) It’s too ti ght. D) It was not sewn well last time. SECTION B PASSAGEDIRECTIONS:Listen to the following passage. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Synthetic fuel. B) Solar energy.C) Alcohol. D) Electricity.17. A) Air traffic conditions. B) Traffic jams on highway.C) Road condition. D) New traffic rules.18. A) Go through a health check. B) Carry little luggage.C) Arrive early for boarding. D) Undergo security checks.SECTION C NEWS ITEMSDIRECTIONS: In this section, you will hear several news broadcasts. Listen to the items carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 19 and 20 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.19. What happened during the New Y ear celebration in Thailand?A) Terrorists fought with Government troops.B) Thai troops killed terrorists.C) There were shootings.D) There were explosions.20. What has led to the violent situation in the south of Thailand?A) The Muslims wanted independence.B) Thai troops have been sent there.C) About 2000 people have been killed.D) There have been more bombings since 2004.Questions 21 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.21. Where was the marble statue found?A) Out in the sea. B) Inside a bath house.C) On a cliff along the coast. D) On the coast outside Jerusalem.22. Which of the following best describes the condition of the statue?A) It was incomplete. B) It was recent artwork.C) It was fairly tall. D) It was in pieces.Question 23 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.23.What is this news item mainly about?A) How to open Hotmail accounts.B) How to retrieve missing e-mails．C) New e-mail service by Microsoft.D) Problems and complaints about e-mails．Questions 24 and 25 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.24. According to the news, who first discovered the fraud?A) A client. B) A bank manager. C) The police. D) Bank headquarters.25.When did the bank employee hand himself in?A) A month before the fraud was discovered.B) A day before the fraud was discovered.C) A day after the police launched investigation.D) A month after he transferred the money.I. Listening Comprehension 25% 1-25 (20 points with 0.8 point for each )1-5： C D A C B 6-10：A C B B C11-15: C D B C A 16-20: D A B D A21-25: D A D B C听力文本Conversation OneW: Good morning, sir. Can I help you?M: Y es, please. I want to speak to one of the architects.W: Yes. Who do you want to see?M: I’m afraid I can’t remember his name.W: Was it Thomas, or Shaw, or Taylor or Lee?M: (ah) I’m not certain. (er ) He’s a young man.W: Well, they’re all young.M: (er) Well, he’s tall. (ah) About six feet in height, I’d sayW: Ah, well, its not Mr. Taylor. He’s quite short. But the others are tall.M: And he’s got brown hair, and he’s fair.W: Probably Mr. Shaw. What color are his eyes?M: Oh yes, his eyes. Blue. Bright blue. Quite remarkable, really.W: Ah, well. that’s Mr. Shaw. Tom Shaw. He has very blue eyes.M: Y es. They’re the first thing you notice about him, really.W: Oh, yes. Most people ask to see the one with blue eyes!M: Tom Shaw, you said.W: That’s right. I’ll give him a buzz. Who shall I say is calling?M: Mike Simpson from Mathers.W: Mr. Shaw’s in the room at the top of the stairs, Mr. Simpson. Y ou can’t miss it. M: Thank you very much.9.Where does this conversation most probably take place?10. What will the man do after the conversation?11. Which of the following is NOT true of Mr. Shaw?Conversation TwoM: I want to have these shirts washed and suit dry cleaned.W: V ery well, sir. Y our name and room number, please.M: Philip, Room 508.W: Yes, sir. I got it.M: By the way, there is a stain on my trousers. Can you remove it?W: Let me see. This one on the pants? Y es, I believe we can get this spot out all right. M: And one button on the vest is loose. Could you sew it on tightly?W: OK, sir. Here is your slip, sir.M: Good. And when can I get my laundry back?W: Are you in a hurry for it?M: Y es, since I expect to check out tomorrow morning, I want it ready by 10 at the latest.W: My goodness, you certainly are in a hurry. But don’t worry. We’ll do our best and have it ready before you leave.M: Thank goodness! I’ll be back at about 10:30 tomorrow morning, then.W: All right, sir.(Pause)M: Hello, is my laundry ready?W: Just a moment, please. I’ll check. Oh yes, it’s ready. Here you are, sir. But shall we send it ot your room, sir?M: Could you? That’s good. How much do I owe you?W: Two dollars and a quarter, sir.M: Here you are. I’ll be back in my room in half an hour, so send my laundry about 10:30, please.W: All right, sir.12. Where does this conversation most probably take place?13. Why does the man expect his clothes to be delivered to his room before 10 o’clock?14. Where is the stain the man specified?15. What does the man say about the button?Passage one (缺)News Item 1The New Y ear celebrations in Thailand were shattered by violence, when 9 bombs exploded across Bangkok around midnight. Three Thai citizens were killed and more than 30 injured. No terrorist group claimed responsibility for the bombings by Tuesday. Some believe the explosions were the work of Muslin separatists. Bombings and shootings occur almost daily in Thailand’s three southernmost provinces: Y ala, Narathiwat and Purtonia have a dominant Muslin population and have long complained of neglect and discrimination in the largely Buddhist nation. They have asked for independence and separate Islamic state. Since 2004, the insurgences have carried out numerous attacks in the south, and more than 1900 people have been killed. The Thai government has been unable to curb the violence, though thousands of troops have been sent to the south.News Item 2A huge storm that collapsed part of a cliff on Israel’s central coast led to the discovery of a statue dating back to the Roman period, the Israel Antiquities Authority said Tuesday.The white marble statue of a woman is estimated to be 2,000 years old. It stands 1.2 meters tall, weighs about 200 kilograms and was found with no head or arms, according to a news release by the Authority. A person walking on the shore at Ashkelon on the west coast of Jerusalem made the discovery, the Authority said. “The statue fell into the sea when the cliff collapsed as a result of the storm. The collapse also ruined a bath house and mosaics that had been in the cliff for many hundreds of years.” The storm, one of the strongest Israel has experienced in recent years, brought winds of more than 100 kph that sent 10-meter waves crashing into Israel’s coast.News Item 3Some Hotmail users are reporting that their e-mails are missing from their accounts. A number of people with Hotmail accounts have posted complaints on Microsoft forums, complaining that their e-mails have been deleted. Users around the world said e-mails were missing from their in-box and other folders within their Hotmail accounts. A spokeswoman from Microsoft said thatthe issue of missing e-mails was not a wide-spread problem. “By Sunday evening the issue was fully resolved,” she said. The company apologized for any inconvenience.News Item 4Police in India have arrested a CITI Bank employee accused of cheating clients out of millions of dollars. Shivraj Puri, 32, who is expected to appear in court later, told an Indian newspaper he was innocent. The alleged fraud was discovered earlier this month in a branch of the global bank in Gurgaon, a wealthy suburb of Delhi. The bank has said investors were promised quick high returns from a bogus financial scheme. It is alleged that Mr. Puri transferred the money into accounts controlled by three relatives. Mr. Puri reportedly handed himself in on Thursday, a day after police said he was wanted for questioning. The alleged fraud came to light earlier this month when a client mentioned the scheme to a senior bank manager.。

太原理工大学研究生英语口语

3.About objectDescribe the most important gift you have received.Why is it the most important gift ? Include details to support your explanation.4.About successDo you agree or disagree with the following statement ? Only people who have power and earna lot of money are successful. Use specific reasons and examples in your answer.Many people strongly believe that large income equals success. According to me success is more than earning a lot of money. In my point of view only people who earn a lot of love and affection, respect, fame are the successful people. So I disagree with the statement that only people who earn a lot of money are successful.First of all gaining love and affection is important to me. If we have lot of money but if we don’t have a person who cares and loves you means what you will do with that money. You can’t buy love and affections with money. Some people think that if we earn lot of money means we can do anything. Some time they will neglect their family members in busy of earning money. Some time they don’t have time to enjoy their personal life, and then what is the use of that money. Life is short we have a lot of relations you should respect them.Next getting respect is significant. For example my neighbors are very rich, they are not attendany functions in colony. They can think that everything get by money. They won’t get respect from the colony. When you will respect others then others will respect you.Teachers are earns low salaries but their name, fame and respect, we can’t describe in words. Job satisfaction is important than earning lot of money.Most people assume that famous people are rich people. I don’t think that is true because I saw many people who are famous but not rich. For example Mother TheresaEverybody know her well, she is a famous social worker. When she was come to India she has few rupees in her pocket, because her helping nature she got a name and fame. Mother Theresa was great humanitarian.许多人坚信，大的收入等于成功。

