06高中英语语法专题 并列句和状语从句

高中英语语法专题六并列句和状语从句
◆并列句的考查要点
1．并列句的基本概念
并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。

在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。

并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。

2．常见的并列连词
(1)表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，not only...but (also)．..等。

He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.
Not only did he speak more correctly，but also he spoke more easily.
(2)表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or...等。

Either you are right, or I am.
(3)表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas等。

Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.
Some of the studies show positive results，whereas others do not.
(4)表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for等。

It must have rained last night，for it is wet all over.
The shops were closed，so I didn’t get any milk.
(5)when还可用作并列连词，意为“就在那时，突然”，相当于and at this/that time。

常用于下列句式：
①sb.was doing sth.when...；
②sb.was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when...；
③sb.had just done sth.when...
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
(6)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。

He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.
题组训练1用适当的并列连词填空
1．—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free the third costs 30.
2．Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird. 3．Don’t drive so fast，you’ll have an accident.
4．She is seriously ill，she doesn’t give up hope.
5．He is a good teacher，he is very popular with students.
◆时间状语从句的考查要点
1．before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。

常用如下句型：
It will be long before...(得过好久才……)It will not be long before...(过不了多久=很快就……)
It was long before... (过了好久才……)It was not long before... (过了不久=很快就……)
2．since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。

since +瞬间动词过去式从发生时算起；
since +持续性动词过去式从结束时算起
It is two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。

It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。

3．as，when，while用法一览表。

(1)till，not...until...，until
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. He waited for his father until/till it was twelve o’clock.
(2)hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than表示“刚……就”
We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.
No sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining. (3)directly，immediately，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as，意为“一……就”
He made for the door directly he heard the knock. The moment he saw his mother，he burst into tears.
(4)each time，every time
Each time he came to my city，he would call on me.
题组训练2用适当的连词填空
1．If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won’t bother to see it，or I’ll wait it comes out on DVD.
2．They rushed in we were discussing problems.
3．One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.
4．It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
5．He had no sooner finished his speech the students started cheering.
◆让步状语从句的考查要点
1．although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。

Although/Though they are poor，(yet)they are warm-hearted.
2．even if或even though 让步状语从句，表示“即使”、“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。

I’ll get there even if/though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air. 3．no matter后接上who，what，where，how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。

但在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词。

Don’t trust him，no matter what/whatever he says. I will eat whatever you give me. No matter how hard the work is，you’d better try to do it well.
4．as也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。

though引导的从句也可以倒装，但although引导的不可以。

Child as(though) he is，he knows a lot. Much as I like it，I won’t buy.
Try as he would，he couldn’t lift the heavy box.
5．while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。

while 引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。

题组训练3用适当的连词填空
1．It was a nice meal， a little expensive.
2．volleyball is her main focus，she’s also great at basketball.
3．Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.
4．regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
5．all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post. 6．We’ll make a trip the weather is bad.
◆原因状语从句：because，for，as，since，now that
1．表示不知道的原因时用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because 从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。

Y ou want to know why I’m leaving？I’m leaving because I’m fed up with the boss.
for虽然表示不知道的原因，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于主句之后，这时，for是并列连词。

如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。

It’s morning now，for the birds are singing.(很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因)。

2．表示已经知道的原因时用as或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。

since要比as正式一些，通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。

Seeing all of the children already seated，he said，“Since everyone is here，let’s start.”3．下列情况下只能使用because：
(1)在回答why的问句时；(2)在用于强调句型时；(3)被not所否定时。

◆地点状语从句：where，wherever等
Make a mark wherever you have any questions. We will go where the Party directs us.
◆目的状语从句：that，so that，in order that
注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。

He got up early so that he could catch the early train.
◆结果状语从句：that，so that，so...that...，such...that...
注意：so＋形容词/副词＋that从句；such＋名词＋that从句。

She is so good that we all like her. He is such a good teacher that we all respect him. He is so good a teacher that we all respect him.
◆方式状语从句：as，as if/though
I’ll do as I am told to.It looks as if it is going to rain.
◆条件状语从句：if，unless，so/as long as，in case，once，on condition tha t等You can use my bike as long as you return it on time.
◆注意状语从句中从句的省略现象
1．连词＋过去分词Don’t speak until spoken to. Unless repaired，the washing machine is no use.
2．连词＋现在分词Look out while crossing the street.
3．连词＋形容词/其他常见的有if necessary，if possible，when necessary，if any 等。

If necessary，I will go there.
题组训练4用适当的连词填空
1．The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life. 2．She worked hard everything would be ready in time.
3．He had his camera ready he saw something that would make a good picture.
4．Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever.
5．there is a will，there is a way.
◆语法与写作用状语从句翻译下面的句子
1．当有人落后的时候，其他人总是过来提供帮助。

