跨文化交际重点梳理

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重点1Definition of culture

Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed through the generations in an identifiable group of people.

重点2Characteristics of culture(10)

1、Culture is shared

Culture is a system of shared values beliefs or patterns of behaviors held in a group ,organization or society.

It is not property of any individual.

2、culture is cumulative

Human beliefs, arts etc. are results of many generations.

Every generations can discover the new things.

The new knowledge are added to what was learned in previous generations.

3、culture is learned

Culture is not inherent with any people.

Culture can not be genetically and automatically passed down

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from previous generations.

And it should be taught and learned by people.

4、culture is adaptive

Culture is created by humans. Humans have to adapt the environment . thus is in development bears the trait of being adaptive 5、culture is dynamic

At the same time that new culture are added, and the old ones are lost because they are no longer useful.

6、culture is symbolic

Symbols generally serve as communicative tools for a multitude purposes, on a persons as well as culture level.

7 、culture is relational

Culture is an organic whole. All the components of culture are interlinked.

8 、culture is implicit and explicit

Some layers culture are easy to be observe, like eating , dressing, talking. But the ideas underlying the behaviors are generally hard to know. Many scholars label the culture as iceberg.

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culture is universal 9、culture is diversified

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Hall's dimensions3重点High context

High-context communication relies heavily on nonverbal, contextual and shared cultural meanings.

The meanings are not fully expressed.

re determined by “how”things are said , rather than “what”Meanings ais said.

阿拉伯欧洲东部和南部日本Collectivism

Low context

Verbal codes rather than the information implies

Clear straight and to-the-point communication

美国德国斯堪的纳维亚

Individualism

Monochromic culture

Do one thing at one time, Concentrate on the job, take time seriously, 文档Word

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low-context and need information, commit to the job, religiously to the plans, not disturbing others, seldom borrow or lend things, emphasize promptness

Polychromic culture

Do many things at once, subject to interruptions, consider time