2160217 计算机硬件技术基础(中英文)(2011)

天津大学《计算机硬件技术基础》课程教学大纲课程编号： 2160217 课程名称：计算机硬件技术基础学时：48 学分： 2.5学时分配：授课：32 上机： 0 实验：16 实践：0实践（周）：0授课学院：计算机科学与技术学院适用专业：非电类各专业先修课程：大学计算机基础一．课程的性质与目的《计算机硬件技术基础》是为全校非电类各专业本科生开设的一门计算机公共基础课。

本课程的目的是使学生初步明确计算机硬件的体系结构，从概念、基本功能、外部特性、标准等方面了解计算机及其外部设备，重点是微型计算机硬件结构及工作原理，包括计算机工作原理、微机的基本指令系统、汇编程序设计的一般概念，微处理器、存储器、总线及接口电路、外部设备等。

二．教学基本要求1、本课程是全校非计算机各专业必修课，宜安排在第3或4学期。

2、了解计算机硬件系统的基本组成、工作原理，性能指标和硬件领域里新技术、新知识。

3、全校非电类各专业统一大纲、统一内容、统一要求、统一考试。

4、既有理论，又要通过实验手段，做到理论与实践相结合。

5、讲课使用课件，全部采用多媒体大屏幕投影方式。

三．教学内容(一)教学内容第1章微型计算机系统概述及基础知识(4学时)⏹计算机系统的组成。

冯·诺依曼计算机的特点，计算机的一般工作过程。

⏹计算机中的常用计数制、编码及其相互的转换。

⏹二进制数的算术运算和逻辑运算、基本逻辑门及译码器。

⏹有符号数的表示及运算。

⏹二进制数运算中的溢出问题。

⏹定点数与浮点数的表示方法。

说明：教学重点是冯·诺依曼计算机的特点，明确数值和字符在计算机中如何表示。

包括原码、反码、补码、BCD码和ASCII码，数的定点与浮点表示法。

掌握计数制及不同进位计制之间的转换。

第2章微处理器基础(3学时)⏹8086微处理器的组成、引脚功能、工作原理。

⏹8086内部寄存器组。

⏹8086的存储器组织。

说明：重点明确内部寄存器组的名称和作用、存储器组织方式以及并行流水线的工作方式。

第3章 80X86微处理器(3学时)⏹80X86系列微处理器的结构特点。

⏹80X86微处理器系统组成。

⏹工作模式与地址变换。

⏹Pentium微处理器和多核处理器简介。

说明：重点明确内部寄存器组的名称和作用、工作模式与地址变换。

第4章指令系统 (8学时)⏹指令及指令系统、指令格式、指令中操作数的类型。

⏹寻址方式。

六大类指令。

说明：要求掌握操作数的寻址方式和常用指令。

常用指令包括数据传送指令、地址传送LEA指令、算术运算、逻辑运算指令、移位指令、POP和PUSH指令、常用的转移指令和循环控制指令、常用系统功能调用指令。

第5章汇编语言与程序设计(4学时)⏹设计汇编语言程序的步骤、汇编语言源程序结构、汇编语言语句格式。

⏹常用伪指令。

⏹汇编语言程序设计（顺序结构、分支结构、循环结构、子程序）。

说明：教学目标是让学生能够阅读和编写一般的汇编语言源程序。

第6章总线结构 (2学时)⏹总线的基本概念和分类。

⏹总线的类型、系统结构、层次结构。

⏹总线技术，包括总线的主要功能及原理，性能指标。

⏹常用系统总线标准。

⏹外部总线，重点介绍通用串行总线（USB）。

说明：要求明确总线的作用及其类型。

了解常见的系统总线和常见的外部总线。

第7章存储器(3学时)⏹微型机存储系统的概念，包括存储系统的体系结构、存储器的分类及其特点、性能指标。

⏹半导体存储芯片的外部特性，包括RAM、ROM、存储器扩展、存储器与系统连接。

⏹高速缓存Cache的一般概念、工作原理。

⏹存储器管理技术。

⏹外存简介。

说明：教学重点是内存储器的分类，RAM和ROM分类和特点，静态存储器SRAM和动态随机存储器DRAM特点。

存储器芯片的译码方式。

存储器的扩展技术。

对新型内存和外存只要求了解。

第8章输入输出技术(2学时)⏹输入输出系统和基本输入输出方法。

包括输入输出系统的特点和功能、I/O端口、编址方式以及基本输入输出方法。

⏹中断控制技术。

包括中断的基本概念、中断响应、8086/8088中断系统、中断控制器8259A。

说明：教学重点是I/O端口的编址方式和中断控制技术。

了解基本的输入输出方法。

第9章常用接口芯片(3学时)⏹可编程计数器/定时器8254芯片的工作原理、工作方式、控制字和基本应用。

⏹数模(D/A)转换芯片的工作原理和基本应用。

⏹模数(A/D)转换芯片的工作原理和基本应用。

说明：教学重点是8254可编程数字芯片的原理和应用，D/A转换器的0832工作原理和应用。

(二)实验内容实验一：熟悉汇编语言上机环境，进行汇编语言程序设计（顺序结构，选择结构）。

实验二：汇编语言程序设计（循环结构及输入输出）。

实验三：常用接口（8254/8255）应用。

实验四：D/A与A/D转换。

四．学时分配教学内容授课上机实验实践实践(周)4第1章微型计算机系统概述及基础知识第2章微处理器基础 3第3章 80X86微处理器 3第4章指令系统84 8第5章汇编语言与程序设计第6章总线结构 2第7章存储器 3第8章输入输出技术 2第9章常用接口芯片 3 8总计：32 16五．评价与考核方式笔试80% + 平时作业5% + 实验15%六．教材与主要参考资料微型计算机硬件技术基础，迟丽华，天津大学出版社，2009.计算机硬件技术基础实验指导书，天津大学硬件实验室，2011.制定人：审核人：批准人：批准日期：年月日TJU Syllabus for Computer Hardware Technology BasicsCode:2160217 Title: Computer Hardware Technology Basics Semester Hours: 48Credits:2.5Semester Hour Structure Lecture ：32 Computer Lab ：16 Experiment ： Practice ：Practice (Week)：Offered by: School of Computer Science and Technologyfor: non-electronic major Prerequisite: Fundamentals of Computers1. Objective1) This course is a compulsory course for non-computer major student. It should be arranged in the No. 3 or No.4 semesters.2) To understand basic components of computer hardware system, working principle, performance and new technologies, new knowledge. in hardware area.3) Unified framework, unified content, uniform requirements, uniform