西北师范大学2015年《3042区域可持续发展》攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
西北师范大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题_20190117125658
西北师范大学2017年攻读博士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语考试日期：2017年4月1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
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Part L Listening Comprehension(25％)Section A:Spot DictationDirections:In this section,you are going to hear a passage.The passage will he read only once.As you listen to the passage,fill in the blanks with the words you hear.After the passage,there will be a3-minute pause. During the pause,you must write the words on the Answer Sheet.A recent university research project investigated the attitudes of postgraduate science students(1)____the learning of English vocabulary.The results were urprising.I'll(2)____three of them.firstly,most of the stcrdeaats think that(3)____every word ill English has just one meaning.This is,of course:,completely(4)____to the facts.A glance at any English dictionary will show this.The student will (5)____find seven or eight meanings listed for(6)____simple'words.Why,then,have these students made such a mistake:'One reason irnay be that they're.ill(7)____. students.Scientists try to use words ill their special subject which have one meaning,and one meaning only. Another reason.,of course,could be the way in Which these Student,Were They may have used vocabulary lists when they first learner English.(M one side of the page is the word in Iaaglish-,on the other sloe,a single\ti'ord in the(Q)native language.'l°he second attitude that(10)____from the findings is equally mistaken.(11)____all the students think that every word in English has an exact(12)____equivalent.Again,this is far from the trijth.Sometimes one word in Iinglish can only be translated by a(13)____in the student's native languial c."there are other(l4)____ill translation which we won't mention here.(:ertainly the idea of a one word for one word translation(15)____is completely false.Translation machines,which tried to work on this(16)____failed completely.The third result'of the investigation showed another(17)____in the students'thinking.They believe that as soon as they know the meaning of a word,they're in a(18)____to use it correctly.This is untrue for any language but is perhaps particularly(19)____for English.The student has to learn when to use a word as well as to know what it means.Some words in English mean almost the same but they can only be used in certain situations.What,then,is the best way to increase one's vocabulary?This can be answered in threewords-observation,(20)____and repetition.Section B:Multiple ChoiceDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage.At the end of the passage,you will hear S questions. The passage and the question will be read only once.After each question,there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then write your choice on the Answer Slicet.21.A)It had no efFect on living cells.13)It had effects on living cells.C)It had effects only on children.I))It had effects only on adults.22.A)An increasing number of cancers in children.I3)A link between an electric current and the energy fold.C)A causal link between the power-line or device and the energy field.1))A Small increased chance ofcancer in children living near electric power-line.23.A)446.13)464.C)223.1))234.24.A)Because he doesn't have enough evidence.R)Because other scientists have not studied his results yet.C.)Because he discovered nodirect link between disease and electricity.D)Because the link between cancer and electricity has not yet beenproved.25.A)Health and environment.B)Electric current and the energy field.C)Electricity and cancer.D)Electrical workers and cancer.Section C:Question and AnswerDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage.The passage will be read only once.Then try to answer the following questions according to what you have heard.Remember you should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.26.Why aren't most new doctors interested in beginning work in a small town?27.Why do many small town doctors work long hours?28.What is the growing problem in theUnited States?29.How many new doctors did the National Health Service Corps produce in1979?30.Whom did a hospital in Parkersprary offer a reward o€5,000dollar to?Part11[.Vocabulary(20%),Directions:In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.31.To qualify for such a position,the native would first have to receive specialized training,and thisis____A)refused B)discouragedC)denied D)forbidden32.The little girl wore a very thin coat.A sudden gust of cold wind made her____A)whirl B)shiftC)shiver D)shake33.Presently,there are nine teachers in my team,who have____the task of teaching advanced English tomore than500non-English majors.A)inclined B)hesitatedC)afforded D)undertaken34.The press demands that politicians____the sources of their income.A)betray B)concealC)disclose D)renew35.Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life,he became a m with a strong____A)philosophy B)idealismC)morality D)personality36.One new____to learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context.A)approach B)solutionC)manner D)road37.To maintain public____is not only the policemen's duty but f every citizen's responsibility.A)custom B)confidenceC)security D)simplicity38.All was dark in the district except for a candle____through th curtains in one of houses.A)glimmering B)glitteringC)flaming D)blazing39.One of the stands____and dozens of people were either killer or injured.A)destroyed B)collapsedC)corroded D)ruined40."Me,afraid of him?"he said with a(n)____smile,"Not me!"A)contemptible B)amusingC)contagious D)contemptuous41.He will simply no listen to anybody;he is____to argument.A)impervious B)imperceptibleC)impassable D)blunt42.Stop asking all these personal questions!It is bad manners to beA)inquisitive B)impatientC)acquisitive D)informative43.He____between life and death for a few days but then he pul:A)hovered B)lurchedC)wavered D)fluctuated44.We are prepared to satisfy all your____claimA}legitimate B)legibleC)intimate D)legislative45.There is not a Greek word which is the exact____of the English word'stile'.A)equivalent B)copyC)counterpart D)meaning46.The prizes will be____at the end of the school year.A)distributed B)attributedC)granted D)contributed47.During our stay in Paris we were splendidly____by the Italian Ambassador.A)sustained B)maintainedC)retained D)entertained48.On leaving,we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality____to us and our friends.A)extended B)expandedC)expended D)awarded49.If the dispute is not settled in a(n)____way soon,the two countries will certainly go to war.A)amiable B)amicableC)inimical D)unfriendly50,If I may be so____as to advise you,my opinion is that you should not reply to his letter.A)generous B)humbleC)proud D)bold51.If you take a(n)____course like her you can learn English in less than two years.A)intensive B)extensiveC)expansive D)retentive52.After a year's hard work I think I am____to a long holiday.10,A)entailed B)deservedC)entitled D)satisfied53.Thousands of people____from Greece every year to work in West Germany.A)emigrate B)leaveC)abandon D)immigrate54,lie was a member of the Hillary____that conquered MountEverest.A)mission B)invasionC)experiment D)expedition55.It was my sad duty to____the news of John's death to his family.A)submit B)breakC)say D)proclaim56.He____himself as a war correspondent in Vietnam.A)discerned B)distinguishedC)discriminated D)extinguished57.She____his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.A)inclined B)declinedC)denied D)disinclined58.He was____with attempted robbery and held in custody..A)accused B)prosecutedC)charged D)arrested59.What the witness said in court was not____with the statement he made to the police.A)prevalent B)relevantC)consistent D)coincident60.Molly has always beep a(n)____child;she becomes ill easily.A)delicate B)gloomyC)energetic D)confident61.There are some very beautifully____glass windows in the church.A)designed B)drawnC)marked D)stained62.The man who never tries anything new is a(n)____on the wheels of progress.A)obstacle B)brakeC)break D)block63.There is a sale at Hamfridge's next week with____in all departments.A)decreases B)subtractionsC)reductions D)accounts64.Doctors have long known that if a patient is____that he will recover and is treated with sympathy,his painwill often disappear.A)assumed B)assuredC)informed D)proved65:Although most birds have only a____sense of smell,they have acute vision.A}genuine.B)negativeC)negligible D)condensed66.We are sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be____with either money or secret information.A）entrusted B)committedC)consigned D)assigned67.If you never review your lessons,you will only have yourself to____if you fail in your examination.A)complain B)blameC)mistake D)fault68.We were four scores left behind with five minutes to go,so the game looked completely____A)irresistible B)irremissibleC}irreplaceable