新视界大学英语第三册第一单元

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新视野大学英语第三版-UNIT1-包含课后答案

He finally yielded to his parents’ demands.
available: a. (~ to ) able to be taken, or used 可用的；有效的
E.g1:有机食品现在在很多商店里都可以买到。 Organic food is now widely available in many stores.
原句译文
作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。
As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university.
句型提炼
As …, sb. is proud /happy/sad… to do
Language focus
无论何时，只要有目标，你就要牺牲一定的自由以达到它。
Pursue [pə‘sʊ] v. & n.追求；追赶
pursue truth 追求真理 pursue your dreams 追求你的梦想 pursue change/goal 追求改变/目标
例句：愚人只追求享乐，而不顾代价。 Fools pursue pleasure regardless of
在学校和生活中，工作的最重要的动力是工作中的乐趣，
是工作获得结果时的乐趣以及对这个结果的社会价值的认
识。—— 爱因斯坦
我要做的只是以我微薄的绵力来为真理和正义服务。
科学研究能破除迷信，因为它鼓励人们根据因果关系来思
考和观察事物。 —— 爱因斯坦
我们一来到世间，社会就会在我们面前树起了一个巨大的问号，你怎样度过自己的一生？我从来不把安逸和享乐看作是生活目的本身。 —— 爱因斯坦

新世纪大学英语综合教程3第一单元课后习题答案

新世纪大学英语综合教程3第一单元课后习题答案Unit 1Text A assure biased dread grin hover scrawl visibleText B await crease engage frail glisten hint sole1.Don’t sit for too long or you’ll______your new dress.2.There’s a ______ of summer in the air, although it’s only April.3. He ______me that the well-known doctor would cure my headache.4. I handed in my application for the job last week; I am eagerly ______ their reply.5. I wis h you’d stop ______ r ound and let me get on with some work.6. Hilary was out, so I______ a note to her and put it under the door.7. The little girl kept on dancing, her face and black hair______ with sweat.8. A ______ old woman with a walking stick came slowly down to the gate to meet us.9.Judy is the ______ survivor of the car accident the driver and all the other passengers died.10. In the room where the young man was killed, detectives found no______ signs of a struggle.11.While one of the robbers ______ the guard in conversation, the otherscrept into the factory.12. One member of the jury was ______ in favour of the suspect, because they shared the same educational background13. This was the moment he had been ______ for weeks-his mother found out theat he had told a lie.14. When she heard they were going to get married, the old woman couldn’t stop ______all day.Text A as it iseach and every every so often for fear ofget byin the background wrap sb. around one's little finger Text B catch sb. unawares except for make a livingpull up shut off1.The young couple spoke in whispers______ waking the baby.2.We ______ in front of a shop, bought some drinks and drove on.3. I can answer all the questions ______the last-it puzzles me too.4.We couldn’t ______ on my salar y alone, so my wife did some oddjobs.5. He left his well-paid office job to try to ______ on a farm.6.I no longer go to see John regularly, but ______ he drops in at my office.7.Though she has a lot of power in that big company, Sandy tends to remain____8. ______ the power after you use the multi-media devices in the conference room.9. Although he’s been here just a few days, he knows the name of ______colleague.10.We hope to finish the work today, but ______ we probably won’t finish until tomorrow.11. Judy is quite obedient while her younger sister always ______ her father ______.12. The shower______ completely ______ all the clothes we hung up outside got wet.答案：1.crease2.hint3.assured4.awaiting5.hovering6.scrawled7.glistening8.fairl9.sole 10.visible 11.engaged 12.biased 13.dreading 14. grinning1.for fear of2.pulled up3.except for4.get by5.make aliving6.every so often7.in the background8.Shut off 9.each and every10.as it is11.wraps…around her little finger 12.caught us…unawares1.别坐得太久，否则会弄皱你的衣服。

新视界读写第三册Unit 1教案讲稿

(Jun. 1996, CET-4, Reading Comprehension)
Committeee.g. My sister’s professor had her rewrite her paper many times before allowing her to
present it to the committee. (Jan. 1989, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure)
Word formation
mis-
Mis-is a prefix used before nouns and verbs, which usually indicates that something has not been
Outcomee.g. We are most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their
serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.
4.What influences you when making judgments about people?
Their appearance – their choice of clothes and how well they look after themselves. The way they speak
4I suppose we can go beyond the list here – kindness and liking to give to others will bring you
friends, a sense of beauty is important and being faithful to those you work with means you never

