汽车实用英语课件 项目1 四冲程发动机构造与工作过程介绍
四冲程发动机的工作流程
四冲程发动机的工作流程The working process of a four-stroke engine can be described as a series of carefully timed events that allow the engine to convert fuel into mechanical energy. This process involves four distinct strokes: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. Each stroke plays a crucial rolein the overall functioning of the engine, and together they ensure the efficient operation of the vehicle.The first stroke, known as the intake stroke, beginswith the downward movement of the piston. As the piston moves down, the intake valve opens, allowing a mixture of fuel and air to enter the combustion chamber. This mixtureis typically prepared in the carburetor or fuel injection system and is essential for the subsequent combustion process.Once the intake stroke is complete, the second stroke, compression, begins. In this stage, the piston moves backup towards the top of the cylinder, compressing the fuel-air mixture. The compression ratio, which is the ratio of the cylinder's volume at the bottom of the stroke to the volume at the top, determines the efficiency and power output of the engine. A higher compression ratio leads to increased efficiency but may require higher-octane fuel to prevent knocking.The third stroke, combustion, is where the magic happens. At the top of the compression stroke, the spark plug ignites the compressed fuel-air mixture. This ignition causes a rapid increase in pressure, which forces the piston back down. As the piston descends, it transfers the energy from the expanding gases to the connecting rod, which in turn drives the crankshaft. This rotational motion is what ultimately powers the vehicle.Finally, the fourth stroke, exhaust, begins as the piston reaches the bottom of the cylinder. At this point, the exhaust valve opens, allowing the burned gases to exit the combustion chamber and be expelled from the engine through the exhaust system. The piston then moves back up, pushing the remaining exhaust gases out of the cylinder,preparing the engine for the next intake stroke.The four-stroke engine's working process can be visualized as a continuous cycle, with each stroke seamlessly transitioning into the next. This cycle repeats itself numerous times per minute, depending on the engine's speed and power requirements. The timing and synchronization of the intake and exhaust valves, as well as the spark plug, are critical for optimal engine performance.In conclusion, the four-stroke engine's working process is a complex yet fascinating series of events that enable the conversion of fuel into mechanical energy. From the intake of the fuel-air mixture to the compression, combustion, and exhaust of the gases, each stroke has a specific role in the overall functioning of the engine. Understanding these processes helps us appreciate the engineering marvel that powers our vehicles and drives us forward.。
发动机构造英语
第二类 ENGINE 发动机一、Engine construction 发动机构造序号英文中文1 rocker arm cover 摇臂罩2 valve rocker arm 气门摇臂3 camshaft 凸轮轴4 camshaft drive 凸轮轴驱动轮5 spark plug lead 火花塞导线6 timing belt cover 正时皮带罩7 valve spring 气门弹簧8 poppet valve 菌形气门9 piston 活塞10 connecting rod 连杆11 timing belt 正时皮带12 combustion chamber 燃烧室13 cylinder block 汽缸体14 water jacket 水套15 oil filter 机油滤清器16 flywheel 飞轮17 ring gear 齿圈18 oil gage 机油标尺19 oil pan/sump 油底壳20 crankshaft 曲轴21 drain plug 放油孔塞22 v-belt pulley V型皮带轮二、Essential term 基本术语序号英文中文1 cylinder diameter 汽缸直径2 piston stroke 活塞行程3 crank radius 曲轴半径4 piston displacement 活塞排量5 compression chamber volume 压缩室容积6 total cylinder volume 总汽缸容积7 top dead center 上止点8 bottom dead center 下止点三、Engine operation principle 发动机工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四冲程汽油机工作原理序号英文中文1 intake stroke 进气行程2 compression stroke 压缩行程3 expansion stroke 膨胀行程4 exhaust stroke 排气行程5 combustible mixture 可燃混合气6 intake valve 进气门7 spark plug 火花塞8 exhaust valve 排气门9 exhaust gas 废气3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四冲程柴油机工作原理序号英文中文1 intake stroke 进气行程2 compression stroke 压缩行程3 expansion stroke 膨胀行程4 exhaust stroke 排气行程5 intake 进气6 compression 压缩7 combustion 燃烧8 expansion 膨胀9 exhaust 排气10 air 空气11 injector 喷油器12 exhaust gas 废气3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二冲程汽油机工作原理序号英文中文1 combustible mixture 可燃混合气2 inlet port 进气口3 crankcase 曲轴箱4 precompressed mixture 预压混合气序号英文中文5 transfer canal 输气道6 intake port 进气口7 exhaust port 排气口8 exhaust gas 废气9 spark plug 火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二冲程柴油机工作原理1 air 空气2 blower pump 扫气泵3 precompressed air 预压空气4 air chamber 