Narration1

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Narration 记叙文的写作要点

Expository narrative
is the factual account of events, including history, biography, travels, news reports and journals.
The ways to narrate
in sequence of time顺叙 flashback倒叙 narration interspersed with flashbacks插叙 narration interspersed with comment）夹叙夹议
4 Atmosphere 气氛
The general mood or feeling established in a piece of literature. Atmosphere is created through word choice and pacing .
5 Conflict
• the central problem that drives the action of a story . • Two main types • Internal ---the conflict happens in a character`s mind • External---the conflict happens between characters ,or between a character and some outside force.
6 Point of View 视角
• Who is narrating the story • Two main types • First person---the narrator use “I” to tell the action ,and is involved in the story • Third person---the story is told from a perspective outside the story .The characters are referred to by name ,or as he ,she or they

narration英文作文

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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!I woke up to the sound of birds chirping outside my window. The sun was shining brightly, and I knew it was going to be a beautiful day.As I got out of bed, I could smell the aroma of freshly brewed coffee wafting through the air. It was the perfect way to start my morning.I decided to go for a walk in the park. The lush green trees and colorful flowers were a sight to behold. It was so peaceful and serene, and I felt a sense of calm wash over me.After my walk, I met up with some friends for brunch. We chatted and laughed, enjoying each other's company. It was the perfect way to spend a lazy Sunday.In the afternoon, I decided to indulge in some retail therapy. I went to my favorite stores and treated myself tosome new clothes and accessories. It felt good to spoil myself once in a while.In the evening, I went to a concert with some friends. The music was electrifying, and we danced the night away. It was a night to remember.As I lay in bed, reflecting on the day, I couldn't help but feel grateful for the simple pleasures in life. It was a day filled with joy and happiness, and I went to sleep with a smile on my face.。

