9B Unit2 Great people 词句精讲精练
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Unit2 Great people
【词汇精讲】
1. invent
(1) invent 作动词,意为“发明;创造”。
例如:
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯。
(2) invent还可以表示“虚构”。
例如:
The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。
(3) invent的名词形式有两个,一个是inventor(发明者;发明家),另一个是invention(发明物)。
例如:Edison is a great inventor in history. 爱迪生是历史上伟大的发明家。
Human history is also a history of great inventions. 人类的历史也是一个伟大发明的历史。
【拓展】
invent和discover辨析:
(1) invent 意为“发明,发明之物”指“从无到有”。
例如:
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
(2) discover 意为“发现”,指“本来就已经存在,但不为人知”的事物。
例如:
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
2. hear of
hear of意为“听说,听到”,相当于hear about。
例如:
I have never heard of him. 我从来没听人说起过他。
【拓展】hear; hear of与hear from的辨析:
(1) hear“听见,听说”。
当“听见”讲时,强调结果,可直接带宾语或用于hear sb. / sth. do/ doing sth.意
为“听见某人/某物(在)做某事”,当“听说”时,后面常接从句。
例如:
Can you hear a bird singing in the tree now?
你现在能听见鸟在树上唱歌吗?
I heard that she passed the exam. 我听说她通过考试了。
(2) hear of“听说,得知”,后面接名词或代词,指听到某人或某事的存在或消息。
例如:
Jim disappeared and nobody heard of him. Jim不知去向,没有人再听到他的消息。
(3) hear from“收到……来信”,后面常接人作宾语。
例如:
Have you ever heard from your pen pal? 你是否收到过笔友的来信?
3. receive
receive是及物动词,意为“收到,接到,得到”,其后可接介词from。
例如:
I received a letter from my mother. 我收到母亲的一封来信。
【拓展】
receive与accept的辨析:
两个词都作动词用,都表示“接受,收到”之意,但在用法上有所不同。
receive表示的行为与主观意愿没有关系,着重于行为本身,不涉及收到者是否同意。
动作本身有一定的被动性。
accept表示的行为由主语的主观意志所决定,强调经过主语的考虑而接受。
动作本身是主动的。
例如:
I received his invitation to the party yesterday, but I refused to accept it.
昨天我收到了他的晚会请柬,但我拒绝接收。
4. join
join是动词,意为“参加,加入”。
宾语有以下几种形式:
(1) join + 表示团体或组织的名词,join意为“加入(某团体),成为……(成员)”。
例如:
Yao Ming joined the NBA. 姚明加入了NBA。
(2) join + 指人的名词或代词,join意为“加入……之中”。
例如:
Will you join us for lunch? 和我们一起吃午饭好吗?
(3) join + in + 活动类名词,join in意为“参加(活动)。
”例如:
Can you join in the game? 你能参加这个游戏吗?
【拓展】
join; join in和take part in 的辨析:
(1) join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体,以及参军等,并成为其中一员。
(2) join in指参加某项比赛或活动,常用于口语中,也可用于join sb. in (doing) sth. 意为“加入……(做)……”。
(3) take part in指参加群众性的活动、会议、劳动、游行等,往往指参加者持有积极的态度,起一定作用,有时与join in互换。
例如:
I joined the army in 1996. 我是1996年参军的。
I didn’t take part in the sports meeting yesterday because I was ill.
我没有参加昨天的运动会,因为我病了。
May I join in the football match?
我可以参加这场足球比赛吗?
5. pride
pride作名词,意为“骄傲,自豪”。
常用的结构:take pride in sth. 意为“为某事骄傲”。
例如:They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist.
他们为成为科学家的女儿而感到自豪。
He is the pride of our city. 他是我们城市的骄傲。
【拓展】
proud 作形容词,意为“骄傲的,自豪的”。
常用结构:be proud of sth. 意为“以……而骄傲”。
例如:I am very proud of being a Chinese. 作为一名中国人我很自豪。
be proud to do sth 意为“为做某事而骄傲”。
例如:
We are proud to be a league member. 我们为成为团员而骄傲。
6. move
move的用法比较多,总结如下:
(1) move可作及物动词,意为“移动、搬动、使改变位置(或姿势)”。
例如:
He moved the sofa to the left. 他把沙发移到左边。
(2) move作及物动词,还可意为“感动、鼓动、激动”。
例如:
The speech moved them to tears. 那场演说把他们感动得落泪。
(3) move还可作不及物动词,意为“离开、动身迁移、搬家”。
例如:
He moved his family to a smaller house. 他把家搬到一个较小的房子里。
注意:
搬到某地常用move to + 地点,但当副词作地点状语时,此时可省略掉to。
【拓展】
move house搬家move to Paris搬到巴黎move in搬进,迁进move on 继续前进
7. marry
marry既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,意为“结婚;嫁;娶;与……结婚等”。
常见用法如下:
(1) marry sb.意为“与……结婚”。
例如:
John married Mary last week. 上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。
(2) be/get married to sb.意为“与某人结婚”。
例如:
Alice was married to a doctor last month. 上个月爱丽丝和一位医生结婚了。
(3) marry sb. to sb.意为“把某人嫁给某人”。
例如:
She married her daughter to a businessman. 她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。
(4) marry 一般不与介词with 连用。
例如:
She married an Englishman.
