人教版英语必修一重难点解析2.4课

Section ⅣGrammar —直接引语与间接引语(Ⅱ)—祈使句

[新知导引]

1．(教材P12)“Look at this example，” the teacher said to us.

→The teacher told_us_to_look at that example.

2．(教材P12)“Would you like to see my flat？” she asked.

→She asked_me_to_see_her flat.

3．“Don't look out of the window, boys，” said the teacher.

→The teacher told_the_boys_not_to_look out of the window.

4．He said, “How clever the child is！”

→He said_how clever the child was.

[语法详解]

1．祈使句的直接引语变间接引语，祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词＋宾语＋动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask, tell, beg, warn, remind, advise, order等。

引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind, warn等词转述。

*“Take an umbrella in case of rain.”his mother said to him.

→His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain.

*The leader said to the workers, “Don't speak while working.”

→The leader warned the workers not to speak while working.

[名师点津]

(1)无论是否定祈使句，还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式：

①引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb.(not) to do sth.的形式。

*“Finish the task in ten minutes.” the manager said to the clerk.

→The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes.

*“Keep silent！” the chairman said to the students.

→The chairman ordered the students to keep silent.

②当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句(或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句)时，多用suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，及ask/advise/want/beg sb.＋to do等结构。

*Mary said, “Let's go to the art exhibition this afternoon.”

→Mary suggested going to the art exhibition that afternoon.

→Mary suggested that we (should)go to the art exhibition that afternoon.

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, with vowels(元音) pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact(接触) with many people from around the world. This meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary came out.

Early Modern English and Late Modern English are mostly different in the number of words. Late Modern English has many more words, mainly because of the following two reasons: First, the Industrial Revolution(工业革命) led to the need for new words. Second, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.

From around 1600, the English colonization(殖民地化)of North America led to American English. Some English pronunciations and words froze when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that are called “Americanisms” are in fact from British expressions. They were kept in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain. Spanish also had an influence on American English. For example, words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante are from Spanish. French words and West African words(through the slave trade) also influenced American English.

Today, American English has a greater influence, because of the USA's movies, television, popular music, trade and technology.

【语篇解读】本文介绍了英语的发展史。

1．The main difference between Early and Late Modern English lies in ________.

A．vocabulary B．spelling

C．grammar D．pronunciation

答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第二段的“Early Modern English and Late Modern English are mostly different in the number of words.”可推知答案。

2．What helped to increase the vocabulary of Later Modern English?

a．the invention of printing

b．the Industrial Revolution

c．the colonization

d．the contact with other countries