新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson39
新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记
Finding fossil man 发现化⽯石⼈人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especiallyflint, because this is easier to shapethan other kinds.They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rottedaway. Stone does not decay, and so thetools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappearedwithout trace. 读到flint 打⽕火⽯石anthropomorphic ⼈人格化拟1anthropo ⼈人类的让步⼀一⼀一trace backdate back read of read abouta trace of ⼀一些resound u叙述 Polynesian adj.波利利尼⻄西亚(中太平洋之⼀一群岛)的 Indonesia n. 印度尼⻄西亚 我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年年前近东发⽣生的事情，那⾥里里的⼈人最早学会了了写字。
新概念英语第四册惯用语整理Lesson37~39
新概念英语第四册惯用语整理Lesson37~39新概念英语第四册惯用语整理Lesson371.age n. 年纪，年龄 v. 变老for age 很久，很长时间(for a long time)例句：I haven't seen you for ages, but I hear you are going to study abroad soon.我已经很久没见到你了，但我听说你不久要出国学习。
2.all 全部的，所有的 adv. 完全地，全部地after all 毕竟，终究，到底，终于1.A：Mary won't be coming to work tomorrow. She's finally going to the photography exhibit.A：玛丽明天不会来上班，她最后还是要去看那个摄影展了。
B：Oh, so she managed to get tickets after all.B：噢，这么说她终于还是搞到票了。
2.A：I talked to Philip today and he said he'd be coming to the party.A：今天我和菲利普谈过了，他说要来参加晚会的。
B：Oh, so he can come after all.B：噢，那么说他到底还是能来了。
3.A：I've just seen the X-rays and your teeth look just fine.A：我刚刚看过X光，你的牙没问题。
B：I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all.B：我知道了。
那么根本没必要担心了。
3.decline v. 1.拒绝(接受某物);谢绝2.下降3.衰落4.倾斜;垂头 n. 1.下降，下倾，下垂2.衰落3.斜面，倾斜4.消耗病(如肺病)for the decline 数目减少例句：The major reason for the decline of Asian elephants is the harm to their forests.亚洲象数目减少的主要原因就是对它们所在森林的破坏。
新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson39
【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
What does the 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings in space depend on? We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start. Of all the planets in our solar system, we ware now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on which life can survive. Mars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury, and the outer planets have temperatures near absolute zero and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. But other suns, start as the astronomers call them, are bound to have planets like our own, and as is the number of stars in the universe is so vast, this possibility becomes virtual certainty. There are one hundred thousand million starts in our own Milky Way alone, and then there are three thousand million other Milky Ways, or galaxies, in the universe. So the number of the stars that we know exist is now estimated at about 300 million million million. Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe. If then we are so certain that other intelligent life exists in the universe, why have we had no visitors from outer space yet? First of all, they may have come to this planet of ours thousands or millions of years ago, and found our then prevailing primitive state completely uninteresting to their own advanced knowledge. Professor Ronald Bracewell, a leading American radio astronomer, argued in Nature that such a superior civilization, on a visit to our own solar system, may have left an automatic messenger behind to await the possible awakening of an advanced civilization. Such a messenger, receiving our radio and television signals, might well re-transmit them back to its home-planet, although what impression any other civilization would thus get from us is best left unsaid. But here we come up against the most difficult of all obstacles to contact with people on other planets -- the astronomical distances which separate us. As a reasonable guess, they might, on an average, be 100 light years away. (A light year is the distance which light travels at 186,000 miles per second in one year, namely 6 million million miles.) Radio waves also travel at the speed of light, and assuming such an automatic messenger picked up our first broadcasts of the 1920's, the message to its home planet is barely halfway there. Similarly, our own present primitive chemical rockets, though good enough to orbit men, have no chance of transporting us to the nearest other star, four light years away, let alone distances of tens or hundreds of light years. Fortunately, there is a 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings, as Walter Sullivan has put it in his excellent book, We Are not Alone. This depends on the precise radio frequency of the 21-cm wavelength, or 1420 megacycles per second. It is the natural frequency of emission of the hydrogen atoms in space and was discovered by us in 1951; it must be known to any kind of radio astronomer in the universe. Once the existence of this wave-length had been discovered, it was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested. Without something of this kind, searching for intelligences on other planets would be like trying to meet a friend in London without a pre-arranged rendezvous and absurdly wandering the streets in the hope of a chance encounter. ANTHONY MICHAELIS Are There Strangers in Space? from The Weekend Telegraph 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 Mercury n. ⽔星 hydrogen n. 氢⽓ prevailing adj. 普遍的 radio astronomer 射电天⽅学家 uniquely adv. 地 rational adj. 合理的 radio frequency ⽆线电频率 cm n. 厘⽶ megacycle n. 兆周 emission n. 散发 intersteller adj.星际的 rendezvous n. 约会地点 【课⽂注释】 1.that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start 这是⼀个宾语从句，作动词conclude的宾语，其中given a planet...our own,过去分词短语作条件状语，given与if的意思相近，这个过去分词短语可译成“如果⼀个⾏星与我们所在的⾏星⼤致相同的话”。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】
