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室内设计 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 自然 简约—对室内设计现象分析
室内设计外文翻译外文文献英文文献自然简约—对室内设计现象分析附件2:外文原文Natural simplicity - on interior design AnalysisAbstract:The natural, simple interior design show is a way of life, it allows us closer to nature, more emphasis on functionality, more concerned about life itself. create a poetic space.Keywords:minimalism; space; grade; interior design; feelingAncient times, Chinese wooden framework architecture of ancient India, the Orient, Europe, building caves in ancient Greece, ancient Rome and so on decorative stone building closely integrated with the components, with the main building, however. dissolved into Europe in the early seventeenth century Baroque times and the mid-eighteenth century the Rococo era, began with the interior decoration of the main building separated from the main building external and internal fitting-out period in the use of the mismatch, thus leading to the main building and interior decoration of the separation, in the construction of the French court architecture and aristocratic mansion, the new occupation "decorative artisan" was born, the building's internal frequency continuous modification, fixed the main building, the replacement building, "clothing" the time has come. Baroque-style architecture ofthe interior design, one anti-Renaissance solemn, subtle, balanced, tend to exaggerate. luxury, in churches and palaces in the architecture, sculpture, painting into a whole, the pursuit of momentum with the ups and downs, but an attempt to cause the illusion. Rococo interior architecture is the palace of nobility in order to be intimate and comfortable, elegant interior and the pursuit of a more intimateinterior decorative effect. with thin, lightweight, beautiful and complex decorative; hi-shaped, with C-shaped or S-shaped curve of the vortex and soft pastel colors with flowers and birds, many shells as a theme, and the court order to meet the requirements of the exotic, much used in interior decoration. Chinese-style Baroque and Rococo-stylehand-made decoration reached perfection, referred to as "interior decoration". modern representatives of the great development of the industrial revolution, there has been a new type of concrete building,its interior decoration not only from the main building from the Medium, and developed into the main building and not attached to the sole partof the relative separation. Sports camp solved simply decorativebuilding components with a combination of the main contradictions in modernist design become a pioneer in theBauhaus school of thought. decision to emphasize the functional form, consider the space of the building are the protagonist, advocate discarding false surface decoration, all around the architecture reasonable space requirements Services. exclude decoration, emphasis on the use of functions and simplified shapes.Advocate the design of the natural style of natural space, aesthetic promoted the idea that "natural beauty" to the performance of relaxed, comfortable, natural pastoral life, and is often the use of natural wood, stone, rattan, bamboo and other materials rustic texture. clever in interior settings greening, create a natural, simple, fresh and elegant atmosphere. only upholds nature, combined with the natural order intoday's high-tech, high-paced social life, so that people can achieve physical and psychological balance.Simple does not mean easy, it is an attitude towards life. when weare in modern life, to bear too much pressure, we began to look for the feeling of freedom, graceful posture and extraordinary taste. we need to tend to a peaceful state of mind impetuous, So we call for simplicity. from the building space to the general living space, from designers to the ordinary citizen vocational naturally simple style - interior design has become very popular direction.The spirit of simplicity is mainly derived from the origin to the early twentieth century Western Modernism. Britain and France JOHNPawson twoClaudioSilverstein interior designers in the mid 80s to lead thetrend of minimalism design. Europe and the United States at the time of economic downturn, the Art Gallery bosses began to display works of art space to find a way out, some reported costs factory floor layout easyto become art exhibition hall, the purpose of funding is based on atleast make the best display space, while the results of doing so is tosimplify the space, not decoration superfluous things, in fact, this also reflects the emergence of a new aesthetic design. from home into the design of art galleries, the exhibition space with works of art showing the characteristics of the same type of aesthetic simplicity.art at this time it started with the interior coincide with the design and gradually began to slip to the present minimalism became the style of interior design and pursue careers.Return to nature of minimalism are human-specific labor. its purpose is to concise form of expression to meet the people's space environment, the kind of instinctive, emotional and rational needs. In a sense, the prevalence of minimalism are the inevitable trend of human development.Natural, simple interior design to create a poetic space. We know that the "poem"The Art of the characteristics is to use very simple vocabulary, according to certain rules of composition, form a "poem" of such a language, its between the lines contains a great deal of space, a static implicit in the design space. people's ideological feelings, life, longing for injection into the environment through the "mood" to reproduce the three-dimensional space, in reality, it means its habitat, then forgotten by his body, which is a spiritual experience beyond the physical experience, "mood" of creation, it is by creating an atmosphere to achieve a certain spiritual significance embodied the "affinity".In fact, the interior design is minimalism such a "poetic" to create a space with minimalist objects. have to imagine the use of display space,this space is actually a vice-space, has generated various combinations of furniture, deputy space, it often gives a visual "empty" feeling, while "empty" like poetry generated by the "mood", a great mobilization of the person in which emotions, ability to inspire people association. Simple interior design aesthetic to emphasize the form. If Say, the general design of the interior furniture, such as sofas, tables andother items referred to as the main object, then minimalism interior design is there is no such distinction. Minimalism in interior design consider any part of space will share the same important role, including the walls, ground, and so on top of all the objects in space. coordination portfolio has a strong aesthetic form, which is mainly embodied in point Line, surface, the three elements of the performance space. China for thousands of culture, how much precipitation Heng Bank works, especially the Han Chinese are building a more beautiful set of Aura essence to "simple, solid, precise, elegant" as the principles unique to Oriental aesthetic ideas, independent and vigorous temperament, concise vague distant charm of simplicity, the world should ring. it has also affected the international building design concepts, but alsoaffect the interior design aesthetic.Design is able to express the language as little as possible as much information as possible, depends on its design will be many manifestations of the combined elements of science, in which the choice and use of color plays a very crucial role. We know colors are different wavelengths Light reflection and absorption of the result of the spread of light faster than the spread of graphiclanguage faster, which makes it the first time people feel, so the first sense of space is the color, and different colors can cause differentand feelings of psychological reflect. Natural, simple interior design, black and white and color materials are representative of its color, is often used in color, these colors were not inclined to think most arethe colors of the visual interference of the smallest person:Interior design at the same time alsoemphasized the use of light, often through access to natural light source, such asskylights, which create a pastel color space of one whole plays avery important role, but also embodies the minimalism advocated by the simple but not simple Style.The performance of every means to live for the purpose of, for each partial emphasized its functionality and comfort: In fact, such a full expression of functionaldesign embodies the basic aesthetic principle, is also very easy to understand, any design Service is based on man-made object, person inthe consumer design, are the most important consumer of its practical function: so, when we see a seemingly hardseat, do not immediately judge it is bound to bring you the feelingof cold, go get the moment, perhaps it is that it backs the arc Road inadvertently bring you down just to experience the benefits of comfort.It should be said that natural, simple interior design show is a way of life, it allows us closer to nature, more emphasis on functionality, more concerned about life itself.Concise understanding of the person to person, because of people's age, knowledge, quality of life, different backgrounds, and the taste will be different requirements. social development, the progress of the times, new thinking, new structure, the emergence of new materials will have to adapt to this new concept of decoration, new forms, new space. decorative simplicity of this modern form of expression has depth affect the building products, industrial products, in many fields such asLiving Products. several pipe, a timber, a reactor cloth can make different forms of modern furniture. it has quietly let people's way of life and ideas have been a qualitative change. think concise designstyle is bound to outshine others, to become people's lives, the pursuit of 21st century fashion.A concise form of expression to meet the people's space environment, the kind of instinctive, emotional and rational needs, this is also the international community today. popular design style and modern fast-paced, high-frequency, full load, has no people to Reusable: point increase in the acceptance of people in this increasingly busy life, a desire to be able to completely relax, simple and pure spirit to regulate the conversion of space, which is dominated in the complementary sense, arising from trying to shake off cumbersome, complicated, easy and natural to pursue the psychological. hostels inIndonesia Bali Series design, inspired by Bali's folk style, but in space architecture and dynamic line arrangements are designed to extend the spirit of simplicity: performance in the Materials the emergence of the local natural original timber, straw and stone: designers of these natural elements of folk withaccurate and concise detail to deal with in order to strengthen the theme will also bepart of decorative simplistic, presented by the space can be said modern Balinese style.Taking a panoramic view of the world's architectural design, whether they are German Master • Mies van der Rohe, or the United States • Richard Meyer, Tadao Ando of Japan, Chinese-American IM Pei, they are the most pure form, with a very ordinary materials, use of the most concise way, showing great depth of meaning and noble qualities: space a piece of their work is full of spirituality has infinite vitality, and their design idea in today's era of shock: also led the development trend of thetimes.附件1:外文资料翻译译文自然简约—对室内设计现象分析摘要:自然,简约的室内设计展现的是一种生活方式,它让我们更接近自然,更强调功能,更关注生活本身:营造的是一种诗意的空间:关键词: 简约;空间;品位;室内设计;感觉远古时期,中国的木构架建筑,东方古印度的石窟建筑,欧洲古希腊,古罗马然而十七世纪初欧的石砌建筑等等装饰与构件紧密结合,与建筑主体溶为一体: 洲巴洛克时代和十八世纪中叶的洛可可时代,开始了室内装饰与建筑主体的分离,外部的建筑主体与内部的装修在使用年限上不匹配,因而导致建筑主体与室内装饰的分离,在营造法国宫廷建筑和贵族宅邸时,新的职业“装饰工匠”诞生了,对建筑物的内部频繁不断地进行改装,不动建筑主体,更换建筑“服装”的时期已经到来:巴洛克式建筑的室内设计,一反文艺复兴时期的严肃,含蓄,平衡,倾向于豪华,浮夸:在教堂及宫殿中把建筑,雕塑,绘画结合成一个整体,追求动势与起伏,企图造成幻象:而洛可可式建筑室内则是皇宫贵族为了得到舒适的,私密的室内而追求优雅的更为亲切的室内装饰效果:具有纤细,轻巧,华丽和繁琐的装饰性;喜用C形,S形或漩涡形的曲线和轻淡柔和的色彩,多以花鸟,贝壳为题材,并为适应宫廷的异国情趣要求,在室内采用了许多中国式装饰:巴洛克和洛可可式的手工制作达到了装饰的极致,被称为“室内装饰”的代表:近代工业革命的大发展,出现了新型的混凝土建筑,它不仅使室内装饰从建筑主体中脱离,而且发展成为不依附于建筑主体而相对独力的部分:分离派运动解开了单纯装饰部件与建筑主体相结合的矛盾,成为现代主义设计的先驱:包豪斯学派强调功能决定形式,认为空间是建筑的主角,提倡抛弃表面虚假的装饰,一切围绕着架构合理的空间服务:要求排除装饰,强调使用功能以及造型的简单化:自然风格倡导设计自然空间,美学上推崇“自然美”, 力求表现悠闲,舒畅,自然的田园生活情趣,也常运用天然木,石,藤,竹等材质质朴的纹理:巧于设置室内绿化,创造自然,简朴,清新淡雅的氛围:只有崇尚自然,结合自然,才能在当今高科技,高节奏的社会生活中,使人们能取得生理和心理的平衡:简约不等于简单,它是一种生活态度:当我们在现代生活中,承受太多的压力,我们开始渴望拥有自由的感觉,优雅的姿态和不凡的品位:我们需要让浮躁的心境趋向平和,于是我们呼唤简约:从大的建筑空间到普通的居住空间,从职业设计师到普通公民,自然简约风格——开始成为室内设计界非常流行的方向: 简约的精神起源主要源自于二十世纪初期的西方现代主义:英国JOHNPawson与法国的ClaudioSilverstein两位室内设计师在80年代中期引领了简约主义的设计潮流:当时欧美的经济不景气,艺廊老板们开始在艺术品的展示空间上找出路,一些报费的工厂车间简单布置,成为艺术展厅,目的是以最少的经费作出最好的展示空间,而这么做的结果就是简化空间,不装饰多余的东西,实际上,这也反映了一种新审美的出现:从设计居家引入到艺廊的设计,使得展示空间与艺术品呈现出同一种美学特征:简约艺术也就在这个时候开始与室内设计相吻合,并逐渐开始流行起来,到现在简约主义成了室内设计追崇的风格:回归自然的简约主义是人类特有的劳动成果:其目的是以简洁的表现形式来满足人们对空间环境那种感性的,本能的和理性的需求:从某种意义上说,简约主义的盛行是人类发展的必然趋势:自然,简约的室内设计营造的是一种诗意的空间:我们知道,“诗”的艺术特点就是用极其简洁的语汇,按照一定的规则组合,形成“诗”这样一种语言,其字里行间包含了极大的空间,一种隐含的静态的空间:在设计中把人的思想情感,人生的向往注入到环境中去,通过“意境”将其立体,空间地再现于现实中,使人入其境,则忘乎其身,这是一种超乎物质感受的精神感受, “意境”的创造,正是通过气氛的营造来达到体现某种精神意义上的“亲和力”:实际上,简约主义室内设计就是这样一种“诗意”空间的营造:用极简的物体摆设产生想象使用空间,这个空间实际上是一种副空间,有各个家具组合产生的副空间,它往往给人视觉上“空”的感觉,而“空”犹如诗所产生的“意境”,极大调动着身处其中的人的情绪,激发人的联想能力:简约室内设计强调形式美感:如果说,一般的室内设计把家具,诸如沙发,桌子等物品称为主体物的话,那么简约主义室内设计是不存在这样的区分的:简约主义室内设计认为处在空间中的任何部分都分担着同样重要的作用,包括墙面,地面,顶面等:空间中所有物体的协调组合具有很强的形式美感,这主要体现在点,线,面三个空间元素的表现上:中国几千年的文化,沉淀出多少恒世佳作,特别是中国汉代建筑更是集精华美妙之灵气,以“简单,厚实,精准,雅致”为原则,将东方特有的审美观念,独立浑厚的气质,凝练渺远的简约神韵,响绝于世:它至今还影响着国际建筑的设计理念,也影响着室内设计的美感: 设计之所以能以尽量少的语言表达尽量多的信息,有赖于其将诸多设计表现形式要素科学的融合在一起,其中色彩的选择和使用起了十分关键的作用:我们知道色彩是不同波长的光反射和吸收的结果,光的传播速度比图形文字的传播速度快,这使得它让人在第一时间感受到,所以对空间最先感受到的就是色彩,而不同色彩可以引起人们不同的心理反映和感受:在自然,简约的室内设计中,黑色和白色以及材料的本色是它的代表色,也是常常使用的颜色,这些颜色被认为是最没有倾向的颜色,对人的视觉干扰最小:同时室内设计也强调对光的使用,往往通过天窗等获取自然光源,这对塑造一种轻淡整一的色彩空间起着相当重要的作用,也体现了简约主义所宣扬的简洁但不简单的风格:每一个表现手段都以居住为目的,对每一个局部都强调其功能性和舒适性:实际上,这种对功能的充分表述体现了设计的基本美学原理,也是很容易理解的,任何设计都是以人为服务对象的,人在消费设计的时候,最主要是消费它的实用功能:所以,当我们看到一张看似坚硬的座椅,不要马上判断它必然带给你冰冷的感觉,坐上去的一刹那,也许正是它背上的那道不经意的弧线带给你恰倒好处的舒适体验: 应该说,自然,简约的室内设计展现的是一种生活方式,它让我们更接近自然,更强调功能,更关注生活本身:对简洁的理解因人而异,由于人们的年龄,见识,素养,生活背景的不同,所产生的品味要求也就不同:社会的发展,时代的进步,新思维,新结构,新材料的出现必定会产生与此适应的装饰新概念,新形式,新空间:简洁这一现代的装饰表现形式已经深入影响到建筑产品,工业产品,生活产品等诸多领域:几根钢管,一个木桩,一个布堆就能做出不同形式的现代家具:它已悄然让人们的生活方式和思想观念产生质的变化:有人认为简洁的设计风格必然会一枝独秀,成为21世纪人们生活追求的时尚: 以简洁的表现形式来满足人们对空间环境那种感性的,本能的和理性的需求,这也是当今国际社会流行的设计风格:而现代人快节奏,高频率,满负荷,已让人到了无可复加的接受地步:人们在这日趋繁忙的生活中,渴望得到一种能彻底放松,以简洁和纯净来调节转换精神的空间,这是人们在互补意识支配下,所产生的亟欲摆脱繁琐,复杂,追求简单和自然的心理:在印尼巴里岛旅馆系列设计中,灵感来自巴里岛上的民俗风格,但在空间架构及动线安排上是延伸简约设计的精神:在材料表现上,出现了自然原始的当地原木,草席及石板:设计师将这些具有自然民俗的元素用精确及简洁的细部来处理以加强主题,同时也将装饰的部分简单化,所呈现的空间可以说是现代巴里岛风格:纵观世界建筑设计大师们无论是德国密斯•凡德罗,还是美国的理查德•迈耶,日本的安藤忠雄,美籍华人贝聿铭,他们都以最纯净的形式,用相当普通的材料,使用最精简的手法,表现出非常深度的内涵和崇高的空间气质:他们一件件充满灵性的作品有着无穷的生命力,他们的设计思想震撼着当今时代:也引领着时代潮流的发展:。
平面设计毕业论文参考文献(精选121最新)
平面设计（graphic design），也称为视觉传达设计，是以“视觉”作为沟通和表现的方式，透过多种方式来创造和结合符号、图片和文字，借此作出用来传达想法或讯息的视觉表现。
平面设计师可能会利用字体排印、视觉艺术、版面（page layout）、电脑软件等方面的专业技巧，来达成创作计划的目的。
平面设计通常可指制作（设计）时的过程，以及最后完成的作品。