空气室5 inlet port 进气口6 injector 喷油器7 exhaust valve 排气门8 exhaust gas 废气四、Engine performance 发动机性能序号英文中文1 fixed throttle characteristics 速度特性2 part throttle characteristics 负荷特性3 engine speed 转速4 torque 扭矩5 horsepower 功率6 specific fuel consumption 燃油消耗率五、Crank connecting rod mechanism曲柄连杆机构5.1 Cylinder block 机体组序号英文中文1 cylinder block 汽缸体2 cylinder liner 汽缸套3 cylinder bearing surface 汽缸套表面4 cylinder head 汽缸盖5 inlet manifold mountingflange 进气歧管凸缘6 oil inlet hole 加油孔7 cylinder head cover 汽缸盖罩序号英文中文8 cylinder head gasket 汽缸盖衬垫9 oil filter mounting flange 机油滤清器凸缘10 ventilating pipe mounting seat 通风管座11 cylinder block stiffeningrib 汽缸体加强肋12 rear main bearing cover 后主轴承罩13 main bearing cap 主轴承盖14 oil sump pan gasket 油底壳衬垫15 oil sump/pan 油底壳16 fuel pump mountingflange 燃油泵凸缘17 ignition distributor mounting flange 分电器凸缘18 camshaft bearing bushseat 凸轮轴轴承座19 camshaft drive(gear)cover 凸轮轴驱动齿轮罩20 cylinder head covergasket 汽缸盖罩衬垫5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组序号英文中文1 connecting rod shank 连杆杆身2 connecting rod small end 连杆小头3 connecting rod bushing 连杆衬套4 spring clip 弹簧卡环5 piston pin 活塞销6 piston head 活塞头部7 piston ring groove 活塞环槽8 compression ring 压缩环9 oil scraper ring 油环10 piston skirt 活塞裙部11 piston pin boss 活塞销座12 connecting rod bearing halfshell 连杆轴瓦13 connecting rod cap 连杆螺栓14 connecting rod cap 连杆大头盖15 Connecting rod end 连杆大头5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组序号英文中文1 crankshaft front end 曲轴前端2 front main journal 前主轴颈3 oil passage hole 机油孔4 crank pin 曲柄销5 crank web 曲柄臂6 counterweight 平衡重7 crankshaft collar 曲轴后端凸缘8 flywheel 飞轮9 flywheel gear ring 飞轮齿圈10 flywheel lock plate 飞轮锁片11 clutch shaft bearing 离合器轴轴承12 main bearing halfshell(upper,lower) 主轴承（上、下）轴瓦13 crankshaft thrust halfring 曲轴止推片14 bearing tang 轴瓦定位凸键六、Valve mechanism 配气机构6.1 Side valve 侧置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 cam 凸轮3 tappet 气门挺杆4 side valve 侧置气门5 crankshaft timing gear 曲轴正时齿轮6 camshaft gear-wheel 凸轮轴齿轮7 gear drive 齿轮传动6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft 凸轮轴2 camfollower 凸轮顶杆3 push rod 推杆4 adjuster 调整螺钉5 cocker shaft 摇臂轴6 rocker shaft 摇臂7 valve spring 气门弹簧序号英文中文8 valve 气门9 valve 气道10 combustion chamber 燃烧室6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门序号英文中文1 camshaft front bearing 凸轮轴前轴承2 valve head 气门头3 valve stem 气门杆4 tappet 挺筒5 lower valve spring collar 气门弹簧下环6 outer valve spring 外气门弹簧7 valve guide 气门导管8 inner valve spring 内气门弹簧9 shielding cap 护帽10 oil flinger 油封11 upper valve spring collar 气门弹簧上环12 valve split cone 气门锁片13 closer 螺塞14 rocker shaft 摇臂轴15 rocker arm 摇臂16 rocker bracket 摇臂支座17 retaining washer 定位摇臂18 thrust washer 止推摇臂19 rocker adjusting screw 摇臂调整螺钉20 push rod 推杆21 camshaft rear bush 凸轮轴后轴承22 camshaft 凸轮轴23 camshaft center bush 凸轮轴中间轴承承承承24 cam 凸轮25 oil pump driving gear 机油泵驱动齿轮6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图序号英文中文1 TDC（top dead center）上止点2 BDC(bottom dead center) 下止点3 intake opens 进气门开序号英文中文4 intake close 进气门关5 exhaust opens 排气门开6 exhaust closes 排气门关7 direction of rotation 旋转方向七、 Gasoline engine-fuel system 汽油机供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵序号英文中文1 fuel level gauge 油面指示表2 air cleaner 空气滤清器3 carburetor 化油器4 inlet manifold 进气歧管5 exhaust manifold 排气歧管6 fuel pump 汽油泵7 fuel filter 汽油滤清器8 exhaust silencer 排气消声器9 fuel pipe 油管10 fuel tank 汽油箱7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器序号英文中文1 intake tube 进气管2 deflector knob 导流旋扭3 air deflector 空气导流器4 cleaner body 滤清器壳5 butterfly nut 蝶形螺帽6 filter cover 滤清器盖7 filter seal ring 滤清器密封环8 cleaner cartridge 滤清器滤芯9 silencer element 消声元件10 crankcase bleed pipe 曲轴箱通风管11 hot air pipe 热空气管7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器序号英文中文1 fuel pump base 汽油泵座2 diaphragm 膜片序号英文中文3 fuel inlet neck 汽油进口4 fuel pump body 汽油泵壳5 filter screen 滤清器网6 bowl cover 泵盖7 fuel feed port 汽油出口8 distance washer 调整间隔垫圈9 diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧10 rocker arm 摇臂11 fulcrum pin 杠杆支点销12 fuel filter 汽油滤清器13 filter body 滤清器壳14 filter cartridge 滤清器滤芯15 glass bowl 玻璃滤杯16 bowl retaining clip 滤杯支承夹7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器序号英文中文1 air cleaner 空气滤清器2 valve needle 针阀3 float 浮子4 nozzle 喷管5 chock tube 喉管6 throttle valve 节气门7 intake manifold 进气歧管8 metering jet 量孔9 float chamber 浮子室10 intake valve 进气门7.5 Carburetor 化油器序号英文中文1 down-draft carburetor 下喷式化油器2 nozzle 喷管3 float chamber 浮子室4 choke tube 喉管5 throttle valve 节气门6 intake manifold 进气歧管7 two-barrel carburetor 双管化油器序号英文中文8 choke tube 喉管9 plug 旋塞10 filter gauze 滤清器金属丝网11 fFuel inlet port 进气门口12 valve seat 阀座13 valve needle 针阀14 