英语写作之Narration

Narration1.What is narration1.1 definitionTo narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In other words, a narrative recreates an event or gives a sense of it by helping the audience visualize that event.1.2classification2.Strategies for using narration2.1 Include the key elements of narrationIn order to make a narrative easier to follow, you should often take the following elements into consideration:1) a setting, or some background information2) a goal, or the ultimate purpose of the writing3)an initiating event4)simple reaction5)an attempt6)an outcome7)the endingIn some cases, some of them may be absent. In any sense, a narrative should at least contain a setting, a theme, a plot, and an ending.Eg.It happened that a fox was ambling(溜达) along a country lane when he spied a bunch of ripe grapes hanging from a vine（葡萄树）high above his head. Hungry as he was, the fox determined to have those grapes for his dinner. He stood tall on his hind legs, but could not reach the grapes. He leapt high in the air, but missed the grapes and fell painfully onto his back. He was too sore to make a further attempt at the grapes, so he sighed and turned away down the road. “Well,” he said to himself. “The grapes were probably sour anyway.”2.2 Select significant details for narrationSix Ws: Who? What? When? Where? How? Why?◇In selecting significant details, you should avoid those details which are not pertinent to the above six questions.◇For different subjects and different purposes, you can lay different amount of emphasis on each aspect. Sometimes one or two of the six Ws can even be omitted.Eg.I was standing right across the road there by my car getting ready to change a flat tire when I heard the train coming. Just as the engine reached the crossing, there was a loud grinding sound. And the noise did not stop either, the way it would in a car wreck; it kept going on, thundering and crashing. All of a sudden, the coal cars started to jackknife, falling off the tracks like toys, with coal pouring out all over the ground. Coal dust and dirt were flying everywhere. Then, in a minute or two, everything was still; the only thing moving was the coal, sliding out of the car in piles. I just stood there and watched. It was like something you’d see in the movies.2.3Determine a purpose2.4Choose a point of viewWhat are the advantages and limitations of the first person?2.5 Use dialogues cautiously1)Where it is possible, avoid unnecessary repetition of the speakers’ namesor unnecessary description of the way they speak, so far as the reader can make out who is talking and who will follow in turn.A tiresome dialogue:“ I see you in the corner,” whispered Baker softly.“ How did you find me?” inquired Charles curiously.“ I smelled the pipe you’ve been smoking,” purred Baker evilly.“Oh!” exclaimed Charles alarmedly.2)Present dialogues in a simple and brief way. Don’t overload your writing with lengthy dialogues that have vague or little bearing on the point you want to make. Don’t extend dialogues in such a way as to turn the narrative into a play. Eg.I’ll not forget my first---and last---meeting with that old T exan. He came striding down the line I had just surveyed on his property（地产），pulling up my line stakes（线路桩）and tossing（猛举）them over his shoulder as he came. When he got up to my surveying truck, he wasn’t even out of breath:“ Get off my land.”“OK. I will----in just a minute. If you’ll just---”“Get off now.”“Y es, sir, right now, just like you say.”And I did leave, as fast as possible.3.How to organize a narrative essay3.1 how to introduce a narrative essayIn narrative introductions, the best plan is to hint at your main point, preparing your reader psychologically for what is to come.1)The most obvious way is to give background the reader will need tounderstand the story.Eg.After several months’jail in my university, I was so mentally tired that I embarked on a trip to Shanghai on the very first day of the summer vacation in 1997. Though I did not expect much from that trip except freedom, it finally turned out to be my most unforgettable trip just because of a girl.2)Another way to begin a narrative is to go directly into the story itself.3.2How to develop the body of a narrative essayEpisodeChronological orderFlashback3.3how to end a narrative essayA frequently used way to end a narrative is to further point out the significance of the event.Eg.That incident happened more than fifteen years ago. My parents and my sister might have forgotten it by now. But Father’s words are still ringing in my ears.Another way to end a narrative is to have the significance implied and leave it to the reader to make it out.A SampleIf OnlyPaul MonahanHaving worked at a 7-Eleven store for two years, I thought I had become successful at what our manager called “customer relations”. I firmly believed that a friendly smile and an automatic “sir”, “ma’am”, and “thank you” would see me through any situation that might arise, from soothing impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the wrong change. But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib（口齿伶俐的）response could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with othe human beings.The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled（步履蹒跚）down the nearest aisle（走廊）. She coughed dryly, wheezing（困难地呼吸）with each breath. On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded print dress, a thin, light-beige sweater too small to button, and black vinyl（乙烯基）slippers with the backs cut out to expose calloused（起老茧的）heels. There were no stockings or socks on her splotchy（脏兮兮的）, blue-veined legs.After strolling around the store for several minutes, the old woman stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables. She picked up some corn niblets and stared with a strange intensity at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, courteous employee and asked her if she needed help. As I stood close to her, my smile became harder to maintain; her red-rimmed eyes were patially closed by yellowish crusts（硬皮）；her hands were covered with layer upon layer of grime（尘垢）, and the stale smell of sweat rose in a thick vaporous cloud from her clothes.“I need some food,”she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”“Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”“I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”“Well, the corn’s night-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if you like, we have a special on bologna（大腊肠）today.”“I can’t pay,” she said.For a second, I was tempted to say, “T ake the corn.” But the employee rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the best of you. Let them know you are in control. For a moment, I even entertained the idea that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, ma’am, but I can’t give away anything for free.”The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She shuffled（慢慢吞吞地走）past me toward the door, her torn and duty clothing barely covering her bent back.Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate. Whishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.。

Narration (叙述文) vs Description (描述文)