新视界大学英语第三册第一单元

Warming up ④ If someone misjudges you by using these negative words? Dose it influence you or not? Why?
Follow your own course and let people talk.
Skimming Practice
unfair 1. It’s not reasonable to make judgments about people you don’t know. screw up 2. I don’t want to make a really bad mistake in my job interview.
③What is the goal in your mind when judging a person?
to see if it is possible to further the relationship to see how good he / she is on a specific aspect to select people for a specific group …
Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.
1. How many different ways people usually judge you? (key words?) Two 2. What is the first type of judgment? (key words?) The first type of judgment, the type where judging you is the end goal.

【9A文】新视界大学英语第3册第1单元课文翻译及练习答案

新视界大学英语综合教程第三册第一单元课文翻译及练习答案ActiveReading两种判断判断一个人有两种不同的方式，有时判断的最终目的是正确地判断一个人，不过另外一种则不是如此，并且这种判断要常见得多。

我们往往认为所有的判断都属于第一种。

如果能意识到哪些是第一种而哪些不是的话，我们也许会更幸福。

第一种判断，即把正确地判断一个人作为最终目的的判断，包括法院判决、考试成绩及大部分比赛。

这些判断当然可能会有误判，但因为其最终目的是正确地判断一个人，通常会有某种类似于上诉的程序。

如果你觉得别人没有正确评价你，你可以表示反对，说你受到了不公平的待遇。

几乎所有对孩子的判断都属于第一类，所以在小时候我们就养成了这种习惯，认为所有的判断都是这样。

但实际上还有更广泛地存在着的第二类判断，在这种判断中，对你作出判断只是做另一件事的手段。

这包括大学招生、聘用及作投资决定，当然也包括在约会时作出的判断。

这种判断并不是真正意义上对你作出的评价。

假设你要为国家队挑选运动员。

简单起见，假设这是一个没有位置要求的运动，并且你需要挑选二十个运动员。

有一些明星运动员肯定要在队里，还有许多肯定不能入选。

只有那些难作取舍的情况会让你的判断产生差别。

即使你搞砸了，低估了排在第二十名的运动员，使他落选了，他的位置被排在第二十一名的运动员所代替，你还是组建了一支好的队伍。

如果运动员之间的能力分配正常，第二十一名运动员只会比第二十名略微逊色，或者他们之间的差距比测量误差还要小。

那位排在第二十名的运动员可能会觉得自己被错误地判断了。

但是在此你的目的不是为人们提供能力评估服务，而是组建一支队伍，如果排名第二十位的与排名第二十一位的运动员之间的差距比测量误差还小，你还是作了最佳选择。

用“不公平”来形容这种“不正确的判断”是一种错误的类比。

因为在此目的不是为了对某个特定的个体作出正确的评估，而是选择合理的最佳组合。

在此，会误导我们的一点是选择者看起来有点权力。

新世界大学英语第三册 Unit 1 The Other Side of Fame

Unit 1 The Other Side of Fame
Unit 1 The Other Side of Fame
Text A
Don’t You Know Who I Am? Text B
The Price of Fame
Unit 1 The Other Side of Fame
LEAD-IN
keys
Unit 1 The Other Side of Fame
X
News items
a. Daniel Radcliffe, who plays Harry Potter on the big screen, says nothing could prepare him for the press attention he’s received as star of the film. b. Around 150 entertainment industry members were Daniel Radcliffe Leads as Most Valuable asked to rank Hollywood stars under the age of 19 b Young Staroffice ________ years on box success, audience appeal and ability to attract funding to get their Star Currency rating. British star Daniel Radcliffe soared in at first place. c. ―It’s always a worry, yeah,‖ Radcliffe, 17, tells Newsweek in its new issue about girls who want to go out with him simply because he’s famous.