D)irretrievable69.Had the explosion broken out,the passagers in the plane should have been killed,for it was____timedwith the plane's take-off.A)spontaneously B)instantaneouslyC}simultaneously D)conscientiously70.The two witnesses who saw the shootings were able to____who hard fired first.A)encounter B)highlightC}testify D)identifyPart III.Reading Comprehension(50minutes,30points)Directions:There are6passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.One day in1963,a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer,Carl Sagan,were playing a little game.The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins communicate with each other.He was standing a t the edge of one of the tanks where several of these highly intelligent, friendly creatures were kept.Elvar had just swum up alongside hiui,and had turned on his back.He wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again,as the astronomer had done twice before.But this time Elvar was too deep in the water for Sagan to reach him.Elvar looked up at Sagan,waiting.Then,after a minute or so,the dolphin leapt up through the water into the air and made a sound just like the word`More?'The astonished astronomer went-to the director of the institute and told him about the incident.`Oh,yes:That's one of the words he knows,'the director said,showing no surprise at all.Dolphins have bigger brains in proportion to their body size than humans have,andit has been known for a long time that they can make a number o€sounds.What is more,these sounds seem to have different functions,such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster,and much further in water than it does in air.That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphins than in humans.But can it be said that dolphins have a `language'in the real sense of the word?Scientists don't agree on this.A language is not just a collection of sounds,or even words.A language has a structure,or what we call a grammar.The grammar of a language helps to give it meaning.For example,the two questions`Who loves Mary?'and`Who does Mary love?' mean different things.If you stop to think about it,you will see that this difference doesn't come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure.That is why the question`Can dolphins speak?' can't be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in ways which affect their meaning.71.The dolphin leapt into the air becauseA)Sagan had turned his backB)it was part of the game they were playingC)he wanted Sagan to scratch him againD)Sagan wanted him to do this72.When Sagan told the director about what the dolphin had done,the directorA)didn't seem to think it was unusualB)thought Sagan was jokingC)told Sagan about other words the dolphin knewD)asked him if he knew other words73.Dolphins'brains are particularly well-developed toA)help them to travel fast in waterB)arrange sounds in different structuresC)respond to different kinds of soundD)communicate with humans through sound74.The sounds we call words can be called a language only ifA)each sound has a different meaningB)each sound is different from the otherC)there is a system of writingD)they have a structure or grammarMarried people live"happily ever after"in fairy tales,but they do so less and less often in real life.1,like many of my friends,got married,divorced,and remarried.I suppose,to some people,I'm a failure.After all,I broke my first solemn promise to"love and cherish until death us do part."But I feel that I'm finally a success.I learned from the mistakes I made in my first marriage.This time around,the ways my husband and I share our free time,make decisions,and deal with problems are very different.I learned,first of all,not to be a clinging vine(依赖男子的妇女).In my first marriage,I felt the every moment we spent apart was wasted.If Ray wanted to go out to a bar with his friends to watch a football game,I felt rejected and talked him into staying home.I wouldn't accept an offer to go to a movie or join an exercise class it'it meant that Ray would be home alone.I realize now that we were often angry with each other just because we spent too much time together.In contrast,my second husband and I spend some of our tree time apart and try to have interests of our own.I have started playing racquetball at a health club,and Davidsometimes takes off to go to the local auto races with his friends.When we are together,we aren't bored with each other;our separate interests make us more interesting people.I learned not only to be apart sometimes but also to work together