變化，如例(b)、(e)、(f)。
(g) Iwasbusy yesterday.
(h) Theywereat home last night.
Be動詞的簡單過去式式was與were。
Useful Words and phrases
(3)決定時態
就英文而言，如果要表示某動作或狀態是在過去、現在還是未來發生，除了可用動詞以外的其他詞表示外，動詞本身亦要用不同的形態來表示。
例如：過去：I lived inEnglandtwo years ago.
現在：Nowadays I live inHong Kong.
未來：I shall live inAmericanext year.
(a) Marywalkeddowntownyesterday.
(b) Isleptfor eight hours last night.
簡單過去式用以描述活動或狀態在過去時間內開始並結束。(如昨天、昨晚、兩天前、1999年時)
(c) Bobstayedhome yesterday morning.
(d) Our planearrivedon time last night.
大多數簡單過去式的形式是在字尾加-ed，
如例(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)。
(e) Iatebreakfast this morning.
(f) Suetooka taxi to the airport yesterday.
採第三人稱觀點作者為圖巽主角命名以第三者角度描述發生除了可用動詞以外的其他詞表示外動詞本身亦要用巼初的形態來表示
Narration (敘述文) vs Description (描述文)
發展技巧：
(1)敘述文：採「第一人稱」觀點,作者本身融入其中一角色。

高级英语第一册 Hiroshima— the “Liveliest” City in Japan

2) formation of a narrative: A good narrative has a beginning, a middle and an end. 3) five aspects in writing a narrative: a. Purpose b. Selection of details c. Context d. Organization e. Point of view 4) three basic components of a narrative: Plot; Characters; Background.
Summary of the Text
In this text, the author narrates an experience of his journey in Hiroshima and what he has seen and understood there. Before having a real touch with the city, the author’s mind was occupied with a superficial impression that people there were sad and would remember the history which happened half a century ago. As he walks out of the station ,the attentive author notices some phenomenon of co-existence of Eastern and Western culture in Japan, such as the different clothing styles and traditional Japanese houses. The purpose of his journey is to interview the mayor of Hiroshima. The process of meeting with the mayor is described humorously and comically .The mayor and ordinary people don’t want to mention the bomb and misery any more. At first the author is puzzled why they are willing to hide the history. But after a talk with an old atomic victim, he begins to understand of their souls——the history get their mind hurt most and as an optimistic nation the Japanese want to expect the good future rather than the miserable past.

Narration (叙述文) vs Description (描述文)

例如：過去：I lived inEnglandtwo years ago.
現在：Nowadays I live inHong Kong.
未來：I shall live inAmericanext year.
(a) Marywalkeddowntownyesterday.
(b) Isleptfor eight hours last night.
簡單過去式用以描述活動或狀態在過去時間內開始並結束。(如昨天、昨晚、兩天前、1999年時)
(c) Bobstayedhome yesterday morning.
(d) Our planearrivedon time last night.
大多數簡單過去式的形式是在字尾加-ed，
如例(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)。
Narration (敘述文) vs Description (描述文)
發展技巧：
(1)敘述文：採「第一人稱」觀點,作者本身融入其中一角色。
(2)描述文：採「第三人稱」觀點,作者為圖中主角命名，以第三表示某動作或狀態是在過去、現在還是未來發生，除了可用動詞以外的其他詞表示外，動詞本身亦要用不同的形態來表示。
(e) Iatebreakfast this morning.
(f) Suetooka taxi to the airport yesterday.
有些動詞的過去式為不規則變化，如例(b)、(e)、(f)。
(g) Iwasbusy yesterday.
(h) Theywereat home last night.
Be動詞的簡單過去式式was與were。
Useful Words and phrases

narration , and exposition作文类型

narration , and exposition作文类型narration 记叙文、argumentation 议论文、exposition 应用文、description说明文等。

在英语中议论文和说明文都属于说明性的写作,两者的区别在于前者旨在阐明观点,而后者在于阐释明理。

1英语中四种体裁
1、narration 记叙文：
记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。

2、argumentation 议论文：
议论文，又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。

作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法，来确定其观点正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。

议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。

3、exposition 应用文：
应用文是人类在长期的社会实践活动中形成的一种文体，是国家机关、政党、社会团体、企业事业单位在日常工作、生活中处理各种事物时，经常使用的具有明道、交际、信守和约定成俗的惯用格式文体。

4、description 说明文：
说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。

它通过对实体事物科学地解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事理的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的
概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等能有科学的认识，从而获得有关的知识。