float needle valve 浮子针阀15 float pivot pin 浮子销16 float 浮子17 float chamber 浮子室18 accelerator pump 加速泵7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件序号英文中文1 throttle lever 节气门杆2 pull lever 拉杆3 release lever 放松杆4 throttle valve spindle 节气门轴5 throttle valve 节气门6 main metering jet 主量孔7 idle metering jet 怠速量孔8 accelerator pump discharge nozzle 加速泵输出喷管9 ball valve 球阀10 emulsion pipe 泡沫管11 air jet 空气喷孔12 starting device jet 起动喷孔13 accelerator pump piston 加速泵活塞14 operating cam 操纵凸轮15 accerlerator pump lever 加速泵杆16 adjustable stop 可调限位螺钉7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件序号英文中文1 throttle control lever 节气门操纵杆2 connecting lever rod 连接拉杆3 cable wire 拉索序号英文中文4 connecting adaptor 连接杆5 cable hose 拉索软管6 cable grommet 拉索橡胶圈7 throttle control cablehandle 节气门操纵拉钮8 choke control cablehandle 阻风门操纵拉钮9 pedal lever bracket 踏板拉杆支架10 accelerator pedal 加速踏板11 accelerator pedal hinge 加速踏板铰链12 accelerator pedal mounting bracket 加速踏板安装支架13 flexible boot cap 挠性防尘护套14 roller 滚子15 accelerator pedal lever 加速踏板杠杆16 accelerator pedal return spring 加速踏板回位弹簧7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射序号英文中文1 fuel tank 汽油箱2 electric fuel pump 电动汽油泵3 fuel filter 燃油滤清器4 distributor pipe 分油管5 pressure regulator 压力调节器6 electronic control unit 电控单元7 injector 喷油器8 start valve 起动阀9 idle-speed adfusting screw 怠速调节螺钉10 throttle-valve switch 节气门开关11 throttle valve 节气门12 airflow sensor 空气流量计13 relay 继电器组14 oxygen sensor 氧传感器15 coolant-temperature sensor 冷却液温度传感器16 thermo time switch 温度时间开端17 distributor 分电器。
项目8 四冲程发动机构造与工作过程介绍
项目八 新能源汽车介绍
1 学习目标 2 学习时间 3 任务描述 4 引导问题 5 项目内容 6 拓展材料
学习目标
1.认识新能源汽车相关的英语术语和词汇； 2.对新能源汽车相关的资料进行简单的中英文互译； 3.对新能源汽车图片上的英语单词或词汇进行辨认； 4.认识新能源汽车的构造及缩略词； 5.阅读关于新能源汽车相关的英文文献，并掌握简单的翻译技巧； 6.正确完成课后练习。
你知道下图中英文的意思吗？
项目内容 Project 8 Introduction to the New Energy Vehicles
项目内容 Project 8 Introduction to the New Energy Vehicles
项目内容 Project 8 Introduction to the New Energy Vehicles
项目内容 Project 8 Introduction to the New Energy Vehicles
项目内容 Project 8 Introduction to the New Energy Vehicles
Electric cars have the potential of signifi cantly reducing city pollution by having zero tail pipe emissions.[1] Vehicle greenhouse gas savings epend on how the electricity is generated.
请借助专业词典，翻译上述资料
谢谢观看！
项目内容 Project 8 Introduction to the New Energy Vehicles
四冲程发动机工作原理PPT精选文档
排气冲程
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四冲程发动机工作原理
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柴油机和汽油机的异同点
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柴油机和汽油机的异同点
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发动机动态图的欣赏
• 直列四缸发动机
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发动机动态图的欣赏
• V型发动机
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发动机动态图的欣赏
• 星型发动机
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发动机动态图的 增压发动机
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发动机动态图的欣赏
• 转子发动机
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作业
• 发动机的组成？ • 发动机的工作原理？
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谢谢观赏！
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• 四冲程发动机的工作原理 • 柴油机和汽油机的异同点 • 发动机动态图的欣赏
1
四冲程发动机工作原理
• 进气冲程 • 压缩冲程 • 做工冲程 • 排气冲程
2
进气冲程
• 在进气冲程中： • 进气门打开 • 排气门关闭 • 活塞由上止点运动到
下止点 • 曲轴从0°~180°
3
进气冲程
4
压缩冲程
• 在压缩冲程中： • 进气门关闭 • 排气门关闭 • 活塞由下止点运动到
上止点 • 曲轴从180°~360°
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压缩冲程
6
做工冲程
• 在做功冲程中： • 进气门关闭 • 排气门关闭 • 活塞由上止点向下止
点 • 曲轴从360°~540°
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做功冲程
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排气冲程
• 在排气过程中： • 进气门关闭 • 排气门打开 • 活塞由下止点运动到
上止点 • 曲轴从540°~720°
汽车实用英语课件 项目1 四冲程发动机构造与工作过程介绍
引导问题
你知道下图中英文的意思吗？
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
Components at the rear of the engine are: fl ywheel, starter ring gear, piston， connecting rod ,crankshaft and crankshaft fl anger (shown as Figure 1-3).
1）汽缸体
2）齿圈 3）曲轴箱
4）油底壳
5）正时皮带 6）活塞环
7）点火分电器 8）火花塞 9）主轴承轴颈
拓展材料
拓展内容
Practical Reading 2ZZ-GE Engine
借助专业词典，对2ZZ-GE发动机资料进行中英文互译。
拓展材料
拓展材料
The 2ZZ-GE engine is an in-line, 4-cylinder,1.8-liter, 16-valve DOHC engine (shown asFigure 1-9). This engine meets the EuropeanSTEP Ⅲ regulations.
江梅芬全国英语课件比赛三等奖课件
泉州理工学院汽车专业英语
江梅芬
IV. Exhaust stroke
As the piston reaches BDC again, the exhaust valve opens. Now, as the piston moves up on the exhaust stroke, it forces the burned gases out of the cylinder through the exhaust-valve port. Then, when the piston reaches TDC, the exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens. Now, a fresh charge of air-fuel mixture will be drawn into the cylinder as the piston moves down again toward BDC.