太原理工大学研究生基础英语试卷12年

２０１２－６　研究生学位英语考试试题Part One：ListeningPart Two：Vocabulary1．Please do not be ____ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.A disregardedB distortedC irritatedD intervened2. Craig assured his boss that he would ____ all his energies in doing this new job.A call forthB call atC call onD call off3. Too much ____ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.A disclosureB exhibitionC contactD exposure4. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ____, and I can hardly remember my own date of birth.A dimB blankC faintD vain5. It is well known that knowledge is the ____ condition for expansion of mind.A incompatibleB incredibleC indefiniteD indispensable6. Language, culture, and personality may be considered ____ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.A indistinctlyB separatelyC irrelevantlyD independently7. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to ____ her laughter.A hold backB hold onC hold outD hold up8. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ____ attitude toward customers.A impartialB mildC hostileD opposing9. I ____ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.A expressB confessC verifyD acknowledge10. It is strictly ____ that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.A securedB forbiddenC regulatedD determined11. The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in ____ again next spring.A assemblyB sessionC conferenceD convention12. Christmas is a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th ____ the birth of Jesus Christ.A in accordance withB in terms ofC in favor ofD in honor of13. Since it is too late to change my mind now, I am ____ to carrying out the plan.A obligedB committedC engagedD resolved14. It was a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it ____ as well as we had hoped.A came offB went offC brought outD make out15. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must ____ the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.A improveB enhanceC guaranteeD gear16. He left early on the ____ that he had a bad toothache and had to see the dentist.A prescriptionB pretextC knowledgeD precondition17. The new edition of the encyclopedia ____ many improvements, which is the result of the persistent effort of all the compilers.A embeddedB embodiedC enchantedD enclosed18. The boys and girls ____ together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs.A reversedB clappedC clusteredD contracted19. The new underground railway will ____ the journey to all parts of the city.A consumeB eliminateC formulateD facilitate20. The speaker a ttracted t he audience a t the very beginning of the lecture by giving a ____ description of his personal experience.A globalB graciousC graphicD prescriptivePart Three：ReadingPassage oneThe potential of closed-circuit television and other new electronic teaching tools is so great that it is fascinating to visualize ¡°the school of tomorrow¡±.Televised l essons w ill originate from a central building having perhaps f our or five master studios. The lessons will be carried into classrooms all over a city, or even an entire country.After a televised lesson has been given, the classroom teacher will take over for theall-important ¡°follow-up¡± period. The students will ask troublesome questions, and difficult pointswill be cleared up through discussion.The teacher in the classroom will have additional electronic tools. On the teacher¡¯s desk, the¡ªcontrol panel and magnetic tape traditional bright red apple will have been replaced by a multipleplayers. The tape machines will run prerecorded lessons which pupils will follow by headphones.The lessons will be specifically geared to the students¡¯ levels of ability. For instance, which the class as a whole studies h istory, each student w ill receive a n individual history lesson, d irected t o his particular level of ability.Should questions a rise, the students w ill be able to talk directly to the teacher o n individualf the class. In this way, the teacher will be able to conduct¡°intercoms¡± without disturbing the rest oas many as three classes at the same time.1.This article is mainly about_______.A. televisionB. electronicsC. the schools of the futureD. communication2. Closed-circuit television will probably carry lessons to_____.A.　a single classroomB. one schoolC. all the classrooms in the worldD. all the classrooms in a city or country3. In the schools of tomorrow, the teacher¡¯s desk will____.A. contain electronic equipmentB. actually be a television setC. no longer existD. look like an isolation booth4. In the schools of tomorrow, students will4. In the schools of tomorrow, students will_____.A. all study different subjects at the same timeB. study at different levels within a subject at the same timeC. not studyD. not have to read books5. Electronic tools will enable the teacher to5. Electronic tools will enable the teacher to_____.A. teach more than one class at the same timeB. retireC. teach only a small number of pupilsD. rely on TV stations onlyPassage Two：Industrial Psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.The selection o f workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering t he special aptitudes and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such a ptitudes a nd characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has longbeen a field of psychological research.Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental a im of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist's function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis o n increased p roduction. Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motions r equired to do the job, the equipment used, and the conditions u nder which the job is performed. A fter making such a study, the industrial psychologist o ften determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine t helength of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hoursalso suggest less direct requirements f or general improvement of job performance, s uch as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management.6. From the first sentence of passage, we learn that the primary objective of industrial psychology is to study ______.A. working efficiency that leads to the highest outputB. the working skills and the working environmentC. the techniques leading to the highest productivityD. the utilization of workers to get the greatest profit7. A test in industrial psychology is used to find out ______.A. a worker¡¯s achievementsB.　a worker's potential for a certain jobC.　a worker's psychological problemD.　a worker's motivation for a certain job8. The industrial psychologist¡¯s function differs from that of the efficiency experts in that theformer______.A. places great emphasis on maximum productionB. never cares about the increase of productionC. is mainly concerned with workers' satisfactionD. worries a lot about those workers in poor working conditions9. In an industrial psychologist's mind, all of the following is important EXCEPT______.A. the steps in which work is doneB. the state of mind of a worker when workingC. the effect of working environment on a workerD. the value of the product a worker is making10. It is certain that ______.A. Two breaks in a day lead to higher productivity than oneB. working less hours can yield the highest efficiencyC. communication is increasing between the employers and employeesD. changing tools will help increase the productionPassage Three：The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx. once widely spoken on the isle of Man butnow extinct. Government financing and central planning, however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required t o learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe¡¯s regional languages, spoken b y more than a half-million of the country¡¯s three million people.The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, i mplemented b y Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club- Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales-a bigger say and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or the European Union is spent. I t cannot, u nlike its counterpart in E dinburgh,enact l aws. But now that it is here, t he Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. M any peoplewould like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow with the opening in 2003, of a new debating c hamber, o ne of many new buildings that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying s eaport i nto a Baltimore-style w aterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two milliondollars from the European Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western Europe- only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and women, boostingself-esteem. To familiar faces s uch as Dylan Thomas a nd Richard Burton have been a dded n ewicons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh l amb are in vogue. And Wales now boasts a national airline. AwyrCymru. Cymru, which means ¡°land o f compatriots,¡± is the Welsh name f or Wales. The red dragon, t he- on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even nation¡¯s symbol since the time of King Arthur, is everywherecell phone covers.