2019年12月大学英语四级考试阅读讲义(四十二)
2019年12月四级深度阅读真题详解
2019年12⽉四级深度阅读真题详解2019年12⽉四级深度阅读真题详解第⼀套Passage OneQuestion 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. 56-60 ACBDBChildren are a delight(=hapiness/joy). They are our future. (56)But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year.Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living. There are now large strip s(狭长地带) of the country where daycare for an infant(57)This is not necessarily a new trend,but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually(=in fact)are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices.So who's to blame for higher childcare costs?Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details. (58)And the stricter the regulation s, the higher the costs. If it(保育中⼼) has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money (通过压缩劳动⼒成本来省钱)when other expenses go up. (59) In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infant s, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infant s, the price of care averaged less than $5,000.Unfortunately, I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy. (60)elaborate, prices have risen. The tradeoff(交换(60)But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulate d(=rule/manage) South.56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face?A) The ever-rising childcare prices. B) The budgeting of family expenses.C) The balance between work and family. D) The selection of a good daycare center.57. What does the author feel puzzled about?A) Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.B) Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service.C) Why childcare workers' pay has not increased with the rising childcare costs.D) Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states.58. What prevents childcare centers from saving money?A) Steady increase in labor costs. B) Strict government regulations.C) Lack of support from the state. D) High administrative expenses.【解析】infant['?nf?nt]n.baby/child 婴/幼⼉;未成年⼈59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?A) The overall quality of service is not as good. B) Payments for caregivers there are not as high.D) Each teacher is allowed to care for more kids.60. What is the author’s view on daycare service?A)Caregivers should receive regular professional training. B) Less elaborate rules about children might lower costs. C) It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs. D) It is better for different states to learn from each other. 【解析】elaborate[?'l?b?r?t]adj. cdetailed/full精⼼制作/复杂/详尽/煞费苦⼼的Passage TwoQuestions 61-65 are based on the following passage. 61-65DDCBC(61)Alex Pang's amusing new book The Distraction Addiction (分⼼成瘾)addresses(v.向…讲话). And that, he claims,is pretty much all of us. When we're not online, where we spend four months annually, we're engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online.(62)The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book(并⾮励志类图书)overdose(过度使⽤) and a historical overview(历史性概述) of how technological advances(科技进步) change consciousness(意识). A “professional futurist”, Pang urges an approach which he calls “contemplative (沉思的” He asks that you pay full attention to “”(63)Pang's first job is to free you from the (常见的错误认识) that doing two things at once allows you to get more done(同时做两件事效率更⾼). multitasking(多重任务) is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented(有据可查的). Pang doesn't advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to “take a more ecological (⽣态的) view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life har der.”The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor—often for the worse. (64) “Architecture is first and foremost about thinking...and drawing is a more productive way of thinking”. Somewhat less amusing are Pang's solutions for kicking the Internet habit. (65)usual behavior-modification approaches(常见的⾏为矫正法) Keep logs to(记录下上⽹⽇志) study your online profile(上⽹概况) and decide what you can knock out(剔除), download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a “digital Sabbath(安息⽇)”: “Unless you're a reporter or emergency-department doctor, you'll discover that your world doesn't fall apart when you go offline.”61. Alex Pang's new book is aimed for readers who________.A) find their work online too stressful B) go online mainly for entertainment【解析】62. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?A) Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively. B) Warn people of the possible dangers of internet use.C) Predict the trend of future technological development. D) Examine the influence of technology on the human mind.63. What is the on multitasking?A) It enables people to work more efficiently. B) It is a way quite similar to switch-tasking.C) It makes people's work and life even harder. D) It distracts people's attention from useful work.64. What does the author think of ?A) It considerably cuts down the cost of building design. B) It somewhat restrains architects' productive thinking. C) It is indispensable in architects' work process. D) It can free architects from laborious drawing.【解析】restrain /r??stre?n/vt. restrict/control/stop/prevent抑/控制;约束;制⽌first and foremost/?fm??st/⾸先;⾸要地/的是productive thinking有成效的思维⽅式65. What is Ales Pang's for Internet users?A) They use the Internet as little as possible.C) They exercise self-control over their time online. D) They entertain themselves online on off-days only.【解析】keep logs to保存⽇志/聊天记录第⼆套Passage oneQuestions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.(1)New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more pedaling (骑车) passengers on those blazing blue Citi Bikes. But what about local bike shops? Is Citi Bike rolling up(increase) riders at their expense(在损害他们的利益/情况下)?(2)At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, a manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales(总销售额) dueto(=as a result of) the bike-share program. "It's getting more people on the road" he said. (5)James Ryan, an employee at Danny's Cycles in Gramercy also said Citi Bike is a good option(=choice) for people to ease into biking in acity famed for its traffic jams and and aggressive(好⽃的) driversRentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny's Cycles.(3) But for Frank's Bike Shop, a small business on Grand St., the bike-share program has been bad news. Owner Frank Arroyo said his rental business has decreased by 90% since the Citi Bikes were rolled out last month. Arroyo's main rental customers are European tourists, who have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes.However,(5) Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at his shop. "People have used the bike-share and realized how great it is to bike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer for themselves," he noted.(5) Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. just north of Christopher St., said initially(=at first) he was concerned about(=worried about)bike-share, though, he admitted, "I was happy to see people on bikes. "Ave.(4)"It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult to implement," Crooks said of Citi Bike. He said he worried about (be concerned about)inexperienced riders' lack of awareness(知道,认识) of biking rules andbacklash(强烈反对) from non-cyclists. However, he said, it's still too early to tell if his business has beenimpact ed(=influence).While it's possible bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks allowed that the idea is a positive step forward for New York City.56 . What is the author's chief concern about the increasing use of Citi Bikes in New York?A How non-cyclists will respond to it.B Whether local bike shops will suffer.C Whether local bike businesses will oppose it.D How the safety of bike riders can be ensured.57 . What happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of (due to)the bike-share program?A It found its bike sales unaffected.B It shifted its business to rentals.C It saw its bike sales on the rise.D It rented more bikes to tourists.58 . Why is the bike-share program bad news for Frank's Bike Shop?A It cannot meet the demand of the bike—share program.B Its customers have been drawn away by (被吸引⾛了)CitiBikes.C Its bike prices have to be lowered again and again.59. Why did Andrew Crooks think that the bike—share program would be difficult to execute(=implement)?A inexperienced riders might break biking rules.B Conflicts might arise among bike rental shops.C Traffic conditions might worsen in the downtown area.【解析】execute vt. carry out/put into practice/implement实/执⾏;处死/决60 . What is the general attitude(总体态度) of local bike shops towards Citi Bike?A Wait-and-see(等待并观望).B Negative(消极否定的).C Indifferent(漠不关⼼的).D Approving(认可的). Passage TwoQuestions 61to 65 are based on the following passage. 61-65 CBCAD(61)Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurableimprovements(带来显著提⾼) in learning. Between 1980 and 2008,staff and teachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift Limited Learning on College Campuses.A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don't have the skills they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.(62)Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of the skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.Public schools worked well until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. It was the under performing students who were threw out of public schools and went to private ones.(63)A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women had few options for working outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. They accepted relatively low pay, difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services. (64) Women's liberation opened up new professional(职业/专门的) opportunities for women, and, over time, some of the bestA Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.with private schools.C Little improvement in education has resulted from increased spending.D The number of students has increased much faster than that of teachers62. How do some people explain the decline in public education?A Government investment does not meet schools' needs.B Skilled students are moving to private schoolsC Qualified teachers are far from adequately paidD Training of students' basic skills is neglected.【解析】attribute … to…([?'tr?bju?t]=due to) 把……归因于……drain/dre?n/ n. flow out/consume/use up(资源/资⾦的) 外流; 消耗63. What was a significant contributor(重⼤的贡献/重要因素) to the past glory of public schools?A Well-behaved students.B Efficient administration.C Talented women teachers.D Generous pay for teachers.【解析】prominent['pr?m?n?nt]adj. obvious/excellent /remarkable /brilliant/outstanding/marked突出/显著/杰出/卓越的64. Why did some of the best women teachers leave teaching?A New career opportunities were made available to them by women's liberation.B Higher academic requirements made it difficult for them to stay in their jobs.C They were unhappy with the bureaucratic administration in their schools.D The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.65. What does the author think is one of the results of government involvement in education?A Increasing emphasis on theories of education.B Highly standardized teaching methods.C Students' improved academic performance.D An ever-growing number of administration(管理,监管).【解析】dictate vt.rule/set;规定,命令;指⽰;⼝述;听写第三套56—60BBCAD 61—65 BCBADPassage one56. The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments t’s tremendous impacts has only just begun.“Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, 57. and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,” Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book. The New Digital Age.58t’s that authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes — and more importantly predicts —59.and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the idea that “technology is neutral, but people aren’t.” By using this concept as a starting poin t, 60.the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy(对⽴观点)that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of theInternet,they’(监视).56、In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?A.It transforms human history.C.It is adopted by all humanity.D.It revolutionizes people's thinking.【解析】transformative developments[tr?ns'f?:m?tiv]⾰命性的发展57、How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?A.They are immeasurable.B.They are worldwide.C.They are unpredictable.D.They are contaminating.58、In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?A.It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.B.It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.C.It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.59、What will the future be like when everybody gets online?A.People will be living in two different realities.B.People will have equal access to information.C.Peop le don’t have to travel to see the world.D.People don’60、What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?A.They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.B.They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.C.They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.D.They don’t take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.Passage two61. In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage(抵押贷款)payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.62. Other members of the autoworker’s family, however might be less inclined to tried the present for the pastIn most stales, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.63. Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts(职位相当的⼈),white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working –class families.Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past.64spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.6561、What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?A.They had less job security than they do today.B.It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.C.Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.D.They were better off than workers in other industries.62、What does the author about retired people today?A.They invariably long to return to the golden past.B.They do not depend so much on social welfare.C.They feel more secure economically than in the past.D.They are usually unwilling to live with their children.【解析】 be less inclined to不倾向于,就不会那么想,更不想however might be less inclined to tried the present for the past.但是可能更倾向于尝试现在⽽不是过去. spouse/spa?s/n.couple/sexual partner 配偶vt. 和…结婚63、Why couldn’t black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood ?A.They lacked the means of transportation.B.They were subjected to racial inequality.C.They were afraid to break the law.D.They were too poor to afford it.64、What is the result of no-fault divorce ?A.Divorce is easier to obtain.B.Domestic violence is lessened.C.It causes little pain to either side.D.It contributes to social unrest.65 、What does the author suggest society do?A.Get prepared to face any new challenges.B.Try to better the current social security.C.Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.D.Improve the lives of families with problems。