Intake valve is closed Exhaust valve is opened
Piston from BDC to TDC
Burned gases get out of the cylinder through the exhaustvalve port
泉州理工学院汽车专业英语
江梅芬
Four-stage stroke
泉州理工学院汽车专业英语
江梅芬
Phrases and Expressions
Divide … into In other words By the time Not only .. But also As much as Even more Fresh charge 把…….分为 分为 换言之 到……为止 为止 不仅…….而且 不仅 而且 多达 甚至更多 吸入的新鲜混合油气
汽车机械英语
第一章发动机工作原理二冲程发动机 two stroke engine 四冲程发动机 four stroke engine 水冷发动机 water cooled engine 风冷发动机 air cooled engine上止点 (UDP) upper dead point 下止点 (LDP) lower dead point 活塞行程 stroke汽缸直径 bore工作容积 working volume排量 swept volume, displacement 进气行程 intake stroke压缩行程 compression stroke压缩比 compression ratio做功行程 working stroke爆燃，敲缸 detonation, knock排气行程 exhaust stroke示功图 indicating diagram汽缸体 cylinder block汽缸盖 cylinder head油底壳 oil sump活塞 piston连杆 connecting rod曲轴 crankshaft飞轮 flywheel进气门 intake valve排气门 exhaust valve挺柱 tappet推杆 push rod摇臂 rocker凸轮轴 camshaft正时齿轮 timing gear燃油箱 fuel tank燃油泵 fuel pump汽油滤清器 gasoline filter化油器 carburetor空气滤清器 air cleaner进气管 intake manifold排气管 exhaust manifold火花塞 spark plug点火线圈 ignition coil断电器 breaker蓄电池 storage battery发电机 generator水泵 water pump散热器 radiator风扇 fan放水阀 drain valve水套 water jacket分水管 distributive pipe机油泵 oil pump集滤器 suction filter限压阀 relief valve润滑油道 oil passage机油滤清器 oil filter机油冷却器 oil cooler起动机 starting motor有效功率 effective power有效转矩 effective torque燃油消耗率 specific fuel consumption发动机转速特性 engine speed characteristic节气门开度 throttle percentage部分特性 partial characteristic外特性 outer characteristic第二章曲柄连杆机构汽缸套 cylinder sleeve, cylinder liner发动机支承 engine mounting活塞顶 piston top活塞头部 piston head活塞裙 piston skirt开槽 slot活塞环 piston ring气环 compression ring油环 oil ring环槽 groove活塞销 piston pin主轴承 main bearing主轴承盖 main bearing cap主轴瓦 main shell连杆轴承 big end bearing连杆盖 big end cap起动爪 cranking claw带轮 pulley平衡重 counter weight发火顺序 firing order扭振减振器 torsional vibration damper第三章配气机构顶置气门 (OHV) Over Head Valve顶置凸轮轴 (OHC) Over Head Camshaft单顶置凸轮轴 (SOHC) Single Over Head Camshaft 双顶置凸轮轴 (DOHC) Dual Over Head Camshaft 多气门发动机 multi-valve engine气门间隙 valve clearance配气相位 timing phase气门杆 valve stem气门座 valve seat气门导管 valve guide气门弹簧 valve spring第四章汽油机供给系可燃混合气 combustion mixture消声器 silencer, muffler汽油 gasoline, petrol分馏 distil蒸发性 evaporating property热值 heat value抗爆性 anti-knock property辛烷值 (RON) Research Octane Number 过量空气系数 coefficient of excessive air 理论混合气 theoretical mixture稀混合气 thin mixture浓混合气 thick mixture主供油系统 main supply system怠速系统 idle system加浓系统 thickening system加速系统 accelerating system浮子 float浮子室 float chamber针阀 needle valve量孔 metering jet阻风门 choke滤芯 filter cartridge沉淀杯 sediment cup泵膜 pump diaphragm油浴式 oil bath type石棉垫 a**estos pad预热 pre-heating汽油直接喷射 gasoline direct injection电控 electronic control多点喷射 muti-point injection单点喷射 single point injection电路控制 circuit control分电器信号 distributor signal空气流量信号 airflow signal冷却水温信号 water temperature signal 第五章柴油机供给系输油泵 transfer pump喷油泵 fuel injection pump高压油管 high pressure fuel pipe发火性 ignition property黏度 viscosity凝点 condensing point备燃期 pri-combustion period速燃期 rapid combustion period缓燃期 slow combustion period燃烧室 combustion chamber统一燃烧室 united chamber球形燃烧室 ball shape chamber涡流室 turbulence chamber预燃室 pri-combustion chamber喷油器 injector精密偶件 precise couple柱塞 plunger出油阀 delivery valve调速器 governor两速调速器 two speed governor全速调速器 full speed governor定速调速器 fixed speed governor综合调速器 combined governor气动调速器 pneumatic governor机械离心式调速器 mechanical centrifugal governor 复合式调速器 complex governor喷油提前角调节装置 advancer飞块 flyweight联轴节 coupling粗滤清器 primary filter细滤清器 secondary filter涡轮增压器 turbocharger中间冷却器 intermediate cooler第七章冷却系节温器 thermostat防冻液 anti-freezing liquid补偿水桶 compensation reservoirV-带 V belt百叶窗 shutter大循环 big circulation小循环 