1五种基本句型结构

五种基本句型结构

一. SVP主系表结构:

常见的系动词有: be, get, turn, become, seem, appear, look, sound, feel, 等等。特点：1．可以用形容词作表语：

I am young. She feels happy.

2. 除BE外,其他动词可用做Vi,须加介词才可以跟宾语,如:

It sounds great. – It sounds like a good idea.

Y ou look young. – Y ou look like your father.

3. 系动词与行为动词的最大区别就在于系动词可以跟形容词,但行为动词不可以. We are happy. But: He left happily.

Exercises: Fill in the blanks with the words given. Change their forms if necessary.

look, be, feel, sound turn, get, seem,

1. It’s autumn now. The leaves __________________ yellow.

2. _____ she happy with the life here?

3. Y ou _______ pale. I guess you _______ ill.

4. It ____________ that they don’t agree with me.

5. ______ you twins? Y ou _______ the same.

6. It sounds like a great plan.

二. SV主谓结构

这种结构里，动词为Vi. 因为不涉及其他的人物或事物，意思一样完整，所以叫不及物动词。

He died in 1998. He left yesterday.

但是，1. 如果要加宾语，必须用介词或副词过渡：

He died of hunger. He will leave for Beijing next week.

2. 如果是”V + A dv.”, 要注意：名词宾语可前可后，但代词宾语必须置于副词前。Please put on your hat.

Please put your hat on. But: Please put it on.

Y ou can’t say: Please put on it.

常用的副词有：up, down, on, off, in, out.

Exercises: Translate the following into English.

1. 请在离开教室前把灯关好。

2．老师进来时，学生应起立。

3．桌子上的东西太多，把它们拿开。

4．他父亲去年死于癌症cancer，所以他得自己照顾自己。

5. 杯子从桌子上掉了下去，摔成了碎片。

三．SVO主谓宾结构：

这里动词是及物动词，必须涉及其他人物或事物意思才完整，故称“及物动词”。如：他喜欢这里。不可以译成：He likes here.因为LIKE是及物动词，而HERE是地点副词，不可以作LIKE的宾语，正确的译文是：He likes it here.

另如：He loves her. 如果把HER省略，句子的意思就不再完整。

注意：

1．有些动词只能用动名词作宾语：如：enjoy, finish, practice.

I enjoy reading.

He finished writing the book yesterday.

She often practices speaking English.

2. 有些动词只用不定式作宾语：如：decide, hope, agree, afford.

He can’t afford to buy a new one.

We decided to buy a new one.

He agreed to help us.

She hopes to go to a famous university.

3. 有些动词既可用动名词，也可用不定式，但意思不同。常考的有：forget, remember, try, mean, stop, regret, need, want

He was so careless that he forgot to lock the door when he left home yesterday.

I remember seeing her somewhere before.

Please stop talking.

4. 有些动词用动名词表示一般性行为，用不定式表偶然为之。如：learn, begin, start, like.

I like swimming. I would like to go swimming now.

这种动词是考试的重中之重，一定要掌握。

Exercises: Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verbs given.

1. I remember _______________ (put) my watch on that table, but it is gone.

2. He had worked for 2 hours, so he stopped_______________ (have) a rest.

3. I dislike ___________________(study) English.

4. He wants to learn ___________________(drive).

5. Suddenly, it began ___________________ (rain).

6. We hope ____________________ (arrive) there as soon as possible.

7. He likes ______________ (play), and does n’t study hard. I guess he will fail ______________ (pass) the finals.

8. What do you enjoy __________________ (do)?

9. He tried __________________ (do) it in a new way.

10. I didn’t mean ____________ (be) late. I am really sorry for _____________ (be) lat e.

四．SVO i V d. 双宾语结构

这种动词同时涉及人和物，人为间接宾语，物为直接宾语。常用的有：give, pass, tell, teach, buy, show等。

Please give me a pen.

Mom often tells us a story before we go to bed.

注意：1. 如果物为宾语,可前可后.但是如果置于前,人前须加介词.如:

Please give me a pen. Please give the pen to me.

He often buys me flowers. He often buys flowers for me.

2. 如果物为代词,必须置于人前:

Please pass me the salt. Please pass it to me.

3. 变被动时,如物为主语,人前须加TO.

He gave me a pen.

A pen was given to me. But: I was given a pen.