2019年12月英语四级阅读理解习题及答案(二)
2019年12月英语四级阅读理解习题及答案(二)Video conferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera. Through the video conferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and physical (36) can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very (37) and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS(Plain Old Telephone Service) or the (38) behind bandwidth, latency and is corny which are used to explain how videoconferencing works. Good people communication is (39) __ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your (40) will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note (41) expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meetings are made more (42) __ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot (43) . (44) , organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to (45) __ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and stand and iced video conferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.A) FortunatelyB) effectiveC) imagesD) ANTICULATE) facialF) manageG) decsionsH) connectI) advancedJ) integrateK) progressiveL) conceptsM) picturesN) IncreasinglyO) important参考答案与解析:36.【解析】 C。
(全)大学英语四级真题,阅读理解长难句解析+翻译
大学英语四级真题,阅读理解长难句解析+翻译大学英语四级真题,阅读理解长难句,逐句解析。
Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence.乔治亚理工大学的Ashok Goel教授研发人工智能助教,以回答网课Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence上学生大量的问题。
大学英语四级长难句解析本句词法:help后出现了省略to的动词原形。
句法:本句只有主语,谓语,宾语,但是to help 后出现了动宾结构作宾语,其后,又有状语,故而将句子长度增加。
语义提取:注意,课程名称不必重新占用句子成分。
逻辑推理:本句位于文章之首,并非观点,而是描述事实,所以本文题材可以确定是说明文。
四级中说明文一般与解决问题相结合,提出问题,解决方法,是这类题目的重点。
本句,作用是交代背景。
This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Science program.在计算机科学课程中,这个网课是在线理科研究生的核心必修课。
2019年12月大学四级真题本句词法:of前面是名词,后面也是名词,整个是一个成分,虽然距离很长,但是作用简单。
句法:本句是简单句,只有主语谓语宾语。
语义提取:汉语状语前置。
逻辑推理:交代背景细节。
说明此课程的重要性。
Professor Goel already had 8 teaching assistants, but that wasn't enough to deal with the overwhelming number of questions from students. Goel教授已经有8个助教,但是不足以回复学生提出的大量问题。
最新2019年12月四级深度阅读真题详解
2019年12月四级深度阅读真题详解第一套Passage OneQuestion 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. 56-60 ACBDBChildren are a delight(=hapiness/joy). They are our future. (56)But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year.Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living. There are now large strip s(狭长地带) of the country where daycare for an infant(57)This is not necessarily a new trend,but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually(=in fact)are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices.So who's to blame for higher childcare costs?Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details. (58)And the stricter the regulation s, the higher the costs. If it(保育中心) has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money (通过压缩劳动力成本来省钱)when other expenses go up. (59) In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infant s, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infant s, the price of care averaged less than $5,000.Unfortunately, I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy. (60)elaborate, prices have risen. The tradeoff(交换(60)But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulate d(=rule/manage) South.56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face?A) The ever-rising childcare prices. B) The budgeting of family expenses.C) The balance between work and family. D) The selection of a good daycare center.57. What does the author feel puzzled about?A) Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.B) Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service.C) Why childcare workers' pay has not increased with the rising childcare costs.D) Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states.58. What prevents childcare centers from saving money?A) Steady increase in labor costs. B) Strict government regulations.C) Lack of support from the state. D) High administrative expenses.【解析】infant['ɪnfənt]n.baby/child 婴/幼儿;未成年人59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?A) The overall quality of service is not as good. B) Payments for caregivers there are not as high.D) Each teacher is allowed to care for more kids.60. What is the author’s view on daycare service?A)Caregivers should receive regular professional training. B) Less elaborate rules about children might lower costs. C) It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs. D) It is better for different states to learn from each other. 【解析】elaborate[ɪ'læbərət]adj. cdetailed/full精心制作/复杂/详尽/煞费苦心的Passage TwoQuestions 61-65 are based on the following passage. 61-65DDCBC(61)Alex Pang's amusing new book The Distraction Addiction (分心成瘾)addresses(v.向…讲话). And that, he claims,is pretty much all of us. When we're not online, where we spend four months annually, we're engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online.(62)The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book(并非励志类图书)overdose(过度使用) and a historical overview(历史性概述) of how technological advances(科技进步) change consciousness(意识). A “professional futurist”, Pang urges an approach which he calls “contemplative (沉思的” He asks that you pay full attention to “”(63)Pang's first job is to free you from the (常见的错误认识) that doing two things at once allows you to get more done(同时做两件事效率更高). multitasking(多重任务) is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented(有据可查的). Pang doesn't advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to “take a more ecological (生态的) view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life har der.”The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor—often for the worse. (64) “Architecture is first and foremost about thinking...and drawing is a more productive way of thinking”. Somewhat less amusing are Pang's solutions for kicking the Internet habit. (65)usual behavior-modification approaches(常见的行为矫正法) Keep logs to(记录下上网日志) study your online profile(上网概况) and decide what you can knock out(剔除), download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a “digital Sabbath(安息日)”: “Unless you're a reporter or emergency-department doctor, you'll discover that your world doesn't fall apart when you go offline.”61. Alex Pang's new book is aimed for readers who________.A) find their work online too stressful B) go online mainly for entertainment【解析】62. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?A) Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively. B) Warn people of the possible dangers of internet use.C) Predict the trend of future technological development. D) Examine the influence of technology on the human mind.63. What is the on multitasking?A) It enables people to work more efficiently. B) It is a way quite similar to switch-tasking.C) It makes people's work and life even harder. D) It distracts people's attention from useful work.64. What does the author think of ?A) It considerably cuts down the cost of building design. B) It somewhat restrains architects' productive thinking. C) It is indispensable in architects' work process. D) It can free architects from laborious drawing.【解析】restrain /rɪˈstreɪn/vt. restrict/control/stop/prevent抑/控制;约束;制止first and foremost/ˈfɔːˌməʊst/首先;首要地/的是productive thinking有成效的思维方式65. What is Ales Pang's for Internet users?A) They use the Internet as little as possible.C) They exercise self-control over their time online. D) They entertain themselves online on off-days only.【解析】keep logs to保存日志/聊天记录第二套Passage oneQuestions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.(1)New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more pedaling (骑车) passengers on those blazing blue Citi Bikes. But what about local bike shops? Is Citi Bike rolling up(increase) riders at their expense(在损害他们的利益/情况下)?(2)At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, a manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales(总销售额) due to(=as a result of) the bike-share program. "It's getting more people on the road" he said. (5)James Ryan, an employee at Danny's Cycles in Gramercy also said Citi Bike is a good option(=choice) for people to ease into biking in acity famed for its traffic jams and and aggressive(好斗的) driversRentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny's Cycles.(3) But for Frank's Bike Shop, a small business on Grand St., the bike-share program has been bad news. Owner Frank Arroyo said his rental business has decreased by 90% since the Citi Bikes were rolled out last month. Arroyo's main rental customers are European tourists, who have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes.However,(5) Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at his shop. "People have used the bike-share and realized how great it is to bike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer for themselves," he noted.(5) Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. just north of Christopher St., said initially(=at first) he was concerned about(=worried about)bike-share, though, he admitted, "I was happy to see people on bikes. "Ave.(4)"It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult to implement," Crooks said of Citi Bike. He said he worried about (be concerned about)inexperienced riders' lack of awareness(知道,认识) of biking rules andbacklash(强烈反对) from non-cyclists. However, he said, it's still too early to tell if his business has beenimpact ed(=influence).While it's possible bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks allowed that the idea is a positive step forward for New York City.56 . What is the author's chief concern about the increasing use of Citi Bikes in New York?A How non-cyclists will respond to it.B Whether local bike shops will suffer.C Whether local bike businesses will oppose it.D How the safety of bike riders can be ensured.57 . What happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of (due to)the bike-share program?A It found its bike sales unaffected.B It shifted its business to rentals.C It saw its bike sales on the rise.D It rented more bikes to tourists.58 . Why is the bike-share program bad news for Frank's Bike Shop?A It cannot meet the demand of the bike—share program.B Its customers have been drawn away by (被吸引走了)CitiBikes.C Its bike prices have to be lowered again and again.59. Why did Andrew Crooks think that the bike—share program would be difficult to execute(=implement)?A inexperienced riders might break biking rules.B Conflicts might arise among bike rental shops.C Traffic conditions might worsen in the downtown area.【解析】execute vt. carry out/put into practice/implement实/执行;处死/决60 . What is the general attitude(总体态度) of local bike shops towards Citi Bike?A Wait-and-see(等待并观望).B Negative(消极否定的).C Indifferent(漠不关心的).D Approving(认可的). Passage TwoQuestions 61to 65 are based on the following passage. 61-65 CBCAD(61)Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurableimprovements(带来显著提高) in learning. Between 1980 and 2008,staff and teachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift Limited Learning on College Campuses.A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don't have the skills they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.(62)Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of the skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.Public schools worked well until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. It was the under performing students who were threw out of public schools and went to private ones.