Narration

NARRATION writing skill (1)1. What is narration?Narration means telling a single story or several related stories. The story can be a means to an end, a way to support a main idea or thesis.Narration is powerful. Every public speaker, from politician to classroom teacher, knows that stories capture the attention of listeners as nothing else can. We want to know what happened to others, not simply because we're curious, but also because their experiences shed light on our own lives. Narration lends force to opinion, triggers the flow of memory, and evokes places, times, and people in ways that are compelling and affecting.2. How narration fits your purpose and audience;Narration can also appear in essays, sometimes as a supplemental pattern of development.In addition to providing effective support in one section of your paper, narration can also serve as an essay's dominant pattern of development. In fact, we can use a single extended narrative to convey a central point and share with readers your view of what happened.Although some narratives relate unusual experiences, most tread familiar ground, telling tales of joy, love, loss, frustration, fear--- all common emotions experienced during life. Narratives can take the ordinary and transmute it into something significant, even extraordinary. As Willa Cather, the American novelist wrote: “There are only two or three human stories and they go on repeating themselves as fiercely as if they had never happened before." The challenge lies in applying your own vision to tale, thereby making it unique.3. Prewriting strategies for narration;•What event evokes strong emotion in you and is likely to have a powerful effect on your readers?•Does your journal suggest any promising subjects?•Does anything point to an event worth writing about?•Will you focus on a personal experience, an incident in someone else's life, or a public event?•If you write about an event in someone else's life, will you have time to interview the person?•What is the source of tension in the event: one person's internal dilemma, a conflict between characters, or a struggle between a character and a socialinstitution or natural phenomenon?•Will the conflict create enough tension to "hook" readers and keep them interested?•What tone is appropriate for recounting the conflict?4. Strategies for using narration in an essay;a. Identify the point of the narrative conflict;•Most narratives center on a conflict.•When you relate a story, it's up to you to convey the significance or meaning of the event's conflict.•When recounting your narrative, be sure readers are clear about your narrative point, or thesis.b. Develop only those details that advance the narrative point;Nothing is more boring than a storyteller who gets sidetracked and drags out a story with nonessential details. When telling a story, you maintain an effective narrative pace by focusing on your point and eliminating any details that don't support it. A good narrative depends not only on what is included, but also on what has been left out. •Having a clear sense of your narrative point and knowing your audience are crucial.•How do you determine which specifics to omit, which to treat briefly, and which to emphasize?•You can't lead away from the point so you should leave out some details.•You also need to keep your audience in mind when selecting narrative details.•Is this detail or character of conversation essential? Does my audience need this detail to understand the conflict in the situation? Does this detail advance orintensify the narrative action?•You should feel free to add or reshape details to suit your narrative point.c. Organize the narrative sequence;Every narrative begins somewhere, presents a span of time, and ends at a certain point. Frequently, you will want to use a straightforward time order, following the event chronologically from beginning to end.But sometimes a strict chronological recounting may not be effective -- especially if the high point of the narrative gets lost somewhere in the middle of the time sequence. To avoid that possibility, you may want to disrupt chronology, plunge the reader into the middle of the story, and then return in a flashback to the tale's beginning.Narratives can also use flashforward -- you give readers a glimpse of the future before the story continues in the present. these techniques shift the story onto severalplanes and keep it from becoming a step-by-step, predictable account.Whether or not you choose to include flashbacks or flash-forwards in an essay, remember to limit the time span covered by the narrative. Otherwise, you'll have trouble generating the details needed to give the story depth and meaning. Also regardless of the time sequence you select, organize the tale so it drives toward a strong finish. Be careful that your story doesn't trail off minor, anticlimactic details.d. Make the narrative easy to follow.Describing each distinct action in a separate paragraph helps readers grasp the flow of events. Although narrative essays don't always have conventional topic sentences, each narrative paragraph should have a clear focus. Often this focus is indicated by a sentence early in the paragraph that directs attention to the action taking place. Such a sentence functions as a kind of informal topic sentence; the rest of the paragraph then develops that topic sentence. You should also be sure to use time signals when narrating a story.e. Make the narrative vigorous and immediate;A compelling narrative provides an abundance of specific details, making readers feel as if they're experiencing the story being told. Readers must be able to see, hear, touch, smell, and taste the event you're narrating. Vivid sensory description is, therefore, an essential part of an effective native. Not only do specific sensory details make writing a pleasure to read -- we all enjoy learning the particulars about people, places, and things -- but they also give the narrative the stamp of reality. The specifics convince the reader the event being described actually did, or could, occur.Another way to create narrative immediacy is to use dialogue while telling a story. Our sense of other people comes, in part, from what they say and the way they sound. Conversational exchanges allow the reader to experience characters directly. The challenge in writing dialogue is to make each character'sspeech distinctive and convincing.Another way to enliven narratives is to use varied sentence structure. Sentences that plod along with the same predictable pattern put readers to sleep. Experiment with your sentences by varying their length and type; mix long and short sentences, simple and complex.Finally, vigorous verbs lend energy to narratives. Use active verb forms rather than passive ones, and try to replace anemic to be verbs with dynamic constructions.f. Keep your point of view and verb tense consistent;If you, as narrator, tell a story as you experienced it, the story is written in thefirst-person point of view. But if you observed the event and want to tell how someone else experienced the incident, you would use the third-person point of view. Each point of view has advantages and limitations. The first person allows you to express ordinarily private thoughts and to re-create an event as you actually experienced it. This point ofview is limited, though, in its ability to depict the inner thoughts of other people involved in the event. By way of contrast, the third person makes it easier to provide insight