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平面设计毕业论文参考文献一;[1]刘彦宏.平面设计中的敦煌壁画元素[J].艺海,2020(03):76-77.[2]马泉臣.在视觉传达设计中图形创意的应用研究[J].西部皮革,2020,42(05):73.[3]赵怡,于爽.浅析色彩美学在平面设计中的作用[J].西部皮革,2020,42(05):61.[4]赵静,程亚鹏.佛教藏经八吉祥纹样在现代平面设计中的应用与重构[J/OL].设计,2019(12):119-121[2019-07-26].[5]刘远洋.浅析城市市政道路设计常见问题及方法[J].居舍,2019(21):109.[6]于爽,赵怡.平面设计中视觉审美元素的建构研究[J].西部皮革,2020,42(05):60.[7]田俊蓉.计算机平面设计中色彩语言的应用研究[J].智库时代,2019(32):252-253.[8]向菲,胡一帆.论道家“虚实论”美学在平面设计中的运用[J].大众文艺,2019(13):96-97.[9]徐舒玲.文艺创作论指导下汉画像鱼纹在平面设计中的创新与应用研究[J].大众文艺,2019(13):148-149.[10]郭欢逸,任悦.品牌设计中标志的图形创意运用价值分析[J].才智,2020(09):247.[11]赵炜.新媒体影响下的平面设计研究[J].传媒论坛,2019(13):159-160.[12]孙岚.现代平面设计对于手绘艺术的应用及创新展示[J].艺术研究,2019(03):132-133.[13]李聪.数字媒体艺术在平面设计中的应用[J].艺术教育,2019(07):206-207.[14]李照.试论色彩视觉错觉在平面设计中的应用[J].艺术科技,2019,32(07):203.[15]王晨思.谈民间剪纸艺术对现代平面设计的启示[J].艺术科技,2019,32(07):204.[16]李照.浅析平面设计中的审美传达[J].艺术科技,2019,32(08):170.[17]黄江.二维动态图形在计算机平面设计中的应用[J].电脑知识与技术,2020,16(09):212-213.[18]封润来.总图设计在合理减少石油化工企业用地中的应用[J].化工管理,2019(19):178-179.[19]齐志飞,陈功,龚天宇,王柳.专题地图GIS数据库与平面设计软件互操作技术[J].城市勘测,2019(03):32-35.[20]王喜刚.关于高速公路线形设计的分析[J].工程建设与设计,2019(12):114-116.[21]武汝涵.关于进一步加强高速铁路列控数据管理的探讨[J].铁路通信信号工程技术,2019,16(06):11-14.[22]杨婉婧.平面设计中波普风格图案的视觉符号特性[J].大众文艺,2020(05):80-81.[23]孙春雷.平面设计元素在室内设计中的应用之研究[J].居舍,2019(18):24.[24]马菲.数字化背景下平面艺术设计与社会生活发展关系探讨[J].轻纺工业与技术,2020,49(03):39-40.[25]张珍.船舶大数据信息平台动态网页平面设计技术[J].舰船科学技术,2019,41(12):193-195.[26]周雪.浅谈字体设计在平面设计中的重要性[J].西部皮革,2020,42(06):25.[27]金育竹.探析平面设计中的立体化运用[J].西部皮革,2020,42(06):23.[28]王宇.传统剪纸艺术对平面设计的启示及应用[J].包装工程,2019,40(12):319-322.[29]原坤.中国传统纹样在平面设计中的应用[J].包装工程,2019,40(12):323-326.[30]张云奇.平面设计中的传统美术传承与创新[J].包装工程,2019,40(12):331-334.平面设计毕业论文参考文献二：[31]陈欢.数字化技术在平面设计中的应用与表达——评《现代平面设计中数字化技术的运用与表达》[J].新闻爱好者,2019(06):110.[32]乔莹洁.浅析甲骨文的特点及其在平面设计中的运用[J].决策探索(下),2020(03):83-84.[33]刘坤晓.浅析民族文化在平面艺术设计中的运用[J].北极光,2019(06):79-80.[34]黄山.平面设计中的三维数字技术研究[J].工业设计,2019(06):148-149.[35]李艳辉,任立红.文字图形化与字体设计的应用思考[J].工业设计,2019(06):94-95.[36]张兆栋.数字多媒体传播形式对平面设计的影响研究[J].电脑编程技巧与维护,2019(06):143-145.[37]王巧宁.住宅室内通风换气与设计影响因素分析[J].居舍,2019(17):20.[38]刁卓.试论房屋建筑规划方案设计[J].建材与装饰,2019(17):83-84.[39]杨云峰,王娟,吴祎欢.城市公园中慢行系统的选线与设计研究[J].风景园林,2019,26(06):79-84.[40]高率睿.平面设计在现代工业中的角色[J].西部皮革,2019,41(11):83.[41]张译方,窦杉.探究计算机绘图软件在平面美术设计中的应用[J].美术教育研究,2019(11):52-53.[42]王丹.基于平面设计视角看传统版画的艺术价值[J].美术教育研究,2019(11):70-71.[43]余杰.浅析艺术作品中的地貌形态语言[J].湖北科技学院学报,2019,39(03):90-93+129.[44]唐玉.基于产品全生命周期与心理需求的用户体验包装设计分析[J].绿色包装,2019(06):70-74.[45]姚鹏.环保理念在平面设计中的应用——评《环境保护概论》[J].环境工程,2019,37(06):198.[46]赵丽丽,王秋晨,高丹.浅析平面设计因素在室内设计中的运用[J].才智,2020(10):250.[47]刘燕.字体设计在平面设计中的重要性及应用分析[J].计算机产品与流通,2020(04):239.[48]罗天一,王烽,谷文强.LNG-FSRU双船并靠码头总平面设计方法研究[J].港工技术,2019,56(03):24-27.[49]邵润浩.经典美术在平面设计中的应用研究[J].辽宁科技学院学报,2019,21(03):75-76+41.[50]吴嘉婧.浅析现代平面设计中的多感官表达[J].中外企业家,2019(17):179.[51]彭庆云.Photoshop在平面设计中的应用[J].南昌师范学院学报,2019(03):36-38.[52]赵希岗,王潇樱.初探汉画艺术对现代平面设计的影响与启示[J].艺术与设计(理论),2020,2(04):38-40.[53]黄福佳.踏虎凿花元素在现代平面设计中的应用探索[J].西部皮革,2020,42(07):74.[54]彭黎.传统美学元素在平面设计中的应用[J].艺术科技,2019,32(06):214.[55]王斐.浅析田中一光作品中的形神与意象[J].艺术科技,2019,32(06):215.[56]王泽群.中国元素在平面设计中的运用[J].艺术科技,2019,32(06):216.[57]牟云环.基于互联网与信息技术环境的平面设计研究[J].微型电脑应用,2019,35(06):50-52.[58]郭军涛.市政道路路线线形设计要点解析[J].工程建设与设计,2019(11):157-159.[59]唐浩.谈平面设计中色彩的应用[J].计算机产品与流通,2019(07):213.[60]王庭如.浅谈扁平化设计风格在平面设计中的应用[J].西部皮革,2020,42(07):65-66.平面设计毕业论文参考文献三：[61]王云霞.陕西剪纸在现代艺术设计中的应用[J].中国造纸,2020,39(04):22-24.[62]武建林.民间剪纸艺术在平面设计中的应用[J].包装工程,2020,41(08):302-304+308.[63]梁星.平面设计在土特产包装中的应用[J].食品研究与开发,2020,41(08):9.[64]张元.中小跨径桥梁工程结构设计内容分析[J].交通世界,2019(16):98-99+123.[65]范茜.印刷工艺在平面设计中的应用研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2019(16):229-230.[66]区穗玲,谢梓红,陈倩.平面设计在食品包装中的应用[J].食品研究与开发,2020,41(08):15.[67]郭立业.平面设计的视觉传达效果与中国传统美术色彩[J].文化创新比较研究,2020,4(12):64-65.[68]刘丽芬.绘画与平面设计的关系[J].中国民族博览,2020(08):151-152.[69]曾琦.传统纹样在平面设计中的应用[J].美术教育研究,2020(08):67-68.[70]赵静,程亚鹏.佛教藏经八吉祥纹样在现代平面设计中的应用与重构[J].设计,2019(12):119-121.[71]魏珍珍,康玮哲.浅谈传统剪纸在平面中的运用[J].西部皮革,2020,42(08):155-156.[72]吴相汉. 湖北古塔元素在海报设计中的应用研究[D].湖北美术学院,2019.[73]齐佳. 汉字图形创意在型录设计中的应用研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2019.[74]李易霖. 传统文化符号四灵图像在现代平面设计中的应用研究[D].哈尔滨师范大学,2019.[75]李芸莉. 汉字字体在包装设计中的艺术性应用研究[D].北京建筑大学,2019.[76]张立洲.留白空间——从平面设计到视频设计[J].大众文艺,2019(10):59-60.[77]姚晓莉.计算机平面设计中色彩语言的应用[J].计算机产品与流通,2020(05):209.[78]蔡颖君,万本瑶.波普艺术对现代平面设计的影响分析[J].美术教育研究,2019(10):56-57.[79]曾仁芝,郑楠.浅谈商业插画在平面设计里的应用研究[J].才智,2020(14):229.[80]尉聪.浅析20世纪初立体主义对现代平面设计的影响[J].西部皮革,2019,41(10):28.[81]李豇乐.视觉语言符号在平面设计中的价值体现[J].西部皮革,2019,41(10):40.[82]李昱娇.民族文化元素在平面设计中的运用[J].花炮科技与市场,2020(02):259+264.[83]张斌翔.预制装配式建筑的设计要点研究[J].住宅与房地产,2019(15):62.[84]梁地,陈欢芳,陈.公路平面交叉口交通安全改善对策分析[J].工程技术研究,2019,4(10):154-155.[85]陈若玮.装饰在现代平面设计中的意义[J].西部皮革,2020,42(09):101.[86]杨磊.三维设计在平面设计的运用研究[J].西部皮革,2020,42(09):61-62.[87]张英.建筑设计中绿色建筑设计理念的整合研究[J].绿色环保建材,2020(05):72-73.[88]李延奇. 极简主义在招贴设计中的应用研究[D].大连外国语大学,2019.[89]钟新平,张玲,刘星福.一种建筑夹层通风道的应用探讨[J].工业建筑,2019,49(05):53-56.[90]潘铭聪,陈利萍.节奏与韵律在企业logo优化中的运用探究[J].北极光,2019(05):100-101.平面设计毕业论文参考文献四：[91]贾盛兰.论平面设计视觉传达效果和中国传统美术色彩[J].传播力研究,2019,3(15):190.[92]崔璇,李腾.海东市行政中心建筑设计理念及关键要点探讨[J].住宅产业,2019(05):20-23.[93]王智超.基于三维虚拟视觉技术的平面设计方法研究[J].计算机产品与流通,2020(08):130.[94]刘姿佑（Liu Tzu-Yu）. 基于院落风环境的多层围合式建筑设计策略研究[D].南京大学,2019.[95]李春雨.招贴设计中的“黄金比例”[J].艺海,2019(05):93-94.[96]杨子媛.论中西方平面设计表现形式的差异[J].艺海,2019(05):101-103.[97]陈茂流.广告摄影在平面广告设计中的创意与艺术表现[J].湖州师范学院学报,2019,41(05):103-107.[98]毕晓明,陈伟.汉代装饰艺术对中国当代平面设计的影响[J].湖州师范学院学报,2019,41(05):108-111.[99]郭洁.探究平面设计中视觉审美元素的构建[J].美术教育研究,2019(09):86-87.[100]赵青,张春燕.数字图像设计领域研究——以标志设计为例[J].美术教育研究,2019(09):98-99.[101]薛舒阳.浅析民族元素在平面设计中的应用[J].中国民族博览,2019(05):186-187.[102]闫晓斌.数字多媒体传播形式对平面设计的影响分析[J].中国民族博览,2019(05):245-246.[103]王瑞,周孟熙.平面设计视觉传达的理论与实践探析——评《视觉传达设计实践》[J].中国高校科技,2019(05):108.[104]吕秋粟,傅翔,卓超.视觉传达设计中的色彩应用分析[J].美与时代(上),2019(05):72-74.[105]邱飞.民间美术与茶包装设计创作方式的互通性研究[J].福建茶叶,2020,42(05):119-120.[106]鲁连影.计算机绘图软件技术在平面美术设计中的应用[J].中国新通信,2020,22(10):113.[107]赵迪.平面设计中排版设计的个性化形式与技巧[J].传媒论坛,2020,3(12):148.[108]李楠,金成.浅谈字体在平面设计领域中的表现[J].西部皮革,2019,41(09):78-79.[109]李子衿.民族元素在平面设计中的体现[J].艺术科技,2019,32(05):229.[110]张越童.中国传统艺术元素在平面设计中的融合与应用分析[J].艺术科技,2019,32(05):230.[111]陶玉琴.东情西韵——浅谈陈幼坚的设计理念与应用[J].艺术科技,2019,32(05):231.[112]曾婵.中职平面设计技能大赛备赛策略及反思[J].职业,2019(14):24-25.[113]申卓弘.浅析平面设计中视觉审美元素的构建[J].戏剧之家,2020(15):132.[114]李嘉节.汉字的造字过程对平面设计的价值[J].大众文艺,2019(09):88.[115]李诺男.传统民间剪纸艺术在现代平面设计中的应用[J].戏剧之家,2020(15):131.[116]施天驰.动态平面设计表现形式初探——以动态GIF为例[J].戏剧之家,2019(16):134.[117]陈锦媛.计算机平面设计中设计软件结合与应用探究[J].教育现代化,2019,6(38):98-99.[118]黄麟凯.木活字在现代社会的应用[J].今日印刷,2019(05):72-74.[119]郤晓辉.建筑平面设计中视觉审美元素的构建分析[J].绿色环保建材,2020(06):104+107.[120]谷衣民. 用蒙德里安艺术特色解析平面设计中的形态构成[D].沈阳师范大学,2019.[121]张瑞琪.新媒体环境下平面设计元素的动态设计研究[J].科技风,2020(16):102+115.以上就是关于平面设计毕业论文参考文献的分享，希望对你有所帮助。
建筑设计中英文对照外文翻译文献
建筑设计中英文对照外文翻译文献On the other hand, there is a significant amount ofliterature in the field of architecture design that is writtenin foreign languages. While it may not be as readily accessible for non-native speakers, there are many benefits to exploring literature in other languages. For example, architects who are fluent in multiple languages can have a broader understanding of different cultural approaches to architecture. By reading literature in foreign languages, architects can gain insights into design concepts and practices that may not be covered in English-language sources. This can lead to a more diverse and innovative approach to design.However, one challenge with accessing literature in foreign languages is the accuracy of translations. Architecture is a technical field with specific terminology, and it is important to ensure that translations accurately convey the intended meaning. In some cases, the translation of technical terms and concepts may not accurately convey their full meaning, which can lead to misunderstandings or confusion. Architects who rely on translated literature should be cautious and ensure they verify the accuracy of the translations with experts in the field.Despite these challenges, it is essential for architects to explore literature in multiple languages to stay informed and to gain a global perspective on architecture design. By consideringboth English and foreign language translated literature, architects can access a wider range of resources and insights. Additionally, architects should consider collaborating with colleagues who are fluent in different languages to ensure accurate translation and interpretation of foreign language sources.In conclusion, architecture design is a field that benefits from accessing literature in multiple languages. English provides a wealth of resources and is the global language of academia. However, architects who can access and read literature in foreign languages can gain new perspectives and insights into different cultural approaches to design. While caution should be taken to verify the accuracy of translations, architects should explore literature in multiple languages to broaden their understanding and enhance their creative problem-solving skills.。
室内设计 外文翻译 外文文献。室内设计风格
室内设计外文翻译外文文献。
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平面设计英文参考文献
平面设计英文参考文献Graphic design is an art form that combines visual elements to communicate messages. It plays a crucial role in various industries, from advertising to publishing.The principles of design, such as balance, contrast, and hierarchy, are fundamental in creating effective visual communication. Understanding these principles can elevate a designer's work to new heights.Color theory is another essential aspect of graphic design. The right color palette can evoke emotions and set the tone for a project, making it resonate with the audience.Typography, the art of arranging type, is vital for readability and aesthetic appeal. Choosing the right font and layout can significantly impact the message's clarity and impact.Innovation in graphic design often comes from exploring new software and techniques. Staying updated with the latest design tools and trends can help designers stay relevant and create cutting-edge work.Collaboration with other creatives, such as photographers and illustrators, can enrich a graphic designer's portfolio. These partnerships can lead to unique and dynamic projects.Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in design. Incorporating eco-friendly practices and materials can make a positive impact on the environment and appeal to a growing market segment.Continual learning and practice are key to mastering the craft of graphic design. Attending workshops, participating in design challenges, and seeking feedback from peers can foster growth and improvement.In conclusion, graphic design is a multifaceteddiscipline that requires a combination of technical skills, creative vision, and a deep understanding of the principles that guide it.。
建筑设计毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献
毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译文献Architecture StructureWe have and the architects must deal with the spatial aspect of activity, physical, and symbolic needs in such a way that overall performance integrity is assured. Hence, he or she well wants to think of evolving a building environment as a total system of interacting and space forming subsystems. Is represents a complex challenge, and to meet it the architect will need a hierarchic design process that provides at least three levels of feedback thinking: schematic, preliminary, and final.Such a hierarchy is necessary if he or she is to avoid being confused , at conceptual stages of design thinking ,by the myriad detail issues that can distract attention from more basic consideration s .In fact , we can say that an architect’s ability to distinguish the more basic form the more detailed issues is essential to his success as a designer .The object of the schematic feed back level is to generate and evaluate overall site-plan, activity-interaction, and building-configuration options .To do so the architect must be able to focus on the interaction of the basic attributes of the site context, the spatial organization, and the symbolism as determinants of physical form. This means that ,in schematic terms ,the architect may first conceive and model a building design as an organizational abstraction of essential performance-space in teractions.Then he or she may explore the overall space-form implications of the abstraction. As an actual building configuration option begins to emerge, it will be modified to include consideration for basic site conditions.At the schematic stage, it would also be helpful if the designer could visualize his or her options for achieving overall structural integrity and consider the constructive feasibility and economic of his or her scheme .But this will require that the architect and/or a consultant be able to conceptualize total-system structural options in terms of elemental detail .Such overall thinking can be easily fed back to improve the space-form scheme.At the preliminary level, the architect’s emphasis will shift to the elaboration of his or her more promising schematic design options .Here the architect’s structural needs will shift toapproximate design of specific subsystem options. At this stage the total structural scheme is developed to a middle level of specificity by focusing on identification and design of major subsystems to the extent that their key geometric, component, and interactive properties are established .Basic subsystem interaction and design conflicts can thus be identified and resolved in the context of total-system objectives. Consultants can play a significant part in this effort; these preliminary-level decisions may also result in feedback that calls for refinement or even major change in schematic concepts.When the designer and the client are satisfied with the feasibility of a design proposal at the preliminary level, it means that the basic problems of overall design are solved and details are not likely to produce major change .The focus shifts again ,and the design process moves into the final level .At this stage the emphasis will be on the detailed development of all subsystem specifics . Here the role of specialists from various fields, including structural engineering, is much larger, since all detail of the preliminary design must be worked out. Decisions made at this level may produce feedback into Level II that will result in changes. However, if Levels I and II are handled with insight, the relationship between the overall decisions, made at the schematic and preliminary levels, and the specifics of the final level should be such that gross redesign is not in question, Rather, the entire process should be one of moving in an evolutionary fashion from creation and refinement (or modification) of the more general properties of a total-system design concept, to the fleshing out of requisite elements and details.To summarize: At Level I, the architect must first establish, in conceptual terms, the overall space-form feasibility of basic schematic options. At this stage, collaboration with specialists can be helpful, but only if in the form of overall thinking. At Level II, the architect must be able to identify the major subsystem requirements implied by the scheme and substantial their interactive feasibility by approximating key component properties .That is, the properties of major subsystems need be worked out only in sufficient depth to very the inherent compatibility of their basic form-related and behavioral interaction . This will mean a somewhat more specific form of collaboration with specialists then that in level I .At level III ,the architect and the specific form of collaboration with specialists then that providing for all of the elemental design specifics required to produce biddable construction documents .Of course this success comes from the development of the Structural Material.1.Reinforced ConcretePlain concrete is formed from a hardened mixture of cement ,water ,fine aggregate, coarse aggregate (crushed stone or gravel),air, and often other admixtures. The plastic mix is placed and consolidated in the formwork, then cured to facilitate the acceleration of the chemical hydration reaction lf the cement/water mix, resulting in hardened concrete. The finished product has high compressive strength, and low resistance to tension, such that its tensile strength is approximately one tenth lf its compressive strength. Consequently, tensile and shear reinforcement in the tensile regions of sections has to be provided to compensate for the weak tension regions in the reinforced