(63)A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women had few options for working outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. They accepted relatively low pay, difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services. (64) Women's liberation opened up new professional(职业/专门的) opportunities for women, and, over time, some of the bestA Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.with private schools.C Little improvement in education has resulted from increased spending.D The number of students has increased much faster than that of teachers62. How do some people explain the decline in public education?A Government investment does not meet schools' needs.B Skilled students are moving to private schoolsC Qualified teachers are far from adequately paidD Training of students' basic skills is neglected.【解析】attribute … to…([ə'trɪbjuːt]=due to) 把……归因于……drain/dreɪn/ n. flow out/consume/use up(资源/资金的) 外流; 消耗63. What was a significant contributor(重大的贡献/重要因素) to the past glory of public schools?A Well-behaved students.B Efficient administration.C Talented women teachers.D Generous pay for teachers.【解析】prominent['prɒmɪnənt]adj. obvious/excellent /remarkable /brilliant/outstanding/marked突出/显著/杰出/卓越的64. Why did some of the best women teachers leave teaching?A New career opportunities were made available to them by women's liberation.B Higher academic requirements made it difficult for them to stay in their jobs.C They were unhappy with the bureaucratic administration in their schools.D The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.65. What does the author think is one of the results of government involvement in education?A Increasing emphasis on theories of education.B Highly standardized teaching methods.C Students' improved academic performance.D An ever-growing number of administration(管理,监管).【解析】dictate vt.rule/set;规定,命令;指示;口述;听写第三套56—60BBCAD 61—65 BCBADPassage one56. The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments t’s tremendous impacts has only just begun.“Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, 57. and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,” Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book. The New Digital Age.58t’s that authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes — and more importantly predicts —59.and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the idea that “technology is neutral, but people aren’t.” By using this concept as a starting poin t, 60.the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy(对立观点)that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of theInternet,they’(监视).56、In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?A.It transforms human history.C.It is adopted by all humanity.D.It revolutionizes people's thinking.【解析】transformative developments[træns'fɔ:mətiv]革命性的发展57、How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?A.They are immeasurable.B.They are worldwide.C.They are unpredictable.D.They are contaminating.58、In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?A.It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.B.It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.C.It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.59、What will the future be like when everybody gets online?A.People will be living in two different realities.B.People will have equal access to information.C.Peop le don’t have to travel to see the world.D.People don’60、What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?A.They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.B.They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.C.They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.D.They don’t take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.Passage two61. In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage(抵押贷款)payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.62. Other members of the autoworker’s family, however might be less inclined to tried the present for the pastIn most stales, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.63. Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts(职位相当的人),white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working –class families.Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. 64spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.6561、What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?A.They had less job security than they do today.B.It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.C.Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.D.They were better off than workers in other industries.62、What does the author about retired people today?A.They invariably long to return to the golden past.B.They do not depend so much on social welfare.C.They feel more secure economically than in the past.D.They are usually unwilling to live with their children.【解析】 be less inclined to不倾向于,就不会那么想,更不想however might be less inclined to tried the present for the past.但是可能更倾向于尝试现在而不是过去.spouse/spaʊs/n.couple/sexual partner 配偶vt. 和…结婚63、Why couldn’t black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood ?A.They lacked the means of transportation.B.They were subjected to racial inequality.C.They were afraid to break the law.D.They were too poor to afford it.64、What is the result of no-fault divorce ?A.Divorce is easier to obtain.B.Domestic violence is lessened.C.It causes little pain to either side.D.It contributes to social unrest.65 、What does the author suggest society do?A.Get prepared to face any new challenges.B.Try to better the current social security.C.Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.D.Improve the lives of families with problems。
2019年12月四级深度阅读真题详解
2019年12月四级深度阅读真题详解第一套Passage OneQuestion 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. 56-60 ACBDBChildren are a delight(=hapiness/joy). They are our future. (56)But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year.Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living. There are now large strip s(狭长地带) of the country where daycare for an infant(57)This is not necessarily a new trend,but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually(=in fact)are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices.So who's to blame for higher childcare costs?Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details. (58)And the stricter the regulation s, the higher the costs. If it(保育中心) has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money (通过压缩劳动力成本来省钱)when other expenses go up. (59) In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infant s, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infant s, the price of care averaged less than $5,000.Unfortunately, I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy. (60)elaborate, prices have risen. The tradeoff(交换(60)But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulate d(=rule/manage) South.56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face?A) The ever-rising childcare prices. B) The budgeting of family expenses.C) The balance between work and family. D) The selection of a good daycare center.57. What does the author feel puzzled about?A) Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.B) Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service.C) Why childcare workers' pay has not increased with the rising childcare costs.D) Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states.58. What prevents childcare centers from saving money?A) Steady increase in labor costs. B) Strict government regulations.C) Lack of support from the state. D) High administrative expenses.【解析】infant['ɪnfənt]n.baby/child 婴/幼儿;未成年人59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?A) The overall quality of service is not as good. B) Payments for caregivers there are not as high.D) Each teacher is allowed to care for more kids.60. What is the author’s view on daycare service?A)Caregivers should receive regular professional training. B) Less elaborate rules about children might lower costs. C) It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs. D) It is better for different states to learn from each other. 【解析】elaborate[ɪ'læbərət]adj. cdetailed/full精心制作/复杂/详尽/煞费苦心的Passage TwoQuestions 61-65 are based on the following passage. 61-65DDCBC(61)Alex Pang's amusing new book The Distraction Addiction (分心成瘾)addresses(v.向…讲话). And that, he claims,is pretty much all of us. When we're not online, where we spend four months annually, we're engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online.(62)The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book(并非励志类图书)overdose(过度使用) and a historical overview(历史性概述) of how technological advances(科技进步) change consciousness(意识). A “professional futurist”, Pang urges an approach which he calls “contemplative (沉思的” He asks that you pay full attention to “”(63)Pang's first job is to free you from the (常见的错误认识) that doing two things at once allows you to get more done(同时做两件事效率更高). multitasking(多重任务) is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented(有据可查的). Pang doesn't advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to “take a more ecological (生态的) view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life har der.”The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor—often for the worse. (64) “Architecture is first and foremost about thinking...and drawing is a more productive way of thinking”. Somewhat less amusing are Pang's solutions for kicking the Internet habit. (65)usual behavior-modification approaches(常见的行为矫正法) Keep logs to(记录下上网日志) study your online profile(上网概况) and decide what you can knock out(剔除), download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a “digital Sabbath(安息日)”: “Unless you're a reporter or emergency-department doctor, you'll discover that your world doesn't fall apart when you go offline.”61. Alex Pang's new book is aimed for readers who________.A) find their work online too stressful B) go online mainly for entertainment【解析】62. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?A) Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively. B) Warn people of the possible dangers of internet use.C) Predict the trend of future technological development. D) Examine the influence of technology on the human mind.63. What is the on multitasking?A) It enables people to work more efficiently. B) It is a way quite similar to switch-tasking.C) It makes people's work and life even harder. D) It distracts people's attention from useful work.64. What does the author think of ?A) It considerably cuts down the cost of building design. B) It somewhat restrains architects' productive thinking. C) It is indispensable in architects' work process. D) It can free architects from laborious drawing.【解析】restrain /rɪˈstreɪn/vt. restrict/control/stop/prevent抑/控制;约束;制止first and foremost/ˈfɔːˌməʊst/首先;首要地/的是productive thinking有成效的思维方式65. What is Ales Pang's for Internet users?A) They use the Internet as little as possible.C) They exercise self-control over their time online. D) They entertain themselves online on off-days only.【解析】keep logs to保存日志/聊天记录第二套Passage oneQuestions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.(1)New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more pedaling (骑车) passengers on those blazing blue Citi Bikes. But what about local bike shops? Is Citi Bike rolling up(increase) riders at their expense(在损害他们的利益/情况下)?(2)At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, a manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales(总销售额) due to(=as a result of) the bike-share program. "It's getting more people on the road" he said. (5)James Ryan, an employee at Danny's Cycles in Gramercy also said Citi Bike is a good option(=choice) for people to ease into biking in acity famed for its traffic jams and and aggressive(好斗的) driversRentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny's Cycles.(3) But for Frank's Bike Shop, a small business on Grand St., the bike-share program has been bad news. Owner Frank Arroyo said his rental business has decreased by 90% since the Citi Bikes were rolled out last month. Arroyo's main rental customers are European tourists, who have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes.However,(5) Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at his shop. "People have used the bike-share and realized how great it is to bike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer for themselves," he noted.(5) Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. just north of Christopher St., said initially(=at first) he was concerned about(=worried about)bike-share, though, he admitted, "I was happy to see people on bikes. "Ave.