新视界大学英语综合教程第三册unit1activereading课文及翻译

Unit 1 Active readingTwo kinds of judgement1 There are two different ways people judge you. Sometimes judging you correctly is the end goal. But there’s a second much more common type of judgment where it isn’t. We tend to regard all judgments of us as t he first type. We’d probably be happier if we realized which are and which aren’t.2 The first type of judgment, the type where judging you is the end goal, includes court cases, grades in classes, and most competitions. Such judgments can of course be mistaken, but because the goal is to judge you correctly, there’s usually some kind of appeals process. If you feel you’ve been misjudged, you can protest that you’ve been treated unfairly.3 Nearly all the judgments made on children are of this type, so we get into the habit early in life of thinking that all judgments are.4 But in fact there is a second much larger class of judgments where judging you is only a means to something else. These include college admissions, hiring and investment decisions, and of course the judgments made in dating. This kind of judgment is not really about you.5 Put yourself in the position of someone selecting players for a national team. Suppose for the sake of simplicity that this is a game with no positions, and that you have to select 20 players. There will be a few stars who clearly should make the team, and many players who clearly shouldn’t. The only place your judgment makes a difference is in the borderline cases. Suppose you screw up and underestimate the 20th best player, causing him not to make the team, and his place to be taken by the 21st best. You’ve still picked a good team. If the players have the usual distribution of ability, the 21st best player will be only slightly worse than the 20th best. Probably the difference between them will be less than the measurement error.6 The 20th best player may feel he has been misjudged. But your goal here wasn’t to provide a service estimating people’s ability. It was to pick a team, and if the difference between the 20th and 21st best players is less than the measurement error, you’ve still done that optimally.7 It’s a false analogy even to use the word unfair to describe this kind of misjudgment. It’s not aimed at producing a correct estimate of any given individual, but at selecting a reasonably optimal set.8 One thing that leads us astray here is that the selector seems to be in a position of power. That makes him seem like a judge. If you regard someone judging you as a customer instead of a judge, the expectation of fairness goes away. The author of a good novel wouldn’t complain that readers were unfair for preferring a potboiler with a racy cover. Stupid, perhaps, but not unfair.9 Our early training and our self-centeredness combine to make us believe that every judgment of us is about us. In fact most aren’t. This is a rare case where being less self-centered will make people more confident. Once you realize how little most people judging you care about judging you accurately – once you realize that because of the normal distribution of most applicant pools, it matters least to judge accurately in precisely the cases where judgment has the most effect –you won’t take rejection so personally.10 And curiously enough, taking rejection less personally may help you to get rejected less often. If you think someone judging you will work hard to judge you correctly, you can afford to be passive. But the more you realize that most judgments are greatly influenced by random, extraneous factors – that most people judging you are more like a fickle novel buyer than a wise and perceptive magistrate – the more you realize you can do things to influencethe outcome.11 One good place to apply this principle is in college applications. Most high school students applying to college do it with the usual child’s mix of inferiority and self-centeredness: inferiority in that they assume that admissions committees must be all-seeing; self-centeredness in that they assume admissions committees care enough about them to dig down into their application and figure out whether they’re good or not. These combine to make applicants passive in applying and hurt when they’re rejected. If college applicants realized how quick and impersonal most selection processes are, they’d make more effort to se ll themselves, and take the outcome less personally.两种判断1 判断一个人有两种不同的方式，有时判断的最终目的是正确地判断一个人，不过另外一种则不是如此，并且这种判断要常见得多。

新世纪大学英语第三册Unit1课文翻译

Translation of the Text (课文翻译)Unit 1 What is Friendship?Introduction1.Friendship is an eternal theme in human history.=友谊是人类历史上一个永恒的主题。

2.A life without friendship is hard to imagine.=没有友谊的生活是难以想象的。

3.But what is friendship?=但是，什么是友谊呢？4.Read the following text and see if you can gain some new insights into the true meaning of friendship.=阅读下文，看看是否你能对友谊的真正含义获得某些新颖而深刻的见解。

Paragraph 11.When we approach the notion of friendship, our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend.=当我们开始探讨友谊这个概念时，我们所遇到的第一个问题是，缺乏一个社会公认的择友标准。

2.In one setting, we may describe someone as a friend; in another, the label may seem less appropriate.=在某一情境下，我们会把某个人称作朋友；然而，情境一旦变迁，朋友这个称呼似乎就没那么贴切了。

3.Therefore, people tend to have a very thin understanding of what friendship really means.=因此，人们对于友谊的真谛的理解往往是非常肤浅的。