¡°Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-class c itizens,¡± said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in L lanelli, an industrial town in the south, outside the rock musicvenue of the National Eisteddfod, Wales¡¯s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the sounds of new Welsh bands.¡°There w as almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,¡± Dyfan continued. Equally comfortable in h is Welshness as in his membership in the English-speaking, global youth cultureand the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his generation, is growing up with a sense ofwe¡¯re only Welsh. possibility unimaginable ten years ago. ¡°We used to think. We can¡¯t do anything,Now I think that¡¯s changing.¡±11. According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant toA. maintain the present status among the nations.B. reduce legislative powers of England.C. create a better state of equality among the nations.D. grant more say to all the nations in the union.12. The word ¡°centrifugal¡± in the second paragraph meansA. separatist.B. conventional.C. feudal.D. political13. Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPTire for devolution.A. people¡¯s desB. locals¡¯ turnout for the voting.C. powers of the legislative body.D. status of the national language.A. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-r elief funds have come from the European Union.¡ÌC. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people¡¯s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town¡¯s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage Four：What is true? What is right? What is beautiful? Science considers what is true, starting outwith almost unimaginable ideas (The earth is moving! The future is unpredictable!). The job is to understand these ideas and fit them into a broad and logical picture of the universe. P olitics considers what is right. This requires broad understanding and eventual consensus of points of view that often appear incompatible. Art is the development of what is beautiful---whether through words, a musical note, or architecture.Truth, morality, beauty. It has been humanity¡¯s persistent hope that these three ideas should be consistent with each other. Yet successful activities in science, politics, and art diverge greatly, and I believe the three activities can be pursued i nitially without regard to each other, or without reconciling the possible conflicts that may arise. Today, there is perceived to be a strong contradiction b etween t he results of science a nd the requirements of morality; for instance, t he application of science has led to the development of nuclear weapons, while international morality¡ª¡ª and that research leading to them should be seems to demand that such results never be appliedstopped. I hold a position radically different from the general point of view, believing that contradiction and uncertainty should be enhanced.Niel Bohr loved contradiction. He would not tolerate the idea that quantum mechanics might some day supersede classical p hysics. For Bohr, classical physics had to remain in permanentA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-r elief funds have come from the European Union.¡ÌC. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people¡¯s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town¡¯s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage Four：What is true? What is right? What is beautiful? Science considers what is true, starting outwith almost unimaginable ideas (The earth is moving! The future is unpredictable!). The job is to understand these ideas and fit them into a broad and logical picture of the universe. P olitics considers what is right. This requires broad understanding and eventual consensus of points of view that often appear incompatible. Art is the development of what is beautiful---whether through words, a musical note, or architecture.Truth, morality, beauty. It has been humanity¡¯s persistent hope that these three ideas should be consistent with each other. Yet successful activities in science, politics, and art diverge greatly, and I believe the three activities can be pursued i nitially without regard to each other, or without reconciling the possible conflicts that may arise. Today, there is perceived to be a strong contradiction b etween t he results of science a nd the requirements of morality; for instance, t he application of science has led to the development of nuclear weapons, while international morality¡ª¡ª and that research leading to them should be seems to demand that such results never be appliedstopped. I hold a position radically different from the general point of view, believing that contradiction and uncertainty should be enhanced.Niel Bohr loved contradiction. He would not tolerate the idea that quantum mechanics might some day supersede classical p hysics. For Bohr, classical physics had to remain in permanentA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-r elief funds have come from the European Union.¡ÌC. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people¡¯s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town¡¯s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage Four：What is true? What is right? What is beautiful? Science considers what is true, starting outwith almost unimaginable ideas (The earth is moving! The future is unpredictable!). The job is to understand these ideas and fit them into a broad and logical picture of the universe. P olitics considers what is right. This requires broad understanding and eventual consensus of points of view that often appear incompatible. Art is the development of what is beautiful---whether through words, a musical note, or architecture.Truth, morality, beauty. It has been humanity¡¯s persistent hope that these three ideas should be consistent with each other. Yet successful activities in science, politics, and art diverge greatly, and I believe the three activities can be pursued i nitially without regard to each other, or without reconciling the possible conflicts that may arise. Today, there is perceived to be a strong contradiction b etween t he results of science a nd the requirements of morality; for instance, t he application of science has led to the development of nuclear weapons, while international morality¡ª¡ª and that research leading to them should be seems to demand that such results never be appliedstopped. I hold a position radically different from the general point of view, believing that contradiction and uncertainty should be enhanced.Niel Bohr loved contradiction. He would not tolerate the idea that quantum mechanics might some day supersede classical p hysics. For Bohr, classical physics had to remain in permanent14. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh national identityA. Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.B. Poverty-r elief funds have come from the European Union.