concrete element.It is this deviation in the composition of a reinforces concrete section from the homogeneity of standard wood or steel sections that requires a modified approach to the basic principles of structural design. The two components of the heterogeneous reinforced concrete section are to be so arranged and proportioned that optimal use is made of the materials involved. This is possible because concrete can easily be given any desired shape by placing and compacting the wet mixture of the constituent ingredients are properly proportioned, the finished product becomes strong, durable, and, in combination with the reinforcing bars, adaptable for use as main members of any structural system.The techniques necessary for placing concrete depend on the type of member to be cast: that is, whether it is a column, a bean, a wall, a slab, a foundation. a mass columns, or an extension of previously placed and hardened concrete. For beams, columns, and walls, the forms should be well oiled after cleaning them, and the reinforcement should be cleared of rust and other harmful materials. In foundations, the earth should be compacted and thoroughly moistened to about 6 in. in depth to avoid absorption of the moisture present in the wet concrete. Concrete should always be placed in horizontal layers which are compacted by means of high frequency power-driven vibrators of either the immersion or external type, as the case requires, unless it is placed by pumping. It must be kept in mind, however, that over vibration can be harmful since it could cause segregation of the aggregate and bleeding of the concrete.Hydration of the cement takes place in the presence of moisture at temperatures above 50°F. It is necessary to maintain such a condition in order that the chemical hydration reaction can take place. If drying is too rapid, surface cracking takes place. This would result in reduction of concrete strength due to cracking as well as the failure to attain full chemical hydration.It is clear that a large number of parameters have to be dealt with in proportioning a reinforced concrete element, such as geometrical width, depth, area of reinforcement, steel strain, concrete strain, steel stress, and so on. Consequently, trial and adjustment is necessary in the choice ofconcrete sections, with assumptions based on conditions at site, availability of the constituent materials, particular demands of the owners, architectural and headroom requirements, the applicable codes, and environmental reinforced concrete is often a site-constructed composite, in contrast to the standard mill-fabricated beam and column sections in steel structures.A trial section has to be chosen for each critical location in a structural system. The trial section has to be analyzed to determine if its nominal resisting strength is adequate to carry the applied factored load. Since more than one trial is often necessary to arrive at the required section, the first design input step generates into a series of trial-and-adjustment analyses.The trial-and –adjustment procedures for the choice of a concrete section lead to the convergence of analysis and design. Hence every design is an analysis once a trial section is chosen. The availability of handbooks, charts, and personal computers and programs supports this approach as a more efficient, compact, and speedy instructional method compared with the traditional approach of treating the analysis of reinforced concrete separately from pure design.2. EarthworkBecause earthmoving methods and costs change more quickly than those in any other branch of civil engineering, this is a field where there are real opportunities for the enthusiast. In 1935 most of the methods now in use for carrying and excavating earth with rubber-tyred equipment did not exist. Most earth was moved by narrow rail track, now relatively rare, and the main methods of excavation, with face shovel, backacter, or dragline or grab, though they are still widely used are only a few of the many current methods. To keep his knowledge of earthmoving equipment up to date an engineer must therefore spend tine studying modern machines. Generally the only reliable up-to-date information on excavators, loaders and transport is obtainable from the makers.Earthworks or earthmoving means cutting into ground where its surface is too high ( cuts ), and dumping the earth in other places where the surface is too low ( fills). Toreduce earthwork costs, the volume of the fills should be equal to the volume of the cuts and wherever possible the cuts should be placednear to fills of equal volume so as to reduce transport and double handlingof the fill. This work of earthwork design falls on the engineer who lays out the road since it is the layout of the earthwork more than anything else which decides its cheapness. From the available maps ahd levels, the engineering must try to reach as many decisions as possible in the drawing office by drawing cross sections of the earthwork. On the site when further information becomes available he can make changes in jis sections and layout,but the drawing lffice work will not have been lost. It will have helped him to reach the best solution in the shortest time.The cheapest way of moving earth is to take it directly out of the cut and drop it as fill with the same machine. This is not always possible, but when it canbe done it is ideal, being both quick and cheap. Draglines, bulldozers and face shovels an do this. The largest radius is obtained with thedragline,and the largest tonnage of earth is moved by the bulldozer, though only over short distances.The disadvantages of the dragline are that it must dig below itself, it cannot dig with force into compacted material, it cannot dig on steep slopws, and its dumping and digging are not accurate.Face shovels are between bulldozers and draglines, having a larger radius of action than bulldozers but less than draglines. They are anle to dig into a vertical cliff face in a way which would be dangerous tor a bulldozer operator and impossible for a dragline. Each piece of equipment should be level of their tracks and for deep digs in compact material a backacter is most useful, but its dumping radius is considerably less than that of the same escavator fitted with a face shovel.Rubber-tyred bowl scrapers are indispensable for fairly level digging where the distance of transport is too much tor a dragline or face shovel. They can dig the material deeply ( but only below themselves ) to a fairly flat surface, carry it hundreds of meters if need be, then drop it and level it roughly during the dumping. For hard digging it is often found economical to keep a pusher tractor ( wheeled or tracked ) on the digging site, to push each scraper as it returns to dig. As soon as the scraper is full,the pusher tractor returns to the beginning of the dig to heop to help the nest scraper.Bowl scrapers are often extremely powerful machines;many makers build scrapers of 8 cubic meters struck capacity, which carry 10 m ³ heaped. The largest self-propelled scrapers are of 19 m ³struck capacity ( 25 m ³ heaped )and they are driven by a tractor engine of 430 horse-powers.Dumpers are probably the commonest rubber-tyred transport since they can also conveniently be used for carrying concrete or other building materials. Dumpers have the earth container over the front axle on large rubber-tyred wheels, and the container tips forwards on most types, though in articulated dumpers the direction of tip can be widely varied. The smallest dumpers have a capacity of about 0.5 m ³, and the largest standard types are of about 4.5 m ³. Special types include the self-loading dumper of up to 4 m ³ and the articulated type of about 0.5 m ³. The distinction between dumpers and dump trucks must be remembered .dumpers tip forwards and the driver sits behind the load. Dump trucks are heavy, strengthened tipping lorries, the driver travels in front lf the load and the load is dumped behind him, so they are sometimes called rear-dump trucks.3.Safety of StructuresThe principal scope of specifications is to provide general principles and computational methods in order to verify safety of structures. The “ safety factor ”, which according to modern trends is independent of the nature and combination of the materials used, can usually be defined as the ratio between the conditions. This ratio is also proportional to the inverse of the probability ( risk ) of failure of the structure.Failure has to be considered not only as overall collapse of the structure but also asunserviceability or, according to a more precise. Common definition. As the reaching of a “ limit state ” which causes the construction not to accomplish the task it was designed for. Ther e are two categories of limit state :(1)Ultimate limit sate, which corresponds to the highest value of the load-bearing capacity. Examples include local buckling or global instability of the structure; failure of some sections and subsequent transformation of the structure into a mechanism; failure by fatigue; elastic or plastic deformation or creep that cause a substantial change of the geometry of the structure; and sensitivity of the structure to alternating loads, to fire and to explosions.(2)Service limit states, which are functions of the use and durability of the structure. Examples include excessive deformations and displacements without instability; early or excessive cracks; large vibrations; and corrosion.Computational methods used to verify structures with respect to the different safety conditions can be separated into:(1)Deterministic methods, in which the main parameters are considered as nonrandom parameters.(2)Probabilistic methods, in which the main parameters are considered as random parameters.Alternatively, with respect to the different use of factors of safety, computational methods can be separated into:(1)Allowable stress method, in which the stresses computed under maximum loads are compared with the strength of the material reduced by given safety factors.(2)Limit states method, in which the structure may be proportioned on the basis of its maximum strength. This strength, as determined by rational analysis, shall not be less than that required to support a factored load equal to the sum of the factored live load and dead load ( ultimate state ).The stresses corresponding to working ( service ) conditions with unfactored live and dead loads are compared with prescribed values ( service limit state ) . From the four possible combinations of the first two and second two methods, we can obtain some useful computational methods. Generally, two combinations prevail:(1)deterministic methods, which make use of allowable stresses.(2)Probabilistic methods, which make use of limit states.The main advantage of probabilistic approaches is that, at least in theory, it is possible to scientifically take into account all random factors of safety, which are then combined to define the safety factor. probabilistic approaches depend upon :(1) Random distribution of strength of materials with respect to the conditions of fabrication and erection ( scatter of the values of mechanical properties through out the structure );(2) Uncertainty of the geometry of the cross-section sand of the structure ( faults andimperfections due to fabrication and erection of the structure );(3) Uncertainty of the predicted live loads and dead loads acting on the structure;(4)Uncertainty related to the approximation of the computational method used ( deviation of the actual stresses from computed stresses ).Furthermore, probabilistic theories mean that the allowable risk can be based on several factors, such as :(1) Importance of the construction and gravity of the damage by its failure;(2)Number of human lives which can be threatened by this failure;(3)Possibility and/or likelihood of repairing the structure;(4) Predicted life of the structure.All these factors are related to economic and social considerations such as：(1) Initial cost of the construction;(2) Amortization funds for the duration of the construction;(3) Cost of physical and material damage due to the failure of the construction;(4) Adverse impact on society;(5) Moral and psychological views.The definition of all these parameters, for a given safety factor, allows construction at the optimum cost. However, the difficulty of carrying out a complete probabilistic analysis has to be taken into account. For such an analysis the laws of the distribution of the live load and its induced stresses, of the scatter of mechanical properties of materials, and of the geometry of the cross-sections and the structure have to be known. Furthermore, it is difficult to interpret the interaction between the law of distribution of strength and that of stresses because both depend upon the nature of the material, on the cross-sections and upon the load acting on the structure. These practical difficulties can be overcome in two ways. The first is to apply different safety factors to the material and to the loads, without necessarily adopting the probabilistic criterion. The second is an approximate probabilistic method which introduces some simplifying assumptions ( semi-probabilistic methods ) .文献翻译建筑师必须从一种全局的角度出发去处理建筑设计中应该考虑到的实用活动，物质及象征性的需求。