新世纪大学英语第三册第一单元

Manuscript(1)

A Reason, a Season and a Lifetime
We meet thousands of people in our life. Some come into our life for a reason, some for a season, and some for a lifetime. When you figure out which it is, you will know exactly what to do.
我们的管理体系是基于人的平等、自由观念而建立的。
She has no notion of the difficulty of this problem.
1. notion(2）
idea, concept & notion“思想”、“观点”、观念” idea 最普通，几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。 concept指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物
Does he possess the necessary patience and tact to do the job well? 他有做好这项工作必备的耐性和应变能力吗?
They possess property all over the world. 他们在世界各地均拥有财产。
5.possess（2）
conviction多指根据长期交往或实践，对某人某事有了认识和了解后产生的信心和相信，强调其坚定性。 She'd made such promises before, and they lacked conviction. 她以前也作过这样的许诺, 但都不足信。
5.possess（1）

新视界大学英语综合教程3课后汉译英答案

UNIT 11.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充分的准备，你都很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。

（no matter how）No matter how experienced a speaker you are , and well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样，吉米也关心他们。

（just as）Just as all sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared them.3.汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。

（track down）Car manufactures stamp a vehicle identification number at several places no new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。

（tell on）If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you anymore.5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。

（on one’s own）Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.6.现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集建公司所需的资金。

（reckon with）Here is something that needs to be reckoned with how to get the necessary finances to establish the company.UNIT 21.被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪。

(完整word版)新视界大学英语综合教程3课后翻译(word文档良心出品)

Translation transcript:Unit one:1.第一种判断，即把正确地判断一个人作为最终目的的判断，包括法院判决、考试成绩及大部分比赛。

2.在此目的不是为了对某个特定的个体做出正确的评估，而是选择合理的最佳组合。

3.我们早年所受的训练，加上我们总是以自我为中心，使我们认为对我们所作的每个判断都是关于我们本身的判断。

4.令人惊奇的是，把被拒绝看的不那么针对个人，能帮助你更少地遭到拒绝。

5.如果大学申请人意识到大部分选择过程是多么迅速，多么不考虑个体需求，他们就会更努力地推销自己，并能更加坦然地对待录取结果。

1.We do not need to care too much about what people say about usin that what they say is not necessarily objective.2.He changed quite some jobs for the sake of his self-developmentbefore he finally found a position suitable for him. But his experience does not apply to everyone.3.We should first figure out what we really need before we set goalsfor ourselves. The more we know about what we need, the easier it is to set practical goals.4.What most employers care about is not your self-improvement,but what you contribute to the company.5.Whatever the outcome will be, do not give up easily. We shouldnot underestimate our ability/ourselves just because of one failure in seeking employment.Unit two:1.他们买不起昂贵的礼物，也不想让我们觉得我们比不上别的孩子—在圣诞节早上，他们从圣诞树下找到各种各样的新奇玩具，据说是圣诞老人留下的。

新世纪大学英语视听说教程(第三版)第3册Unit_1

II ■
1. __P__ is taking a trip for two weeks. 2. __L__ is going to water the plants. 3. __P__ is going to put the dog in the kennel. 4. __L__ asked about the mail. 5. __P__ stopped the mail delivery. 6. __P__ will give the keys to __L__ .
√□ water the plants
1 Unit Let’s Go Somewhere! Lesson A Before you go Lesson B Travel Listening
Activity 1 While we are away, could you … ? B Listen again. Write P for Paula or L for Leticia.
Activity 2 A long weekend
A Each word on the left matches with one on the right to form a compound noun about air travel. Write each compound noun below the picture it describes.
Useful Expressions
book train tickets confirm flights change money get a tourist visa get a map get a guidebook learn a little of the language
book accommodation get travel insurance buy traveler’s checks get medication research the destination get a phrasebook make copies of travel documents

新视界大学英语3 unit1(3)

作业布置:
Write an essay about the following topic:The traits of a successful person
课后反思:
2. Ss are able to write an example essay.
Moral Objective: Ss are able to cooperate to discuss sth about how to succeed
when there are many obstacles in the pathway of success.
时间分配
(15mins)
Period 6
Step 5 Writing 1.Structure of example essays Read Paras. 3-7 and identify the way an example essay is developed. It is developed by the arrangement of a series of details / examples in certain sequence. • Order of Importance. It is wiser to place the most impressive detail at the end of the paragraph. • Order of Familiarity. It is common to begin with the most detail and move toward the less obvious or less familiar detail. 2. Structure of example essays A successful example essay depends on the following two guidelines: obvious or familiar