exam in non-electric major.4) Both the theory also combining theory and practice through experimental means.5) Using courseware and large-screen multimedia instruction.2. Course DescriptionThis course is a public computer basic course for the non-electric major undergraduate.The purpose of this course is to enable students to initially clear the architecture of computer hardware, to understand computers and peripheral equipment from the concept, the basic functions, the external features and standards, etc. The focuses are hardware structure and working principle of micro-computer, including working principle, the basic instruction set, general design concepts of assembler programming, microprocessors, memory, bus and interface circuit, the external equipment.3. Topics(A)LectureChapter 1 Overview and basic knowledge of microcomputer systems (4 hours)⏹Components of computer system. John V on Neumann computer features, general computer work process.⏹Common computer counting system, coding and their mutual conversion.⏹Binary arithmetic and logic operations, the basic logic gates and decoders.⏹Signed number representation and arithmetic.⏹Binary arithmetic overflow.⏹Representation of fixed point and floating-point.Description: The focuses are on the characteristics of John V on Neumann computers, clearing that how numbers and values to represent in computers. It includes the true code, one-complement code, complemental code, BCD and ASCII code, fixed number and floating-point number, to grasp counting system and conversion among them.Chapter 2 microprocessor basics (3 hours)⏹Components, pin function and work principal of the microprocessor 8086.⏹Internal registers in 8086.⏹8086's memory organization.Description: The focuses are name and role of the internal registers, memory organization and parallel workflow.Chapter 3 80X86 microprocessor (3 hours)⏹Structural characteristics of microprocessors 80X86 system.⏹Components of microprocessors 80X86 system.⏹work mode and address translation.⏹Pentium microprocessor and multi-core Processors.Description: The focuses are the names and roles of internal registers, work patterns and the address translation.Chapter 4 Instruction (8 hours)⏹Instruction and instruction system, instruction format, instruction operands.⏹Addressing mode, six kinds of instruction.Description: To grasp operand’s addressing modes and frequently used commands. Common commands include data transfer instructions, address transfer instruction LEA, arithmetic and logical instructions, shift instructions, POP and PUSH instructions, frequently used jump instructions and loop control instructions, common system function call instruction.Chapter 5 Assembly Language Programming (4 hours)⏹The procedures of designing an assembly language program, the structure of assembly language source code, the format of assembly language statement.⏹Common directive.⏹Assembly language programming (sequential structure, branch structure, loop structure, subroutines).Description: The teaching objective is to enable students to read and write the general assembly language source code.Chapter 6 Bus architecture (2 hours)⏹Basic concepts and classification of bus.