small circulation散热翅片 fins第八章润滑系润滑剂 lubricant压力润滑 pressure lubrication飞溅润滑 splash lubrication润滑脂 grease机油压力传感器 oil pressure sensor油封 oil seal旁通阀 bypass valve机油散热器 oil cooler机油尺 dip stick加机油口 oil filler曲轴箱通风 crankcase ventilation第九章点火系一次绕组 primary winding二次绕组 secondary winding热敏电阻 heat sensitive resistance点火提前 ignition advance分电器 distributor活动触点 moving contact固定触点 fixed contact分火头 distributor rotor arm电容器 condenser点火提前装置 ignition advancer离心式点火提前装置 centrifugal ignition advancer 真空式点火提前装置 vacuum ignition advancer 辛烷值校正器 octane number rectifier中心电极 central electrode侧电极 side electrode瓷绝缘体 ceramic insulator跳火间隙 spark gap半导体点火系 semi-conductor ignition system晶体管 transistor二极管 diode三极管 triode无触点点火系 non-contact ignition system霍尔效应 Hall effect正极板 anode负极板 cathode隔板 separator电解液 electrolyte蓄电池格 battery cell接线柱 terminal电缆 cable硅整流交流发电机silicon rectified A.C. motor转子 rotor定子 stator电刷 brush风扇叶轮 fan blade电压调节器 voltage regulator第十章起动系手摇起动 cranking电热塞 electric heater plug串激直流发电机 serial wound D.C. motor起动齿圈 starter ring电磁操纵机构 electro-magnetic control第十一章新型发动机三角活塞 triangular piston转子发动机 rotary engine自转 rotary motion, rotation公转 orbit motion轨迹 trajectory齿轮 gear齿圈 ring gear往复零件 reciprocal parts动平衡 dynamic balance燃气涡轮发动机 gas turbine第十二章汽车传动系机械式传动系 mechanical transmission液力机械式传动系 hydro-mechanical transmission静液式传动系 static-hydraulic transmission电力式传动系 electrical transmission自动式传动系 automatic transmission减速 reduction可变速比 variable ratios有级变速 definite ratios无级变速 indefinite ratios无级变速器(CVT) Continuously Variable Transmission 一般布置 general layout发动机横置 lateral engine positioning分动器 transfer case, transfer box第十三章离合器接合柔和 smooth engagement分离彻底 thorough separation过载 overload摩擦表面 friction surface摩擦衬片 friction liner毂 hub主动部分 driving part从动部分 driven part花键 spline压盘 pressure plate离合器盖 cover plate分离杠杆 release lever分离套筒 release sleeve分离轴承 release bearing主缸 master cylinder工作缸 working cylinder分离* release fork间隙调整 clearance adjustment打滑 slip踏板 pedal踏板自由行程 pedal free stroke踏板工作行程 pedal working stroke铆钉，铆接 rivet双片离合器 dual disc clutch中央弹簧离合器 central spring clutch膜片弹簧离合器 diaphragm spring clutch 非线性 non-linear第十四章变速器与分动器输入轴（第一轴）input shaft, drive shaft 输出轴（第二轴）output shaft, main shaft 中间轴 counter shaft倒挡轴 reverse gear shaft常啮合 constant mesh低速挡 low gear高速挡 high gear最高速挡 top gear空挡 neutral gear一挡 the first gear二挡 the second gear三挡 the third gear倒挡 reverse gear直接挡 direct gear超速挡 overdrive动力输出 power take-off换挡 shift啮合套 sliding sleeve同步器 synchronizer同步锥面 synchro cone变速杆 shifting lever手柄 handle球铰链 ball joint换挡拨* shifting fork自锁 self-lock互锁 inter-lock变速驱动桥 transaxle加力挡 low gear第十五章液力机械传动液力偶合器 hydraulic coupling泵轮 impeller涡轮 turbine叶片 blade液力变矩器 torque converter导轮 stator行星齿轮系 planetary gear system太阳轮 sun gear行星轮 planet pinion行星架 planet carrier齿圈 ring gear第十六章传动轴万向节 universal joint, U-joint十字轴式万向节Cardan type U-joint*子 yoke, fork十字轴 spider, center cross滚针轴承 needle bearing滑脂嘴（油嘴）lubricating fitting, nipple等角速 constant angular velocity双联式万向节 dual Cardan type U-joint球*式万向节 Weiss type U-joint球笼式万向节 Rzeppa type U-joint星形套 inner race housing球形壳 outer race shell保持架，球笼 retainer, ball cage挠性万向节 flexible U-joint无缝钢管 seamless steel tube第十七章驱动桥主减速器 final drive主动（小）齿轮 drive pinion从动（大）齿轮 ring gear伞齿轮 bevel gear双曲面齿轮 hypoid gear单级减速 single reduction双级减速 double reduction贯通式主减速器 penetrable final drive双速主减速器 double gear (speed) final drive 轮边减速器 wheel reduction差速器 differential半轴齿轮 differential side gear差速锁 differential lock轴间差速器 inter-axle differential lock托森差速器 torque sensitive differential半轴 axle shaft全浮式半轴 float type axle shaft半浮式半轴 semi-float type axle shaft 桥壳 axle housing桥壳后盖 final drive rear cover第十八章行驶系行驶系 running gear车架 frame车桥，车轴 axle悬架 suspension半履带式汽车 semi-caterpillar vehicle 