(4)"It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult to implement," Crooks said of Citi Bike. He said he worried about (be concerned about)inexperienced riders' lack of awareness(知道,认识) of biking rules andbacklash(强烈反对) from non-cyclists. However, he said, it's still too early to tell if his business has beenimpact ed(=influence).While it's possible bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks allowed that the idea is a positive step forward for New York City.56 . What is the author's chief concern about the increasing use of Citi Bikes in New York?A How non-cyclists will respond to it.B Whether local bike shops will suffer.C Whether local bike businesses will oppose it.D How the safety of bike riders can be ensured.57 . What happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of (due to)the bike-share program?A It found its bike sales unaffected.B It shifted its business to rentals.C It saw its bike sales on the rise.D It rented more bikes to tourists.58 . Why is the bike-share program bad news for Frank's Bike Shop?A It cannot meet the demand of the bike—share program.B Its customers have been drawn away by (被吸引走了)CitiBikes.C Its bike prices have to be lowered again and again.59. Why did Andrew Crooks think that the bike—share program would be difficult to execute(=implement)?A inexperienced riders might break biking rules.B Conflicts might arise among bike rental shops.C Traffic conditions might worsen in the downtown area.【解析】execute vt. carry out/put into practice/implement实/执行;处死/决60 . What is the general attitude(总体态度) of local bike shops towards Citi Bike?A Wait-and-see(等待并观望).B Negative(消极否定的).C Indifferent(漠不关心的).D Approving(认可的). Passage TwoQuestions 61to 65 are based on the following passage. 61-65 CBCAD(61)Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurableimprovements(带来显著提高) in learning. Between 1980 and 2008,staff and teachers at U.S. public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift Limited Learning on College Campuses.A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don't have the skills they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.(62)Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of the skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.Public schools worked well until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. It was the under performing students who were threw out of public schools and went to private ones.(63)A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women had few options for working outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. They accepted relatively low pay, difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services. (64) Women's liberation opened up new professional(职业/专门的) opportunities for women, and, over time, some of the bestA Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.with private schools.C Little improvement in education has resulted from increased spending.D The number of students has increased much faster than that of teachers62. How do some people explain the decline in public education?A Government investment does not meet schools' needs.B Skilled students are moving to private schoolsC Qualified teachers are far from adequately paidD Training of students' basic skills is neglected.【解析】attribute … to…([ə'trɪbjuːt]=due to) 把……归因于……drain/dreɪn/ n. flow out/consume/use up(资源/资金的) 外流; 消耗63. What was a significant contributor(重大的贡献/重要因素) to the past glory of public schools?A Well-behaved students.B Efficient administration.C Talented women teachers.D Generous pay for teachers.【解析】prominent['prɒmɪnənt]adj. obvious/excellent /remarkable /brilliant/outstanding/marked突出/显著/杰出/卓越的64. Why did some of the best women teachers leave teaching?A New career opportunities were made available to them by women's liberation.B Higher academic requirements made it difficult for them to stay in their jobs.C They were unhappy with the bureaucratic administration in their schools.D The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.65. What does the author think is one of the results of government involvement in education?A Increasing emphasis on theories of education.B Highly standardized teaching methods.C Students' improved academic performance.D An ever-growing number of administration(管理,监管).【解析】dictate vt.rule/set;规定,命令;指示;口述;听写第三套56—60BBCAD 61—65 BCBADPassage one56. The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments t’s tremendous impacts has only just begun.“Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, 57. and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,” Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book. The New Digital Age.58t’s that authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes — and more importantly predicts —59.and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the idea that “technology is neutral, but people aren’t.” By using this concept as a starting poin t, 60.the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy(对立观点)that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of theInternet,they’(监视).56、In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?A.It transforms human history.C.It is adopted by all humanity.D.It revolutionizes people's thinking.【解析】transformative developments[træns'fɔ:mətiv]革命性的发展57、How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?A.They are immeasurable.B.They are worldwide.C.They are unpredictable.D.They are contaminating.58、In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?A.It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.B.It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.C.It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.59、What will the future be like when everybody gets online?A.People will be living in two different realities.B.People will have equal access to information.C.Peop le don’t have to travel to see the world.D.People don’60、What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?A.They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.B.They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.C.They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.D.They don’t take sides in analyzing the effects of the Internet.Passage two61. In 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage(抵押贷款)payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings.62. Other members of the autoworker’s family, however might be less inclined to tried the present for the pastIn most stales, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.63. Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts(职位相当的人),white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working –class families.Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. 64spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.6561、What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?A.They had less job security than they do today.B.It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.C.Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.D.They were better off than workers in other industries.62、What does the author about retired people today?A.They invariably long to return to the golden past.B.They do not depend so much on social welfare.C.They feel more secure economically than in the past.D.They are usually unwilling to live with their children.【解析】 be less inclined to不倾向于,就不会那么想,更不想however might be less inclined to tried the present for the past.但是可能更倾向于尝试现在而不是过去.spouse/spaʊs/n.couple/sexual partner 配偶vt. 和…结婚63、Why couldn’t black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood ?A.They lacked the means of transportation.B.They were subjected to racial inequality.C.They were afraid to break the law.D.They were too poor to afford it.64、What is the result of no-fault divorce ?A.Divorce is easier to obtain.B.Domestic violence is lessened.C.It causes little pain to either side.D.It contributes to social unrest.65 、What does the author suggest society do?A.Get prepared to face any new challenges.B.Try to better the current social security.C.Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.D.Improve the lives of families with problems。
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)及参考答案完整版
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案完整版(第一套)Part I Writing (25minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】Dear,I am delighted to hear that you are going to study in a Chinese university. Since you have asked for my advice about choosing which university I will try to give you some useful suggestions hereIt is well known that Peking University is a great place to lean. There are several factors accounting for this choice and the following are the most typical ones. First and foremost, Peking University is one of the top universities in China and the birthplace of many great minds. Therefore, it can provide high-quality teaching resources, which is essential for a foreign learner. In addition, Beijing is the capital of China and there are various historic buildings. They provide foreign students to know Chinese culture and historyI hope you will find these suggestions helpful and wish you all the best!Yours,Li Ming 【参考译文】亲爱的露丝:得知你要来中国的大学学习,我很高兴。
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案解析
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案解析(1/1)Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions : For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a place to him. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words.______________下一题(1~2/共25题)Part ⅡListening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.News report onePlay00:0003:28VolumeQuestions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.第1题A.A wandering cow was captured by the police.B.Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.C.A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.D.Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.第2题A.It became a great attraction for tourists.B.It found its way back to the park’s zoo.C.It was shot to death by a police officer.D.It was sent to the animal control department.上一题下一题(3~4/共25题)Part ⅡListening Comprehension(25 minutes)News report twoPlay00:0001:50VolumeQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.第3题A.It is the largest of its kind.B.It is staring an online exhibition.C.It is going to be expanded.D.It is displaying more fossil specimens.第4题A.A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B.Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.C.Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.D.Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.上一题下一题(5~7/共25题)Part ⅡListening Comprehension(25 minutes)News report threePlay00:0002:32VolumeQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.第5题A.Amuse visitors.B.Deliver messages.C.Pick up trash.D.Play with children.第6题A.They ar e children’s favorite.B.They are especially intelligent.C.They are clean and pretty.D.They are quite easy to tame.第7题A.Children may overfeed the rooks.B.Children may contract bird diseases.C.Children may be harmed by the rooks.D.Children may be tempted to drop litter.上一题下一题(8~11/共25题)Part ⅡListening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation 1Play00:0003:32VolumeQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.第8题A.It will cover different areas of science.B.It will be hosted by famous professors.C.It will be produced at Harvard University.D.It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.第9题A.It will be more futuristic.B.It will be more entertaining.C.It will be more systematic.D.It will be easier to understand.第10题A.Youngsters eager to explore.B.Students majoring in science.C.Children in their early teens.D.People interested in science.第11题A.Provide financial support.B.Offer professional advice.C.Help promote it on the Internet.D.Make episodes for its first season.上一题下一题(12~15/共25题)Part ⅡListening Comprehension(25 minutes)Conversation 2Play00:0003:11VolumeQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.第12题A.Unsure.B.Helpless.C.Dissatisfied.D.Concerned.第13题A.He loses heart when faced with setbacks.B.He is too concerned with being perfect.C.He takes on projects beyond his ability.D.He is too ambitious in achieving goals.第14题A.Embarrassed.B.Unconcerned.C.Resentful.D.Miserable.第15题pare his present with his past only.B.Try to be optimistic whatever happens.C.Always learn from others’ achievements.D.Treat others the way he would be treated.上一题下一题(16~18/共25题)Part ⅡListening Comprehension(25 minutes)Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearthree or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage onePlay00:0003:52VolumeQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.第16题A.They have greater potential to be leaders.B.They are more likely to become engineers.C.They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.D.They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.第17题A.Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B.Insist that boys and girls work together more.C.Respond more positively to boys’ comments.D.Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.第18题A.Pay extra attention to top students.B.Provide a variety of optional courses.C.Place great emphasis on test scores.D.Offer personalized teaching materials.上一题下一题(19~21/共25题)Part ⅡListening Comprehension(25 minutes)Passage twoPlay00:0002:40VolumeQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.第19题A.It seldom rains in summer time.B.It does not rain as much as people think.C.It often rains cats and dogs.D.It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.第20题A.The rain is usually very light.B.They have got used to the rain.C.The rain comes mostly at night.D.They drive most of the time.