⏹Type, system architecture, hierarchy of bus.⏹Bus technology, including the main function and the principle of bus, and performance indicators.⏹Common system bus standard.⏹External bus, focusing on universal serial bus (USB).Description: To clear role and the type of bus, and to understand the common system bus and common external bus.Chapter 7 Memory (3 hours)⏹Concepts of microcomputer storage systems, including the storage system architecture, memory classification and characteristics, performance indicators.⏹External features of semiconductor memory chips, including RAM, ROM, memory expansion, memory connecting to the system.⏹General concept and works of Cache.⏹Memory management techniques.⏹Introduction of external memory.Description: Teaching focuses are the classification of internal memory, features and categories of RAM and ROM, characteristics of static memory SRAM and dynamic random access memory DRAM, decoding method of memory chip, memory expansion technology.Chapter 8 Input-output technology (2 hours)⏹Input-output system and basic input-output method, including input-output system features and functions, I / O ports, addressing methods and basic input output method.⏹Interrupt control technology, including the basic concepts of interrupts, interrupt response, 8086/8088 interrupt system, interrupt controller 8259A.Description: Teaching focuses are addressing mode of I / O port and interrupt control, to understand the basic input-output method.Chapter 9 Common interface chip (3 hours)⏹Work principle, work mode, control word and basic applications of programmable counter / timer 8254 chip.⏹Works and basic applications of digital-analog (D / A) converter chip.⏹Works and basic applications of analog-digital (A / D) converter chip.Description: Teaching focuses are principles and applications of programmable digital chip 8254, operating principle and applications of D / A converter 0832.(B) ExperimentsExperiment 1: To know well experiment environment of assembly language, assembly language programming (sequence structure, selection structure).Experiment 2: Assembly language programming (loop structure and input-output).Experiment 3: Common Interface (8254/8255) applications.Experiment 4: D / A and A / D conversion.4. Semester Hour StructureTopics Lecture ComputerLab.Experiment PracticePractice(Week)Overview and basicknowledge ofmicrocomputer systems4microprocessor basics 380X86 microprocessor 3Instruction 8Assembly LanguageProgramming4 8Bus architecture 2Memory 3Input-output technology 2Common interface chip 3 8Sum: 32 165. Gradingwritten final examination: 80%homework: 5%experiments: 15%6. Text-Book & Additional Readings●Micro-computer hardware technology basics, Chi Lihua, Tianjin University Press, 2009.●Experimental guide books of Micro-computer Hardware Technology, hardware laboratory Tianjin University, 2011.Constitutor:Reviewer:Authorizor:Date:。