新编英语语法教程

• defer/ delay/ deny/ detest/ endure/ enjoy/ escape/ evade/ excuse/ fancy/ forbid/ favor/ finish/ imagine/ include/ involve/ justify/ mention/ mind/ miss/ necessitate/ pardon/ permit/ postpone/ practice/ prevent/ quit/ recall/ renounce/ require/ resent/ resume/ risk/ stand/ suggest/ warrant/ can’t help
Environmental pollution is a hard problem to be coped with.
2.时间紧迫，我们必须马上动身。 A：
There is no time to lose. We must start at once.
3.这是一种必须在几年之内加以消 灭的传染病。
• 非谓语动词作宾语 • 1) 不定式是 “未发生” 或 “将发生”
而动名词是 “已完成” • remember to turn off the light • remember turning off the light
• 2) 部分动词只用不定式作其宾语
• aim to/ arrange to/ ask to/ afford to/ agree to/ apply to/ beg to/ claim to/ choose to/ dare to/ decide to/ decline to/ demand to/ desire to/ determine to/ endeavor to/ expect to/ pretend to/ proceed to/ promise to/ refuse to/ request to/ resolve to/ seek to/ strive to/ swear to/ undertake to/ volunteer to/ wish to
• I propose to stay there for a few days.(打算)
• try • They tried solving the problem in a
new way.(已经尝试)
• They tried to solve the problem in a new way.(试图准备)
• 3. 原因状语一般由Being… 和 Seeing that…引导
• Being sick, I stayed at home. • Seeing that it was raining, he took
an umbrella. • Being written in haste, the
composition is full of mistakes.
• He expected to see him at once. • I can’t afford to buy a house now.
• 3)部分动词只用动名词作宾语 • acknowledge/ admit/ advise/
advocate/ allow/ anticipate/ appreciate/ avoid/ complete/ confess/ consider/ contemplate
• It is considerate of you to give me a hand.
• important/ easy/ hard/difficult/ nice
• clever/ foolish/ wrong/ considerate/ rude/ impolite/ pleasure/ mistake/ pity/ shame/ honor
outside the room, but
there was nothing to be seen.
10.他可是一个需要认真对待的人.
A: He is a man to be reckoned with. 11. 她坚决拒绝接受他的求婚。
A：She was firm in her refusal to accept
• 非谓语动词的类型 • 1) 不定式 infinitive 具有名词及形
容词性
• 2) 动名词 gerund 具有名词词性 • 3) 现在分词 present participle • 具有形容词词性 • 4) 过去分词 past participle • 具有形容词词性
• 具有名词词性的非谓语动词,即不 定式,动名词,可作句子主语,宾语, 表语等
• 常见的动名词作定语的结构 • an opening speech
• drinking water • drawing paper • reading material • working method • walking stick • operating table
1.环境污染是一项难以应付的问题。 A：
nothing to see.
6.这是一本好书，有许多值得学习 的东西。
A：This is a good book in which there is
much to be learnt.
7.这是一则不可对任何人说的情报。
A：This is an item of information not to
• 6) there be句型的一种特殊情况 • There be no doing sth. = It is
impossible to do sth • There is no telling what would be
the punishment at the moment.
• 7) 表语和主语应平衡 • To live is to struggle. • Living is struggling.
• a waste of time/ an awful job/ not an easy work/ good / better/ interesting/ fun/ odd/ enjoyable/ worthwhile
• 5) 在某些名词或形容词后,用不定 式作真实主语
• It is very important to read aloud in learning a foreign language.
• 两者作主语时的差异 • 1) 不定式强调结果,动名词强调过
程 • To see is to believe. • Seeing is believing.
• 2) 不定式侧重具体某次动作, 动名 词指抽象多次动作
• To smoke so much is not good for you.
• Smoking is not good for our health.
A：This is an infectious disease to be
wiped out in a few years.
4.听不到有什么声音。 A：There was no sound to be heard. 5. 我已经在这里呆了两天，没有什
么可看的了。
A：I’ve spent 2 days here. There is
• When he was young, he went to Japan to study medicine.
• 2.时间和伴随状语一般用分词,不 定式不用作时间状语
• Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
• When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
• 四. 非谓语动词作定语 • 不定式作定语,通常代表动作未完
成
• I have a lot of work to do.
• 现在分词作定语,代表正进行或主 动
• a sleeping child
• 过去分词作定语,表已完成或被动
• the door unlocked
• 动名词作定语,常用来表示功能 • a sleeping child • a sleeping car
• 3)在含有no, -less 等否定词的句子 中,一般都用动名词作真实主语.
• It is no use asking her advice.
• 4) 在某些名词或形容词后,用动名词 作真实主语.
• It’s a waste of time discussing such matters.
• It is worthwhile waiting for anothewenku.baidu.com 2 days.
• You must remember to write to me often.
• regret • I regret missing the film.(已经错过) • I regret to say that I cannot
come.(将要说)
• I propose staying there till next day.(提议)
• deserve / can’t bear • 有的意义略有差别 • I scorn telling lies.(抽象行为) • I scorn to tell a lie.(某次行为)
• 有的意义相差明显 • remember • I remember seeing her once somewhere.
• Do you mind my making a suggestion?
• Pardon me saying it.
• She forgave him doing it.
• 三. 非谓语动词作状语 • 1.不定式通常作目的状语,分词一
般不作目的状语
• Many farmers left home to seek job in big cities.
非谓语动词
• 非谓语动词 • 具有双重性质: • 1) 动词性质 • have breakfast fast • Having breakfast fast is bad for
health.
• 2) 非动词性质,即名词及形容词性 质
• To see is to believe. • The girl standing there is my sister.
say to any other person.
8.这是一个难以解答的问题。 A：This is a difficult question to answer.
9.听见窗外有脚步声，我便轻手轻 脚走出室外，但什么也没看见。
A：Awitntdhoewso, uI nsdtoolef
footsteps out of the
• 5) 主动表被动的动名词常用在下 列几个动词后
• require / need / want / deserve • Does your car require mending? • The flat is dirty. It needs cleaning.
• 6) 有些动词后可用疑问词带不定 式作宾语
• consider / decide / explain / forget / know / tell / remember / wonder
• I have to consider where to go.
• Can you decide which county to invest to.
• 7) 动名词的复合结构,物主代词限 定动名词,如果不是所属关系,代词 用宾格和属格皆可
• I can’t help laughing. • I try to avoid meeting her.
• 4) 既可接不定式，又可接动名词 作宾语的动词
• like / dislike / love / hate / prefer / begin / start / forget / continue / cease / attempt / propose / want / need / remember / regret / neglect