into the thoughts of all the participants. However, its objective, broad perspective may undercut some of the subjective immediacy typical of the "I was there" point of view.Knowing whether to use the past or present tense is important. In most narration, the past tense predominates, enabling the writer to span a considerable period of time. Although more rarely used, the present tense can be powerful for events of short duration.A narrative in the present tense prolongs each moments, intensifying the reader's sense of participation. Be careful, though, unless the event is intense and fast paced, the present tense can seem contrived. Whichever tense you choose, avoid shifting midstream --- starting, let's say, in the past tense and switching to present.Two readingsThe Movie HouseIt was two blocks from my home; I began to go alone from the age of six. My mother, so strict about my kissing girls, was strangely indulgent about this. The theatre ran three shows a week, for two days each, and was closed on Sundays. Many weeks I went three times. I remember a summer evening in our yard. Supper is over; the walnut tree throws a heavy shadow. The fireflies are not out yet. My father is off, my mother and her parents are turning the earth in our garden. Some burning sticks and paper on our ash heap fill the damp air with low smoke; I express a wish to go to the movies, expecting to be told no. instead, my mother tells me to go into the house and clean up; I come into the yard again in clean shorts, the shadows slightly heavier, the dew a little wetter; the dime and the penny in my hand. I always ran to the movies. If it was not a movie with Adolphe Menjou, it was a horror picture. People turning into cats—fingers going stubby into paws and hair being blurred in with double exposure—and Egyptian tombs and English houses where doors creak and wind disturbs the curtains and dogs refuse to go into certain rooms because they sense something supersensory. I used to crouch down into the seat and hold my coat in front of my face when I sensed a frightening scene coming, peeking through the buttonhole to find out when it was over. Through the buttonhole Frankenstein’s monster glowered; lightning flashed; sweat poured over the bolts that held his face together. On the way home, I ran again, in terror now. Darkness had come; the first show was from seven to nine, buy nine even the longest summer day was ending. Each porch along the street seemed to be a tomb crammed with shadows; each shrub seemed to shelter a grasping arm. I ran with a frantic high step, trying to keep my ankles away from the reaching hands. The last and worst terror was our own porch; low brick walls on either side concealed possible cat people. Leaping high, I launched myself at the door and, if no one was in the front of the house, fled through suffocating halls past gaping doorways to the kitchen, where there was always someone working, and a light bulb burning. The icebox. The rickety worn table, oilcloth-covered, where we ate. The windows solid black and fortified by the interior brightness. But even then I kept my legs away from the dark space beneath the table.Questions:1 .Is the main idea of the paragraph directly stated? If so, in which sentence(s)? If not,state the main idea in a sentence of your own.2. What is the point of view in the narrative? Could another point of view be used? Using the first two sentences of the paragraph as an example, explain how you could change the point of view?3. In what ways is this paragraph subjective? In what ways is it objective?Learning to WriteRussell BakerWhen our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English, I anticipated another grim year in that dreariest of subjects. Mr. Fleagle was notorious among City students for dullness and inability to inspire. He was said to stuffy, dull, and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and prim to a fault. He wore primly severe eyeglasses; his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prom vested suits with neckties blocked primly against the collar buttons of his primly starched white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.I anticipated a listless, unfruitful year with Mr. FleagleAnd for a long time was not disappointed. We read Mecbeth. Mr. Fleagle loved Mecbeth and wanted us to love it too, but he lacked the gift of infecting others with his own passion. He tried to convey the murderous ferocity of Lady Mecbeth one day by reading aloud the passage that concludes…I have given suck, and knowHow tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks meI would, while it was smiling in my face,Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums….The idea of prim Mr. Fleagle plucking his nipple from boneless gums was too much for the class. We burst into gasps of irrepressible snickering. Mr. Fleagle stopped.“There is nothing funny, about giving suck to a babe. It is the—the very essence of motherhood, don’t you see.”He constantly sprinkled his sentences with “don’t you see.” It wasn’t a question but exclamation of mild surprise at our ignorance. “Your pronoun needs an antecedent, don’t you see,’ he would say, very primly. “The purpose of the Porter’s scene, boys, is to provide comic relief from the horror, don’t you see.”Later in the year we tackled the informal essay. “The essay, don’t you see, is the…” my mind went numb. Of all forms of writing, none seemed so boring as the essay. Naturally we would have to write informal essays. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics. None was quite so simpleminded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and dawdled until the night before the essay was due. Sprawled on the sofa, I finally faced up to the grim task, took the list out my notebook, and scanned it. The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Surging up out of the depths of memory came a vivid recollection of a night in Belleville when all of us wereseated around the supper table—Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal—and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic treat in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allen’s house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment to relive the pleasure of an evening at New Street. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I’d learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my private reminiscence of Belleville. Two days padded before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone’s but mine. I was bracing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and rap for the class’s attention.“Now, boys,”he said, “I want to read you an essay. This is titled ‘the Art of Eating Spaghetti.’”And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. What’s more, the entire class was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with openhearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to repress a small prime smile.I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure ecstasy at this startling demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, “Now that, boys, is an essay, don’t you see. It’s –don’t you see—it’s of the very essence of the essay, don’t you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker.”Questions:1. What is the main idea of the essay?2. What order does the writer use in describing the incidents in his narrative?3. Is the essay written objectively or subjectively? Cite examples from the essay to help explain your answer?。

