动词不定式典型错误总结

正：To remember so many words is not very easy.
析：动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
3. 我们发现和他相处很难。
误：We find to get on with him very hard.
正：We find it very hard to get on with him.
A. don’t speak B. not speaking C. not speak
3. It’s time for John and ___ the dialogue.
A. her to act out B. she to act out C. her acting out
4. Could you show me ___ ?
Would you mind opening the window? 打开窗子好吗？
9. 他什么也不做，只是看足球比赛。
误：He did nothing but to watch the football game.
正：He did nothing but watch the football game.
6. 我忘了已经把钱还给她了。
误：I forgot to return the money to her.
正：I forgot returning the money to her.
析：forget 和remember 后面既可跟动词不定式，又可跟v-ing 形式。跟动词不定式表示动作尚未去做，跟v-ing 形式表示动作已经做过。再如：
练习：选择正确答案：
1. -I usually go there by train.
-Why ___ there by plane for a change?
A. don’t go B. not go C. not to go
2. You’d better ___ when your mouth is full of food.
To learn English well in one day is impossible.
= It is impossible to learn English well in one day.
一天之内学好英语是不可能的。
2. 记住那么多单词很不容易。
误：To remember so many words are not very easy.
A. stop working B. stop to work C. stopped working
9. How to go there ___ still a question.
A. is B. are C. has
10. This piece of paper is too dirty ___.
析：含有nothing but 的句子中，谓语动词是do, does, did 时，其后的不定式不带to；是其他动词时要带to。再如：
He ate nothing but to sleep. 他什么也不吃，只是睡觉。
10. 误：-Would you like to go with us? –I’d like.
12. 你这样说真好。
误：It’s very nice for you to say so.
正：It’s very nice of you to say so.
析：当做表语的形容词表示的是逻辑主语的品格、特征时，要用介词of 放在逻辑主语的前面，而不能用for。试比较：
It’s useful for us to use a dictionary. 对我们来说，使用字典很有用。
A. crying B. cry C. to cry
7. The boy was asked ___ the road alone.
A. not to cross B. to not cross C. didn’t cross
8. He was ill so he had to ___.
正：There will be hardly enough space to live in on the earth in 600 years.
析：此时动词不定式作定语，和所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以，当动词是不及物动词时，其后必须跟上相应的介词或副词。再如：
I want a pen to write with. 我想要一支钢笔来写。
析：enjoy, finish, practise, keep, mind, give up, put off 等词后面习惯上用动名词作宾语，而不用动词不定式。再如：
He often practises speaking English with foreigners.
他经常同外国人练习说英语。
正：The teacher told us not to read in bed.
析：动词不定式的否定形式是：not + to +动词原形，而不能把not 放在to 的后面。
8. 你喜欢住在乡村吗？
误：Are you enjoying to live in the country?
正：Are you enjoying living in the country?
他看我们打了半个小时的排球。
She is often heard to sing songs in her room.
经常听到她在房间里唱歌。
5. 600年后地球上几乎没有足够的空间居住。
误：There will be hardly enough space to live on the earth in 600 years.
正：-Would you like to go with us? –I’d like to.
析：当做简略回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式可省略to 后面的动词，但不能省掉to。再如：
-Will you please help me carry the big bag? Sure. -I’ll be glad to.
正：The workers are made to work 12 hours a day.
析：感官动词see, hear, watch 等和使役动词let, make, have 等，后面跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时，应省去动词不定式符号to，但在被动结构中不能省略。再如：
He watched us play volleyball for half an hour.
动词不定式典型错误总结
1. 不按次序排队是不礼貌的。
误：Jump the queue is impolite.
正：To jump the queue is impolite./ It’s impolite to jump the queue.
析：动词不定式可以充当除谓语以外的任何成分，而动词原形不能直接用来做这些成分。动词不定式做主语时，习惯上常用it 做形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。再如：
Don’t forget to come to my home for dinner.
别忘了来我家吃饭。
I still remember seeing her somewhere before.
我还记得以前在某个地方见过她。
7. 老师告诉我们不要在床上看书。
误：The teacher told us to not read in bed.
A. what to use it B. how to use it C. where to use it
5. Tom didn’t feel like ___ TV yesterday.
A. to watch B. watched C. watching
6. What makes you ___?
A. not to write B. to write on C. to write
11. I don’t know ___ there or not.
A. if to go B. whether go C. whether to go
12. This question is easy ___.
析：当动词不定式作宾语，后面又有一个形容词作宾语补足语时，一般用it 做形式宾语，而把不定式这个真正的宾语放在后面。再如：
She thinks it interesting to learn Russian. 她认为学俄语很有趣。
4. 工人们每天被迫干12个小时。
误：The workers are made work 12 hours a day.
“请你帮我拿着个大包好吗？” “当然，我很乐意。”
11. 他不知道选那件衬衫。
误：He didn’t know to choose which shirt.
正：He didn’t know which shirt to choose.
析：动词不定式与疑问词连用时，必须把疑问词放在to 的前面。
A. answer B. to answer C. to answer it
Keys:
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.