第21题A.It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.B.It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.C.It has never seen thunder and lighting.D.It has a lot of places for entertainment.上一题下一题(22~25/共25题)Part ⅡListening Comprehension(25 minutes)Passage threePlay00:0003:49VolumeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.第22题A.It results from exerting one s muscles continuously.B.It oceurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.C.It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D.It comes from straining one´s muscles in an unusual way第23题A.They gradually become fragmented.B.They begin to make repairs immediately.C.Body movements in the affected area become difficult.D.Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.第24题A.About one week.B.About ten days.C.About four weeks.D.About two days.第25题A.Take pain-killers.B.Have a hot shower.C.Drink plenty of water.D.Apply muscle creams.上一题下一题(26~35/共30题)Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in individual - had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented. 29 informationabout the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore , these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.Prior to the new study. litter was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the US. 34 side of a person infected with flu, as well as those sitting one roe in font of or behind this individual, had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.A) accurate B) conclusion C) directly D) eitherE) evaluate F) explorations G) flights H) largelyI) nearby J) respond K) slim L) spreadM) summit N) vividly O) vulnerable第26题【26】____第27题【27】____第28题【28】____第29题【29】____第30题【30】____第31题【31】____第32题【32】____第33题【33】____第34题【34】____第35题【35】____上一题下一题(36~45/共30题)Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its ownA) Getting around a city is one thing - and then there’s the matter of getting from one city toanother. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel.In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to of fer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”B) “The 18th century really was a waterborne (水运的) century, the 19th century a rail century. the 20th century a highway, car, truck century一and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,”Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda’s prime examples. It has existed for just a few years.“ From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,”says Kasada. “The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport.”C) Songdo is a stone’s throw from South Korea’s Incheon Airport, its main international hub (枢纽). But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district”doesn’t mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived (构想) this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,”he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park’s baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36.000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea, There’s a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.D) Chances are you’ve actually se en this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come ou of South Korea. “Gangnam Style” refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.“I don’t know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London’s Bartlett School of Planning, “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it’s new and nice.”E) The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But hat’s not how it has turned out. Songdo’s reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there’s a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there’s a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven--all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.F) The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers -- even in the middle of the day. when it’s 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Koreancity 一more popular as a residential area than a business one. It’s not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. “It’s a great place to live. And it’s becoming a great place to work,”says Scott Summers, the vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company’s offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering (闪烁的) glass towers line the canal’s edge.G) “What’s happen ed is, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, which enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here,” he says. “There needs to be strong economic incentives.” The city is still unfin ished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn’t feel all that futuristic. There’s a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody’s television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.H) But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I’m, like, in prison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her 20s. She doesn’t want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I’m prison-breaking on Friday nights.” But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There’s no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.I) The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated. too. Park says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It’s a good car now. But we’re waiting for a good driver to accelerate.” But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companiesJ) Songdo’s backers contend that it’s still early, and business space is filling up-about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utop ian (乌托邦的) cities in history. And the reason we don’t know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely.”In other words, when it comes to cities-or anything else-it is hard to predict the future.第36题Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction._______第37题The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations._______第38题A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo._______第39题Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there._______第40题Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor._______第41题Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be._______第42题Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace. _______第43题A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation._______第44题Acording to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what happen in the future._______第45题Park Yeon So. Who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city._______上一题下一题(46~50/共30题)Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税)1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages-including low- and no-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokesw oman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are alreadyhearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.第46题What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?A.It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.B.It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C.It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.D.It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.第47题What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?A.Bargain with the city council.B.Refuse to pay additional tax.C.Take legal action against it.D.Try to win public support.第48题What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?A.It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.B.It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.C.It kept sending letters of protest to the media.D.It criticized the measure through advertising.第49题What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A.Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.B.Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C.Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D.Benefit low-income people across the country.第50题What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?A.They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B.They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C.They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D.They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.上一题下一题(51~55/共30题)Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by。
2019年12月大学英语四级考试阅读讲义(四十八)
2019年12月大学英语四级考试阅读讲义(四十八)Unit 21Part II Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance(异乎寻常地). In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europeand Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old wayof life for a radically new survival strategy that resultedin widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.考试大As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this weekto ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientistsare in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past—and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet’s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of year.Most important, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn ofprimates(灵长目动物)some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign(宜人的)global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 years—during which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared—is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern or climate change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future—even without the influence of human activity.21. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged .A) to give up his former way of lifeB) to leave the coastal areasC) to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD) to abandon his original settlement考试大24. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate .A) is going through a fundamental changeB)has been getting warmer for 10,000 yearsC) will eventually change from hot to coldD) has gone through periodical change23. Scientists believe that human evolution .A) has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB) has exerted little influence on climatic changesC) has largely been effected by climatic changesD) has had a major impact on climatic changes24. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that .A) human activities have accelerated changes of Earth’s environmentB) Earth’s environment will remain mild despite human interference。
2019年12月英语四级阅读真题
2019年12月英语四级阅读真题选词填空Part ⅢSection A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollutioncosts the global economy more than $5 trillion annually inwelfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industryand transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics andEvaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“On of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, overwhich individuals have little 31 ,” 3233 experience dangerouslevels of outdoor air pollution. But the problem is not limited 34to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S.as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, wherediesel(柴油) 35A)ability B)associated C)consciously D)constantE)control F)damage G)described H)equals I)exclusivelyJ)innovated K)regularly L)relates M)sourcesN)undermine O)vehicles答案:26. F damage (损害) 27. B associated (与……有联系)28. M sources (来源) 29. D constant (不断的,常存在的) 30.G described (描述) 31. E control (控制) 32. H equals (等同于)33. K regularly (经常地) 34. I exclusively (仅仅,唯一地) 35.O vehicles (车辆)解析:26. F damage空格所在句子的含义为:空气污染每年在福利费用方面给全球经济造成5万多亿损失,最大的... ...发生在发展中国家。
2019年12月最新大学英语四级(cet-4)阅读冲刺独家资料-98页文档资料
大学英语四级阅读冲刺独家资料——黄涛Part IV深度阅读(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)选词填空做题步骤和技巧:~1.羞15仝望词,”............................,..,.....,..,....................,..一O2.回到压文,边读边做题,,。
3.选词依据是____ 。
4.注意一致性:____ 。
5.不选望词的特点。
SectionA :' .Questions 47 t0 56 are based on the following::passage.. .' .Some'years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travelthrough Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly 47 to know myway around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was 48 to a littlecollege French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, 49 unfamiliar with localgeography or transportation systems, set up 50 and do research? It seemed impossible, andwith considerable(相当大的) si i sat down to write a letter begging off(请求不去).Halfway through, a thought ran through(掠过) my mind: you can't leam if you don't try. So Iaccepted the assignment.There were some bad 52 . But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experiencedtraveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places,without guides or even 53 bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _54 . But each time you trysomething, you leam, and as the leaming piles up, the world opens to you.I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a _55 . And I know I'II go ondoing such things. It's not because I am braver or more daring than others. I am not. But I'llaccept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe Ican _56 wonders.A) accomplish B) advancedC) balloonD) claim E) constantlyF) declareG) interviews H) limited I) manufactureJ) moments K) news L) reducedM) regret N) scary ' O) totally四级快速阅读方法:1.先看题干,然后找出信号词,.2.按段阅读,按段做题,快速查找出题的句子,并理解句义;、3.回到题目,挑出正确答案。
2019年12英语四级答案公布【三套完整版】
【导语】2019年12⽉英语四级考试已结束,四六级频道在考后特别整理了2019年12英语四级答案(三套完整版),仅供⼤家参考,祝⼤家顺利通过六级考试!温馨提⽰:考试采取“多题多卷”模式,试题顺序不统⼀,请依据试题进⾏核对。