第十九章车架边梁式车架 ladder type frame纵梁 side rail横梁 cross member保险杠 bumper托架 bracket支承 support拖钩 tow hook中梁式车架 backbone type frame桁架式车架 lattice type frame第二十章车桥和车轮转向桥 steering axle桥梁 axle beam工字形断面 I-section转向节 knuckle主销 king pin轮毂 wheel hub转向轮定位 steering wheel alignment 主销后倾 caster主销内倾 king pin inclination前轮外倾 camber前轮前束 toe-in转向驱动桥 steering and driving axle 支持桥 support axle轮辋 rim轮辐 spoke车轮装饰罩 hub cap轮胎 tyre, tire胎冠 crown, tread花纹 pattern胎侧 side wall帘布层 cord, ply尼龙，锦纶 nylon带束层 belted layer内胎 tube垫带 protector胎圈 bead气门嘴 bleed valve气门芯 valve core子午线轮胎 radial tire无内胎轮胎 tubeless tire刺穿 puncture备胎 spare tire第二十一章悬架弹性元件 spring, elastic element减振器 sock absorber导向机构 control device横向稳定器（杆）stabilizer, anti-roll bar悬架刚度 suspension stiffness簧载质量 sprung mass非簧载质量 unsprung mass静挠度 static deformation独立悬架 independent suspension车轮上跳（减振器压缩行程） jounce车轮回跳（减振器伸张行程） rebound双向作用减振器 double action shock absorber单向作用减振器 single action shock absorber筒式减振器 telescopic shock absorber吊环 link ring工作缸 working cylinder贮油缸 reservoir流通阀（进液阀）intake valve伸张阀 rebound valve压缩阀 compression valve补偿阀 compensation valve充气减振器 gas filled shock absorber压力可调减振器 pressure adjustable shock absorber 钢板弹簧 leaf spring中心螺栓 central bolt弹簧夹 clip螺旋弹簧 coil spring扭杆弹簧 torsional bar囊式空气弹簧 bellow type air spring膜式空气弹簧 diaphragm type air spring橡胶弹簧 rubber spring卷耳 spring eye吊耳 shackleU形螺栓 U-bolt弹簧盖板 spring plate副簧 auxiliary spring主簧 main spring横臂式悬架 transversal type suspension双横臂式悬架 double wishbone suspension转向轴线 steering axis纵摆臂式 trailing arm type滑柱式 strut type麦弗逊式 McPhaeson type平衡悬架 tandem axle suspension第二十二章转向系机械（手动）转向系 manual steering system转向盘 steering wheel转向轴 steering shaft转向柱 steering column转向传动轴 steering drive shaft转向器 steering gear直拉杆 drag link转向节 knuckle转向节臂 knuckle arm梯形臂 steering arm横拉杆 tie rod转向轮偏转角关系 steering geometry转弯半径 turning radius循环球式转向器 recirculating ball steering gear转向螺杆 steering screw转向螺母 steering nut齿扇 sector齿轮齿条式转向器 rack and pinion steering gear蜗杆曲柄指销式转向器 worm and crankpin steering gear 动力转向 power steering转向油罐 steering reservoir转向油泵 steering oil pump第二十三章制动系鼓式制动器 drum brake制动蹄 brake shoe轮缸 wheel cylinder制动底板 brake base plate调整凸轮 adjustable cam制动蹄回位弹簧 retainer spring领蹄 leading shoe从蹄 trailing shoe盘式制动器 disc brake制动钳 brake calipers制动盘 brake disc液压制动系 fluid braking system制动液 brake fluid制动主缸 master cylinder气压制动系 pneumatic braking system空气压缩机 air compressor制动气室 brake chamber贮气筒 reservoir制动阀 brake valve气压调节阀 air pressure governor伺服制动系 servo braking system真空助力器 vacuum booster防抱死制动系 (ABS) Anti-lock Braking System 辅助制动器 auxiliary brake缓速器 retarder排气制动 exhaust braking第二十四章车身车身壳体 body shell非承载式车身 separate frame construction承载式车身 unitary construction, integral body 发动机舱 engine compartment客厢，乘客室 passenger compartment行李箱 trunk发动机罩 hood, bonnet前翼板 front fender, front wing前挡泥板 front fender apron前围板 dash board, fire wall前风窗 windscreen, windshield前围 cowl, shroud顶盖 roof地板 floor panel行李箱盖 trunk lid, deck lid后围板 rear end panel前柱 front pillar, “A” pillar中柱 center pillar, “B” pillar后柱 rear pillar, “C” pillar上边梁 roof rail门槛 rocker panel仪表板 instrument panel遮阳板 sun visor刮水器 wiper后视镜 rear view mirror门锁 door lock玻璃升降器 window regulator密封条 weather strip暖气装置 heater空调装置 air conditioner座椅 seat头枕 head restraint安全带 safety seat belt钢化玻璃 toughened glass夹层玻璃 laminated glass货箱 carrying platform边板 side board后板 tail board前板 head board地板，底板 floor board栓杆 tightening latch第二十五章附属设备车速表 speedometer里程表 mileage recorder机油压力表 oil pressure gauge 燃油表 fuel gauge水温表 water temperature gauge 电流表 ammeter前大灯 head lamp转向指示灯 turning indicator制动信号灯 braking signal light 报警信号装置 warning signal。
汽车专业英语(发动机四冲程)
• manifold ['maen,feuld] adj. 多种多样的; n.具有多种形式的东西;多支管
• volume ['vslju:m] n.卷, 册,书卷;体积;容积，容量;音量, 响 度.