建筑设计中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Housing Problems and Options for the Elderly 1. IntroductionHousing is a critical element in the lives of older persons. The affordability of housing affects the ability of the elderly to afford other necessities of life such as food and medical care. Housing that is located near hospitals and doctors, shopping, transportation, and recreational facilities can facilitate access to services that can enhance the quality of life. Housing can also be a place of memories of the past and a connection to friends and neighbors. Housing with supportive features and access to services can also make it possible for persons to age in place. In this session, we will be examining housing problems andoptions for the elderly. Along the way, we will be testing your housing IQ with a series of questions and exercises.2. Housing Situation of Older PersonsHow typical is the housing situation of the olders?We will begin by examining five areas :（1）Prevalence of home ownership （2）Length of stay in current residence （3）Living arrangements （4）Attachments of older persons to where they live （5）Moving behavior.With whom older persons live can influence housing affordability, space needs, and the ability to age in place. About 54% of older persons live with their spouses, 31% live alone, almost 13% live with related persons other than their spouse and about 2% live with unrelated persons. With increasing age, older persons (primarily women) are more likely to live alone or with a relative other than a spouse. Frail older women living alone are the persons most likely to reside in homes with ‘extra’ rooms and to need both physically supportive housing features and services to "age in place". This segment of the population is also the group most likely to move to more supportive housing settings such as assisted living.Many older persons have strong psychological attachments to their homes related to length of residence. The home often represents the place where they raised their children and a lifetime of memories. It is also a connection to an array of familiar persons such as neighbors and shopkeepers as well as near by places including houses of worship, libraries and community services. For manyolder persons, the home is an extension of their own personalities which is found in the furnishings . In addition, the home can represent a sense of economic security for the future, especially for homeowners who have paid off their mortgages. For owners, the home is usually their most valuable financial asset. The home also symbolizes a sense of independence in that the resident is able to live on his or her own. For these types of reasons, it is understandable that in response to a question about housing preferences, AARP surveys of older persons continue to find that approximately 80% of older persons report that what they want is to "stay in their own homes and never move." This phenomena has been termed the preference to "age in place."Although most older persons move near their current communities, some seek retirement communities in places with warmer weather in the southwest, far west and the south.3. The Federal Government's Housing Programs for the ElderlyThe federal government has had two basic housing strategies to address housing problems of the elderly. One strategy, termed the "supply side" approach, seeks to build new housing complexes such as public housing and Section 202 housing for older persons. Public housing is administered by quasi-governmental local public housing authorities. Section 202 Housing for the elderly and disabled is sponsored by non-profit organizations including religious and non-sectarian organizations. Approximately 1.5 million olderpersons or 3% of the elderly population live in federally assisted housing, with about 387,000 living in Section 202 housing. Over time, the government has shifted away from such new construction programs because of the cost of such housing, the problems that a number of non-elderly housing programs have experienced, and a philosophy that the government should no longer be directly involved with the building of housing. Section 202 housing, a very popular and successful program, is one of the few supply-side programs funded by the federal government, although the budget allocation during the last ten years has allowed for the construction of only about 6,000 units per year compared to a high of almost 20,000 units in the late 1970s. Instead of funding new construction, federal housing initiatives over the last decade have emphasized ‘demand side’ subsidies that provide low-income renters with a certificate or a voucher that they can use in a variety of multiunit settings, including apartments in the private sector that meet rental and condition guidelines. These vouchers and certificates are aimed at reducing excessive housing costs. Some certificates are termed ‘project based’ subsidies and are tied to federally subsidized housing such as Section 202. Because housing programs are not an entitlement, however, supply-side and demand side programs together are only able to meet the needs of about 1/3 of elderly renters who qualify on the basis of income.While advocates for housing have been trying to hold on to the existing programs in the face of huge budget cuts at HUD, much of the attention has been shifting towards meeting the shelter and service needs of the frail elderly. This emphasis reflects the increasing number of older persons in their eightiesand nineties who need a physically supportive environment linked with services. This group of older persons includes a high percentage of older residents of public and Section 202 housing. Initially built for independent older persons who were initially in the late sixties and early seventies, this type of housing now includes older persons in their eighties and nineties, many of whom have aged in place. Consequently, the government is faced with creating strategies to bring services into these buildings and retrofit them to better suit the needs of frail older persons. A major initiative of the early 1990s, which may be stalled by current budget problems at HUD, has been for the federal government to pay for service coordinators to assess the needs of residents of government assisted housing complexes and link them with services. As of 1998, there were approximately 1,000 service coordinators attached to government assisted housing complexes across the country.4. The Housing Continuum: A Range of Options for ElderlyA long-standing assumption in the field of housing has been that as persons become more frail, they will have to move along a housing continuum from one setting to another. As the figure on housing options suggests, along this continuum are found a range of housing options including single family homes, apartments, congregate living, assisted living, and board and care homes (Kendig & Pynoos, 1996). The end point of the housing continuum has been thenursing home. These options vary considerably in terms of their availability, affordability, and ability to meet the needs of very frail older persons.The concept of a continuum of supportive care is based on the assumption that housing options can be differentiated by the amount and types of services offered; the supportiveness of the physical setting in terms of accessibility, features, and design; and the competency level of the persons to whom the housing is targeted. The figure on housing options indicates how such options generally meet the needs of older persons who are categorized,as independent, semi-dependent and dependent. Semi-dependent older persons can be thought of as needing some assistance from other persons with instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) such as cooking, cleaning, and shopping. In addition to needing assistance with some IADLs, dependent older persons may require assistance with more basic activities such as toileting, eating and bathing. Although semi-dependent and dependent older persons can be found throughout the housing continuum, independent older persons are very unlikely to reside in housing types such as assisted living specifically designed and equipped to meet the needs of frail older persons unless their spouses require these needs.Although the continuum of housing identifies a range of housing types, there is increasing recognition that frail older persons do not necessarily have to move from one setting to another if they need assistance. Semi-dependent or dependent older persons can live in a variety of settings, including their own homes and apartments, if the physical environment is made more supportive, caregivers are available to provide assistance and affordable services areaccessible.5. ConclusionsHousing plays a critical role in the lives of older persons. Most older homeowners who function independently express a high level of satisfaction with their dwelling units. However, high housing costs, especially for renters, remain a financial burden for many older persons and problems associated with housing condition persist especially for low- income renters and persons living in rural areas. Federal housing programs such as public housing, Section 202 housing, and Section 8 housing certificates have only been able to address the basic housing problems of only about one-third of eligible older persons because of limited budgets. Moreover, a shortage of viable residential options exists for frail older persons. Up until the last decade, housing for the elderly was conceived of primarily as shelter. It has become increasingly recognized that frail older persons who needed services and physically supportive features often had to move from their homes or apartments to settings such as board and care or nursing homes to receive assistance. Over time, however, the concept of a variety of housing types that can be linked has replaced the original idea of the continuum of housing. It is possible for frail older persons to live in a variety of existing residential settings, including their own homes and apartments with the addition of services and home modifications. Consequently, the last decade has seen a number of efforts to modify homes, add service coordinators to multi-unit housing and create options such as accessory and ECHO units. Although thesestrategies have been enhanced by a somewhat greater availability of home care services, Medicaid policy still provides incentives to house frail older persons in nursing homes. The most visible development in the field of housing for frail older persons has been the growth of private sector assisted living which is now viewed by many state governments as a residential alternative to nursing homes. The AL movement itself has raised a number of regulatory and financing issues that cross-cut housing and long term care such as what constitutes a residential environment, insuring that residents can age in place, accommodating resident preferences, protecting the rights of individuals and insuring quality of care. Nevertheless, the emergence of AL along with a wider range of other housing options holds out the promise that older persons will have a larger range of choices among living arrangements.译文：老年人的住宅问题与选择一、简介住宅在老年人生活的极为重要。
室内设计 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 自然 简约—对室内设计现象
室内设计外文翻译外文文献英文文献自然简约—对室内设计现象附件 2:外文原文 Natural simplicity - on interior design AnalysisAbstract: The natural simple interior design show is a way of life it allows us closer tonature more emphasis on functionality more concerned about life itself. create apoetic space.Keywords: minimalism space grade interior design feeling Ancient times Chinese wooden framework architecture of ancient India theOrient Europe building caves in ancient Greece ancient Rome and so on decorativestone buildingclosely integrated with the components with the main buildinghowever. dissolved into Europe in the early seventeenth century Baroque times andthe mid-eighteenth century the Rococo era began with the interior decoration of themain building separated from the main building external and internal fitting-outperiod in the use of the mismatch thus leading to the main building and interiordecoration of the separation in the construction of the French court architecture andaristocratic mansion the new occupation quotdecorative artisanquot was born the buildingsinternal frequency continuous modification fixed the main building the replacementbuilding quotclothingquot the time has come. Baroque-style architecture of the interiordesign one anti-Renaissance solemn subtle balanced tend to exaggerate. luxury inchurches and palaces in the architecture sculpture painting into a whole the pursuitof momentum with the ups and downs but an attempt to cause the illusion.Rococointerior architecture is the palace of nobility in order to be intimate and comfortableelegant interior and the pursuit of a more intimate interior decorative effect. with thinlightweight beautiful and complex decorative hi-shaped with C-shaped or S-shapedcurve of the vortex and soft pastel colors with flowers and birds many shells as atheme and the court order to meet the requirements of the exotic much used ininterior decoration. Chinese-style Baroque and Rococo-style hand-made decorationreached perfection referred to as quotinterior decorationquot. modern representatives of thegreat development of the industrial revolution there has been a new type of concretebuilding its interior decoration not only from the main building from the Mediumand developed into the main building and not attached to the sole part of the relativeseparation. Sports camp solved simply decorative building components with acombination of the main contradictions in modernist design become a pioneer in theBauhaus school of thought. decision to emphasize the functional form consider thespace of the building are the protagonist advocate discarding false surface decorationall around the architecture reasonable space requirements Services. excludedecoration emphasis on the use of functions and simplified shapes. Advocate the design of the natural style of natural space aesthetic promoted theidea that quotnatural beautyquot to the performance of relaxed comfortable natural pastorallife and is often the use of natural wood stone rattan bamboo and other materialsrustic texture. clever in interior settings greening create a natural simple fresh andelegant atmosphere. onlyupholds nature combined with the natural order in todayshigh-tech high-paced social life so that people can achieve physical andpsychological balance. Simple does not mean easy it is an attitude towards life. when we are in modernlife to bear too much pressure we began to look for the feeling of freedom gracefulposture and extraordinary taste. we need to tend to a peaceful state of mind impetuousSo we call for simplicity. from the building space to the general living space fromdesigners to the ordinary citizen vocational naturally simple style - interior design hasbecome very popular direction. The spirit of simplicity is mainly derived from the origin to the early twentiethcentury Western Modernism. Britain and France JOHNPawson twoClaudioSilverstein interior designersin the mid 80s to lead the trend ofminimalismdesign. Europe and the United States at the time of economic downturn the ArtGallery bosses began to display works of art space to find a way out some reportedcosts factory floor layout easy to become art exhibition hall the purpose of funding isbased on at least make the best display space while the results of doing so is tosimplify the space not decoration superfluous things in fact this also reflects theemergence of a new aesthetic design. from home into the design of art galleries theexhibition space with works of art showing the characteristics of the same type ofaesthetic simplicity. art at this time it started with the interior coincide with the designand gradually began to slip to the present minimalism became the style of interiordesign and pursue careers. Return to nature of minimalism arehuman-specific labor. its purpose is toconcise form of expression to meet the peoples space environment the kind ofinstinctive emotional and rational needs. In a sense the prevalence of minimalism aretheinevitable trend of human development. Natural simple interior design to create a poetic space. We know that the quotpoemquotThe Art of the characteristics is to use very simple vocabulary according to certainrules of composition form a quotpoemquot of such a language its between the lines containsa great deal of space a static implicit in the design space. peoples ideological feelingslife longing for injectioninto the environment through the quotmoodquot to reproduce thethree-dimensional space in reality it means its habitat then forgotten by his bodywhich is a spiritual experience beyond the physical experience quotmoodquot of creation itis by creating an atmosphere to achieve a certain spiritual significance embodied thequotaffinityquot.In fact the interior design is minimalism such a quotpoeticquot to create a spacewith minimalist objects. have to imagine the use of display space this space isactually a vice-space has generated various combinations of furniture deputy spaceit often gives a visual quotemptyquot feeling while quotemptyquot like poetry generated by thequotmoodquot a great mobilization of the person in which emotions ability to inspirepeople association. Simple interior design aesthetic to emphasize the form. If Say thegeneral design of the interior furniture such as sofas tables and other items referredto as the main object then minimalism interior design is there is no such distinction.Minimalism in interior designconsider any part of space will share the sameimportant role including the walls ground and so on top of all the objects in space.coordination portfolio has a strong aesthetic form which is mainly