¡ÌC. A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.D. The national symbol has become a familiar sight.15. According to Dyfan Jones what has changed isA. people¡¯s mentality.B. pop culture.C. town¡¯s appearance.D. possibilities for the people.Passage Four：What is true? What is right? What is beautiful? Science considers what is true, starting outwith almost unimaginable ideas (The earth is moving! The future is unpredictable!). The job is to understand these ideas and fit them into a broad and logical picture of the universe. P olitics considers what is right. This requires broad understanding and eventual consensus of points of view that often appear incompatible. Art is the development of what is beautiful---whether through words, a musical note, or architecture.Truth, morality, beauty. It has been humanity¡¯s persistent hope that these three ideas should be consistent with each other. Yet successful activities in science, politics, and art diverge greatly, and I believe the three activities can be pursued i nitially without regard to each other, or without reconciling the possible conflicts that may arise. Today, there is perceived to be a strong contradiction b etween t he results of science a nd the requirements of morality; for instance, t he application of science has led to the development of nuclear weapons, while international morality¡ª¡ª and that research leading to them should be seems to demand that such results never be appliedstopped. I hold a position radically different from the general point of view, believing that contradiction and uncertainty should be enhanced.Niel Bohr loved contradiction. He would not tolerate the idea that quantum mechanics might some day supersede classical p hysics. For Bohr, classical physics had to remain in permanentcommunication.4. It is known to all that knowledge is power. Young people without knowledge cannot expect tobecome assets to society. I n order to acquire profound knowledge, they strive to study well inschool in the first place. This does not mean that knowledge only consists in books. In most cases, the knowledge from books is no substitute for the knowledge derived from social practices. For this obvious reason, young people should also regard it as indispensable to their acquirement of knowledge to learn earnestly from the experienced people and from society as well. In short, theof rightly motivated young people are advised to insist on obtaining knowledge from all kindssources.5. 今天，环境问题变得越来越严重了。

太原理工大学科技英语(一)全部复习资料(1)

一．英汉互译1.Friction（摩擦）will causethe bearingsto become heated摩擦会使轴承变热2.Eachatom normally has the same number of electrons revolving about the nuclear asit has protons.通常每个原子内绕原子核旋转的电子数和原子核内的质子数相同3.In a solid or liquid,the molecules are much closer together,resulting in much more material in a given volume.在液体和固体中，分子结合得紧密得多，导致在一定体积内的物质也多得多4.The determination of what element or elements are present in a substance is called qualitative analysis.测定物质中存在哪种或哪几种元素叫做定性分析5.Thesteel should not contain more than0.5%of carbon钢中的含碳量不应超过0.5%6.Sounddoes not travel asfast aslight声音不如光传播的快7.Theinstallation of the new equipment is the responsibility of the manufacturers.厂家负责安装这种新机器二．填空题1.From the results of the measurements it can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venusis too hot for life asknown on earth.从观测结果可以得出结论：金星表面的温度对地球上已知的生物来说太高。

(完整word版)专业英语考试题(太原理工)

1. Which of the following is not a required part of an information system?A. PeopleB. ProceduresC. InternetD. Data2. The physical equipment that processes data in order to create information is called theA. typologyB. compilerC. hardwareD. software3. The word "software" is interchangeable with the wordA. procedureB. applicationC. programD. computer4. What are the two major software types?A. System analysis software and data warehousing softwareB. Operating system software and utilities softwareC. System software and application softwareD. Database management software and application software5. Which of the following is a collection of programs rather than a single program?A. ProceduresB. System softwareC. HardwareD. Application software6. "Background" software that allows the computers to work is calledA. shareware.B. application software.C. desktop.D. system software.7. Identify the program that coordinates computer resources, provides an interface between users and the computer, and runs applications.A. Systems softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. Device driver8. Disk Defragmenter eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations. This is an example of which type of program?A. System softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. Utilities9. System software includes all of the following exceptA. operating systems.B. device drivers.C. utilities.D. browser.10. Which of the following is most likely to be used to monitor manufacturing processes and assembly-line operations?A. MinicomputersB. Mainframe computersC. SupercomputersD. Microcomputers11. Desktop, media center, notebook, netbook, tablet PC, and handheld computers are classified asA. mainframe computers.B. supercomputers.C. minicomputers.D. microcomputers.12. The most widely used handheld computers areA. laptop computers.B. PDAs and smartphones.C. notebooks and netbooks.D. tablet PCs.13. A specific type of notebook computer that accepts handwriting is called aA. laptop computerB. netbookC. subnotebookD. tablet PC14. This computer component holds data that is currently being processed.A. RAMB. ROMC. BusD. Ports15. Which of the following will not retain data after the computer is turned off?A. DVDB. RAMC. ROMD. Hard drive16. Identify the four basic categories of hardware in a microcomputer system.A. Hard disk, input/output, secondary storage, and display devices.B. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and primary storage.C. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication.D. System unit, modem, RAM, and microprocessor.17. The most common output devices areA. monitors and printers.B. DVD drives and monitors.C. speakers and printers.D. printers and DVD drives.18. Which one of the following is not considered a form of secondary storage?A. Solid-state storageB. Optical diskC. RAMD. Hard disk19. Flash memory cards are a type of what kind of secondary storage?A. Optical disksB. Hard drivesC. High-definition disksD. Solid-state storage20. The most widely used communication device isA. a personal computer.B. the Internet.C. a telephone line.D. a modem.21. Which of the following is not an example of a document file?A. SpreadsheetB. MemoC. LetterD. Term paper22. A financial budget would typically be what type of data file?A. A databaseB. A worksheetC. A presentationD. A document23. Employee records, including names, social security numbers, and related information, would typically be what type of data files?A. Document filesB. Presentation filesC. Database filesD. Worksheet files24. The capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers is referred to asA. the wireless revolution.B. system memory.C. computer competency.D. connectivity.25. The Internet is the largest _____ in the world.A. networkB. system unitC. database programD. operating systemTrue / False Questions26. The five parts of an information system are: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.True False27. The purpose of software is to convert data into information.True False28. Software is another name for a program or programs.True False29. To be a competent computer user, you must understand the essentials of information technology (IT).True False30. Application software is "background" software which helps the computer manage its own internal resources.True False31. System software is a collection of programs.True False32. Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that is commonly used to format secondary devices. True False33. System software might be described as end user software.True False34. A browser is an example of a specialized application.True False35. Another name for a minicomputer is midrange computer.True False36. Insurance companies are most likely to use midrange computers to process information about millions of policyholders.True False37. Media centers combine the functionality of a desktop computer with an entertainment center.True False38. Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor and the hard disk. True False39. A system unit consists of the keyboard and the monitor.True False40. RAM will retain data when the computer is turned off.True False41. The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.True False42. Secondary storage will retain data when the computer is turned off.True False43. Solid-state storage uses rigid metallic platters to store data using the magnetic charges of the disk's surface.True False44. The four common types of files are document files, worksheet files, database files, and presentation files.True False45. Highly structured and organized data is stored in database files.True FalseFill in the Blank Questions46. Computer _____ refers to acquiring computer-related skills.________________________________________47. The rules to follow when using software, hardware, and data are called _____.________________________________________48. _____ is the equipment that processes data to create information.________________________________________49. Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called _____.________________________________________50. _____ is a collection of programs that helps the computer manage its own resources and enables application software to interact with computer hardware.________________________________________51. _____ are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.________________________________________52. Application software can be categorized as either basic applications or _____ applications.________________________________________53. The basic application used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet is calleda _____.