新视野大学英语第三册unit1

Unit 1 The way to successObjectivese the key expressions to talk about the way to success2.apply the reading skill --understanding denotation and connotation3.write a passage following the structure of an expository essay4.translate attributive clauses5.develop a right attitude toward successSection A Never, ever give up!Lead-inWatch the video clip and discuss the following questions in pairs.1. What factors lead to success according to the speaker?The three things that lead to success are as follows: passion, work, good.2. Can you name several other important factors for success?There are other important factors for success: good luck, talent, a clear goal, good relationship with your colleagues, self-confidence, etc.Inspiring your thoughtsTask 1Global understanding of the introductionRead Paras. 1-2 and answer the following questions.•What is the main idea of this part?It introduces the theme question of the text: What is the secret of success?•Whose example is used to elicit the idea?The example of Winston Churchill.Task 2 Global understanding of the body (Paras. 3-7)Step 1 Read Paras.3-7 and find out who are cited as examples to illustrate the secret of success. What are the examples used to show the secret of success?…Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called “slow to learn” and written off as idiots by their teachers. … In the end, both Einstein and Edi son overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. (Para. 3)(Nothing can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success: Einstein and Edison are good examples to illustrate this. )Consider also the heroic example of Abraham Lincoln, …His background was certainly not glamorous. … Later in life, he suffered profound grief over the tragic death of three of his four children. Yet his strong will was the spur that pushed him forward, strengthening his optimism, dedication and determination. … A hundred years later, people from around the world commend Abraham Lincoln as the greatest American president of all time. (Para. 4)(The example of Abraham Lincoln is added here to show that his strong will was the spur to push him forward and finally to make him successful. (Para. 4) )After growing up on a cattle ranch without running water or electricity, Sandra Day O’Connor fought to achieve the best education possible. … Through sheer persist ence she was eventually nominated and then appointed the first woman Supreme Court Justice of the United States ofAmerica. There, she acted as a crucial vote on issues like abortion and women’s rights. (Para. 6) (The example of Sandra Day O’Connor is giv en here to show that her success is due to her sheer persistence. (Para. 6) )Task 3 Global understanding of the conclusionRead Para.8 and fill in the blanks with the missing information.With ___________, ____________, ___________ and ___________, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success!(hard work , determination, dedication, preparation)Analysis of the whole text structureIntroduction (Paras. 1-2): Use the example of Churchill to lead to the question: What ’s the secretBody (Paras. 3-7): Give illustrations and examples to bring forward the statement that only those with a strong will, those who “keep their eyes on the prize ”, and those who expend the substantialDetailed understanding of the textStep 2 Work in groups of four. Retell the story of each of the five people in the examples cited in the table.Step 3 Discuss what traits these people have in common to be successful.Critical thinkingThink over the following three questions and share your ideas with your classmates.1.How do you understand the remark “It’s not how many times you fall down that matters.It’s how many times you get back up that makes success!”?You may have tried and failed many times before you finally get success. But it does not matter. What matters is whether you can summon up all your courage again and again to face the hardships standing in the way of success.2.Do you agree that “there are times when it’s simply better to give up”?●When I have realized that I am pursuing something that is hard to achieve, I would try tostick to the goal. But I will begin to think of what I can do to improve the situation.When it still doesn’t work, I would try to analyze what the problem is and then make some changes and probably reset my goal.●Yes, sometimes we are pursuing the wrong goal which can never be achieved, only tofind ourselves in deep frustration and profound fatigue. In this situation, I may give up the wrong goal and set up another goal that is achievable.3.How can we avoid wasting time and energy in achieving success?●Following the guidance of senior people.●Getting sound advice from our parents.●Setting a correct goal.●Achieving success step by step.●Developing good interpersonal relationships.Enhancing your skillsLanguage focus→Language learning1 As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a good student, and had he not been from a famous family, he probably would have been removed from the school for deviating from the rules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abundant courage in his refusal to surrender during the miserable dark days of World War II. His amazing determination helped motivate his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide.1 英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士，小时候在哈罗公学上学。