when it's time to make decisions.When Ray and I were married,I left all the important decisions to him.He decided how we would spend money, whether we should sell the car or fix it,and where to take a vacation.I know now that I went along with this so that I wouldn't have to take the responsibility when things went wrong.I could always end an argument by saying,"It was your fault!"With my second marriage,I am trying to be a full partner.We ask each other's opinions on major decisions and try to compromise if we disagree.If we make the wrong choice,we're equally guilty.When we rented an apartment,for example,we both had to take the blame for not noticing the drafty windows and the"no pets"clause in our lease.Maybe the most important thing I've learned is to be a grown-up about facing problems.David and i have made a vow to face our troubles like adults.If we're mad at each other or worried and upset,we say how we feel.Rather than hide behind our own misery,we talk about the problem until we discover how to fix it.Everybody argues or has to deal with the occasional crisis,but Ray and I always reacted like children to these stormy times.I would lock myself in the spare bedroom.Ray would stalk out of the house,slam the door,and race off in the car.Then I would cry and worry till he returned.I wish that my first marriage hadn't been the place where I learned how to make a relationship work, but at least I did learn.1feel better now about being an independent person,about making decisions,and about facing problems.My second marriage isn't perfect,but it doesn't have the deep flaws that made the first one fall apart.75.Which of the following has contributed to the writer's divorce?A)Her former husband went out to watch football games.B)She started to play racquetball at a health club.C)They spent too much time together and got bored with each other.D)They spent so little time together that they could not talk to each other.76.It can be learned from the passage that the writer,in her first marriage,A)took less responsibility than she should for major decisionB)tool:the same responsibility as her husbandC)took more blame when things went wrongD)felt equally guilty when things went wrong77.Which of the following that the author should have said when she quarrelled with her former husband but she did not.A)"It was your fault!"B)"Maybe you're right."C)"It's none of your business."D)"It's none of my business."78.All the problems between the writer and David can be resolved becauseA)they hide their feelingsB)they lock themselves in their bedroomC)they have promised not to be mad at each otherD)they dare to face them79,The writer's second marriage is different from the first one in all the following ways exceptA)that they share their free timeB)that they make their decisions togetherC)that they talk to each otherD)that they deal with their troubles together80.The best title for the passage isA)First MarriageB)Second MarriageC)DivorceD)Perfect Marriage（3）Classified Advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising.Such groupings as"Help Wanted","Real Estate,""Lost and Found" are made,the rate charged being less than that for display advertising.Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and a saving to the advertiser.The reader who,is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him.The advertiser may,on this account,use a very small advertisement that would be lost if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper.It is evident that the reader approaches the classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper.He turns to a page of classified advertisements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs.As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely to much extent on display type to get the reader's attention.Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have display type.With the increase in the number of such advertisements,however,each advertiser within a certain group is vying with others in the same group for the reader's attention.In many cases the result has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures.In that way the classified advertisement has in reality become a display advertisement.This is particularly true of realestate advertising.81.Classified advertising is different to display advertising becauseA)all advertisements of a certain type are grouped togetherB)it is more distinguishedC)it is more expensiveD)nowadays the classified advertisements are all of the same