【导语】新概念英语作为⼀套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了⽅便同学们的学习，⽆忧考为⼤家整理了⾯的新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记，希望为⼤家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!Lesson40 【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer? Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message. These ocean waves are among the earth's most complicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length). Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results. An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again. From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other 'living' thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life. The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain. from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises) 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 signature n. 签名，标记 infinity n. ⽆穷 ray n. 光线 energize v. 给与...能量 rhythm n. 节奏 transmit v. 传送 exquisite adj. ⾼雅的 phenomena n. 现象 crest n. 浪峰 trough n. 波⾕ vertical adj. 垂直的 horizontal adj. ⽔平的 actuality n. 现实 catastrophic adj. ⼤灾难的 particle n. 微粒 maturity n. 成熟 undulate v. 波动，形成波浪 tremor n. 震颤 gravitational adj. 地⼼吸⼒的 【课⽂注释】 1.transmit vt. ①传达 例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family. 吉普赛⼈经常以⼝头形式把秘⽅世代相传。
新概念英语第四册笔记-完整版
L1 Finding fossil manWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it assagas----legends handeddown from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.New words and expressionsrecount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless 重复describedepict：a little emotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】
新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了方便同学们的学习，大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!First listen and then answer the following question.What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.These ocean waves are among the earth"s most plicated natural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (the highest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), a height (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), a wave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests), and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest to travel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall of water moving in your direction, in actuality waves move through the water leaving the water about where it was. If the water was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything on it would beracing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other "living" thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes: wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与...能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的 particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪 tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的1.transmit vt.①传达例句：Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。
新概念第四册Lesson37_39课文翻译及学习笔记
新概念第四册Lesson37_39课文翻译及学习笔记新概念第四册Lesson37~39课文翻译及学习笔记新概念第四册Lesson37课文翻译及学习笔记【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is the most important factor, both in government or business, for keeping running costs low?If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country. And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country. Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise. An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business. For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost -- the cost of managing and administering the business. Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation. The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities. and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low. It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job, without having another man to check upon what he isdoing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone else. But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers, and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly. As administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting he expense of administration, will fall; and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.It is precisely the same with a nation. To the extent that the people can be relied upon to behave in a loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order. But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly. A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.RAYMOND FROST The Backward Society【New words and expressions 生词和短语】hub n. (活动的)中心disunited adj. 分裂的correspondingly adv. 相应地backward adj. 落后的incur v. 承担administer v. 管理adminstrative adj. 行政管理的analogous adj. 类似的overheads n. 一般费用initiative n. 主动，积极性checker n. 检查人员foreman n. 监工dividend n. 红利unduly adv. 过度地【课文注释】1.disunited adj. 分裂的例句：Moreover, when the employees are disunited, unhappiness is bound to set in. 更何况大家都不团结时，不愉快事件频频。
新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记
Royal espionage 王室谍报活动 Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring. While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighboring regions.There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft. Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit forprolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids. So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy.He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. ⼀一间谍活动中世纪的咏游歌⼿手⾦金金琴⺠民歌___魔术杂技的⾯面⼊入向那⾥里里-n 得-i 持久的微不不⾜足道需供⽽而应⾯面对尤击⼀一n⼩小规模战⽃斗Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage! 阿尔弗雷雷德⼤大帝曾亲⾃自充当间谍。
新概念英语lesson39-40(共20页)课件
In front of the window 在窗户的前面
E.g. I’m going to put it in front of the window.