新视界大学英语综合教程3课文翻译unit1-8

新视界大学英语综合教程3课文翻译unit1-8新视界大学英语综合教程3课文翻译unit1-8 第一单元1. 我们没有必要太在乎别人对我们的评价，应为他们的评价不一定是客观公正的。

(in that; objective)We do not need to care too much about what people say about us in that what they say is not necessarily objective.2. 自身发展，他换了不少工作，并最终找到了适合自己的职位，但他的经历并不适用于每个人。

(for the sake of; apply to)He changed quite some jobs for the sake of his self-development before he finally found a position suitable for him. But his experience does not apply to everyone.3. 在为自己设定目标之前，首先要弄清楚自己需要的是什么，对自己的需要越了解，越容易设定切实可行的人生目标。

(figure ou t; the more … the more …)We should first figure out what we rieally need before we set goals for ourselves. The more we know about what we need, the easier it is to set practical goals.4. 大多分雇主关心的不是你自我能力的提升，而是你能为公司做多大贡献。

(what …; not … but …)What most employers care about is not your self-improvement, butwhat you contribute to the company.5. 无论结果如何都不要轻言放弃，不能因为一次求职失败就低估自己的能力。

新世纪大学英语第三册 Unit 1 Text A What is friendship

I. Words and expressions
• 7. preserve
• • • • • --He was anxious to preserve his reputation. 他急于维护自己的名声。 --a perfectly preserved old house 一栋保存完好的老宅 --The society was set up to preserve endangered species. • 成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种。
• 警察高速追赶那辆汽车。
I. Words and expressions
• n. pursuit
• • • • •
追求，追寻；追赶
对幸福/知识/利润的追求 the pursuit of happiness/ knowledge/ profit She travelled the world in pursuit of her dreams. 追求梦想 The thieves drove away with two police cars in pursuit (=following) . • 小偷驾车逃跑，后面有两辆警车跟着追赶。
I. Words and expressions
• 6. possess
• --He was charged with possessing a shotgun without a license. • 他被指控无照持有猎枪。 • 他没有什么幽默感。 • He doesn’t possess a sense of humor. • n. possession • The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel. • 出国旅行必须持有护照。

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新视界大学英语综合教程第三册第一单元课文翻译及练习答案Active Reading两种判断判断一个人有两种不同的方式，有时判断的最终目的是正确地判断一个人，不过另外一种则不是如此，并且这种判断要常见得多。

我们往往认为所有的判断都属于第一种。

如果能意识到哪些是第一种而哪些不是的话，我们也许会更幸福。

第一种判断，即把正确地判断一个人作为最终目的的判断，包括法院判决、考试成绩及大部分比赛。

这些判断当然可能会有误判，但因为其最终目的是正确地判断一个人，通常会有某种类似于上诉的程序。

如果你觉得别人没有正确评价你，你可以表示反对，说你受到了不公平的待遇。

几乎所有对孩子的判断都属于第一类，所以在小时候我们就养成了这种习惯，认为所有的判断都是这样。

但实际上还有更广泛地存在着的第二类判断，在这种判断中，对你作出判断只是做另一件事的手段。

这包括大学招生、聘用及作投资决定，当然也包括在约会时作出的判断。

这种判断并不是真正意义上对你作出的评价。

假设你要为国家队挑选运动员。

简单起见，假设这是一个没有位置要求的运动，并且你需要挑选二十个运动员。

有一些明星运动员肯定要在队里，还有许多肯定不能入选。

只有那些难作取舍的情况会让你的判断产生差别。

即使你搞砸了，低估了排在第二十名的运动员，使他落选了，他的位置被排在第二十一名的运动员所代替，你还是组建了一支好的队伍。

如果运动员之间的能力分配正常，第二十一名运动员只会比第二十名略微逊色，或者他们之间的差距比测量误差还要小。

那位排在第二十名的运动员可能会觉得自己被错误地判断了。

用“不公平”来形容这种“不正确的判断”是一种错误的类比。

因为在此目的不是为了对某个特定的个体作出正确的评估，而是选择合理的最佳组合。

在此，会误导我们的一点是选择者看起来有点权力。

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