size82.One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement isA)house for saleB)people who are asking for helpC)people who are lostD)real antiques for sale83.What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisements,according to thewriter?A)They are in the frame of mind to buy anything.B)They are looking for something they need.C)They feel lost because there are so many advertisements.D)They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements.84.What does the writer say about the classified advertisements that used to be put in the papers?A)They used to be voluntary.B)They used to use display type.C)They were all the same size.D)They were more formal.85.Why have classified advertisements changed in appearance,according to the writer?A)Because people no longer want headlines and pictures.B)Because real estate advertising is particularly truthful now.C）Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be smaller now.D)Because there are more advertisements now and more competition amongst advertisers..（4）Mr Abu,the laboratory attendant,came in from the adjoining store and briskly cleaned the blackboard.He was a retired African sergeant from the Army Medical Corps and was feared by the boys.If he caught any of them in any petty thieving,he offered them the choice of a hard smack on the bottom or of being reported to the science masters.Most boys chose the former as they knew the matter would end there with no long interviews,moral arguments and an entry in the conduct book.The science master,a man called Vernier,stepped in and stood on his small platform.Vernier set the experiments for the day and demonstrated them,then retired behind the"Church Times"which he read seriously in between walking quickly along the rows of laboratory benches,advising boys.It was a simple heat experiment to show that a dark surface gave out more heat by radiation than a bright surface.During the class,Vernier was called away to the telephone and Abu was not about,having retired to the lavatory for a smoke.As soon as a posted guard announced that he was out of sight,minor pandemonium('N k)broke out.Some of the boys raided the store.The wealthier ones took rubber tubing to make catapults and to repair bicycles,and helped themselves to chemicals for developing photographic films.The poorer boys, with a more determined aim,took only things of strict commercial interst which could be sold easily in the market.They emptied stuff into bottles in their pockets.Soda for making soap,magnesium sulphate for opening medicine,salt for cooking,liquid paraffin for women's hairdressing,and fine yellow iodoform powder much in demand for sprinkling on sores.Kojo objected mildly to all this."Oh,shut up!"a few boys said.Sorie,a huge boy who always wore a fez indoors,commanded respect and some leadership in the class. He was gently drinking his favourite mixture of diluted alcohol and bicarbonate----which he called"gin and fizz"----from a beaker."Look here,Kojo,you are getting out of hand.What do you think our parents pay taxes and school fees for?For us to enjoy----or to buy a new car every year for Simpson?"The other boys laughed. Simpson was the European headmaster,feared by the small boys,adored by the boys in the middle school,and liked,in a critical fashion,with reservations,by some of the senior boys and African masters.He had a passion for new motor-cars,buying one yearly."Come to think of it,"Sorie continued to Kojo,"you must take something yourself,then we'll know we are safe,""Yes,you must,"the other boys insisted.Kojo gave in and,unwillingly,took a little nitrate for some gunpowder experiments which he was carrying out at home."Someone!"the look-out called.The boys ran back to their seats in a moment.Sorie washed out his mouth,at the sink with some water.Mr Abu,the laboratory attendant,entered and observed the innocent expression on the faces of thewhole class.He looked round fiercely and suspiciously,and then sniffed the air.It was a physicsexperiment,but the place smelled chemical.However,Vemier came in then.After asking if anyonewas in difficulties,and finding that no one could in a moment think up anything,he retired to hischair and settled down to an article on Christian reunion.86,The boys were afraid of Mr Abu becauseA)he had been an Army sergeant and had military ideas of disciplineB)he reported them to the Science masters whenever he caught them petty thievingC)he was cruelD)he believed in strict discipline87.When the boys were caught petty thieving,they usually chose to be beaten by Mr Abu becauseA)he gave