In front of 在·····前面 In the front of 在·····前部
SAM: I‘m going to put it here, in front of the window. PENNY: Be careful! Don't drop it! Don't put there, Sam. Put it here,
Careful adj. 小心的，仔细的，认真的
Be careful with money 吝啬，从不花钱
E.g. He is too careful with his money. He never buys drinks for anyone.
他非常的吝啬，从来不会花钱给别人买饮料。
Careful adj. 小心的，仔细的，认真的 Carefully adv. E.g. Hold this vase carefully. Don’t drop it! 小心拿着这个花瓶，别摔了！
E.g. A girl is sitting beside the driver in the front of the car.
一个女孩正坐在那辆小汽车的前面。
In front of ….. 在….的前面 E.g. The teacher is standing in front of the
Drop v. 掉下，滴下 Drop v. 丢失 E.g. I dropped my pen yesterday. 我昨天弄丢了一支钢笔。
Drop sb. a line 给某人写一封信 E.g. Drop me a line when you are free. 你有空给我写一封信。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】
42】课文】 First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What false impression does an ocean wave convey to theobserver?Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean andatmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from thesun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakeningit to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind thenspeaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerfulmessage.These ocean waves are among the earth's most complicatednatural phenomena. The basic features include a crest (thehighest point of the wave), a trough (the lowest point), aheight (the vertical distance from the trough to the crest), awave length (the horizontal distance between two wave crests),and a period (which is the time it takes a wave crest totravel one wave length).Although an ocean wave gives the impression of a wall ofwater moving in your direction, in actuality waves movethrough the water leaving the water about where it was. If thewater was moving with the wave, the ocean and everything新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【 Lesson40 、41 、on it would be racing in to the shore with obviously catastrophic results.An ocean wave passing through deep water causes a particle on the surface to move in a roughly circular orbit, drawing the particle first towards the advancing wave, then up into the wave, then forward with it and then -- as the wave leaves the particles behind -- back to its starting point again.From both maturity to death, a wave is subject to the same laws as any other 'living' thing. For a time it assumes a miraculous individuality that, in the end, is reabsorbed into the great ocean of life.The undulating waves of the open sea are generated by three natural causes ： wind, earth movements or tremors, and the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. Once waves have been generated, gravity is the force that drives them in a continual attempt to restore the ocean surface to a flat plain.from World Magazine (BBC Enterprises)New words and expressions 生词和短语】signature n. 签名，标记infinity n. 无穷ray n. 光线energize v. 给与 ... 能量rhythm n. 节奏transmit v. 传送exquisite adj. 高雅的phenomena n. 现象crest n. 浪峰trough n. 波谷vertical adj. 垂直的horizontal adj. 水平的actuality n. 现实catastrophic adj. 大灾难的particle n. 微粒maturity n. 成熟undulate v. 波动，形成波浪tremor n. 震颤gravitational adj. 地心吸力的课文注释】1.transmit vt.①传达例句： Gypsies frequently transmit recipes orally within the family.吉普赛人经常以口头形式把秘方世代相传。
【新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson37、38、39】】新概念第四册课文
【新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson37、38、39】】新概念第四册课文【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。
为了方便同学们的学习，大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!First listen and then answer the following question.What is the most important factor, both in government or business, for keeping running costs low?If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country. And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country. Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.This may be illustrated by paring the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise. An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business. For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost -- the cost of managing and administering the business. Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation. The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities. and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low. It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job, without having another man to check upon what he is doing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone else. But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers, and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly. As administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting he expense of administration, will fall; and thebusiness will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.It is precisely the same with a nation. To the extent that the people can be relied upon to behave in a loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order. But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people aordingly.A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.RAYMOND FROST The Backward Societyhub n. (活动的)中心disunited adj. 分裂的correspondingly adv. 相应地backward adj. 落后的incur v. 承担administer v. 管理adminstrative adj. 行政管理的 analogous adj. 类似的overheads n. 一般费用initiative n. 主动，积极性checker n. 检查人员foreman n. 监工dividend n. 红利unduly adv. 过度地1.disunited adj. 分裂的例句：Moreover, when the employees are disunited, unhappiness is bound to set in.更何况大家都不团结时，不愉快事件频频。