embodied in pointLine surface the three elements of the performance space. China for thousands ofculture how much precipitation Heng Bank works especially the Han Chinese arebuilding a more beautiful set of Aura essence to quotsimple solid precise elegantquot as theprinciples unique to Oriental aesthetic ideas independent and vigorous temperamentconcise vaguedistant charm of simplicity the world should ring. it has also affectedthe international building design concepts but also affect the interior designaesthetic.Design is able to express the language aslittle as possible as muchinformation as possible depends on its design will be many manifestations of thecombined elements of science in which the choice and use of color plays a verycrucial role. We know colors are different wavelengths Light reflection and absorptionof the result of the spread of light faster than the spread of graphic language fasterwhich makes it the first time people feel so the first sense of space is the color anddifferent colors can cause different and feelings of psychological reflect. Naturalsimple interior design black and white and color materials are representative of itscolor is often used in color these colors were not inclined to think most are the colorsof the visual interference of the smallest personInterior design at the same time alsoemphasized the use of light often through access tonatural light source such asskylights which create a pastel color spaceof one whole plays a very important rolebut also embodies the minimalism advocated by the simple but not simple Style. The performance of every means to live for the purpose of for each partialemphasized its functionality and comfort In fact such a full expression of functionaldesign embodies the basic aesthetic principle is also very easy to understand anydesign Service is based on man-made object person in the consumer design are themost important consumer of its practical function so when we see a seemingly hardseat do not immediately judge it is bound to bring you the feeling of cold go get themoment perhaps it is that it backs the arc Road inadvertently bring you down just toexperience the benefits of comfort. It should be said that natural simple interior design show is a way of life itallows us closer to nature more emphasis on functionality more concerned about lifeitself. Concise understanding of the person to person because of peoples ageknowledge quality of life different backgrounds and the taste will be differentrequirements. social development the progress of the times new thinking newstructure the emergence of new materials will have to adapt to this new concept ofdecoration new forms new space. decorative simplicity of this modern form ofexpression has depth affect thebuilding products industrial products in many fieldssuch as Living Products. several pipe a timber a reactor cloth can make differentforms of modern furniture. it has quietly let peoples way of life and ideas have been aqualitative change. think concise design style is bound to outshine others to becomepeoples lives the pursuit of 21st centuryfashion. A concise form of expression to meet the peoples space environment the kind ofinstinctive emotional and rational needs this is also the international communitytoday. popular design style and modern fast-paced high-frequency full load has nopeople to Reusable point increase in the acceptance of people in this increasinglybusy life a desire to be able to completely relax simple and pure spirit to regulate theconversion of space which is dominated in the complementary sense arising fromtrying to shake off cumbersome complicated easy and natural to pursue thepsychological. hostels in Indonesia Bali Series design inspired by Balis folk stylebut in space architecture and dynamic line arrangements are designed to extend thespirit of simplicity performance in the Materials the emergence of the local naturaloriginal timber straw and stone designers of these natural elements of folk withaccurate and concise detail to deal with in order to strengthen the theme will also bepart of decorative simplistic presented by the space can be said modern Balinesestyle. Taking a panoramic view of the worldsarchitectural design whether they areGerman Master Mies van der Rohe or the United States Richard Meyer TadaoAndo of Japan Chinese-American IM Pei they are the most pure form with a veryordinary materials use of the most concise way showing great depth of meaning andnoble qualities space a piece of their work is full of spirituality has infinite vitalityand their design idea in todays era of shock also led the development trend of thetimes.附件 1:外文资料翻译译文自然简约—对室内设计现象分析摘要: 自然简约的室内设计展现的是一种生活方式它让我们更接近自然更强调功能更关注生活本身营造的是一种诗意的空间关键词: 简约空间品位室内设计感觉远古时期中国的木构架建筑东方古印度的石窟建筑欧洲古希腊古罗马的石砌建筑等等装饰与构件紧密结合与建筑主体溶为一体然而十七世纪初欧洲巴洛克时代和十八世纪中叶的洛可可时代开始了室内装饰与建筑主体的分离外部的建筑主体与内部的装修在使用年限上不匹配因而导致建筑主体与室内装饰的分离在营造法国宫廷建筑和贵族宅邸时新的职业“装饰工匠”诞生了对建筑物的内部频繁不断地进行改装不动建筑主体更换建筑“服装”的时期已经到来巴洛克式建筑的室内设计一反文艺复兴时期的严肃含蓄平衡倾向于豪华浮夸在教堂及宫殿中把建筑雕塑绘画结合成一个整体追求动势与起伏企图造成幻象而洛可可式建筑室内则是皇宫贵族为了得到舒适的私密的室内而追求优雅的更为亲切的室内装饰效果具有纤细轻巧华丽和繁琐的装饰性喜用 C 形S 形或漩涡形的曲线和轻淡柔和的色彩多以花鸟贝壳为题材并为适应宫廷的异国情趣要求在室内采用了许多中国式装饰巴洛克和洛可可式的手工制作达到了装饰的极致被称为“室内装饰”的代表近代工业革命的大发展出现了新型的混凝土建筑它不仅使室内装饰从建筑主体中脱离而且发展成为不依附于建筑主体而相对独力的部分分离派运动解开了单纯装饰部件与建筑主体相结合的矛盾成为现代主义设计的先驱包豪斯学派强调功能决定形式认为空间是建筑的主角提倡抛弃表面虚假的装饰一切围绕着架构合理的空间服务要求排除装饰强调使用功能以及造型的简单化自然风格倡导设计自然空间美学上推崇“自然美” 力求表现悠闲舒畅自然的田园生活情趣也常运用天然木石藤竹等材质质朴的纹理巧于设置室内绿化创造自然简朴清新淡雅的氛围只有崇尚自然结合自然才能在当今高科技高节奏的社会生活中使人们能取得生理和心理的平衡简约不等于简单它是一种生活态度当我们在现代生活中承受太多的压力我们开始渴望拥有自由的感觉优雅的姿态和不凡的品位我们需要让浮躁的心境趋向平和于是我们呼唤简约从大的建筑空间到普通的居住空间从职业设计师到普通公民自然简约风格——开始成为室内设计界非常流行的方向简约的精神起源主要源自于二十世纪初期的西方现代主义英国JOHNPawson与法国的 ClaudioSilverstein 两位室内设计师在 80 年代中期引领了简约主义的设计潮流当时欧美的经济不景气艺廊老板们开始在艺术品的展示空间上找出路一些报费的工厂车间简单布置成为艺术展厅目的是以最少的经费作出最好的展示空间而这么做的结果就是简化空间不装饰多余的东西实际上这也反映了一种新审美的出现从设计居家引入到艺廊的设计使得展示空间与艺术品呈现出同一种美学特征简约艺术也就在这个时候开始与室内设计相吻合并逐渐开始流行起来到现在简约主义成了室内设计追崇的风格回归自然的简约主义是人类特有的劳动成果其目的是以简洁的表现形式来满足人们对空间环境那种感性的本能的和理性的需求从某种意义上说简约主义的盛行是人类发展的必然趋势自然简约的室内设计营造的是一种诗意的空间我们知道“诗”的艺术特点就是用极其简洁的语汇按照一定的规则组合形成“诗”这样一种语言其字里行间包含了极大的空间一种隐含的静态的空间在设计中把人的思想情感人生的向往注入到环境中去通过“意境”将其立体空间地再现于现实中使人入其境则忘乎其身这是一种超乎物质感受的精神感受“意境”的创造正是通过气氛的营造来达到体现某种精神意义上的“亲和力”实际上简约主义室内设计就是这样一种“诗意”空间的营造用极简的物体摆设产生想象使用空间这个空间实际上是一种副空间有各个家具组合产生的副空间它往往给人视觉上“空”的感觉而“空”犹如诗所产生的“意境”极大调动着身处其中的人的情绪激发人的联想能力简约室内设计强调形式美感如果说一般的室内设计把家具诸如沙发桌子等物品称为主体物的话那么简约主义室内设计是不存在这样的区分的简约主义室内设计认为处在空间中的任何部分都分担着同样重要的作用包括墙面地面顶面等空间中所有物体的协调组合具有很强的形式美感这主要体现在点线面三个空间元素的表现上中国几千年的文化沉淀出多少恒世佳作特别是中国汉代建筑更是集精华美妙之灵气以“简单厚实精准雅致”为原则将东方特有的审美观念独立浑厚的气质凝练渺远的简约神韵响绝于世它至今还影响着国际建筑的设计理念也影响着室内设计的美感设计之所以能以尽量少的语言表达尽量多的信息有赖于其将诸多设计表现形式要素科学的融合在一起其中色彩的选择和使用起了十分关键的作用我们知道色彩是不同波长的光反射和吸收的结果光的传播速度比图形文字的传播速度快这使得它让人在第一时间感受到所以对空间最先感受到的就是色彩而不同色彩可以引起人们不同的心理反映和感受在自然简约的室内设计中黑色和白色以及材料的本色是它的代表色也是常常使用的颜色这些颜色被认为是最没有倾向的颜色对人的视觉干扰最小同时室内设计也强调对光的使用往往通过天窗等获取自然光源这对塑造一种轻淡整一的色彩空间起着相当重要的作用也体现了简约主义所宣扬的简洁但不简单的风格每一个表现手段都以居住为目的对每一个局部都强调其功能性和舒适性实际上这种对功能的充分表述体现了设计的基本美学原理也是很容易理解的任何设计都是以人为服务对象的人在消费设计的时候最主要是消费它的实用功能所以当我们看到一张看似坚硬的座椅不要马上判断它必然带给你冰冷的感觉坐上去的一刹那也许正是它背上的那道不经意的弧线带给你恰倒好处的舒适.。
烟箱拆盘机x-y平面设计外文翻译
High speed machining mold manufacturingHigh speed machining mold manufacturing as one of the most important advanced manufacturing technologies, high efficiency, high quality, low cost is set in one of the advanced manufacturing technology.In the conventional cutting process has been troubled by a series of problems, the application of high speed machining is solved.The cutting speed, feed rate compared to conventional machining, in the series of cutting mechanism, also produced fundamental pared with traditional machining, high speed machining to produce substaintial sex leap, its unit power metal removal rate was increased from 30% to 40%, the cutting force is reduced by 30%, cutting tool is improved by 70%, stay on the workpiece cutting heat is reduced greatly, the low order cutting vibration almost disappeared.With the increase of the cutting speed, time unit of blank material removal rate was increased, the cutting time is reduced, the processing efficiency is improved, thus shortening the production cycle, improve the market competitiveness of the product.At the same time, high speed machining of small fast cutting force decreases, cutting speed excluded, reduces the cutting force and heat stress and deformation, improves the rigidity and thinwalled part machining possibilities.As a result of cutting force decreases, the speed increases the cutting system working frequency away from the lower order natural frequency of machine tool, and the workpiece surface roughness is the most sensitive to low frequencies, thereby reducing the roughness of the surface.In the mold of high hardened steel parts (hrc45 ～ 65) in the process, using the high speed cutting processing and can replace the electric grinding and polishing process, avoids the electrode manufacture and timeconsuming processing time, greatly reduce the grinding and polishing of fitter.Some market more and more in need of thinwalled workpiece in high speed milling of mold, can be successfully completed.And in high speed milling of CNC die processing center, to be completed by the first clamping multistep processing.These advantages in capital circumgyrate requirements quickly, delivery time, competitive products emergency mold industry is very suitable.High speed machining system can meet the needs of high speed cutting is mainly composed of the high speed machining center, high performance cutting tool clamping system, high speed cutting tool, safe and reliable highspeed cutting cam software, therefore, speed of processing is essentially a large system engineering.As the cutting tool technology, highspeed processing can be applied to the processing of alloy steel (hrc>30), widely used in automotive products and electronic components of stamping die, injection mold parts processing.High speed machining definition depends on the processing of the workpiece material type.For example, highspeed processing of alloy steel with cutting speed is 500m/min, the velocity in the processing of aluminum alloy used for conventional down milling speed.Terminology of highspeed cutting (HSM) generally refers to the high speed and high feed milling surface.For example, at a very high rate of metal removal, to the aluminum alloy for aircraft wing frame recess for cutting.In 60 years of in the past, the highspeed cutting has been widely used in metal and nonmetallic materials, including specific surface shape parts production and the hardness is higher than or equal to 50 HRC materials cutting.For the most part quenchingto about 3242 HRC steel parts, the current cutting options include: in soft (annealed) conditions materials roughing and semifinishing cutting reach the final hardness = 63 HRC requirements of the heat treatment mold parts processing and the electrode discharge machining (especially gold cutting tool to close a small radius deep recess) for carbide, metal ceramic, carbide, mixed ceramic or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tool for cylindrical / flat / concave surface finishing and superfinishing for many components, the production process involves a combination of these options, in the mold manufacturing case, it also includes time finishing.The results led to the production of the high cost and long time of preparation.In mold manufacturing industry of typical is the only production of one or several of the same product.Production process of products continue to change, because of these changes, the need for measuring and reverse design.The main criterion is the size of the die and the surface roughness of the quality level.If the processing quality level is low, can not meet the requirements, needs manual finishing.Hand finishing can produce satisfactory surface roughness, but the size and profile accuracy always produce bad influence.This mold manufacturing industry one of the main problem had been resolved, but there is still a need for reduction or exemption of manual polishing, thereby improving the quality, reduce production cost and shorten preparation time.High speed cutting development main economical and technical factors for the survival of the market increasingly fierce competition leads to the continuous setting new standards.On time and cost efficiency of the increasingly high demand.This forced new technology and production technology development.High speed cutting provides hope and solutions.New material is more difficult to machine material have been highlighted by the discovery of new cutting solution necessity.The aerospace industry is the heart of heatresistant alloy steel and stainless steel.The automotive industry has a different pair of metal materials, the small graphite cast iron (Compact Graphite Iron), and increased the amount of aluminum.Mold manufacturing industry must face cutting of hardened steel problems, from the rough to finishing.High speed machining on NC programming system of the increasingly high demand, expensive highspeed processing equipment for software put forward higher safety and efficacy requirements.High speed cutting than a traditional cutting specific process requirements, in addition to the high speed cutting machine tool and cutting tool in high speed machining, with the appropriate CAM programming software is essential.NC NC instruction contains all of the process, a good high speed machining programming CAM system should have high calculation speed, strong interpolation function, full automatic inspection and handling capacity of over cutting, automatic tool holder and clamp interference checking, feed rate optimization processing function, machining trajectory monitoring function, tool track edit optimization function and processing residual analysis function.High speed cutting programming first note processing methods of safety and efficacy; secondly, to do everything possible to ensure the smooth smooth tool path, it will directly affect the machining quality and spindle component life; finally, we should try to keep the tool load evenly, it will directly influence the service life of the cutter.The practical advantages of highspeed cuttingThe tool and workpieceCan maintain low temperature, which in many cases extend tool life.On the other hand, in the high speed cutting application, cutting quantity is shallow, the cutting edge of the cutting time is very short.That is to say, the feed heat transmission time.Low cutting force is small and consistent tool bending.This and every tool and process required constant machining allowance of thecombination, is highly efficient and safe processing is one of the prerequisites for.Due to the high speed cutting in typical cutting depth is shallow, the tool and spindle radial force on the low.This reduces the spindle bearing, guide and ball screw wear.High speed cutting and axial milling is also good combinations of spindle bearings, small impact, using this method can use the extended longer tool and vibration of the risk of not.The high productivity of small size parts cutting, such as roughing, semifinishing and finishing, in the total material removal rate is relatively low with good economy.High speed cutting of the general processing of high productivity, can obtain good surface quality.Surface quality and often less than Ra 0.2µ; M.High speed cuttingThe thin cutting parts become possible.The use of high speed cutting, cutting time is short, the impact and bending decreases.Mold geometric accuracy, assembly is easier and faster.No matter what the people, skills, can obtain the CAM/CNC production of surface texture and geometric accuracy.If the flower in the cutting at the time a bit more, timeconsuming manual polishing work can significantly reduce.Can often be reduced to 60100%.Some processing, such as quenching, electrochemical machining and electrical discharge machining (EDM), can greatly reduce the.It can reduce investment cost and simplify the logistics supply.Cutting instead of electrical discharge machining (EDM), the service life of the die and the quality is improved.High speed cutting, through CAD/CAM soon to change the design, especially in is not required for the production of new electrode case.Because of the start process for high acceleration and deceleration and stop, guide, ball screw and spindle bearing produces relatively fast wear.This often leads to high cost of maintenance.The need for specialized technical knowledge, a programming device and fast data transmission interface.It may be hard to find and the selection of senior technical staff.There is considerable debugging and fault time.Processing without the need of an emergency stop, leading to human error and software or hardware failure will have many serious consequences.Must have good processing plan "machine tools to provide food to the hungry".Must have the safety protection measures: use with safety cover and preventing the debris cap machine.Avoid tool large overhang.Do not use "heavy" tool and connecting rod.Regular inspection tool, a connecting rod and a bolt for fatigue e only the marked maximum spindle speed tool.Do not use the whole highspeed steel (HSS) tool!高速切削加工作为模具制造中最为重要的一项先进制造技术，是集高效、优 质、低耗于一身的先进制造技术。