Narration记叙文的写作要点课堂

established in a piece of literature. Atmosphere is created through
word choice and pacing .
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5 Conflict
? the central problem that drives the action of a story .
Narration
1
narration叙述文 description 描写文 exposition 说明文 argumentation 议论文
2
What is narration ?
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To narrate is to give an account of what happened or is happening. At its simplest, narration is the telling of a story, which involves characters and ongoing actions.
Symbol 象征
Point of view 视角
Text
Foreshadowing伏笔
Setting 背景
Plot 情节
Order 顺序
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Step1.Context
? At the beginning of a narrative ,make clear:
? When ? Where ? Who ? Provide the reader with context
1.1 Setting 背景 ? The time and place in which the
events of a story take place . Cultural ,social , physical context of a story.

narration 1

• An offscreen voice telling an amnesiac what he did as the camera demonstrates it
Overtness
• How obvious (or overt) is the narration? An overt narrator is out in the open—a focus of the audience member’s attention. A hidden narrator is covert.
Unreliable narrators
• Narrators you cannot trust to provide a full and accurate account are called ‘unreliable narrators’ • A common feature of first-person narration is that you can’t trust the narrator
Homodiegetic narrative
• The homodiegetic narrative is delivered by a story character—someone actively involved in the narrative. Usually, he then uses the firstperson pronoun in his address (but not always). He may be the protagonist or just a bit player, but he is somehow affecting or affected by the actions going on in the story.