新概念英语第四册笔记大全
L1 Finding fossil manWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.New words and expressionsrecount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless 重复describedepict：a little emotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
新概念英语第四册笔记-完整版
L1 Finding fossil manWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it assagas----legends handeddown from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.New words and expressionsrecount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless 重复describedepict：a little emotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
新概念英语第四册笔记大全
L1 Finding fossil manWe can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it assagas----legends handeddown from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.New words and expressionsrecount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless 重复describedepict：a little emotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
新概念英语第4册课文(中英文对照)
Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 发现化石人We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the word where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.参考译文我们从书籍中可读到5,000 年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson39【课文】First listen and then answer the following question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What does the 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings in space depend on?We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start. Of all the planets in our solar system, we ware now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on which life can survive. Mars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury, and the outer planets have temperatures near absolute zero and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. But other suns, start as the astronomers call them, are bound to have planets like our own, and as is the number of stars in the universe is so vast, this possibility becomes virtual certainty. There are one hundred thousand million starts in our own Milky Way alone, and then there are three thousand million other Milky Ways, or galaxies, in the universe. So the number of the stars that we know exist is now estimated at about 300 million million million.Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets, that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.If then we are so certain that other intelligent life exists in the universe, why have we had no visitors from outer space yet? First of all, they may have come to this planet of ours thousands or millions of years ago, and found our then prevailing primitive state completely uninteresting to their own advanced knowledge. Professor Ronald Bracewell, a leading American radio astronomer, argued in Nature that such a superior civilization, on a visit to our own solar system, may have left an automatic messenger behind to await the possible awakening of an advanced civilization. Such a messenger, receiving our radio and television signals, might well re-transmit them back to its home-planet, although what impression any other civilization would thus get from us is best left unsaid.But here we come up against the most difficult of all obstacles to contact with people on other planets -- the astronomical distances which separate us. As a reasonable guess, they might, on an average, be 100 light years away. (A light year is the distance which light travels at 186,000 miles per second in one year, namely 6 millionmillion miles.) Radio waves also travel at the speed of light, and assuming such an automatic messenger picked up our first broadcastsof the 1920's, the message to its home planet is barely halfway there. Similarly, our own present primitive chemical rockets, though good enough to orbit men, have no chance of transporting us to the nearest other star, four light years away, let alone distances of tens or hundreds of light years.Fortunately, there is a 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings, as Walter Sullivan has put it in his excellent book, We Are not Alone. This depends on the precise radio frequency of the 21-cm wavelength, or 1420 megacycles per second. It is the natural frequency of emission of the hydrogen atoms in space and was discovered by us in 1951; it must be known to any kind of radio astronomer in the universe.Once the existence of this wave-length had been discovered, itwas not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested. Without something of this kind, searching for intelligences on other planets would be like trying to meet a friend in London without a pre-arranged rendezvous and absurdly wandering the streets in the hope of a chance encounter.ANTHONY MICHAELIS Are There Strangers in Space? from The Weekend Telegraph【New words and expressions 生词和短语】Mercury n. 水星hydrogen n. 氢气prevailing adj. 普遍的radio astronomer 射电天方学家uniquely adv. 地rational adj. 合理的radio frequency 无线电频率cm n. 厘米megacycle n. 兆周emission n. 散发intersteller adj.星际的rendezvous n. 约会地点【课文注释】1.that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start 这是一个宾语从句，作动词conclude的宾语，其中given a planet...our own,过去分词短语作条件状语，given与if的意思相近，这个过去分词短语可译成“如果一个行星与我们所在的行星大致相同的话”。
2.life is almost certain to start 那几乎肯定会产生生命。
3.be bound to 必然, 必定例句：You are bound to feel tired after a long walk.长时间步行后你必然会感到疲劳。