牙齿的结构与作用

牙齿的形态
如下图所示，健康成人正常牙列包含32 颗恒牙，分上下左右四个区域，按牙齿的 形态与功能分为切牙、尖牙、双尖牙（前 磨牙）、磨牙，共16对。左右成对的同名 牙，其解剖形态相同。
牙齿的种类 切牙
形状 平薄
尖牙
尖锐
磨牙源自文库
上表面宽阔，凹凸不平
作用 切割食物 撕裂食物 磨碎和咀嚼食物
牙齿的解剖结构
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2.发音
人类可以发出各种各样的声音，来表达 思想或交流感情，牙齿在帮助发音时起着极 其重要的作用，它能够帮助发出齿音。如果 缺少了前牙，说话不拢音、漏气，齿音发不 准确，自然语言也就不清楚了。
3.美观
上下颌牙齿排列 整齐，可将口唇和 颊面部支撑起来， 显得面部丰满。若 上下牙齿咬合异常 时，如反咬合，颏 部向前突出，下牙 包盖着上牙，使面 形改变，影响美观。 若全口无牙，唇和 颊软组织缺乏支撑， 向内塌陷，出现皱 褶，显得苍老。
每个牙齿都可以分 为三部分，露出口腔 内的部分叫做牙冠， 埋在牙槽骨内的部分 叫牙根，牙冠与牙根 的交界处叫做牙颈。
从牙齿的结构上说， 每个牙齿又由牙釉质、 牙本质、牙骨质和牙 髓四部分组成。
牙齿的作用
1.咀嚼
人类的食物是 多种多样的，有富 含纤维的食物，有 淀粉性食物，而这 些食物又有软硬和 大小之分，所以要 求有高度分化的牙 齿，来适应人类对 多样化食物的需要。
牙齿的结构与作用
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