Part Two-Word Learning
Part Two-Word Learning
• inlet [‘inlet] n.进口，入口 • valve [vaelv] n. 阀,活门,阀门，气门 • exhaust [ig'zo:st] vt. 用尽;使非常疲倦;
n.排气装置,排气管[孔];废气 • suction ['sAkJen] n.吸,抽吸 • revolution [,reva"lu:Jen] n. 革命;彻底改变,重大变革;旋转;
vt. & vi.用抽水机汲水;给... .打气
Part Two-Word Learning
• drain [drein] vt. & vi.(使)流干，(使)逐渐流走; n.排水沟,排水管
• bolt [bault] n.螺栓; (i 门或窗)插销,闩; • crush [krAJ] vt. & vi.压碎,压坏;
• gas-tight气密的， 不透气的 • swivel ['swIval] n.转节，转环;旋轴;旋转接头
vt. & vi.(使)旋转;在枢轴.上转动 • gudgeon ['gnd3an] n.易骗的人;舵钮;舵栓. • pin [pin] n.大头针, 别针;饰针;锁, 钉,插头,闩;腿. • coupling ['kaplin] n.连接;连接器; (尤指列车等的)车钩,挂
四冲程发动机工作原理讲解ppt课件
压缩冲程
• 在压缩冲程中： • 进气门关闭 • 排气门关闭
• 活塞由下止点运动到 上止点
• 曲轴从180°~360°
寒假来临，不少的高中毕业生和大学 在校生 都选择 去打工 。准备 过一个 充实而 有意义 的寒假 。但是 ，目前 社会上 寒假招 工的陷 阱很多
压缩冲程
寒假来临，不少的高中毕业生和大学 在校生 都选择 去打工 。准备 过一个 充实而 有意义 的寒假 。但是 ，目前 社会上 寒假招 工的陷 阱很多
四冲程发动机工作原理
寒假来临，不少的高中毕业生和大学 在校生 都选择 去打工 。准备 过一个 充实而 有意义 的寒假 。但是 ，目前 社会上 寒假招 工的陷 阱很多
柴油机和汽油机的异同点
寒假来临，不少的高中毕业生和大学 在校生 都选择 去打工 。准备 过一个 充实而 有意义 的寒假 。但是 ，目前 社会上 寒假招 工的陷 阱很多
谢谢观赏！
发动机动态图的欣赏
• 对置式发动机
寒假来临，不少的高中毕业生和大学 在校生 都选择 去打工 。准备 过一个 充实而 有意义 的寒假 。但是 ，目前 社会上 寒假招 工的陷 阱很多
发动机动态图的欣赏
• 增压发动机
寒假来临，不少的高中毕业生和大学 在校生 都选择 去打工 。准备 过一个 充实而 有意义 的寒假 。但是 ，目前 社会上 寒假招 工的陷 阱很多
发动机动态图的欣赏
• 转子发动机
寒假来临，不少的高中毕业生和大学 在校生 都选择 去打工 。准备 过一个 充实而 有意义 的寒假 。但是 ，目前 社会上 寒假招 工的陷 阱很多
作业
• 发动机的组成Βιβλιοθήκη • 发动机的工作原理？寒假来临，不少的高中毕业生和大学 在校生 都选择 去打工 。准备 过一个 充实而 有意义 的寒假 。但是 ，目前 社会上 寒假招 工的陷 阱很多
汽车专业英语(发动机部分)PPT课件
11
水箱，通过水泵作用，水 通过水道流通整个汽缸体，
进行降温。
水冷却式发动机 Water coolet engine
12
风冷，通过空气气流与风扇 作用，空气/风通过发动机整
个汽缸体，进行降温。
风冷却式发动机 air coolet engine
13
•Clissfiled by number of cylinder （按气缸数量分类）
You Know, The More Powerful You Will Be
Thank You
在别人的演说中思考，在自己的故事里成长
Thinking In Other People‘S Speeches，Growing Up In Your Own Story
讲师：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日
活塞反复运动一次，曲轴转动一周， 两个冲程完成一个工作循环。
二冲程发动机
Two stroke engine
stroke
[strəʊk] n. 冲程，行程；
10
活塞反复运动两次，曲轴转动两周， 四个冲程完成一个工作循环。
四冲程发动机
Four stroke engine
stroke
[strəʊk] n. 冲程，行程；
• 配气机构
machanism
• 润滑系统
Valve machanism
• 点火系统
Lubrication system
• 启动系统
Ignition system
• 冷却系统
Starting system
• 进气系统
Cooling system
• 排气系统
Intake system
Exhaust system
汽车实用英语 汽车维修英语 第2讲 Engine systems(发动机系统)
3. The biggest part of the engine is the cylinder block, which is also called an engine block.
Automobile Service English
（汽车维修英语） 第2讲 Engine systems
（发动机系统）
2 Engine systems （发动机系统）
一、Basic engine parts 发动机的基本零件 二、Four-stroke cycle engine 四冲程发动机 三、Fuel system 燃油系统 四、Cooling system 冷却系统 五、Lubrication system 润滑系统
» COMPRESSION STROKE
• Vocabulary
3. Power stroke
– The power stroke begins as the compressed air-fuel mixture being ignited. An electrical spark across the electrodes of a spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture. The burning fuel rapidly expands, creating a very high pressure against the top of the piston. This drives the piston down toward BDC. The power of the piston downward movement is transmitted through the connecting rod to the crankshaft.