Narration1解读

Narration is to tell some kind of story, and its sentences are logically ordered in chronological sequence; description is to picture, and its sentences are logically organized on a spatial principle; exposition is to explain, and argumentation to argue or persuade. The organization of the details in an exposition has no set pattern. The order depends on the subject and often on the author's logic, or on the dominant impression(主体印象).
Passage 2

Some people hold the opinion that private cars are superior to bicycles in many ways. Others, however, argue that the bicycle is much better. Personally, I would prefer the use of cars because I think cars have more advantages.
Passage 1

An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn't be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.

英语范文 narration

英语范文 narration英文回答：As a young child, I was always fascinated by thestories my grandmother would tell me about her childhood. She would describe a time when she lived in a small village in rural China, where life was simple but harsh. She would tell me about the long days she spent working in the fields with her family, and the nights she would huddle around a small fire with her siblings to keep warm.One of my favorite stories was about a time when my grandmother was about ten years old. She was playing with her friends in the village when she came across a group of older boys who were teasing a younger child. My grandmother, being the kind and compassionate girl she was, stood up to the bullies and told them to leave the child alone.The older boys were surprised and angered by my grandmother's defiance. They turned on her and began tobeat her. My grandmother fought back bravely, but she was no match for the larger boys. Just when she thought she was about to be seriously hurt, a group of adults from the village intervened and stopped the fight.My grandmother was shaken by the experience, but she was also proud of herself for standing up for what she believed in. She learned that even though she was small and weak, she could still make a difference in the world.This story has always stayed with me, and it has taught me the importance of standing up for what you believe in, no matter how difficult it may be. It has also taught me the importance of compassion and kindness, and the power that one person can have to make a difference in the world.I am grateful to my grandmother for sharing her stories with me. They have taught me valuable lessons about life, and they have inspired me to be a better person.中文回答：作为一个孩子，我总是着迷于祖母讲给她童年时发生的事情。

Narration

The narrator as narrating agent
• Reporting actions and events: « It was eight o’clock when I stepped out into the street » (ex. 9) • Characterisation: « Not long ago there lived in uptown New York […] Leo Finkle, a rabbinical student […] » (ex. 1) • Setting: « […] as I walked along the avenue under that brilliant blue sky » (ex. 9)
Real author
Implied Narrator Narratee Implied Real author reader reader
Reality Fiction Fiction Fiction Fiction Reality
Types of narration
• 3 ways to analyse narration:
Relationship narrator ↔ characters
• Narrator IS a character in the story homodiegetic narrator
• Narrator IS NOT a character in the story heterodiegetic narrator
Narrator ↔ time scheme (2)
• Anterior narration « With a little luck, you’ll dismiss this labor… » (ex. 8) = prophecy

Narration1课堂

Narration
1
Types of writing
? Traditionally, writing is classified into three forms as narration, exposition and argumentation (议论文) in Chinese, or as narration, description, and exposition in English. We can also consider English writing four major genres ( 体裁), as narration, description, exposition , and argumentation.
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Passage 1
? An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn't be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.

Narration1

Passage 3
It was full spring and in the shallow pool the frogs croaked [krəuk] drowsily ['drauzili] . The bamboos at the corner of the house swayed [swei] slowly under a gentle night wind and through the twilight he could see dimly the fringe [frindʒ] of trees at the border of the near field. They were peach trees, budded most delicately pink, and willow trees thrusting [θrʌst] forth tender green leaves.
NarrationTy源自es of writingTraditionally, writing is classified into three forms as narration, exposition and argumentation(议论文) in Chinese, or as narration, description, and exposition in English. We can also consider English writing four major genres (体裁), as narration, description, exposition, and argumentation.
Passage 1
An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn't be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.