She was / got married to an Englishman.
她和一位英国人结了婚。
(5) 若问某人是否结婚,而不涉及结婚的对象,可用be / get married的形式,相当于系表结构。
例如:
Are you married?/ Have you got married? 你结婚了吗?
8. happen
happen是不及物动词,它的用法有:
(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”,常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构,此时主语应该是
物。
例如:
The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在2008年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
(2) 表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。
例如:
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。
What happened to you? 你怎么啦?
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。
例如:
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
【拓展】happen和take place的辨析:
(1) happen指具体客观事物的发生,常有偶然性,未能预见性,即“偶然发生”。
例如:
What happened to him? 他出了什么事?
(2) take place常用于历史事件或会议的发生,以及化学、物理变化,有事先预料或计划的意思,即“计
划发生”。
例如:
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
注意:happen和take place均为不及物动词,无被动语态。
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. hear of
2. 对……感兴趣
3. all one’s life
4. 失去控制
5. join the navy
6. 产生很大的影响
7. together with 8. 被广泛使用
9. die of 10. 碰巧做某事
11. at present 12. 据说……
II. 根据首字母及汉语提示写出正确的单词。
1. David wants to be a (飞行员)when he grows up.
2. —Who was the light bulb (发明)by?
—Edison.
3. We study English,(物理)and other subjects at school.
4. He is from France. He is a E .
5. He has solved the problem of (饥饿)for many people.
6. The X-ray machines are now w_______used in hospitals.
7. Neil Armstrong is the p_______of the whole world.
8. If you want to be a great person, first of all you should be a good c_______.
III.根据句意用词的适当形式填空。
1. Edison was one of the great _______ (invent) in the world.
2. This is a small company. It is_______ (known).
3. He has spent all his life on the research and_______ (develop) of better rice plants.
4. His achievements have increased rice_______ (produce)by 20%.
5. I admire them because they are national _______(hero).
6. He was happy because he passed the exam _______(successful).
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. 听说;听到
2. be/ become interested in
3. 某人一生中
4. out of control
5. 加入海军
6. make a great difference
7. 和……一起
8. be widely used
9. 因……而死10. happen to do sth. 11. 目前;现在12. It’s said that…
II. 根据首字母及汉语提示写出正确的单词。
1. pilot
2. invented
3. physics
4. European
5. hunger
6. widely
7. pride
8. citizen
III. 根据句意用词的适当形式填空。
1. inventors
2. unknown
3. development
4. production
5. heroes
6. successfully
句式精讲
1. Who do you think is the greatest person in history, Eddie?
句中的do you think用作插入语,在特殊疑问句中放在特殊疑问词之后。
能用这种句型的插入语常见“do you think, do you believe, do you suppose及do you imagine ”等,插入语后面的句子用陈述语序。
注意:特殊疑问词一定要与插入语后面的句子语意连贯,语法正确。
例如:
What do you think the robot will do?
你认为这个机器人将会做什么?
What do you suppose made her look so upset?
你猜想什么使她看起来如此沮丧?
What do you imagine happened to Jim for the last week?
你想象吉姆上周发生了什么事?
2. He became interested in flying…
interested 作形容词,意为“感兴趣的”。
常用搭配是be/become interested in sth./doing sth.表示“某人对某物感兴趣或对做某事感兴趣”。
例如:
The little girl is interested in books. 那个小女孩对书感兴趣。
Are you interested in swimming? 你对游泳感兴趣吗?
【拓展】
(1) interesting作形容词,表示“某物是有趣味的,使人感兴趣”。
例如:
Our English teacher is very interesting. 我们的英语教师很有趣。
The story is very interesting, so all the children are interested in it.
这个故事很有趣,所以所有的孩子都对它感兴趣。
(2) interest作及物动词时,意为“使(某人)发生兴趣”。
例如:
His parents tried to interest him in study. 父母尽力使他对学习感兴趣。
(3) interest还可以作名词,意为“兴趣,爱好”。
常有如下表达:
take/show an interest in对……感兴趣
have an interest in 对……有兴趣
lose an interest in 对……失去兴趣
find (no) interest in 发觉对……(没)有兴趣
3. Greetings such as Hi and Hello are informal language.
such as意为“例如”,用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子,可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,但such as后边不能用逗号。
例如:
I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing.
