高三英语复习：动词时态语态

动词时态语态

一、知识精要

时态

一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。但纵观十年高考的真题不难发现，现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成时和将来进行时也时有考查，所以备战高考应在掌握大纲规定的八种时态基础上，兼顾以上四种。

一、一般现在时

1. 常同often, sometimes, usually, always, twice a month, every week,

occasionally等状语连用。

She always takes a walk in the evening.

I do some exercise every day.

2.

She knows French and German besides English.

Some people still live in poverty.

3.

The earth (move) round the sun.

Time and tide wait for no man.

4. 在状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态，主句通常用。

I’ll tell her when she (come) tomorrow.

But we won’t go if it (rain).

二、一般过去时

1. （常同yesterday, last week, just now, the other day, at that time

等状语连用。）

The foreign guests visited Nanjing last spring.

He didn’t go to school yesterday.

2.

When she was there, she often went to the supermarket.

三、一般将来时

1. 基本形式：

基本用法：（立足于）

2. 其他表达法

(1) ，表示打算做某事或即将发生某事。

(2) ，表示即将发生某事，安排或要求做某事。

(3) ，表示即将发生某事，句中不可以用表示未来时间的状语。

判断正误：

The talk is about to begin. ( )

The talk is about to begin in five minutes. ( )

注：be about to do 经常与when 引导的时间状语连用，表示“正要……这时（突然）……”

如：I was about to leave when it began to rain.

(4) 某些动词的可以表示将来时间，指根据时间表规定预计要发生的动作。注：此时通常充当主语。

有此用法的动词有：begin, leave, arrive, return, start, end等。

The term starts on 1st September.

When does the plane leave?

(5) 某些动词的可表示计划或准备要做某事。注：此时通常人作主语。

有此用法的动词有：leave, go, come, stay, do, take, have等。

I am leaving tonight.

The Talent Show is coming in two weeks’ time.

四、现在进行时

1. 表示现在或正在进行的动作或发生的事情。

It is snowing outside.

She is learning English at college.

2. 与always, forever, constantly等副词连用，带有等感情色彩。

Jim is always coming late for class.

She is always reading novels.

五、现在完成时

1. 现在完成时表示动作在过去，对现在产生影响或结果。常用的时间状语有：just, already, yet, so

far, recently, ever等。

I have seen him somewhere before.

2. 表示从开始，一直延续到的动作或状态。

They have been friends since childhood.

3. 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历。常用的时间状语有twice, ever,

never, three times, before等。

I’ve never seen her so angry before.

4. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时强调的是它和现在有密切的联系，对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作；而一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，不表示和现在有关系。

比较：

He worked there for three years. ( )

He has worked there for three years. ( )

六、过去进行时

1. 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。

What were you doing at nine last night?

At that time she was working in a laboratory.

2. 过去进行时和一般过去时的差别：

1）强调动作的角度不同：前者强调动作正在进行，后者强调动作已完成。

I was reading a novel last night.（）

I read a novel last night.（）

2）时间状语不同

比较：

She was doing the homework all day yesterday.

She did the homework yesterday.

七、过去完成时

1. 表示过去某时前或过去的某个动作前发生的动作或情况（也可说是“”）。

By the end of June they had treated 30,000 patients.

The play had already started when we got to the theatre.

2. 表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一个时间，还可能持续下去。常与for, since 等

引出的时间状语连用。

It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days.

3. 用于两个常用句型的主句中：hardly (scarcely) ... when, no sooner ... than，表示

She had hardly gone to bed when the bell rang. 4. intend, mean, expect, want, hope, plan, think, wish等动词的过去完成时可以表示本来打算做或希望做而没有做的事。

I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me when I was about to leave. 【注意】过去完成时是一个时态。只有和过去某时间或动作相比较时才能用到该时态。

比较：

Most of the guests had left when we arrived at the party.

He played basketball for many years when he was young.

八、过去将来时

1. 这个时态也是一个相对的时态, 主要表示从某时看来将要发生的事情。

He was sixty-eight. Two years later he would be seventy.

2. “would + 动词原形”可用来表示过去的动作。

Whenever he had time, he would help them in their work.

九、现在完成进行时

1. 表示动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，这个动作可能刚终止，也可能还在进行。

We’ve just been talking about you.

What book have you been reading recently?

2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别

1）现在完成时一般表示动作已经完成，现在完成进行时的动作不一定已经完成，很可能持续下去。

比较：

I’ve been writing an article. ( )

I’ve written an article.( )

2）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。

I’ve been taking part in races for about four years.

How many races have you taken part in?

十、将来完成时

1. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。

They will have been married for 20 years by then.

2. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作。

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.

By the time you get home, I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.

十一、过去完成进行时表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始一直持续到过去的另一时间。

Mary had been writing the letter till two o’clock yesterday.

十二、将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。

（我将在纽约学习汉语）at this time of next year.

语态