(2013·江西·书面表达)
2．通常无论我们离得多远或多忙，我们都会尽量回家过节。

(2013·辽宁·书面表达)
3．尽管我很累，但我从没感到这样快乐过。

(2013·陕西·书面表达)
4．我告诉他长大后我会成为赢家。

(2013·湖南·书面表达)
5．首先，如果你接受我的道歉，我会非常高兴。

(2013·山东·写作)
◆感悟高考
1．Lessons can be learned to face the future，history cannot be changed.(2014·江苏，21)
A．though B．as C．since D．unless
2．Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi the bus had dropped her.(2014·重庆，14)
A．until B．When C．although D．where
3．I don’t really like th e author，I have to admit his books are very exciting.(2014·山东，2)
A．although B．unless C．until D．once
4．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，plants can spread to new places.(2014·北京，21)
A．so B．Or C．for D．but
5．It’s no t easy to change habits，with awareness and self-control，it is possible.(2013·重庆，23)
A．for B．Or C．but D．so
6．There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man，also intelligent，fails.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ，32)
A．since B．If C．as D．while
7．Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing.(2013·山东，26)
A．unless B．Until C．although D．since
8．I took my driving license with me on holiday，I wanted to hire a car.(2013·北京，30)
A．in case B．even if C．ever since D．if only
9．I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.(2013·陕西，18)
A．since B．Until C．before D．when
10．She says that she’ll have to close the shop business improves.(2013·江西，28)
A．if B．unless C．after D．when
答案
题组训练1用适当的并列连词填空
1．—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs 30.
2．Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 3．Don’t drive so f ast，or you’ll have an accident.
4．She is seriously ill，but/yet she doesn’t give up hope.
5．He is a good teacher，so/and he is very popular with students.
题组训练2用适当的连词填空
1．If a lot of people say a film is not good，I won’t bother to see it，or I’ll wait until/till it comes out on DVD.
2．They rushed in while we were discussing problems.
3．One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.
4．It was April 29,2001 when Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
5．He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
题组训练3用适当的连词填空
1．It was a nice meal，though a little expensive.
2．While/Though/Although volleyball is her main focus，she’s also great at basket ball. 3．Frank insisted that he was not asleep although/though I had great difficulty in waking him up.
4．Although/Though regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
5．While/Though/Although all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post.
6．We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.
题组训练4用适当的连词填空
1．The police officers in our city work hard in order that/so that the rest of us can live a safe life.
2．She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time.
3．He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.
4．Jack wasn’t saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if/as though he had done something very clever.
5．Where there is a will，there is a way.
◆语法与写作用状语从句翻译下面的句子
1．当有人落后的时候，其他人总是过来提供帮助。

(2013·江西·书面表达)
When some fell behind，others would come and offer help.
2．通常无论我们离得多远或多忙，我们都会尽量回家过节。

(2013·辽宁·书面表达)
Usually，no matter how far away or how busy we are，we will try to return home for the celebration.
3．尽管我很累，但我从没感到这样快乐过。

(2013·陕西·书面表达)
Tired as I was，I never felt so happy.
4．我告诉他长大后我会成为赢家。

(2013·湖南·书面表达)
I told him that I would be the winner when I grew up.
5．首先，如果你接受我的道歉，我会非常高兴。

(2013·山东·写作)
In the first place=to begin with，I’ll be so happy i f you could accept my apology.
◆感悟高考
1．Lessons can be learned to face the future，history cannot be changed.(2014·江苏，21)
A．though B．as C．since D．unless
答案 A
解析考查连词的用法。

句意为：尽管历史无法改变，我们却能够吸取教训来面对未来。

根据句意结合常识来判断，A选项更合理。

B选项也有“尽管”的意思，但用于“n./adj./adv.＋as＋主谓”结构中；C选项是最大干扰项，意为“既然，由于”，似乎说得通，但是题干前后两句并非因果关系；D选项相当于if not，不符合题意。

2．Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi the bus had dropped her.(2014·重庆，14)
A．until B．When C．although D．where
答案 D
解析考查状语从句。

句意为：过了半个小时，Lucy还没有在下公交车的地方打到的士。

until直到，引导时间状语从句；when当……时候，引导时间状语从句；although虽然，引导让步状语从句；where在……地方，引导地点状语从句。

根据the bus had dropped her可知，此处所填词引导地点状语从句，故选where。

3．I don’t really like the author，I have to admit his books are very exciting.(2014·山东，2)
A．although B．unless C．until D．once
答案 A
解析考查让步状语从句。

主句“我不是真的喜欢这个作者”与从句“我不得不承认他的书真的非常振奋人心”形成了让步关系，故选择although。

4．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，plants can spread to new places.(2014·北京，21)
A．so B．Or C．for D．but
答案 A
解析考查连词。

句意为：一些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，所以植物就能传播到新的地方。

so因此，于是，表示因果关系，符合句意。

5．It’s not easy to change habits，with awareness and self-control，it is possible.(2013·重庆，23)
A．for B．Or C．but D．so
答案 C
解析考查连词。

句意为：改变习惯不容易，但是如果有了想改变的意识和自控力，(改变习惯)也是可能的。

前后句之间为转折关系，故选C项。

6．There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man，also intelligent，fails.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ，32)
A．since B．If C．as D．while
答案 D
解析考查状语从句引导词的辨析。

句意为：我们无从知晓为何一个人会有重大发现而另一个似乎同样聪慧的人却做不到。

while意为“然而”，表示转折，与前一事物形成对比。

7．Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing.(2013·山东，26)
A．unless B．Until C．although D．since
答案 D
解析考查状语从句——原因状语从句。

根据题意，前后之间为因果关系，因为要开分公司，所以需要学习汉语。

答案选D。

8．I took my driving license with me on holiday，I wanted to hire a car.(2013·北京，30)
A．in case B．even if C．ever since D．if only
答案 A
解析考查连词用法。

句意为：我随身带了驾照去度假，以备我租车用。

in case 万一，以防；even if即便；ever since自从……以来；if only但愿。

故选A项。

9．I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.(2013·陕西，18)
A．since B．Until C．before D．when
答案 A
解析句意为：自从我回国以来，听到了很多你的好消息。

since自从……以来(至今)，与主句现在完成时匹配。

10．She says that she’ll have to close the shop business improves.(2013·江西，28)
A．if B．unless C．after D．when
答案 B
解析考查状语从句的引导词。

句意为：她说，除非生意好转，否则她只能关掉店铺。

if如果；unless除非，如果不……；after在……之后；when当……的时候。

根据句意，B项符合题意。