平面设计方法外文翻译
中文5490字，2800单词，14800英文字符英文原文：Graphic Design SolutionsRobin LandaCH04Creativity and the Graphic Design ProcessA SUCCESSFUL GRAPHIC DESIGN SOLUTION IS, AS THE ADAGE GOES, A RESULT OF PERSPIRATION AND INSPIRATION, REQUIRING FOCUS, CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING, AND RIGOR. OF ALL THE PROFICIENCIES NECESSARY TO BE A RESPECTABLE GRAPHIC DESIGNER, CREATIVITY IS THE MOST ELUSIVE. ONE CAN WELL LEARN HOW TO PROBLEM SOLVE AND COMPOSE YET STILL PRODUCE PERFUNCTORY SOLUTIONS. BEFORE YOU EMBARK ON SOLVING DESIGN ASSIGNMENTS, ENHANCING YOUR CREATIVITY WILL ENHANCE EVERYTHING YOU DO—FROM GRAPHIC DESIGN TO HOW YOU LIVE YOUR LIFE.CREATIVE THINKINGCreative thinking is the ability to stretch beyond the ordinary, to be original, innovative, and flexible in one‘s thinki ng. For example, creating a mnemonic device (a memory aid) is one way to think creatively, connecting unrelated things with a single visual in a design context. For , a new online community of musicians and music fans, Visual Dialogue determined they needed a strong logo to serve as a mnemonic device for what they were about (Figure 4-01).Other aspects of creative thinking are:› associative thinking (recognizing commonalities, common attributes)›metaphorical thinking (identifying similarities between seemingly unrelated things)›elaboration and modification (working out details and being able to propose alterations)›imaginative thinking (forming images in one‘s mind and imagining the unlikely CHARACTERISTICS OF CREATIVE THINKERSCertain characteristics are markers of creative thinking:› Courage: Fear quashes creative risk taking and supports playing it safe. Courage coupled with intellectual curiosity fuels creativity。
色彩在平面设计中的运用相关中英对照外文文献翻译毕业设计论文高质量人工翻译原文带出处
Fashion,which is as old as time and as new as tomorrow,is one of the most powerful forces in our lives .It influences what we wear,the way we talk,the foods we eat,the way we live,how and where we travel,what we travel,what we look at,and what we listen to.Fashion is what lead us todiscard a product that is still useful but is no Ion ger —n lilt is also what makes us sometimes wear more clothes than we may actually need,and sometimes less than is needed to product us from the ccold or the suni流行是这样一种事物，是我们抛弃了还可以使用，但不再时髦的产品。
有时候使我们穿比我们真正穿的衣服多，有时候比我们穿抵御严寒酷暑的少。
lf there is one absolute constant pertaining to fashion,it is the fact that it is always changing-sometimes rapidly,sometimes slowly,but it is never static or dormantiThis element of change is recognized in the definitions of fashion itself cited earlier,by the use of such words as -prevailing Ibr -a given period of time. To ignore the element of change is like looking at a still photograph in place of a motion pictureiThe still tells you what is happening here and now ;the motion picture shows you what came before and what may lie ahead.如果存在着一种符合流行的绝对永恒，那就是流行是永远变化着的这一事实，（这种变化）时快时慢，但绝不会固定下来或呈休止状态。
新媒体时代动态化平面设计外文文献翻译资料
新媒体时代动态化平面设计外文文献翻译资料The development of new media technology。
particularly the widespread use of mobile devices and XXX。
has nized the way people receive n。
This has led to significant changes in the media landscape。
and has given rise to a rich medium for graphic design。
With the availability of computers。
graphic design has evolved from being a common paper-based product to a popular digital medium。
As a result。
modern technology has transformed the XXX design into a dynamic and interactive performance。
In the new media platform。
dynamic graphic design has the potential to convey a much larger amount of n than its static form。
XXX ofthe works.Keywords: graphic design。
new media。
dynamicBodyThe Impact of New Media on Graphic DesignThe emergence of new media has had a profound impact onthe field of graphic design。
室内设计外文翻译外文文献室内设计风格
Interior design stylesMary v .knackstedt shanghai 2004Abstract:Architectural style derived from a variety of interior design style, according to designers and owners of the different aesthetic and loving, and turned into a variety body.Although the hybrid design style eclectic, using a variety of style, but the desig still Originality, in-depth scrutiny shape, color, material and so the overall composition and visual effects.Key words:Style Classical Simple ExquisiteArticle:HOW DO YOU CHOOSE AN interior design style that suits you and your home?You can draw inspiration from numerous styles but try to keep to a similar theme so your interior is coordinated.Modern retro interior design incoprates bright colours and bold patternsThe best place to start is by looking at styles that appeal to you, which suit yo budget and lifestyle. You will soon work out what you like and what you don’t. Afte looking through a few of these you will begin to understand the design process, alon with the wide variety of materials and styles available.Don’t be afraid to experiment with different colours and materials; and decorate the room in a style that suits its purpose. There’s nothing better than a room floo with sunlight so take full advantage of all the natural light in each room.Interior design style and genre, an indoor environment in the spirit of the art modeling and functional areas. Interior design style and genre and construction is often the furniture as well as in close connection with the style and genre; sometim to the corresponding period of the painting, plastic arts, and even literature, musi in close connection with the style and genre; sometimes to the corresponding period of the painting, plastic arts, and even literary, musical style and genre, such as t origin and mutual influence. For example, in architecture and interior design of the"post-modernism" and the meaning of the word, and "camp style" is the distinctive characteristics of a plastic arts schools. Can be seen that the construction addition interior design and material art materials, engineering and technology beyond the characteristics of close contact, and also literature, music and painting, sculpture other categories of communication between the arts.The formation of interior design styles, different ideas and characteristics of th times, by creative ideas and performance, and gradually developed into a representative form of interior design. The form of a typical style, usually in the humanities and local factors and is closely related to natural conditions and the nee for creativity in design and modeling characteristics. The formation of external and internal style factors.Although the performance in the form of style, but the style of art, culture, soci development, such as profound connotation; from this deeper meaning, the style does not stop or equivalent form. A style or genre, once formed, it can turn a positive or negative impact on culture, arts and many social factors can not be limited to as a form of performance and visual experience.The style of interior design features in the embodiment of art and creative personality at the same time, relatively speaking, to that style across a longer time will include wide geographical. Interior design style can be divided into: Traditiona style, modern style, post-modern style, natural style, as well as hybrid style.Architectural style derived from a variety of interior design style, according to designers and owners of the different aesthetic and loving, and turned into a variety body. Here, to brief Members on the present 10 kinds of the more common style of interior design.Classical Style (luxurious rich)The rise in the age of just decoration, decoration of most of the pursuit of prosperity is more luxurious style. Especially in the early 20th century, interior decoration to show off their status is often a special form. Owners will be asked to design a variety of embedded symbolic luxury decoration, such as painting the glassceiling, fireplaces, decorative panels, decorative wood and so on, but basically simi to the Baroque style combined with the material there The main decorative way. Simple style (arbitrary)The 20th century, in some areas a Home heat. Due to technical and material constraints, the time has not yet the true sense of the Home Designer for guidance, s casual is the best portrayal of that time. Owners have begun the pursuit of a clean a bright indoor effect. Today, this style is still the most first-time home buyers are first choice for the decoration.Exquisite style (noble solemn)After nearly 10 years of exploration, with the improvement of living standards of residents, opening to the outside world increased, people began to yearn for and the pursuit of high-quality life. From about the mid-20th century, there is the decoratio of the decorative use of sophisticated materials and furniture, especially at this ti the designer of the domestic into the ranks of Home Design, which has brought a new concept of decoration.Natural style (art)The beginning of the 20th century decorative boom has brought many people tothe concept of decoration. A large number of emerging market, Taiwan, Hong Kong journal of decorative eye-opener for people, before we dare to imagine such a small garden, culture, decorative stone walls and decorative stone such as tactics have appeared in the reality of the design. In particular, we used to see red elm caused b large-scale use of "national renovation a yellow" after the phenomenon of the decoration, close to nature has become a people one of the objectives pursued. Natura style of advocacy, "return to nature," highly aesthetic nature, combined with the natural order in today's high-tech, high-paced social life, so that people can achiev the balance of physical and psychological, so indoor use of wood, fabric, stone and other natural materials shows that the material texture, fresh and elegant. In additi because of their similar aims and practices, which may be classified as a natural sty of garden-style category. Pastoral style sought in indoor environment performance of leisurely, comfortable, natural life of the countryside, and is often the use of natuwood, stone, rattan, bamboo and other materials simple texture. Coincidentally in the green room settings, creating a natural, simple, elegant atmosphere.Light style (bold Dafang)The mid-20th century, home design ideas have been a lot of liberation, people began to pursue a wide range of design, including modernism, postmodernism, suchas the design of a series of more comprehensive system formed in the interior design. Turning to the decoration of people, these "isms" frequently appear in the mouth. Thi style basically cherry wood finishes as a major.Soft style (smooth independent)In the last century, the beginning of this century, a kind of smooth pursuit in th club like a little luxury design all kinds of real estate properties in the model roo the office appeared, and then appear in a large number of home decoration in general. This style of art is a relatively simple compared to emphasize the content and yet decorative forms, and gradually formed a black walnut wood decorative panels for the main style. Among them, the simplicity and minimalism the beginning of the surface. Style (quiet gentle)This is not in the last century, the beginning of this century as a design style, basically a wallpaper based on the surface as the main decoration material, combined with the woodworking practices Mixing this style emphasized the harmony of proportion and color. People will be the last part of a wall and the ceiling the same color, and the wall with the use of a light texture of the wallpaper. The whole style it is elegant and quiet, with no trace of the impetuous.City style (independent personality)The 21st century, the housing reform, and many young first-time home buyerswho appear to have this style impetus. Young people have just bought a house, many of them cos I'm always skint, but this time the real estate and are essentially rough Housing (a non-basic style of decoration), and these young people are forced to carry out the renovation of the revolution . Limited by its financial resources, people are starting to come through a variety of forms has been stressed that "decoration" of perception, in which large-scale use of bright colors is a typical example. It will bhome in the large-scale use of a variety of colors, sometimes even in the same space, the use of three or more than three colors.Fresh style (freehand pastel)This is a simple and derived under the influence with a "petty bourgeoisie" flavor of the interior design style. Particularly as many of the emergence of single people, the petty bourgeoisie in the style of a great deal of variety in the decoration of th apartment. As many times, they do not, such as the residents like the elderly and the children of members, so do not consider the decoration of many of the functions of纱帘buoyant withthe problem. They are often stressed and dull of an arbitrary. Whitea soft fabric of the sofa, and then stacked with a variety of colors of the pillow pi form a full atmosphere of the interior space lazily.Chinese style (retro)With the emergence of large number of modernist doctrine, the rise of the domestic and a retro style, it is the revival of Chinese-style decoration. Chinese painting, calligraphy and the Ming and Qing furniture constitute the most important elements of Chinese design. However, these expensive retro furniture has become a major obstacle to the lovers.Hybrid styleIn recent years, the architectural design and interior design in general has diversified, inclusive of the situation. Indoor layout also tends to have a modern an practical, but also learn the characteristics of traditional, in the decoration and furnishings in the ancient and modern China and the West melting into one, such as traditional screens, and table setting, with modern style decoration of the walls, windows and doors, a new type of sofa; European classical glass lamps and wall decoration, with the traditional oriental furniture and furnishings in Egypt, and so short. Although the hybrid design style eclectic, using a variety of style, but the design is still Originality, in-depth scrutiny shape, color, material and so the over composition and visual effects.室内设计风格杰里米•迈尔森 上海2004摘要：从建筑风格衍生出多种室内设计风格，根据设计师和业主审美和爱好的不同，又有各种不同的幻化体。