作⽂(写作)(共三套,忽略套数,只核对内容)第⼀套Dear Tom,On hearing that you are planning to teach English in China and ask me to recommend a city, I'd like to recommend our capital city, Beijing, an international metropolis.The reasons why I recommend Beijing can be listed as follows. First of all, there are a lot of English-speaking foreigners in Beijing, which helps you adapt to life here very quickly. Furthermore, as the capital of several dynasties, Beijing has a profound cultural background, so you can better experience the extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture. Most importantly, parents in Beijing, an international metropolis with many multinational companies, attach great importance to their children's English learning and many people who work in multinational companies also need to learn English.I truly hope that you can come to Beijing to start your teaching life and I'm looking forward to your arrival. If you have any question about the city, please feel free to contact me for further information.Yours sincerely,Li Ming第⼆套Dear Tom,On hearing that you are planning to learn Chinese in China and ask me to recommend a place, I'd like to recommend our capital city, Beijing, an international metropolis.I recommend Beijing to you because of the following reasons. First of all, there are a lot of English-speaking foreigners in Beijing, which helps you adapt to life here very quickly. Furthermore, as the capital of several dynasties, Beijing has a profound cultural background, so you can better experience the extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture. Last but not least, with many people understand and master both Chinese and English, Beijing has a good bilingual atmosphere. It is good for you to improve your Chinese. You could communicate with local people in Chinese as much as possible because practice makes perfect.I truly hope that you can come to Beijing and learn Chinese here. I'm looking forward to your arrival. If you have any question about the city, please feel free to contact me for further information.Yours sincerely, Li Ming第三套Dear Tom,I was so delighted to receive the letter from you. On hearing that you are planning to study in China, I decide to write youa letter to recommend a university. My recommendation is Xiamen University, which is one of the most outstanding universities in China.The reasons why I recommend this university can be listed as follows. First of all, Xiamen University is located in a coastal city, Xiamen, which has beautiful and attractive seaside scenery. If you study here, you can have a walk and breathe the fresh air at the end of the day's study. How comfortable and enjoyable! More importantly, Xiamen University has a high reputation for its academic contributions to China and the world.I truly hope that you can come to Xiamen University to start your college life and I am looking forward to your arrival. If you are interested in my recommendation and want to know more detail about the university, please feel free to contact me. Yours sincerelyLI Ming听⼒(共两套,忽略套数,只核对内容)第⼀套Section A: 1-71. D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. D) It was sent to the animal control department.3. B) It is going to be expanded4. C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia5. A) Pick up trash.6. A) They are especially intelligent.7. B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.Section B: 8-158. C) It will cover different areas of science.9. C) It will be more entertaining.10. A) People interested in science.11. B) Provide financial support.12. D) Dissatisfied13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect。
2019年12月英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(第一套)详细版
大学英语四级真题试卷及详细答案一(完整版)目录大学英语四级真题详细答案(完整版) (1)大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版) (42)快速对答案 (56)大学英语四级真题详细答案(完整版)Part I Writing (25 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2019年12月英语四级真题答案解析(第三套)
2019年12月英语四级真题答案解析(第三套)选词填空信息匹配仔细阅读翻译写作26: B admiring27: M sealed28: I natural29: C contains30: K released31: L revealing32: 0 substance33: G liquid34: evidence35: potential36:F段落第一句: The city is no empty37:Ⅰ段落第一句: Park Yeon See, the man who first i38:D段落第一句: Chances are you' ve actually seen th39:G段落第一句:“What' s happened is that our focus on 40:B段落第一句:Thel8 th century really was a water41:E段落第一句: The city was supposed to be a hub fo42:Ⅱ段落第一句: But this is not star trek43:A段落第一句: Getting around a city is one thing- an44:了段落第一句: Songdo’s backers contend that it's st 45:C段落第一句: Songdo is a stone' s throw from Sout 46-50:教材的命运46、C)They cant connect professors and students as textbooks do47、D) Falling sales48、A) Reform its structures49、C)Answer questions using their personal experience50、B)They can learn in an interactive way51-55:新型物种51、D)It gets energy from both food and sunlight52、A)The genes it captures from the sea plant algae53、D)They can produce chlorophyll on their own54、C)They don't usually function inside animal cells55、B)They can survive for months without eating卷三中国家庭姓氏中国汉族人的全名由姓和名。
2019年12月四级阅读真题及答案.doc
2019 年12 月四级阅读真题及答案2011 年12 月四级阅读真题及答案Section AWith the world ’s population estimated to grow from sixto nine billion by 2050, researchers, businesses andgovernments are already dealing with the impact this increasewill have on everything from food and water to infrastructurean jobs. Underlying all this 47________ will be the demandfor energy, which is expected to double over the next 40years.Finding the resources to meet this demand in a48________, sustainable way is the cornerstone of ournation ’s energy security, and will be one of the m ajor49________ of the 21st century. Alternative forms of energy --- bio-fuels, wind and solar, to name a few --- are50________ being funded and developed, and will play agrowing 51________ in the world ’s energy supply. But expertssay that, even when 52________, alternative energy sourceswill likely meet only about 30% of the world ’s energy needsby 2050.For example, even with 53________ investments, such asthe $93 million for wind energy development 54________ in theAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act, important alternativeenergy sources such as wind and bio-fuels 55________ onlyabout 1% of the market today.Energy and sustainability experts say the answer to our future energy needs will likely come from a lot of 56________ --- both traditional and alternative.A stableB solutionsC significantD roleE progressF marvelousG includedH growthI exactlyJ consistK comprise L competitions M combined N challenges O certainly查看参考答案47. N) challenges48. A) stable49. E) progress50. O) certainly51. D) role52. M) combined53. C) significant54. G) included55. K) comprise56. B) solutionsSection BPassage OneBoys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involvedin activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, the US study says.Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities thathelped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading andwriting with specifically "boy-focused" approaches such asthemes and characters that appeal to them. Because boysgenerally have more acute vision, learn best through touch,and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys inmixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boyswould feel they had to conform to a stereotype that menshould be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "Inmixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men beforethey understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported.57. The author believes that a single-sex school would_____________________.A force boys to hide their emotions to be “real man ”B help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boysC encourage boys to express their emotions more freelyD naturally reinforce in boys that traditional image ofa man58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed schools boys____________________.A perform relatively betterB grow up more healthilyC behave more responsiblyD receive a better education59. What does Tony Little say about the Britisheducation system?A It fails more boys than girls academicallyB Itfocuses more on mixed school educationC It fails to give boys the attention they needD It places more pressure on boys than on girls60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is ______________.A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristicsof boysB boys can focus on their lessons without being distractedC boys can choose to learn whatever they are interestedinD teaching can be designed to promote boys ’team spirit61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James ’report?A They enjoy being in chargeB They conform to stereotypesC They have sharper visionD They are violent and sexistPassage TwoIt's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, orthe roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I saythat you only live once and we work hard and what's the pointif you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year –we just won't go.Since money is known to be one of the things most likelyto bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful.For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said theywere arguing more with their partners because of concernsabout money. What's less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession –financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable.A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterized by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved,and made men, more than women, extremely angry.Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, whichmay be different things to men and women. "People can say the same things about money but have different conceptions ofwhat it is for," he explains. "They will say it's to save, tospend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them" He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they'veachieved something."The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances, but they don't.There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about moneythan talking about death. But you both need to know what youare doing, who is paying what into the joint account and howmuch you keep separately. In a healthy relationship you don'thave to agree about money, but you have to talk about it."62. What does the author say about vacationing?A People enjoy it all the more during a recessionB Few people can afford it without working hardC It makes all the hard work worthwhileD It is the chief cause of family disputes63. What does the author mean by saying “money is known⋯to bring a relationship to its knees ”(Line 1 Para.2)?A Money is considered to be the root of all evilsB Some people sacrifice their dignity for moneyC Few people can resist the temptation of moneyD Disputes over money may ruin a relationship64. The YouGov poll of 2000 people indicates that in a recession _________________.A conflicts between couples tend to riseB it is more expensive for couples to split upC couples show more concern for each otherD divorce and separation rates increase65. What does Kim Stephenson believe?A Money is often a symbol of a person ’s statusB Money means a great deal to both men and womenC Men and women spend money on different thingsD Men and women view money in different ways66. The author suggests at the end of the passage thatcouples should ________________A put their money together instead of keeping itseparatelyB make efforts to reach agreement on their familybudgetsC discuss money matters to maintain a healthyrelationshipD avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic参考答案57. C) encourage boys to express their emotions morefreely58. A) perform relatively better59. C) It fails to give boys the attention they need 。
2019年大学生英语四级真题解析六套全高清版