汽车实用英语项目一 四冲程发动机构造与工作过程介绍
5) combustion chamber
8) cylinder head
Exercises: Translate the following into English
1) 气缸体 3) 曲轴箱 4) 油底壳 6) 活塞环 7) 点火分电器 9) 主轴承轴颈
2) 太阳能电池
5) 正时皮带 8) 火花塞
Translation of difficult sentence
1. Engines in motor vehicles can be internal combustion, electric or a combination of the t wo (known as 'hybrid'). 翻译：汽车的动力装置可以是内燃机、电动机、或者两者的组合（如所谓的混合动 力）。 2. The batteries can be charged using an internal combustion engine, fuel cell, solar cell, p ower regeneration and external charging. 翻译：蓄电池可以用内燃机，燃料电池，太阳能电池，再生能量或外部电源进行充 电。 3. The large end of the connecting rod connects to the crankshaft and the small end connec ts to the piston. 翻译：连杆大端连接到曲轴，小端连接到活塞。 4. The firing order for a four-cylinder engine is 1-3-4-2 or 1-2-4-3. 翻译：4缸发动机的点火顺序为1-3-4-2或1-2-4-3。 5. For identification purposes, manufacturers classify automobile engines by their cylinder arrangement, valve arrangement, and type of system used to cool the engine. 翻译：发动机制造商将汽车发动机按气缸排列、气门布置以及冷却系统的类型进行 分类。
《汽车实用英语(第二版)》(项目二)
crankshaft Mechanism valve cylinder Lubrication System power stroke
connecting rod
Crankshaft and Connecting Rod
engine block
piston
flywheel
Valve Mechanism
燃油系统 燃油系统的功用是根据发动机运转工况的 需要，向发动机供给一定数量的、清洁的、 雾化良好的汽油，以便与一定数量的空气混
mixture. At the same time, the fuel system also needs to store 合形成可燃混合气。同时，燃油系统还需要
a considerable20 amount of gasoline to ensure that the car has 储存相当数量的汽油，以保证汽车有相当远
汽车实用英语
项目二 掌握汽车发动机的构造和工作原理
Master the Structure and Operating Principle of Automobile Engine
01
学习汽车发动机的总体构成
02
学习发动机曲柄连杆机构
03
学习发动机配气机构
04
学习发动机点火系统
05
学习发动机燃油系统
v. （使）循环 n. 容量 火花塞
n. 间隔；间隙 燃烧室
adj. 膨胀的；扩张的 v. 旋转；使旋转
v. 排出；喷出 adv. 屡次；常常
TASK 1——畅 享 阅 读
TASK 1——畅 享 阅 读 The Construction of Engine
Engine forms an integral component of a vehicle. It mainly converts the heat generated1 by fuel combustion into mechanical energy, and drive a vehicle through the chassis transmission system. Generally, the combustion engine is composed of two mechanisms2 and five systems.
四冲程发动机的工作流程
四冲程发动机的工作流程英文回答：A four-stroke engine, also known as a four-cycle engine, is a type of internal combustion engine commonly used in automobiles, motorcycles, and other vehicles. It operateson a four-step process, consisting of intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust.During the intake stroke, the piston moves downward, creating a vacuum in the cylinder. The intake valve opens, allowing a mixture of air and fuel to enter the combustion chamber. This mixture is often referred to as the air-fuel mixture or the charge.Next comes the compression stroke. The piston moves upward, compressing the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. Both the intake and exhaust valves are closed during this stroke.Once the compression stroke is complete, the spark plug ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture, resulting in combustion. This is the power stroke, where the expanding gases push the piston downward with great force. The energy generated from the combustion is transferred to the crankshaft, which converts the linear motion of the piston into rotary motion.Finally, during the exhaust stroke, the piston moves upward again, expelling the burned gases from the combustion chamber. The exhaust valve opens, allowing the gases to exit through the exhaust system.This four-stroke process repeats continuously as the engine operates, producing the power necessary to propel the vehicle. The intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes occur in a specific sequence and timing, synchronized by the engine's camshaft and crankshaft.中文回答：四冲程发动机，也被称为四冲程循环发动机，是一种常用于汽车、摩托车和其他车辆的内燃机。
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项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
Components at the front of the engine are: piston,connecting rod, crankshaft, crankshaft timing pulley,timing belt, crankshaft pulley and balancer (shown as Figure 1-2).
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
The oil pan, or sump, is attached to the bottom of the crankcase and closes off the internal parts (shown as Figure 1-5).
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
Components at the top of the engine are:timing belt, camshaft timing pulley, camshaft,rocker arms and shafts, intake valves and springs, exhaust valves and springs, piston (shown as Figure 1-1).
引导问题
你知道下图中英文的意思吗？
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
学习时间
１.时间要求:建议 4学时
任务描述
以四冲程发动机为例，学习有关发动机构造及工作过程等知识，如 汽缸体、汽缸盖、活塞、连杆、进气行程、压缩行程、做功行程及排气 行程等，完成相关词汇、特殊语句的认识。通过完成该任务，能阅读关 于发动机构造及工作过程的英文文献，并能运用所学项目知识和翻译技 巧，翻译相关文献。
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
Components at the rear of the engine are: fl ywheel, starter ring gear, piston， connecting rod ,crankshaft and crankshaft fl anger (shown as Figure 1-3).
项目一 四冲程发动机构造与工作过程介绍
1 学习目标 2 学习时间 3 任务描述 4 引导问题 5 项目内容 6 拓展材料
学习目标
1.认识关于四冲程发动机构造、工作过程的英语术语和词汇； 2.理解发动机中零部件及工作过程的固定表达方法； 3.运用所学知识，借助专业词典，对发动机各总成资料进行中英文互译； 4.在教师指导下，完成与发动机构造及工作过程相关的英语资料阅读和翻译； 5.正确完成课后练习。
rods, crankshaft balance weights, crankshaft main-bearing journals, pulley，balancer ,fl ywheel and timing belt (shown as Figure 1-4).
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
The large end of the connecting rod connects to the crankshaft and the small end connects to the piston (shown as Figure 1-6).
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
汽车实用英语
2021/3/2
2021/3/2
项目一 四冲程发动机构造与工作过程介绍 项目二 发动机燃油供给系统认识 项目三 发动机冷却系统和润滑系统认识 项目四 汽车底盘构造认识 项目五 汽车电气设备和主动安全系统介绍 项目六 汽车车身电气设备和被动安全系统介绍 项目七 车载网络系统与自动驾驶技术介绍 项目八 新能源汽车介绍 项目九 汽车性能参数及检测设备介绍 项目十 汽车故障诊断仪和数据流 项目十一 汽车使用说明书及维修资料
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the ConstБайду номын сангаасuction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
项目内容
Project 1 Introduction to the Construction and Operation of a Four-stroke Engine
Components at the bottom of the engine are: four pistons, connecting