平面设计文献
平面设计文献平面设计是一门非常重要的艺术和商业领域，它通过使用图像、颜色、文字等元素来传达信息和情感，同时还需要考虑到排版、布局、结构等因素。
在这篇文章中，我们将介绍一些关于平面设计的文献，包括书籍、杂志和学术论文等。
书籍1.《平面设计原理》（The Principles of Beautiful Web Design）- Jason Beaird这本书是一本非常适合初学者的平面设计指南，它介绍了一些基本的平面设计原则，并通过实例来说明如何应用这些原则来创建美观的设计。
2.《设计的语言》（The Language of Graphic Design）- Richard Poulin这本书介绍了平面设计中的一些基本概念和术语，并通过实例来说明如何应用这些概念和术语来创作出优秀的设计作品。
3.《平面设计的基础》（Graphic Design Basics）- Amy E. Arntson这本书是一本非常全面的平面设计教程，它介绍了平面设计的历史、原则、技术和工具等方面，非常适合想要全面学习平面设计的人。
杂志1.《视觉中国》这是一本中国的平面设计杂志，它每期都会介绍一些优秀的平面设计作品和设计师，同时还会分享一些平面设计的趋势和技术。
2.《COMMUNICATION ARTS》这是一本国际知名的平面设计杂志，它每期都会介绍一些优秀的平面设计作品和设计师，并且还会邀请一些知名的平面设计师来分享他们的经验和见解。
学术论文1.《基于用户体验的平面设计研究》- 邱虹这是一篇关于平面设计与用户体验的研究论文，它探讨了平面设计在提高用户体验方面的作用，并提出了一些具体的设计策略和方法。
2.《平面设计中的色彩运用》- 王鹏这是一篇关于平面设计中色彩运用的研究论文，它介绍了色彩在平面设计中的重要性和作用，并提出了一些具体的色彩运用策略和方法。
3.《基于互联网的平面设计创新研究》- 张晓伟这是一篇关于互联网时代下平面设计创新的研究论文，它探讨了互联网对平面设计的影响和挑战，并提出了一些具体的创新策略和方法。
平面造型设计毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：平面造型设计文献、资料英文题目：GRAPHIC DESIGN文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14中英文对照资料外文翻译文献平设计任何时期平面设计可以参照一些艺术和专业学科侧重于视觉传达和介绍。
采用多种方式相结合，创造和符号，图像和语句创建一个代表性的想法和信息。
平面设计师可以使用印刷，视觉艺术和排版技术产生的最终结果。
平面设计常常提到的进程，其中沟通是创造和产品设计。
共同使用的平面设计包括杂志，广告，产品包装和网页设计。
例如，可能包括产品包装的标志或其他艺术作品，举办文字和纯粹的设计元素，如形状和颜色统一件。
组成的一个最重要的特点，尤其是平面设计在使用前现有材料或不同的元素。
平面设计涵盖了人类历史上诸多领域，在此漫长的历史和在相对最近爆炸视觉传达中的第20和21世纪，人们有时是模糊的区别和重叠的广告艺术，平面设计和美术。
毕竟，他们有着许多相同的内容，理论，原则，做法和语言，有时同样的客人或客户。
广告艺术的最终目标是出售的商品和服务。
在平面设计，“其实质是使以信息，形成以思想，言论和感觉的经验”。
在唐朝（618-906 ）之间的第4和第7世纪的木块被切断打印纺织品和后重现佛典。
阿藏印在868是已知最早的印刷书籍。
在19世纪后期欧洲，尤其是在英国，平面设计开始以独立的运动从美术中分离出来。
蒙德里安称为父亲的图形设计。
他是一个很好的艺术家，但是他在现代广告中利用现代电网系统在广告、印刷和网络布局网格。
于1849年，在大不列颠亨利科尔成为的主要力量之一在设计教育界，该国政府通告设计在杂志设计和制造的重要性。
他组织了大型的展览作为庆祝现代工业技术和维多利亚式的设计。
从1892年至1896年威廉•莫里斯凯尔姆斯科特出版社出版的书籍的一些最重要的平面设计产品和工艺美术运动，并提出了一个非常赚钱的商机就是出版伟大文本论的图书并以高价出售给富人。
室内设计外文翻译外文文献英文文献
Talking about the symbols in the environmentof the use of Art and DesignAbstract:The inheritance and innovation over the years the relationship between art and design environment has been the focus of attention. This article hopes for the design of symbols used to explore the culture, about the mysteries of inheritance and innovation of the trace of sentiment.Keywords:deformation grammar separatist symbols constituteInheritance and innovation over the years the relationship between art and design environment has been the focus of attention. In fact, from the linguistic point of view, this contradiction is the language of stability and variation between the contradiction. As a designer in the form of design successes and failures of the success or failure depends on the master, "the term" the rich and the use of "grammar" of proficiency. Designers to make their works by others can truly understand, we must choose the appropriate "word" and must comply with the "grammar." This does not mean that designers can only follow the beaten track, no personal contribution. Designers skillfully use the new individual symbols, or a conscious change in inter-symbol combination of a number of conventional relations, create new works of moving, which is design innovation.Composition has a "specific" component approach, that seems to be very plain in the composition of the sudden appearance of a "heterogeneous" elements, making the program itself is very plain to achieve unexpected results, with a sense of innovation of new symbols like this "heterogeneous." In people's accustomed to things difficult to arouse enough attention and interest in case, some common symbols deformation, splitting, or the preparation of the code to change the order, you can play a compelling, thought-provoking, the strengthening of environmental messaging language role.United States renowned architect Charles Moore designed the city of Orleans, "Italian Piazza" is bold in design elements taken from a variety of classical symbols, and symbolic means to reproduce them. The entire square to a circular plane Baroque for the composition to the gradual proliferation of black-and-white concentric circles and to the surrounding pavement surface to extend out until the three sides of the street entrance. Classical Roman column, after a face-lift to the face of new shows, such as the Corinthian column is used in stainless steel column, canopies wall carved with the Latin of "this fountain for the public to all the people who offer the gifts" of the message; Doric column on the Flowing Down gurgle, round coupon on the molar smiling portrait, water is constantly spit from his mouth ... here is not only full of bright rich atmosphere of a modern commercial, but also a strong attachment to localfeelings. Maps and Italian Apennine Peninsula, Sicily and Sardinia's plan; ancient Rome, the five-column, the deformation Motif combinations and the Arc de Triomphe; circular portico Wai Kwong Hop. In fact, you are immediately aware that it is a mockery of classical Marxism. This is a joyous, almost classical tradition are hysterical embrace pleased.Today, a variety of side box-style building was considered aloof in the historic and local above only has the technology and a small number of functional semantic semantics, there is no room for thinking aftertaste, the environment has led to apathy and boring criticism. This use of information theory to explain the principle that effective environmental information contained in the symbol system too. In view of this, post-modern architects Venturi loudly called for: "building a rich content, while building to include other aspects of the multi-dimensional art, even including the language, so that it is no longer a mere tool for the space." It advocates environmental complexity and contradictory nature of modernism promoted by substitute simplicity; to semantic ambiguity and tension in place of straightforward; to the multiplicity of semantic opposition to one or the other of opportunism; should be mixed at a glance rather than unity. Stern designed the "best" product showroom are a typical example, it adopted legislation faces many of the traditional symbols and constitute a form, like the ancient Greek pantheon of elevation, thus suggesting he was trying to convey theme purposive: that is, the building as a "temple of consumerism," the commercialization of society reflect the values of people and commercial activities of daily life today, the importance of. But the way metaphors are complex, multiple, without serious thought, it is difficult to understand immediately apparent from its real significance. This design works, for example, not only the depth of the box thinking is more than simply the pursuit like a sailing boat or a bird of prey such as the symbolism of a more intriguing, more philosophical.The environment as a symbolic phenomenon, in order to address the long-standing problem for the designers of the inheritance and innovation of the paradoxical problem of providing a effective way. Design language as the language of symbols, are rooted in past experience with the rapid development of the society is linked to the new features, new materials, new technology and calls on new ideas. On the one hand, as if it were so general language language changes slowly, on the other hand, with the rapid development of society. How to make the environment not only of historical continuity, but also to adapt to the new requirements of the times?With the advance of science and technology progress and frequent cultural exchanges, "vocabulary" and "grammar" in the developing trend of convergence, but a nation because of natural conditions, economic and technological, socio-cultural practices of the different environment Association has a number of unique symbols and arrangement. Spoken like the dialect, like the designers cleverly inject this kind of "accent" can enhance the environment for a sense of history and local flavor, andenhance the influence of language environment. Modern Japanese Architecture Master Kenzo Tange designed Kagawa hall is a "new form of the traditional semantic" model. Although the building are used by ordinary reinforced concrete frame structure, but the external form of treatment is the use of Lu Ming Chuan head, beam top traditional symbols, vertical horizontal partition is a natural association to the Japanese main tower of the layers of eaves. Layout has absorbed the advantages of the square tower of the traffic and public facilities on the planar core (similar to the tower Kaguta ventricle), so that they share the smallest Get all floors of the shortest route traffic. So as to show a structure with modern forms of technology to reflect the style of traditional local methods.United States artist Susan Lange once said, "is always a symbol to simplify the form of the performance of its meaning, that is exactly what we can grasp the reasons for it. Regardless of a work of art (or even all of the arts) is how the complexity of , profound and rich, it is easy than real life. Therefore, the art theory is undoubtedly the establishment of an effective hearts and minds in a vivid reality of the concept of such a great cause of the preamble is more. "symbolic activities have been included in the activities of some abstract no longer remain in the individual above the. Visual symbols are an art symbols, but also the performance of sexual symbols. Relative reasoning in terms of sexual symbols, visual symbols do not have their own system, and any visual symbols have a certain degree of cultural content, and only reflected in a certain degree of emotional structure, around a particular theme of organic combination. Educated Youth Hotel, Mao Jia Restaurant commercial building and so on, it also adopted the hats, corn on the cob, rough wooden tables and chairs, wells and so on, and even more in order to create an atmosphere of clothing are to be attendants, as well as the menu were also cleverly integrated into the Among them, these different geographical significance in rural areas typically rich in visual symbols to create an environment here is like an old album, recording a different person's experience, making the design become more cordial, but also worth pondering. Visual symbols, not only in symbolic form to create the visual association and, more importantly, it can evoke thoughts association, which have empathy, to achieve emotional resonance, thus building more meaningful.The rapid development of urban construction has brought rapid changes, but at the same time we also lost many will never be able to recover things - historical context. The history of the formation of the streets, alleys, arches, religious shrines and so on urban form as a complete expression of architecture and urban image of the symbol system, being into films, Shing Street, into a Square to be removed, threats to the urban form of the compatibility and continuity . Respect for historical tradition does not mean, rigidly traditional. Instead, consciously keep these traditions, will make the city more local flavor. In fact, "establishing a new" do not have to "old", the key lies in how to approach traditional and fashion to create a new symbiosis of oldand new urban form (symbols). "New World" project is located in Shanghai, Xingye Road Huangpi Road, a major site of the Chinese Communists of the surrounding area. "Venue" opposite the south block, design for the modern architecture is not high, which is dotted with some reservations the traditional architecture, and the "venue" in harmony. And "venue" where the north block, the neighborhood retained a large pattern, carefully preserved and repaired the building exterior facade Shikumen, detail and neighborhood-scale space, the building was made larger internal transformation in order to adapt to office, commercial, accommodation, catering and entertainment and other modern life. Have been built from the current part of view, received much praise, has a greater impact. It is said that sales and cost-effectiveness also very good. In fact, in Shanghai, the eastern and western culture shock metropolis, the traditional neighborhood lifestyle never die off, "New World" just give it a reasonable change and continuity, are left for us to think more and enlightenment.Famous philosopher Ernst Cassirer person think symbols are animals. All human spiritual and cultural activities are the product of symbols. The essence of that person in that he can use to create cultural symbols. Therefore, all cultural forms, is both a symbol of the reality of Events is also the person of the nature of the object. The so-called master culture, in the symbolic level at least, to be skilled to operate constitute the cultural symbols and cultural system rather than the symbol itself, the new experiences and insights woven into symbols go, in fact, symbols themselves are also changing, and the cultural heritage and the innovation of the mysteries of it exist in this variation of the. Confucius and Socrates are still human beings are eternal beacon, and the symbols of modern subjects in this study call for us from the back to Socrates. Will be simple and complex semantics, traditional and fashionable phrase structure, and applied to the design of modern art, thereby creating a personalized, Human Culture's new design symbols.Fiber art and interior designAbstract:Fiber art is a functional fiber art and aesthetic value in one art form. Fiber art is full of natural flavor to the material texture and flavor of the simple hand-woven to meet the emotional needs of a wide range of people, it and other types of interior decoration as compared to an irreplaceable advantages. Fiber art has been to infiltrate the building and environmental matters in all aspects of design, it is mainly the use of various materials and techniques to express the concept of modern design and modern life.Keywords:Fiber arts; not include the indoor environment; fiber artFiber Art collection of classical and modern, romantic and calm, industrial civilization and traditions in one hand, are an ancient and young arts. It is natural animal and plant fiber or synthetic fiber materials, with knitting, ring binding, winding, Stitch and other production means, the creation of planar, three-dimensional image of a form of art. Fiber arts, including traditional flat-style fabric, modern popular three-dimensional fabrics, daily arts and crafts, as well as space in modern architecture with the expression of a variety of fiber materials modeling language works.1. fiber texture art interior environmental design on the impact of material selection.The performance of fiber art are texture and texture to create items, which, whether in visual or tactile, the both have an unparalleled visual appeal. Fiber art of material selection is very extensive, almost all types of textile fibers may be applicable. The use of different materials through different processing or the use of different structures can produce different textures. Texture by the objects are unique color, luster, shape, texture, cold, thick, soft and hard and transparency and so on constitute a large number of attributes. Constitute the attributes of diverse, complex portfolio, will also change texture infinite. At the same time, textures are also belong to the common perception of visual and tactile qualities of materials, exterior materials and textures complement each other, all kinds of materials are exposed through the texture to its true features and through the texture to express the characteristics of materials. Fiber interior accessories through tactile senses given different psychological feelings, such as hard and soft, thick, hot and cold and so on. At the same time, set up in the memory of visual perception, evoke images of different