2019年⼤学⽣英语四级真题解析六套全⾼清版2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第1套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) On a volunteer activity held by our Student Union,35students paid a visit to theZhongxin Commu-nity and helped the elderly people in the neighborhood this Friday.Social isolation and loneliness among older adults is a serious problem and has been exacerbated as an increasing number of young people choose to leave home and work in big cities.Hence,older adults may be at highest risk for becoming socially isolated during the period when they live alone.For this rea-son,the volunteers taught older adults to grasp the knowledge about social media such as Wechat and QQ,through which they can communicate with their families.What s more,many elders just want someone to talk to,which is especially true if they live alone.The volunteers also spent much time with the senior,talking and making them feel loved and cared for.In conclusion,aging can be a difficult time for many people:they may feel lonely,have financial stress or medicalissues.However,the volunteers in our school have made their own contribution,by ai-ding them with basic tasks and boosting their spirits.PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5AABDC6-10BDCAB11-15ACDBD16-20CBADB21-25CDCABPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30HAGDI31-35NJEBKSection B36-40IGDNA41-45KHFMCSection CPassage One46-50ABBACPassage Two51-55BADDCPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?Boasting a history of more than2,000years,paper cutting is a unique form of Chinese folk arts.It was probably originated from the Han Dynasty after the invention of paper.Since then,it has gained pop-ularity in many parts of China.The materials and tools used for paper-cutting are simple:paper and scis-sors.Red paper is usually used in paper-cut works,because the color is associated with happiness in tra-ditional Chinese culture.Therefore,red paper-cut is a preferable decoration for doors and windows in wedding ceremonies,the Spring Festival and other festive occasions.2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第2套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) On a volunteer activity held by our Student Union,30students majoring in Agricultural Studies paid a visit to the local farm in the northeast part of Jilin province and gave a hand to the farmers there on June 15th.As Jilin province suffers a record drought these days,a large part of the surface of the farm is arid. Hence,the volunteers helped the farmers by irrigating the crops such as cucumbers,tomatoes,cabbages, etc.What s more,these volunteers also taught the local farmers how to take care of the domestic animals by using different strategies and responses as rising temperatures also make them tough.The farmers ex-pressed their gratitude for the volunteers help and spoke highly of capabilities and the virtues shown by the volunteers.In conclusion,without fearing any hardship,all the volunteers have displayed the spirit of hardwork-ing and interdependence in the activity.After experiencing a meaningful day,they not only made their own contributions to the local farm but also have applied what they have learned into practice. PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5BDCAD6-10BDDCB11-15ABCDA16-20CDBAB21-25ADCABPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30GMALC31-35FJOIESection B36-40ELHFA41-45JGNDISection CPassage One46-50CDDDDPassage Two51-55ACABDPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?With a history of over2,000years,lion dancing is a form of traditional folk art in China.During the dancing,two lion dancers perform inside of a lion costume,with one controlling head while the other controlling the body and tail.They mimic a lion s movements in a lion costume with skillful coopera-tion.People perform lion dances during the Spring Festival or other festivals because in the Chinese cul-ture,the lion,king of animals,symbolizes happiness and fortune.Lion dancing can also be seen on many other important occasions such as the opening ceremony of a shop and the wedding ceremony to of-ten attract many people.2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第3套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Last Tuesday,a group of volunteers of our university actively attended the visit to a Hope elementa-ry school,which was organized by the Student Union and aimed to send donations and care to the chil-dren in the poverty-stricken area.In the morning,the lovely children extended warm welcome to our volunteers.Upon arriving at the elementaryschool,volunteers could not wait to donate the books,stationeries and clothes collected a-mong students within our university before the visit.Pupils there were especially excited to receive the books to which they had no access before.Then,the rest of day was filled with recreational activities. They played games,sang songs and danced,spending a happy day together.The voluntary visit was really significant.Not only did it enrich the university life but also the vol-unteers made contributions to the society.More voluntary activities can be organized in the future. PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes)说明:由于2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听⼒三本套的听⼒内容与第⼆套的⼀样,只是选项次序不⼀样,因此本套真题中不再重复出现三PartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30CIKJA31-35BOGFMSection B36-40HEGBK41-45FIHJGSection CPassage One46-50DCCDAPassage Two51-55BCABDPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?Lanterns originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and were originally mainly usedfor lighting.In the Tang Dynasty,people used red lanterns to celebrate a peaceful life.From then on,lanterns had become popular in many places of/doc/bf2042082.htmlnterns are usually made of thin paper with bright colors and have dif-ferent shapes and sizes.In traditional Chinese culture,red lanterns symbolize happy life and booming business and are usually hung up during festivals,such as Spring Festival,Lantern Festival and National Day.Nowadays,red lanterns can also be seen in many places of the world.2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第1套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Dear John,How is everything going?Hearing that you plan to learn Chinese,I am writing to you to recommend a university where you can learn Chinese well.What I want to recommend is Peking University which is a prestigious university suitable for language learning in China.The reasons why I recommend this university are as follows.To start with,as a famous university, Peking University owns the top-ranking teachers and the best facilities and is able to provide you with professional guidance and systematic training in Chinese learning.In addition,located in the capital of China,Peking University is surrounded with the strong historical and cultural atmosphere.Therefore,not only can you experience the profound Chinese culture,but also you will get in touch with those who speak the most standard Mandarin.In a word,I recommend you to learn Chinese at Peking University and welcome you to have a visit to Beijing.I will offer help if you need.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Ming PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5ADBCD6-10ACCAB11-15ACDAB16-20DBABD21-25ACBCAPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30BMICK31-35LOGEJSection B36-40EICGK41-45FBJDHSection CPassage One46-50BCADCPassage Two51-55CBBADPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?China s family values are related to its cultural traditions.A harmonious family used to be the envy of other people.In the past,it was not rare that a family of four generations live under one roof.Because of this heritage,many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage.However,this tra-dition is changing today.With the improvement of housing conditions,a growing number of young cou-ples choose to live separately from their parents but their connection remains close.Many seniors still help look after their grandchildren and young couples also take time to visit their parents,especially dur-ing important festivals such as the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第2套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Dear James,With China s growing influence around the world,the number of people learning Chinese as a sec-ond foreign language has also surged in these years.I heard that you have been extremely keen on learn-ing Chinese recently but have encountered certain setbacks in the process of learning.Therefore,I would like to recommend a place for you to learn Chinese:the LondonConfucius Institute.There are three reasons for this recommendation.First,the London Confucius Institute possesses top teaching resources.As one of the earliest established Confucius Institutes in the UK,it provides a wide range of courses covering both language training and Chinese culture appreciation.Second,it offers mul-tiple scholarship programs for outstanding students.Third,it is close to where you live.If you take sub-way,you can get to the London Confucius Institute in just20minutes.I think the London Confucius Institute is a perfect place for you to embark on the journey of learning Chinese.If you are interested,you can go there and check it out yourself.Good luck with learning Chi-nese!Sincerely,Li Hua PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5DDBCA6-10ABCCA11-15BDACB16-20CDACB21-25DDABCPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30OADCG31-35HKNEFSection B36-40EIBGD41-45JAFCHSection CPassage One46-50CDACBPassage Two51-55DADCBPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?The full name of China s Han people consists of a family name and a given name.One feature of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first,followed by the given name.For thousands of years,the father s family name has been passed on from generation to generation.However,it is not uncommon now for a child to have the mother s familyname.Generally speaking,a given name con-tains one or two Chinese characters,which usually carry the parents expectations for the child.There-fore,it can be inferred from the name what kind of person the parents expect their child to be,or what kind of life to live.Parents attach great importance to naming their children because names usually go with them for a whole life.2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第3套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Dear Tom,I am glad to receive your letter in which you showed great interest in teaching English in China.Ac-tually,China is fast becoming a hub of English learners and in my opinion teaching English in Shanghai should be your next move.To begin with,you can have a fun-filled and satisfying life by teaching Chinese students in Shang-hai.Parents in Shanghai are more than willing to pay handsomely for their children s adequate language proficiency that can help them in getting higher education in international universities.What s more, Shanghai is a city rich in spectacular views and longhistory,blending Western and Eastern traditions, and being infused with modern culture and arts.Outside the classroom,you ll be able to fully immerse yourself in exploring the city.Whether you wish to see the impressive wooden pagodas or the ancient towns,to sample the aromatic cuisine or to meet the friendly locals,you ll have ample free time to enjoy all that Shanghai has offered.Therefore,I think you can take advantage of the opportunity to build a teaching career in Shanghai.Yours sincerely,Li Ming PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes)说明:由于2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听⼒三本套的听⼒内容与第⼆套的⼀样,只是选项次序不⼀样,因此本套真题中不再重复出现三PartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30BLKAO31-35CEGDHSection B36-40FIDGB41-45EHAJCSection CPassage One46-50BCDBAPassage Two51-55DABACPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?Chinese families attach great importance to children s education.Many parents think that they should work hard to guarantee their kids good education.They are not only willing to invest in their children s education but also spend much time in supervising their study.Most parents hope that their children can be admitted into a prestigious university.Owing to China s reform and opening-up,more and more parents can afford their kids study in a foreign country or an international exchange program, which will broaden their horizon.Through all these efforts,they expect their children to grow up healthi-ly and contribute to the nation s development and prosperity.。
2019年12月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(三套全)