我有很多爱好,如读书,跳舞和唱歌。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.
许多国家说英语,如澳大利亚加拿大等。
【拓展】
for example也意为“例如”,但是强调“举例”说明,而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语,且用逗号隔开。
for example可置于句首、句中或句末。
例如:
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
有许多种污染方式,例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games,for example,Mike.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏,比如迈克。
4. …, which are now widely used in hospitals.
be widely used意为“被广泛使用”,be used为被动形式。
例如:
The computer can be used as a tool.
计算机可以当作工具使用。
The recorder is used in class by teachers.
录音机被老师们在课堂上使用。
【拓展】
(1) be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”,是一种被动形式。
例如:
The waste water is used to water flowers. 废水被用来浇花。
(2) be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”,多指现在的情况。
例如:
My father is used to watching TV after supper. 我父亲晚饭之后习惯看电视。
He is used to living in the country. 他习惯住在农村。
(3) used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,与现在作比较,暗含“现在不做了”之意。
例如:
I used to go to school by bus. 我过去常常乘公共汽车去学校。
He used to get up at 6:00 when he was in the countryside.
他在乡下时常常六点钟起床。
5. However, the real Harry Potter says th e Harry Potter series …
however作副词,意为“不过;然而”,有转折的含义,相当于but,可位于句首、句中和句末。
位于句首时,其后用逗号隔开;位于句中时,其前用分号或逗号,其后用逗号隔开;位于句末时,其前用逗号隔开。
但but只能置于句首或句中。
例如:
My father, however, did not agree. 但是,我父亲不同意。
My room is small. However, it’s comfortable. 我的房间小,但很舒服。
【拓展】
however作副词,还可以意为“无论如何,不管怎样”,用来修饰形容词或副词,其词序为:however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。
however 引导让步状语从句,与no matter how 相当。
例如:
Phone me when you arrive, however late it is.
你到达之后就给我打电话,不论多么晚也要打。
However much he eats, he never gets fat.
不管他吃多少,他永远吃不胖。
句式精练
I. 句型转换。
1. He started dancing at the age of four.(改为同义句)
He started dancing _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
2. Twenty thousand fans have voted online for their favorite singers. (就划线部分提问)
________ ________ fans have voted online for their favorite singers?
3. Kitty puts away the warm clothes after the winter.(改为否定句)
Kitty ________ ________ away the warm clothes after the winter.
4. His grandpa died of cancer last year. (就划线部分提问)
________ ________ his grandpa die of cancer?
5. Millie is slimmer than any other girl in her class. (改为同义句)
Millie is ________ ________ girl in her class.
6. Linda asked John, “Do you come from the USA?”(改为间接引语)
Linda asked John ________ he ________ from the USA.
7. Jim left Chongqing 3 days ago because of his new work.(改为同义句)
Jim has _______ _______ from Chongqing for 3 days because of his new work.
8. My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year.(改为被动语态)
A Christmas present _______ _______ to me by my uncle last year.
II. 根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. 我从未听说过那个村庄。
I’ve never _______ _______ that village.
2. 首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。
Flying across the Atlantic was a great achievement.
3. 杨利伟是中国第一位乘宇宙飞船进入太空的人。
Yang Liwei is step out onto space by spacecraft in China.
4. 刘翔是全中国人民的骄傲。
Liu Xiang is all Chinese people.
5. 对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难。
finish the work.
6. 木头被用来制作课桌和椅子。
Wood make desks and chairs.
7. 据说明天会下雪。
it will snow tomorrow.
1. heard of
2. for the first time
3. the first man to
III.
Alan: Nick, what are you reading?
Nick: Famous Men in the World.
Alan: 1
Nick: Bill Gates, Thomas Edison and Li Bai.
Alan: Who’s Li Bai?
Nick: 2
Alan: You want to be a poet, don’t you?
Nick: No. I want to be a computer engineer like Bill Gates.
Alan: 3
Nick: Yes. Computers have changed the world a lot.
Alan: 4
Nick: He was a great inventor who never gave up.
Alan: So he was.
Nick: 5
Alan: I agree.
1._____
2._____
3._____
4._____
5._____
参考答案
Ⅰ. 句型转换。
1. when he was four years old
2. How many
3. doesn’t put
4. When did
5. the slimmest
6. if/whether, came
7. been away
8. was sent
Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子。
1. heard of
2. for the first time
3. the first man to
4. the pride of
5. It’s difficult for us to
6. is used to
7. It is said that
Ⅲ. 补全对话。
(从方框中选择最佳选项完成对话,有两项多余。
)
1—5:CEDGA。