psychological perception, distinguishing texture characteristics. Modern fiber art is a breakthrough and go beyond the traditional, mainly manifested as fiber such material on a higher level of understanding and application. Traditional fiber art, mainly in natural fiber materials. These materials include silk, wool, hemp, cotton and so on. Used in modern fiber art materials, has broken through the traditionalconstraints. Here the "fiber" is no longer just cotton, hemp, wool, brown, rattan and other traditional fiber materials, including chemical fiber and latitude of the hard and soft woven material, as well as all of the linear material, and even some metal fibers have also been artists of all ages. American fiber artists such as Nancy's work "The Golden Wave" used wool, viscose fiber and copper wire as material. Bulgaria Cayman million fiber artists work "with the weft" a plastic tube and wool as a material. Modern fiber art of painting from nature than from the pursuit and began to focus on the performance of materials in the United States itself, the natural form of fiber materials, rich texture, just between the different fibers and Sophie, straight and curly, miscellaneous and pure, Ming with dark, light and heavy contrast, and to appreciate those who bring a wealth of aesthetic experience. Fiber Art has always been known as the artistic and texture. Whoof weaving is a traditional fiber arts major process. However, modern technology of fiber art practices have not been listed out in full, such as weaving, hitch, winding, Stitch, collage, as well as dyeing, painting, spraying, printing and so on . Many artists will also science and technology into the field of fiber art creations. American artist Cynthia's "Runs", "Lake rain" looms for the creative use of computer tools, the use of three-way warp space to create a unique effect in the fabric texture and structure to show the endless imagination, different types and color overlay with the cover line, resulting in the traditional process can not be achieved on many levels of subtle changes. There are many artists, make use of the existing products to create, but also the effect of unusually touching. For example, the pioneer of modern fiber arts - United States Miss Lei Nuo senior artists in the early 80s of last century the United Nations building in New York designed the giant fiber works of art "white fluttering fiber." This work of art from the interior of the building about 6m square vertical hoisting the roof down countless articles and white fibers, this fiber bundle with a bunch of slightly swinging the wind, both light also generous, we also implicitly simple, it reveals a hazy and includes the state of tune of the realm of the United States. These works and the use of materials through the excavation of the United States itself and the integration with the environment, so as to achieve the unusual decoration of the United States can not match the artistic realm.2 .fiber art sculpture on the interior of the impact of environmental designCompared with traditional fiber art, contemporary fiber art is an important feature of its sculpture. Traditional fiber arts such as carpet, wall,缂丝and other works, the main works are flat. Since the 60s of last century, fiber arts gradually to semi-relief from two-dimensional until the emergence of fully three-dimensional space of the work of "soft sculptures" - with the flexibility and elasticity of the sculpture. Some artists take into account in the design works are works of more space for the overall situation brought about by decorative. Polish artists work "red " Wall yes to sculpture, to works of the landmark space. Rui forward into the corner after their full deep oval to form a strong contrast, like a could not suppress the passionagitatedly eruption. 1992 ~ 1993 created to "nest" as represented by the works, she will be of good pulp Pour in bamboo was carried out on a fan has created a singular effect. Along this line of thought, she works more extensive space, she created a "wrapped", "chain" a series of works, with the exception of paper pulp, bamboo, wood, but also the use of flax fiber. In the "column", she began to pursue an upward extension of the work results. If we say that the above works in the outdoor air can give the magic question, fresh visual feel, she's "knot" and "Box" series of works, then created an interior space, mysterious, the dust-laden effect, they give people is the lost in a distant era, but it is also a lingering mirage contemporary. a series of creative break the draw species boundaries to new material as well as the process of art to introduce the art of sculpture area, expanded the borders of sculpture, such positive efforts to change the sculpture for the shelf thinking, to break the closed state, pioneering vision in the broader field of sculpture space for development to seek to play a positive role in promoting.3 .fiber combination of art and architectureFiber art as a symbol of warm, soft, warm symbols, combined with the building has been the embodiment of perfection. Around the end of the 1970s to the 1980s, the modern fiber art began to be applied by architects think are apathy, lack of emotion in the building. 70's, published "Beyond Craft: Contemporary Fiber Art" and "Fiber Art: mainstream" book on the two specific on modern fiber art in a variety of building space and public space to the important role and significance.With the development of the times, fiber art has infiltrated into interior architecture and environmental design in all its aspects, has entered the modern family, with other interior decorative materials of organic combination of each other, with its shape, texture and with combination of decorative and enhance the interior decoration of the artistic effect. It is mainly the use of various materials and techniques to express the concept of modern design and modern life, while Sophie All modern decorative shapes, colors, and taking with the walls, the indoor environment, spatial relations. Fiber art be able to add artistic effects of space, easy to create wealth to the "human touch" of the natural space, and thus ease the building and the interior space of rigid sense of space to play the role of blur, but also added a building with the interior space of the color, gives a harmonious and comfortable, practical experience perfect. Because of the special properties of fibers, fiber art brings not only a visual sense of beauty, more warm, friendly, comfortable, etc. enjoy. In addition, from modeling to color, from planar to three-dimensional, from the subject to have a very broad cultural connotation of the performance space, and thus developed very rapidly and has now been widely used in building the overall design and decoration in the bedroom. Fiber art as the indoor environment an important component of the environment in the interior occupies an important position, also play a decisive role. It can not only be able to decorating the space, rich environment, the performance of culture,architecture and interior space and be able to color, lighting, materials to build an organic whole, one of the art of building space and integration, thus building the internal environment received a warm elegant artistic realm, and create a variety of human space.4 .modern fiber art and other interior decorative materials of organic combinationBuilding outdoor space and indoor environment are equally important. In order to fully enjoy the well-being and privacy needs, there is room comfort requirements continue to grow. Wall and soft sculpture such as fiber arts as interior decorations, in Europe, America and developed a wide range of applications. People depending on fabric wall hanging with painting, piano, etc. as a symbol of wealth, its interior decoration and furnishings on the important position. They were wool, cotton, hemp, silk as raw material, or several kinds of soft materials, mix, to textiles, winding, hitch, Stitch and other production means, the creation of planar and three-dimensional image of a form of art. for the Doubletree Suites Hotel in Seattle, the United States designed the fabric of space are "soft sculpture" masterpiece. The enormous size of the painting, covered the entire building interior space. Enormous stretching to different directions with different curvature of the surface, so that people's attention in line with the surface and the exercise of the process, have a relaxed feel. Renoir's "Autumn natural" is also such a work. In domestic hotels, restaurants, senior housing has been increasingly used in fabrics, to beautify the room. The use of decorative fabric walls, the thickness of the fabric itself and visual thickness attached to the wall for people to add a warm feeling for the add gorgeous home atmosphere. Color of the interior environment of the interior space sensitivity, comfort, atmosphere, efficient use of people's psychological and physical have a great impact, indoor environment, color is the soul of the design of the indoor environment. In a fixed environment, the first to break into our visual senses are color, while the most appealing is the color. Different colors can give rise to different psychological feelings, good color environment is the ideal combination of these feelings. People from the harmonious and eye color in the United States have a reverie, Transformation for the love, go far beyond the limitations of the interior. Those who can move the furniture, fabrics, such as the middle area of color in fact constitute the indoor environment are the most important part, but also to create various shades of the most basic factors. Indoor environment in the most easy to change a small area of color, such as wall hanging, cushion, decorative products, are often the most prominent use of strong color played a role in the finishing touch. Modern fiber art has been to enter the modern family, with other interior decorative materials of organic combination of each other, with its light color, shape, texture and permutation and combination, more decorative and enhance the interior decoration of the artistic effect, and the use of color changes in the strength and scope of control has received prominent and rendering interior of the main centers and the level of the proportion of space, add space for artistic effect, gives luxuriousstyle, comfort and harmonious, practical experience perfect.5. ConclusionModern fiber art materials are natural fiber, synthetic fiber, metal fiber, etc.; techniques can be dyed, embroidery, knitting, guitar, pestering, bypass, looping, up, etc.; shape can be planar, three-dimensional space. It relies on different patterns, together with the space environment, it's visual, tactile perception, such as the United States get more pleasure. An absolutely beautiful, high taste fiber art, be able to establish a more pleasant atmosphere of the indoor environment. In the modern interior design environment, fiber art has a modern interior decoration is becoming an important component of its decoration in the family played a very important role.。
介绍平面设计专业作文英文
介绍平面设计专业作文英文As a major in Graphic Design, I believe in the power of visual communication. Design is everywhere, from the packaging of our favorite products to the logos of our beloved brands. It's an essential part of our everyday lives, and as a graphic designer, it's my job to create meaningful and impactful designs that resonate with people.One of the most important aspects of graphic design is the ability to effectively convey a message or tell a story through visual means. Whether it's through illustrations, typography, or photography, a well-crafted design can evoke emotion, spark curiosity, and leave a lasting impression. This is why understanding the principles of design, such as balance, harmony, contrast, and emphasis, is crucial for any aspiring graphic designer.Another crucial skill for a graphic designer is theability to think critically and conceptually. Design is not just about making things look pretty; it's about solving problems and finding creative solutions. This means conducting thorough research, understanding the target audience, and interpreting the client's needs into a visual language that speaks to the intended audience.In addition to technical and conceptual skills, a graphic designer must also stay abreast of current design trends and technologies. The world of design is constantly evolving, and it's essential to stay informed about the latest software, tools, and techniques. Whether it's utilizing augmented reality in packaging design or mastering the latest web design trends, staying current is vital for success in the field of graphic design.Collaboration is also an important aspect of graphic design. Working with clients, art directors, copywriters, andother creatives is a common part of the job. Being able to communicate ideas effectively, give and receive constructive feedback, and work in a team environment is essential for delivering successful design projects.Lastly, a graphic designer must have a strong sense of ethics and responsibility. Design has the power to shape opinions, influence behavior, and impact society. It's important to use this power responsibly and ethically, considering the cultural, social, and environmental implications of our designs.In conclusion, graphic design is an exciting and dynamic field that requires a diverse set of skills. From visual storytelling to critical thinking, staying current with technology to collaborating effectively, and practicing ethical design, there's much to learn and master. But for those passionate about creativity and visual communication,graphic design offers endless opportunities to make a meaningful impact in the world.。
平面设计英文论文
平面设计英文论文平面设计专业英语论文There are several phases and processes in the user interface design some of which are more demanded upon than others depending on the project. (note for the remainder of this section the word system is used to denote any project whether it is a web site, application, or device)Functionality requirements gathering - assembling a list of the functionality required of the system to accomplish the goals of the project and the potential needs of the users.User analysis - analysis of the potential users of the system either through discussion with people who work with the users and/or the potential users themselves.Typical questions involve:What would the user want the system to do?How would the system fit in with the users normal workflow or daily activities? How technically savvy is the user and what similar systems does the user already use?What interface look & feel styles appeal to the user?Information architecture - development of the process and/or information flow of the system (i.e. for phone tree systems, this would be an option tree flowchart and for web sites this would be a site flow that shows the hierarchy of the pages).Prototyping - development of wireframes, either in the form of paper prototypes or simple interactive screens. These prototypes are stripped of all look & feel elements and most content in order to concentrate on the interface.Usability testing - testing of the prototypes on an actual user—often using a technique called talk aloud protocol whereyou ask the user to talk about their thoughts during the experience.Graphic Interface design - actual look & feel design of the final graphical user interface (GUI.) It may be based on the findings developed during the usability testing if usability is unpredictable, or based on communication objectives and styles that would appeal to the user.。