Narration

Ex.2: We planned a surprise party for Marjorie Martin. She was twenty-one years old and she never had a birthday party. First, we carefully made a guest list. We included many of her friends from school, a few of her other friends from church, and all of her brothers and sisters. Second, we planned a suitable menu. We needed some refreshing drinks and food. We were going to serve fruit punch and coffee. We also wanted chicken sandwiches, a birthday cake with twenty-one candles, and ice cream. Third, we planned entertainment. A boy did magic tricks skillfully. Another boy played the guitar well. We all liked group singing. We had a lot of records and a record player. Everyone helped. The party became a secret community project.
• Purpose --To tell a story, to prove a theory, to illustrate a concept, to praise a virtue, to condemn a vice, to support an idea, to explain a process, or to simply entertain readers, etc. --Make sure that the total effect of his narrative, or the final impression it leaves on the reader, is in agreement with his purpose. --Choose details and design the plot of the story carefully.

英语写作Narration

碎事个?科技英语学习主编上海交大毛荣贵教授与美国天普大学dorinehouston教授合作对中国大学生作文进行修改其中一篇写个女孩在公交车上为老人让座写一个女孩在公交车上为老人让座不料在场的三位男青年耻笑女孩女孩的母亲也责怪了她此时我实在看不下去了就带头为女孩的行为鼓掌车厢里也响起了掌声
Narration and Description
Part I. Narration
Concept and Basic Structure Five Aspects of Narration How to Write a Narration Narration in CET6
Ⅰ. Concept and Basic Structure
1. 记叙文又称记事文或叙述文，是按照时间顺序叙述人物的经历和事情的产生、发展和变化过程的文章。记叙文主要的叙事方式有顺叙、倒叙、插叙和夹叙夹议。
We planned a surprise party for Lucy recently. She never had a birthday party and she was twenty-one years old. First, we carefully made a guest list. We included many of her friends from school, a few of her other friends from church, and all of her brothers and sisters. Second, we planned a suitable menu. We needed some refreshing drinks and food. We were going to serve fruit punch and coffee. We also wanted chicken sandwiches, a birthday cake with twenty-one candles, and ice cream. Third, we planned entertainment. A boy did magic tricks skillfully. Another boy played the guitar well. We all liked group singing. We had a lot of records and a record player. Everyone helped. The party became a secret community project.

narration

• 在这段短文中,作者仅仅围绕contrast, 叙述了Nobel生活及其性格中各种矛盾的方面,突出了他不求名利,但求贡献的美德,正是这些看似对立的方面非常完整地刻画出了Nobel 的为人.
• 下面是一篇叙述Einstein的某件轶事的文章: • At one time Einstein traveled all over the United States giving lectures. He traveled by car, and soon became quite friendly with the driver. • The driver always listened to Einstein‟s lecture, which the great scientist gave again and again. One day, he told Einstein that he knew the lecture so well that he was sure he could give it himself. Einstein smiled and said, : Why don‟t you give the lecture for me next time? The driver agreed. • That evening both of them went along to the lecture hall. Nobody there had seen Einstein before. As the driver took his place on the stage everybody clapped. Then he began the lecture. Sure enough, he didn‟t make a single mistake. It was a great success, and when he started to leave, shaking hands with everybody, while Einstein followed quietly a few steps behind. • Just before they got to the door, a man stopped them and asked the driver a very difficult question. The driver listened carefully. Of course, he did not understand a thing, but he nodded his head as if he did. When the man stopped talking, the driver said that he thought the question was very interesting but really simple. In fact, in order to show how simple it was, he would asked his driver t人、叙事. 叙述就是把事件发生、发展过程和人物的经历、事迹等介绍出来。以记人为主的记叙文，人物作为主要记叙的对象。它可以叙述人物的经历，也可结合适当的描写叙述人物的性格。以记事为主的叙述文，事件的发生、发展和结果是叙述的主要对象。当然，任何事情的发展都离不开人，所以在以叙事为主的文章中要把握好叙事和记人之间的关系。下面我们分别通过记人叙事的范文来分析它们各自的特点：