2019年12月四级真题及答案(全三套)第一套Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer. B) It found its way back to the park’s zoo.C) It became a great attraction for tourists. D) It was sent to the animal control department. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It is the largest of its kind. B) It is going to be expanded.C) It is displaying more fossil specimens. D) It is staring an online exhibition.4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia. B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia. D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Pick up trash. B) Amuse visitors.C) Deliver messages. D) Play with children.6. A) They are especially intelligent. B) They are children’s favorite.C) They are quite easy to tame. D) They are clean and pretty.7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks. B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.C) Children may contract bird diseases. D) Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University. B) It will be hosted by famous professors.C) It will cover different areas of science. D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A) It will be more futuristic. B) It will be more systematic.C) It will be more entertaining. D) It will be easier to understand.10. A) People interested in science. B) Youngsters eager to explore.C) Children in their early teens. D) Students majoring in science.11. A) Offer professional advice. B) Provide financial support.C) Help promote it on the Internet. D) Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Unsure. B) Helpless. C) Concerned. D) Dissatisfied.13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect. B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals. D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A) Embarrassed. B) Unconcerned. C) Miserable. D) Resentful.15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens. B) Compare his present with his past only.C) Always learn from others’ achievements.D) Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C) They are more likely to become engineers.D) They have greater potential to be leaders.17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.D) Respond more positively to boys’ comments.18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials. B) Provide a variety of optional courses.C) Place great emphasis on test scores. D) Pay extra attention to top students. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It often rains cats and dogs. B) It seldom rains in summer time.C) It does not rain as much as people think. D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A) They drive most of the time. B) The rain is usually very light.C) They have got used to the rain. D) The rain comes mostly at night.21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B) It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D) It comes from staining one’s muscles in an unusual way.23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C) They begin to make repairs immediately.D) They gradually become fragmented.24. A) About one week. B) About two days.C) About ten days. D) About four weeks.25. A) Apply muscle creams. B) Drink plenty of water.C) Have a hot shower. D) Take pain-killers..Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or 26 the ruins of Angkor. It’s hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It’s the safe, sane thing to do, right? The bottle is27 , and the label says “pure water”, but maybe what’s inside is not so28 . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world 29 microplastics?That’s the conclusion of a recently 30 study, which analyzed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, 31 an average of 325 plastic particles per liter of water. These microplastics included a 32 commonly known as PET and are widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and 33 containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organization. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.Confronted with this 34 , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coco-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organization has now launched a review into the 35 health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Quiet Heroism of Mail Delivery[A] On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica, Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota, according to the National Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and businesses closed, and more than 1,000 flights have been canceled.[B] Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery temporarily. “Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees,” USPS announced Wednesday morning, “the Postal Service is suspending delivery Jan. 30 in the following 3-digit ZIP Code locations.” Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.[C] As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather. In 2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague V ann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from 2017’s Hurrican e Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a community’s infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.[D] Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone caught footage of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar white van, collecting mail in an affected area. Thevideo is striking: The operation is familiar, but the scene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job. “I followed my route like I normally do,” Smith told a reporter. “As I’d come across a box that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail—outgoing mail—in it. And so we picked those up and carried on.”[E] USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country, 285 emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agen cy’s top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-open operations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.[F] As soon as it’s safe enough to be outside, couriers start distributing accumulated mail on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change-of-address forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of other locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.[G] Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail—anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed. [H] It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.[I] Mail companies are logistics companies, which puts them in a special position to help when disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive in frastructure as a “unique federal asset” to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. “I think we’re unique as a federal agency,” USPS official MikeSwigart told me, “because we’re in literally every community in this country … We’re obligated to d eliver to that point on a daily basis.”[J] Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the company distributed more than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groups in California, and donated space for 3.1 million pounds of charitable shipping globally. Last October, the company pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support for Hurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS’s charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company’s logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebu ild. “We realize that as a company with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role,” said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross. “We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving, prosperous,” he said.[K] Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning to a sense of normalcy can be difficult, but some small routines—mail delivery being one of them—may help residents remember that their communities are still their communities. “When they see that carrier back out on the street,” Swigart said, “that’s the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal.”36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees’ safety.37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other federal agencies38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.39. Mail delivery service i$ still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were set up.42. Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech’s online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor G oel already had 8 teaching assistants, but that wasn’t enough to deal with the overwhelming number of questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn’t too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill the questions and answers. After some adjustment and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students’ questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn’t know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with artificial intelligence and couldn’t tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn’t inform them about Jill’s true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.The goal of Professor Goel’s virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all questions posed by students on the online forum. The name, Jill Watson, will of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of AI than say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.46. What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence?A) It is a robot that can answer students’ questions.B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students’ questions were too many to handle.D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48. What do we learn about Jill Watson?A) She turned out to be a great success. B) She got along pretty well with students.C) She was unwelcome to students at first. D) She was released online as an experiment.49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?A) They thought she was a bit too artificial. B) They found her not as capable as expected.C) They could not but admire her knowledge. D) They could not tell her from a real person.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?A) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.C) Assign her to answer more of students’ questions.D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being enga ging, and having a sense of humor don’t hurt. Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to building water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goal, but others have fallen short of reaching more modest targets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by science communications scholar Mike Schäfer of the University of Zurich in Switzerland examined the content of the WebPages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as , , and only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors since projects that answered questions from interested donors and posted lab notes fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4000 on average, with 30% of projects receiving less than $1000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project’s s uccess, m ost notably, the size of a scientist’s personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on his or her own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researc hers’ efforts to reach the public, and people give because “they feel a connection to the person” who is doing the fundraising—not necessarily to the science.51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.52. What is the purpose of Mike Schäfer’s research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?A) To create attractive content for science websites.B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.D) To separate science projects from general ones.53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaign?A) The potential benefit to future generations. B) Its interaction with prospective donors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues. D) The value of the proposed project.54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?A) They should be small to be successful. B) They should be based on actual needs.C) They should be assessed with great care. D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C) The significance and influence of the project itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案完整版
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案完整版(第-套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a le tter to a foreign friend whowants to study. Please recommend a unive rsity to him. You should write at least 120 words butno more than 180 words.[参考范文]Dear Lucy.I am delighted to hear that you are going to study in a Chinese university. Since you haveasked for my advice about choosing which university. I will try to give you some useful suggestions here.It is well known that Peking University is a great place to lear. There are several factorsaccounting for this choice and the following are the most typical on es. First and foremost,Peking University is one of the top universiti es in China and the birthplace of many great , it can provide high -quality teaching resources, which is essential for a foreign additi on, Bejing is the capital of China and there are various historic b uildings. Theyprovideforeign students a good chance to know Chinese culture and his tory.Ihope you will find these suggestions helpful and wish you all the best.Yours,Li Ming[参考译文]亲爱的露丝:得知你要来中国的大学学习,我很高兴。
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2019年12月大学英语四级考试阅读讲义(四十二)
Unit 15
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
(35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single
line through the centre.考试大
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University
of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in
their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned
the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression. One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin(糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug
that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier
conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
21. Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity .
A) was altered
B) was strengthened
C) was weakened
D) was not affected
22. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to .
A) turn off the electricity
B) try to control unpleasant stimuli
C) become abnormally suspicious
D) behave passively in controllable situations
23. The reason why the mice in Ader's experiment avoided saccharin was that.
A) they associated it with stomachaches
B) it affected their immune systems
C) it led to stomach pains
D) they disliked its taste
24. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader's experiment was that .
A) the sweetener was poisonous to them
B) their immune systems had been altered by the mind
C) they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin
D) they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning
25. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals .
A) can be altered by electric shocks
B) can be weakened by conditioning
C) can be suppressed by drug injections
D) can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin。