中印进出口贸易优势比较分析

中印进出口贸易优势比较分析

摘要

中国和印度同属发展中国家，有许多共同或相似之处；既是邻国、农业大国、人口大国，又是全球近几年经济增长速度最快的国家，两国的经济发展为世界瞩目，都有可能在若干年后成为世界中心。就目前而言，中国的基础设施、资本资源、人力资源、经济总量、国际化程度等方面和印度相比较处于领先地位，但两国的经济结构都必须进一步调整。在宏观经济竞争力上中国优于印度，但微观经济竞争力印度强于中国，信息技术竞争力印度优势明显，通常两国都愿意把对方作为经济发展的参照对象。通过中印进出口贸易优势的比较可以看出印度有许多值得中国借鉴的地方，中国的进出口贸易尚有较大的发展空间。

本文对中印的进出口贸易进行比较分析，涉及中印的商品及服务贸易领域，如中印的纺织业、汽车产业、机电工业、软件业等加以比较。主要利用比较分析的研究方法，通过大量的数据图表对比。通过对比分析可以得出，在贸易构成上，商品贸易是中国对外贸易的主要部分，服务贸易所占比重较小。由于服务贸易在进出口贸易中扮演着越来越重要的作用，因此，中国必须调整贸易结构，增加服务贸易在进出口贸易中的比重，发扬纺织品，机电行业等在商品贸易中的原有优势，规避其子贸易中的劣势，从而达到优化进出口贸易的目的。

关键词：商品贸易；服务贸易；进出口；纺织品；软件行业

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Abstract

China and India are both developing countries, and have many similarities. For instance, they are neighbors and both are large countries mainly in agriculture and with a large population. They are also one of the fastest-growing countries in the world economy in recent years. The economy of these two countries has attracted worldwide attention, and they are likely to be the center of the world in the future. For the time being, compared with India, China is in the leading position in infrastructure, capital resources, human resources, economic volume, and degree of internationalization. But the economic structure of the two countries must be further adjusted. China is better than India on macro-economic competitiveness, while India is stronger on micro-economic competitiveness. India has the obvious advantages on the competitiveness of information technology. Usually, the two counties are willing to put the other side as a reference of economic development. It can be seen through the comparison of the advantages between the two countries that China has much to learn from India, and the imports and exports of China still have larger space to develop.

This paper is aim to compare and analyze the import and export trade of China and India involving China and India's trade in goods and services, such as the comparison of China and India's textile industry, automobile industry, electrical and mechanical industries, and software industry. It mainly uses the research method of comparative analysis with comparison of large mounts of data charts. It can be drawn by comparative analysis that, in the trade, the commodity trade is the main part of China's foreign trade, while the proportion of service trade is small. As service trade plays an increasingly important role in the import and export trade, China must adjust the trade structure to increase the proportion of service trade in import and export trade, and to promote the original advantages of textiles, electrical and mechanical trades in merchandise trade, and to circumvent the disadvantages of sub-trade, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the import and export trade.

Key Words: merchandise trade; service trade; import and export; textiles; software industry