________________________________________54. _____ computers are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.________________________________________55. The six types of microcomputers are: _____ computers, media centers, notebooks, netbooks, tablet PCs, and handheld computers.________________________________________56. _____ computers are the smallest type of microcomputer and are designed to fit into the palm of one hand.________________________________________57. The _____ is the container that houses most of the electronic components of a computer system.________________________________________58. _____storage devices do not lose data or programs after the electrical power is turned off.________________________________________59. _____are rigid metallic platters used to store programs and very large data files.________________________________________60. _____ are secondary storage devices that have the greatest capacity.________________________________________61. A _____ file might contain audience handouts and speaker notes in addition to electronic slides.________________________________________62. Increased use of mobile devices has been termed the _____ revolution.________________________________________63. A _____ is a communications system connecting two or more computers.________________________________________64. The _____provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.________________________________________65. The largest network in the world is the _____.________________________________________Essay Questions66. Describe all the parts of an information system.67. Where would it be most relevant to use the term "data" and the term "information"? Give an example of each.68. What is an operating system? Give two examples.69. What is application software? Describe the two categories of the application software.70. What are the differences between a supercomputer and a mainframe computer?71. Describe the differences between minicomputers and microcomputers.72. Describe the different types of microcomputers with relevant examples.73. Explain what a system unit is.74. What is secondary storage? What is the difference between hard disks and solid-state storage?75. Describe the four types of files.Multiple Choice Questions1. (p. 4) Which of the following is not a required part of an information system?A. PeopleB. ProceduresC. InternetD. DataAn information system has five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. Difficulty: Easy2. (p. 6) The physical equipment that processes data in order to create information is called theA. typologyB. compilerC. hardwareD. softwareThe equipment that processes the data to create information is called hardware. Difficulty: Easy3. (p. 8) The word "software" is interchangeable with the wordA. procedureB. applicationC. programD. computerThe words software and programs are interchangeable.Difficulty: Easy4. (p. 8) What are the two major software types?A. System analysis software and data warehousing softwareB. Operating system software and utilities softwareC. System software and application softwareD. Database management software and application softwareThere are two major kinds of software: system software and application software.Difficulty: Easy5. (p. 9) Which of the following is a collection of programs rather than a single program?A. ProceduresB. System softwareC. HardwareD. Application softwareSystem software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection of programs, including operating systems, utilities, and device drivers.Difficulty: Easy6. (p. 9) "Background" software that allows the computers to work is calledA. shareware.B. application software.C. desktop.D. system software.System software is "background" software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources.Difficulty: Medium7. (p. 9) Identify the program that coordinates computer resources, provides an interface between users and the computer, and runs applications.A. Systems softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. Device driverOperating systems are programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.Difficulty: Easy8. (p. 9) Disk Defragmenter eliminates unnecessary file fragments and rearranges files andunused disk space to optimize computer operations. This is an example of which type of program?A. System softwareB. Operating systemC. Application softwareD. UtilitiesUtilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.Difficulty: Hard9. (p. 9) System software includes all of the following exceptA. operating systems.B. device drivers.C. utilities.D. browser.A browser is used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet. It is an example of application software, not system software.Difficulty: Medium10. (p. 11) Which of the following is most likely to be used to monitor manufacturing processes and assembly-line operations?A. MinicomputersB. Mainframe computersC. SupercomputersD. MicrocomputersMinicomputers are refrigerator-sized machines often used in medium-sized companies or departments of large companies for specific purposes, such as monitoring manufacturing processes and assembly-line operations.Difficulty: Medium11. (p. 11) Desktop, media center, notebook, netbook, tablet PC, and handheld computers are classified asA. mainframe computers.B. supercomputers.C. minicomputers.D. microcomputers.These computers are classified as microcomputers.Difficulty: Easy12. (p. 11) The most widely used handheld computers areA. laptop computers.B. PDAs and smartphones.C. notebooks and netbooks.D. tablet PCs.PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) and smartphones are the most widely used handheld computers.Difficulty: Easy13. (p. 11) A specific type of notebook computer that accepts handwriting is called aA. laptop computerB. netbookC. subnotebookD. tablet PCA tablet PC is a type of notebook that accepts handwriting, converting the input to standard text that can be used by programs such as word processors.Difficulty: Easy14. (p. 12) This computer component holds data that is currently being processed.A. RAMB. ROMC. BusD. PortsRAM holds the program and data that is currently being processed.Difficulty: Medium15. (p. 12) Which of the following will not retain data after the computer is turned off?A. DVDB. RAMC. ROMD. Hard driveRAM is referred to as temporary storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted.Difficulty: Easy16. (p. 12) Identify the four basic categories of hardware in a microcomputer system.A. Hard disk, input/output, secondary storage, and display devices.B. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and primary storage.C. System unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication.D. System unit, modem, RAM, and microprocessor.Hardware for a microcomputer system consists of a variety of different devices. This physical equipment falls into four basic categories: system unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication.Difficulty: Medium17. (p. 12) The most common output devices areA. monitors and printers.B. DVD drives and monitors.C. speakers and printers.D. printers and DVD drives.Monitors and printers are the most common output devices.Difficulty: Easy18. (p. 12) Which one of the following is not considered a form of secondary storage?A. Solid-state storageB. Optical diskC. RAMD. Hard diskThe most important kinds of secondary media are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical disks. RAM is primary, not secondary, storage.Difficulty: Easy19. (p. 13) Flash memory cards are a type of what kind of secondary storage?A. Optical disksB. Hard drivesC. High-definition disksD. Solid-state storageThe three types of solid-state storage are solid-state drives, flash memory cards, and USB drives.Difficulty: Medium20. (p. 14) The most widely used communication device isA. a personal computer.B. the Internet.C. a telephone line.D. a modem.A modem is the most widely used communication device. A modem modifies telephone communications into a form that can be processed by a computer.Difficulty: Medium21. (p. 15) Which of the following is not an example of a document file?A. SpreadsheetB. MemoC. LetterD. Term paperSpreadsheets are classified as worksheet files.Difficulty: Easy22. (p. 15) A financial budget would typically be what type of data file?A. A databaseB. A worksheetC. A presentationD. A documentWorksheets are used to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales.Difficulty: Hard23. (p. 15) Employee records, including names, social security numbers, and related information, would typically be what type of data files?A. Document filesB. Presentation filesC. Database filesD. Worksheet filesDatabase files contain highly structured and organized data storing records of related information.Difficulty: Medium24. (p. 15) The capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers is referred to asA. the wireless revolution.B. system memory.C. computer competency.D. connectivity.Connectivity is the capability of your microcomputer to share information with other computers.Difficulty: Medium25. (p. 16) The Internet is the largest _____ in the world.A. networkB. system unitC. database programD. operating systemThe largest network in the world is the Internet. It is like a giant highway that connects you to millions of other people and organizations located throughout the world.Difficulty: MediumTrue / False Questions26. (p. 5) The five parts of an information system are: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.TRUEThe five parts of an information system are people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.Difficulty: Medium27. (p. 6) The purpose of software is to convert data into information.TRUEThe purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).28. (p. 6) Software is another name for a program or programs.TRUESoftware is another name for a program or programs.Difficulty: Easy29. (p. 6) To be a competent computer user, you must understand the essentials of information technology (IT).TRUEIn microcomputer systems, end users must understand the essentials of IT, including software, hardware, and data.Difficulty: Easy30. (p. 9) Application software is "background" software which helps the computer manage its own internal resources.FALSESystem software, not application software, helps the computer manage its own internal resources.Difficulty: Medium31. (p. 9) System software is a collection of programs.TRUESystem software is not a single program. Rather it is a collection of programs including the operating system, utilities, and device drivers.Difficulty: Medium32. (p. 9) Disk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that is commonly used to format secondary devices.FALSEDisk Defragmenter is a Windows utility that is used to locate and eliminate unnecessary file fragments and rearrange files and unused disk space to optimize computer operations.33. (p. 9) System software might be described as end user software.FALSEApplication software, not system software, may be described as end user software.Difficulty: Hard34. (p. 9) A browser is an example of a specialized application.FALSEA browser is an example of a basic application.Difficulty: Easy35. (p. 10) Another name for a minicomputer is midrange computer.TRUEMinicomputers are also known as midrange computers.Difficulty: Easy36. (p. 10) Insurance companies are most likely to use midrange computers to process information about millions of policyholders.FALSEInsurance companies use mainframe computers for this purpose.Difficulty: Medium37. (p. 11) Media centers combine the functionality of a desktop computer with an entertainment center.TRUEMedia centers blur the line between desktop computers and dedicated entertainment devices. Difficulty: Medium38. (p. 12) Two important components of the system unit are the microprocessor and the hard disk.FALSEThe primary components of the system unit are the microprocessor and memory.Difficulty: Medium39. (p. 12) A system unit consists of the keyboard and the monitor.FALSEThe system unit is a container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system.Difficulty: Easy40. (p. 12) RAM will retain data when the computer is turned off.FALSERAM is sometimes referred to as temporary storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted.Difficulty: Medium41. (p. 12) The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.TRUEThe two most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard.Difficulty: Easy42. (p. 12) Secondary storage will retain data when the computer is turned off.TRUESecondary storage does not lose data and programs when electrical power to the computer is disrupted.Difficulty: Medium43. (p. 13) Solid-state storage uses rigid metallic platters to store data using the magnetic charges of the disk's surface.FALSESolid-state storage does not have any moving parts. Hard disks use metallic platters to store data using the magnetic charges of the disk's surface.Difficulty: Hard44. (p. 15) The four common types of files are document files, worksheet files, database files, and presentation files.TRUEThe four types of files include document files, worksheet files, database files, and presentation files.Difficulty: Medium45. (p. 15) Highly structured and organized data is stored in database files.TRUEDatabase management programs contain highly structured and organized data.Difficulty: MediumFill in the Blank Questions46. (p. 4) Computer _____ refers to acquiring computer-related skills.competencyComputer competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills, and is an indispensable tool for today.Difficulty: Medium47. (p. 5) The rules to follow when using software, hardware, and data are called _____. proceduresThe rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data are procedures.Difficulty: Hard48. (p. 6) _____ is the equipment that processes data to create information.HardwareHardware is the equipment that processes data to create information.Difficulty: Medium49. (p. 6) Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called _____. dataSoftware processes data (raw, unprocessed facts) to yield information (processed facts).Difficulty: Hard50. (p. 8) _____ is a collection of programs that helps the computer manage its own resources and enables application software to interact with computer hardware.System softwareSystem software includes operating systems, utilities, and device drivers to help the computer manage internal resources and enable application software to interact with computer hardware.Difficulty: Medium51. (p. 9) _____ are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.Device driversDevice drivers are specialized programs designed to allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.Difficulty: Hard52. (p. 9) Application software can be categorized as either basic applications or _____ applications.specializedBasic applications include applications that you have to know to be considered computer competent. Specialized applications are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations.Difficulty: Easy53. (p. 9) The basic application used to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet is called a _____.browserOne of the basic application software used is a browser to navigate, explore, and find information on the Internet. Internet Explorer is one of the most widely used browsers.Difficulty: Easy54. (p. 10) _____ computers are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.MainframeAlthough Mainframes are not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, they are capable of great processing speeds and data storage.Difficulty: Medium55. (p. 11) The six types of microcomputers are: _____ computers, media centers, notebooks, netbooks, tablet PCs, and handheld computers.desktopDesktop computers are small enough to fit on top of a desk, yet are too big to carry around.Difficulty: Medium56. (p. 11) _____ computers are the smallest type of microcomputer and are designed to fit into the palm of one hand.HandheldPersonal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones are the most widely used handheld computers.Difficulty: Easy57. (p. 12) The _____ is the container that houses most of the electronic components of a computer system.system unitThe system unit is the container that houses most of the electronic components of a computer system.Difficulty: Medium58. (p. 12) _____storage devices do not lose data or programs after the electrical power is turned off.SecondarySecondary storage holds data and programs even after electrical power to the computer system has been turned off.Difficulty: Easy59. (p. 13) _____are rigid metallic platters used to store programs and very large data files.Hard disksHard disks are used to store programs and large data files.Difficulty: Easy60. (p. 13) _____ are secondary storage devices that have the greatest capacity.Optical discsOptical discs have the greatest capacity.Difficulty: Hard61. (p. 15) A _____ file might contain audience handouts and speaker notes in addition to electronic slides.presentationPresentation files might contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides.Difficulty: Easy62. (p. 15) Increased use of mobile devices has been termed the _____ revolution.wirelessThe widespread use of mobile or wireless communication devices has been the biggest change in connectivity. Experts predict that these wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution.Difficulty: Medium63. (p. 16) A _____ is a communications system connecting two or more computers.networkCentral to the concept of connectivity is the network. A network is a communications system connecting two or more computers.Difficulty: Easy64. (p. 16) The _____provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.WebThe Web provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet.Difficulty: Medium65. (p. 16) The largest network in the world is the _____.InternetThe largest network in the world is the Internet.Difficulty: EasyEssay Questions66. (p. 5, 6) Describe all the parts of an information system.An information system typically consists of five parts: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. Information systems are used by people in order to increase productivity. Procedures are rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data. Software is a program that contains the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. Hardware consists of the physical equipment that processes the data to create information. Data consists of raw unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.Difficulty: Medium67. (p. 6) Where would it be most relevant to use the term "data" and the term "information"? Give an example of each.Data are unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images and sound. An example might be a listing of all customer purchases at a bookstore over the last year. Information is processed data that has been rendered usable with the help of various types of software. From the previous example, you could derive information such as the addresses of customers who bought more than $500 worth of books or the year's top ten horror novels.Difficulty: Medium68. (p. 8, 9) What is an operating system? Give two examples.。

太原理工大学《大学英语综合提升》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

站名：年级专业：姓名：学号：凡年级专业、姓名、学号错写、漏写或字迹不清者，成绩按零分记。

…………………………密………………………………封………………………………线…………………………太原理工大学《大学英语综合提升》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、It is broadcast on TV that the 88th Academy Award Ceremony was held in Dolby Theatre seats an audience of approximately 4, 000. A ．where B ．whoseC ．whichD ．when2、The scientist does not study nature ________ it is useful to do so. He studies it because he takes pleasure in it. A ．until B ．becauseC ．thoughD ．unless3、Our English teacher , having explained to us how to design a project, allowed us a whole week’s preparation and then ______the class. A ．to dismiss B ．dismissedC ．dismissingD ．having dismissed4、Father made a promise______________ I did well in the entrance exam, he would take me to Hong Kong in the summer vacation. A ．if that B ．ifC ．that ifD ．that5、________Wuhu with Shanghai, to be frank, and you'll find it's more convenient to live in the former. A ．To compareB ．ComparingC ．CompareD ．Compared6、Whenever you ________ a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.A ．boughtB ．have boughtC ．will buyD ．buy7、— Nancy, what classes are you taking this term?— _____ I want to take two English courses, or maybe Spanish. A ．What’s up? B ．It’s none of your business. C ．I’ve no idea. D ．I’m not sure yet.8、There are lots of examples of English idioms ________ animals are used. A ．which B ．whenC ．whoseD ．where9、Mr. Green was very famous when he lived there. There is ______ to be someone in this district who remembers him. A ．content B ．opposedC ．boundD ．restricted10、That’s why I help brighten people’s days. If you ________, who’s to say that another person will? A ．didn’tB ．don’tC ．weren’tD ．haven’t第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2016年太原理工大学博士生英语入学考试试题及参考答案

2016年太原理工大学博士生英语入学考试Part One: Listening Comprehension略Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%)Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.21．_________ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together.[A] Had they arrived[B] Would they arrive[C] Were they arriving[D] Were they to arrive22．_________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent.[A] He would leave school[B] He left school[C] He had left school[D] He has left school23．Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _________.[A] to be shown[B] to have been shown[C] to have shown[D] being shown24．__________ that should be given priority to.[A] It is the committee has decided[B] It is only the committee has decided[C] It is what the committee has decided[D] It is what has the committee decided25. The most interesting new cars may owe __________ the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people and allowing them to work.[A] less local free-spiritedness than[B] less local free-spiritedness than to[C] to less local free-spiritedness than to[D] less to local free-spiritedness than to26. Over the years, Jimmy Connors __________ phenomenal displays of tennis and temper—and at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again.[A] has treated spectators with[B] has treated spectator for[C] has treated spectators[D] has treated spectators to27. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are __________ the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports.[A] as hardly culturally enriching as[B] as hardly enriching culture as[C] hardly as culturally enriching as[D] hardly as cultural enriching as28. The major obstacle to the reform in New Orleans, __________, is money.[A] as is it across the country[B] as it is across the country[C] as it were across the country[D] as were it across the country29．Nearly all trees have seeds that fall to the earth, take root, and eventually __________.[A] generate new seeds[B] new seeds generated[C] generates new seeds[D] new seeds are generated30. The well-maintained facility in San Francisco _________ leagues in virtually every sport.[A] were home to[B] was the home of[C] was home to[D] was home of31. Students at these schools test far below the state average in reading, and their scores have improved only __________.[A] marginally[B] marvelously[C] martially[D] markably32. I was in some doubt as to whether the Corporal had __________ us accidentally on his way out of the town or if he'd been deliberately tasked.[A]crashed on[B]bumped into[C]fallen against[D]puzzled about33. In previous time, when fresh meat was in short __________, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.[A] storage[B] reserve[C] supply[D] provision34. The hospital denies there is any connection between the disciplinary action and Dr. Reid’s __________ about health problems.[A] allegiance[B] alliance[C] allegations[D] alliteration35. The organization issued a cry of alarm last week, citing “__________ evidence” that those children are not receiving the same quality of education as their richer peers.[A] comparing[B] completing[C] compelling[D] composing36. Since no one could __________ his scribbling, the chief editor decided to replace him with another columnist.[A] encode[B] decipher[C] clear[D] identify37．Many Fine Art graduates take __________ professional practice as artists, and this course encourages them to consider their role as artists in the community by providing opportunities for short-term placements outside the Faculty.[A] down[B] up[C] out[D] in38. The statement said the people of Srebrenica __________ to the presidents of the United States and France to help halt the offensive.[A] aroused[B] ascribed[C] acclaimed[D] appealed39. The professor stopped for a drink and then __________ with his lecture on the Indian culture.[A] proceeded[B] processed[C] preferred[D] presented40. Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not __________ close examination.[A] put up with[B] keep up with[C] stand up to[D] look up toPart Three: Reading ComprehensionI.Directions: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Passage OneIn science the meaning of the word “explain” suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces “really” are. Electricity, Bertrand Russell says, “is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral; it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, and under what circumstances they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell.” Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at anunderstanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that’s wher e it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.41. Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is __________.[A] disapproved of by most modern scientists[B] in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principles[C] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “how” things happen[D] in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward “why” things happen42. The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea that __________.[A] there are self-evident principles[B] there are mysterious forces in the universe[C] man cannot discover what forces “really” are[D] we can discover why things behave as they do43. The expression “speculated on” (line 4) means __________ .[A] considered[B] suspected[C] expected[D] engaged in buying and sellingPassage TwoThe concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, althoughthe wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo draw a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.44. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because __________.[A] it is essential to personal freedom in American society[B] it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge[C] personal health choices help cure most illnesses[D] wrong decisions could lead to poor health45. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because __________.[A] current medical knowledge is still insufficient[B] there are many factors influencing our decisions[C] people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends[D] few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life46. According to Fries and Crapo, sound health choice should be based on __________.[A] personal decisions[B] society’s laws[C]friends’ opinions[D] statistical evidencePassage ThreeFor gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional.A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years.The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in or stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinalstudies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct information about development.A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects, ages ten, twenty, and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data.The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Likelongitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational influence that exists when subjects studied are born at different time. Psychologists are now beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods.47. Which of the following is NOT one of the disadvantages of a longitudinal research?[A] The subjects may become irritated at repeated testing.[B] The participants in the study may not stay in one place for many years.[C] The behavior of a subject in the study may be measured continuously for many years.[D] Social changes may be reflected in the behaviors of the subjects participating in the study.48. The word “contingent” in the third paragraph probably means __________.[A] dependent[B] consecutive[C] determined[D] continual49. Which of the following statements is true?[A] The subjects in a cross-sectional research are not of the same age group.[B] The methods of study in longitudinal research will not change over time.[C] Longitudinal research is reliable only in seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development.[D] Cross-sectional methods are not usually adopted in studying, for example, the changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period.50.One of the differences between cross-sectional research and longitudinal research is that __________.[A] the latter usually focuses on only one subject, while the former involves groups of subjects[B] the former can be free from the influence of social changes[C] the latter can be free from the influence of social changes[D] the former costs less money and takes less timeII.Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2). (15%)(51) It is useful to remember that history is to the nation as memory is to the individual. As persons deprived of memory become disoriented and lost, not knowing where they have been and where they are going, so a nation denied a conception of the past will be disabled in dealing with its present and its future.History is the best antidote to delusions of omnipotence and omniscience. (52) Self-knowledge is the indispensable prelude to self-control, for the nation as well as for the individual. History should forever remind us of the limits of our passing perspectives. It should strengthen us to resist the pressure to convert momentary impulses into moral absolutes. It should lead us to recognition of the fact, so often and so sadly displayed, that the future outwits all our certitudes and that the possibilities of the future are more various than the human intellect is designed to conceive.(53) A nation informed by a vivid understanding of the ironies of history is best equipped to manage the tragic temptations of military power. Let us not bully our way through life, but let a sensitivity to history temper and civilize our use of power. In the meantime, let a thousand historical flowers bloom. (54) History is never a closedbook or a final verdict. It is forever in the interests of an ideology, a religion, a race, and a nation.The great strength of history is its capacity for self-correction. This is the endless excitement of historical writing: the search to reconstruct what went before. (55) A nation’s history must be both the guide and the domain not so much of its historians as its citizens.Part Four: Cloze Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).In Microsoft’s latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away expensive laptops loaded (56) __________ its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts generated controversy as well as good (57) __________, with some bloggers accusing Microsoft of bribery and their peers (58) __________ unethical behavior.Several bloggers reported last week that they had received Acer Ferrari laptops, which can sell (59) __________ more than $2,200, fromMicrosoft.A spokeswoman for Microsoft confirmed Friday that the (60) __________ had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers (61) __________ wrote about technology and other subjects that could be (62) __________ by the new operating system, like photography and, oddly, parenting.But while those on Microsoft’s mailing list initially greeted the machines with enthusiasm, many (63) __________ bloggers soon objected –not because they had been left off the list but, they said, because bloggers are bound by the (64) __________ rules as traditional journalists, who should not accept (65) __________ gifts from companies they cover.Part Five: Proofreading (10%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediatelybefore and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).Examples:eg. 1 (66) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2):(66)begunbeganeg. 2 (67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre whenthe curtain went up.Correction put on theANSWER SHEET (2):(67)(Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3 (68) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2):(68) not(66) Prosperous alumni helped make 2006 a recorded fund-raising year for colleges and universities, which hauled in $28 billion—a 9.4 percent jump from 2005.(67) There were increases across the board, but for usual it was the already wealthy who fared best. (68) Stanford's $911 million was the most ever collected by a single university, and rose the possibility of a billion-dollar fund-raising year in the not-too-distant future.(69) "There were a set of ideas and a set of initiatives that the university is undertaking that people wanted to invest," said Martin Shell, Stanford's vice president for development. (70) "This is an unbelievably generous response from unbelievably philanthropic set of alumni, parents, and friends."(71) Harvard ranked two in fund-raising last year with $595 million.(72) National, donations from alumni rose 18.3 percent from 2005, according to figures released yesterday by the Council for Aid to Education. (73) Alumni donations account about 30 percent of giving to higher education.(74) Giving from other groups, such as corporations and foundations, increased by much small amounts.(75) Survey director Ann Kaplan said the strong economics played a role, but universities also were asking more aggressively as part of formal fund-raising campaigns.Part Six: Writing (15%)Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a lawful institution in China and is still very popular.The Chinese government has a department in charge of TCM and there are a lot of TCM hospitals and pharmaceutical factories in the country. Yet TCM is never short of opponents, including fierce opponents calling for its abolition.Please comment on the controversial status of TCM.Structure and Written Expression: (1 point each)21-25 D B A C D26-30 D C B A C31-35 A B C C C36-40 B B D A CReading: (1 point each)41-45 C C A D C46-50 D C A A DParaphrasing: (3 points each)51. It is helpful for us to remember that history is very important to a country just as memory is very important to a person. / If we remember that history is just as important to a country as memory is to a person, it will be very helpful to us.52. To know oneself very well is the necessary first step before one can control oneself. This is true for both the nation and the individual.53. A nation that is fully aware of the twists and turns of history has the power to resist using military power, which will bring tragic results.54. History is never final but open to revision. People can always rewrite history.55. Not only people who study history should take a nation’s history as their guide and field of study, but the ordinary citizens should also do so.Cloze: (1 point each)56. with 57. will 58. of 59. for 60. company61. who 62. affected 63. other 64. same 65. expensiveProofreading: (1 point each)(66) recorded record(67) for as(68) rose raised(69) invest (in)(70) from (an) unbelievably (71) two second(72)national(ly)(73) account (for) about(74)small(er)(75) economics economy。