课件专题十三反意疑问句祈使句感叹句以及其它特殊句式

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反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句以及其它特殊句式知识要点反意疑问句的主要考点一、陈述句如果是 there be 句型,则附加疑问句要用 there 充当主语,而不用 it 或者 they 来与存在句中的主语保持一致: 1. There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?

2. There were lots of people over there, weren’t there?

3. There’s nothing wrong, is there? 二、陈述句的主语如果是everyone (everybody) ,someone (somebody) ,anyone (anybody) , no one , nobody ,则在附加疑问句中通常使用they ,尤其是在口语中。但是,使用 he 也是正确的: 1. Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn’t they? 2. No one was injured in the car accident, were they? 3. Someone died here yesterday, didn’t they? 但在正式语体中也可以见到用 he 的实例: Everyone knows his name, doesn’t he? 三、陈述句的主语如果是 this ,that , these , those ,则附加疑问句中的主语要分别用 it 或they : 1. That is your hat, isn’t it? 2. Those are ugly, aren’t they? 四、附加疑问句通常要重复复合句中主句的主语,但主句中如果含有 I think /suppose /expect /believe /imagine /fancy /suspect 这样的主谓结构,则附加疑问句应重复 that 从句中的主语: 1. I suppose you are not serious, are you? 2. I expect you will have a good time there, won’t you? 3. I don’t believe he has finished, has he? 五、否定转移句的附加疑问句,其主语应重复 that 从句的主语: 1. I don’t think you can do these

exercises alone, can you? 2. I don’t imagine he cares, does he? 3. I don’t think she knows French, does she? 六、在 Let’s 与 Let us (me) 句后的附加疑问句的主语是不同的: 1. Let’s go for a walk, shall we? 2. Let us go shopping, will you? 3. Now, let me have a look at that project, will you? 七、陈述句的主语如果是 one ,则附加疑问句的主语应当用 one (英国英语)或he (美国英语): One can’t be too careful, can one?/ can he?

八、祈使句的主语为第三人称时,附加疑问句的主语既可用 you ,也可用 they : Somebody open this door, will you?/ will they?

九、在含 used to 的陈述句之后,附加疑问句要使用助动词 did ,但亦可使用 use(d)n’t : 1. They used to write to you, didn’t they? 2. There used to be a cinema here, use(d)n’t there?

十、在含 I am 的陈述句之后,附加疑问句的助动词不使用 am not ,而使用 aren’t (英国英语)或 ain’t (美国英语): 1. I am late, aren’t I? / ain’t I? 2. I’m doing well, aren’t I?/ ain’t I? 十一、祈使句为肯定句时,附加疑问句可使用 will you/ won’t you , can you/ can’t you 。在否定的祈使句之后,附加疑问句应使用 will you 或 can you : 1. Don’t make noise, will you?/ can you? 2. Don’t tell Joe, will you? 十二、陈述句中含有助动词 ought to 时,附加疑问句既可使用 oughtn’t ,也可使用shouldn’t : 1. We ought to go now, shouldn’t we? 2. We ought to buy a new car, oughtn’t we? 十三、陈述句中含有助动词 must

时,附加疑问句使用什么样的助动词,依 must 的含义而定: a) must 作“必须”解时,附加疑问句可以重复 must 或改用 need : 1. He must keep his word, mustn’t he? 2. They must clean the floor after school, needn’t they? b) 当 must not 作“禁止”解时,附加疑问句要用 may : 1. I must not go any further, may I? 2. They mustn’t take the book out of the reading-room, may they?

c) must 作“一定”、“准是”解时,附加疑问句的助动词要与 must 后面的动词相照应: 1. They must be playing football, aren’ t they?

2. You must have misheard, haven’t you?

3. It must have rained last night, didn’t it? 十四、当 I wish 表示征求对方意见时,附加疑问句可以用 may : I wish to have a rest now, may I? 十五、 hardly , scarcely , seldom , rarely , little , few 等叫做半否定副词。含有这些半否定词的句子无论在句意上,还是在句法上,都具有否定句的特点。因此这类句子的附加疑问句,应采取肯定形式: 1. He scarcely knew a word of English, did he? 2. You seldom work on Sundays, do you? 3. He had little time to spare, did he? 十六、当主句的动词 have 表示“拥有”时,附加疑问既可用 have 也可用 do : 1. You have a color TV set, haven’t you/ don’t you? 当主句的 have 不表示“拥有”而表示其他意思时,附加疑问要用 do : 1. You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you? 2. They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they? 十七、带有否定前缀的词虽然具有否定意义,但含有这种词的句子仍被

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