them only one hard smack instead of the six from their teachersB)they did not want to get a bad reputation with their teachersC)they were afraid of their science mastersD)his punishment was quicker than their teachers'88.Some boys took chemicals like soda and iodoform powder becauseA)they liked to set up stalls in the marked and sell things,like tradersB)they were too poor to buy things like soap and medicineC)they wanted money and could sell such things quicklyD)they needed things like soap and medicine for sores89.A big difference between Kojo and Sorie was thatA)Kojo took chemicals for some useful experiment but Sorie only wasted his in making an alcoholicdrink.B)Sorie was rich but Kojo was poorC)Kojo had a guilty conscience but Sorie did notD)when Kojo objected.Sorie proved that what they were doing was reasonable90.On entering the laboratory,Mr Abu was immediately suspicious becauseA)the whole class was looking so innocentB)he was a suspicious man by natureC)there was no teacher in the roomD)he could smell chemicals and he knew it was a physics lesson,（5）Alison closed the door of her small flat and put down her briefcase.As usual,she had brought some work home from the travel agency.She wanted to have a quick bite to eat and then,after spending a few hours working,she was looking forward to watching television or listening to some music:.She was just about to start preparing her dinner when there was a knock at the door.`Uli,no!Who on earth could that be?'she muttered to herself.She went to the door and opened it just wide enough to see who it was.A man of about sixty was standing there.It took her a moment before she realized who he was.He lived in the flat below.They had passed each other on the stairs once or twice,and had nodded to each other but never really spoken.`Uh,sorry to bother you,but...uh...there's something I'd like to talk to you about,'he mumbled.He had a long,thin face and two big front teeth that made him look rather like a rabbit.Alison hesitated,but then, opening the door wide,asked him to come in.It was then that she noticed the dog.She hated dogs----particularly big ones.This one was a very old,very fat bulldog.The man had already bone into her small living-room and,without being asked,he sat down on the sofa.The dog followed him in and climbed up on the sofa next to him,breathing heavily.She stared at it.It stared back.The man coughed.`Uh,do you mind if I smoke?'he asked.Before she could ask him not to,he had taken out a cigarette and lit it.`I'll tell you why I've come.I...I hope you won't be offended but,well...,'he began and then stopped. Suddenly his face went red.His whole body began to shake.Then another cough exploded from somewhere deep inside him.Still coughing,he took out a grey,dirty-looking handkerchief and spat into it.Afterwards he put the cigarette back into his mouth and inhaled deeply.As he did so,some ash fell on the carpet.The man looked around the room.He seemed to have forgotten what he wanted to say.Alison glanced at her watch and wondered when he would get to the point.She waited.'Nice place you've got here,'he said at last.91.How do you think Alison felt when she heard the knock at the door?A)Afraid.B)Irritated.C)Pleased.D)Curious.92.Who was the man at the door?A)Someone from work.B)A friend who needed advice.。
西北师范大学硕士、博士学位授予实施细则
西北师范大学硕士、博士学位授予实施细则第一章第一章 总总 则则第一条 为了贯彻执行《中华人民共和国学位条例》（中华人民共和国主席令第27号），保证学位授予工作质量，根据《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》（1985年5月20日国务院批准实施）及《西北师范大学学位评定委员会工作章程》（西师发[2009]220号），结合我校实际，特制订本实施细则。
第二条 我校硕士、博士学位按国务院学位委员会批准的学科、专业授予。
第三条 凡具有西北师范大学正式学籍的研究生，拥护中国共产党的领导，拥护社会主义制度，认真学习建设有中国特色的社会主义理论，愿意为社会主义建设服务，自觉遵守纪律和社会主义法制，品德良好，并具有一定学术水平者，均可按本细则的规定申请相应的学位。
但申请人不得同时向两个学位授予单位申请学位。
第二章第二章 基本要求基本要求基本要求第四条 授予硕士学位的基本要求：（一）掌握马克思主义的基本理论；（二）掌握本学科坚实的基础理论和系统的专门知识；（三）具有从事科学研究或独立担负专门技术工作和教学工作的能力；（四）一门外国语，要求熟练地阅读本专业的外文资料，并能撰写论文的外文摘要。
第五条 授予博士学位的基本要求：（一）较好地掌握马克思主义的基本理论；（二）掌握本学科坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识；（三）两门外国语。
第一外国语要求熟练地阅读本专业的外文资料，具有一定的听、说和写作能力；第二外国语要求有阅读本专业外文资料的初步能力。
个别学科、专业，经校学位评定委员会审定，可只考第一外国语；（四）具有独立从事科学研究或教学工作的能力；（五）在科学研究或专门技术上做出创造性的成果。
第三章第三章 考试课程和要求考试课程和要求考试课程和要求第六条 硕士研究生考试课程和要求：（一）马克思主义理论课；（二）一门外国语；（三）基础理论课和专业课，一般为三至四门。
申请硕士学位人员必须通过规定的课程考试，修满规定的学分，方可参加论文答辩。
西北师范大学教育学院838历史教学论[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编
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目 录2013年西北师范大学教育学院838历史教学论[专业硕士]考研真题2014年西北师范大学教育学院838历史教学论[专业硕士]考研真题2015年西北师范大学教育学院838历史教学论[专业硕士]考研真题材料二；今则万国交通，一切趋于尚同，而吾以一国衣服独异，则情意不亲，邦交不结矣.且今物质修明，尤尚机器，不相容者也。
且兵争之世，执戈跨马，辫尤不便，其势不能不去之。
欧美百数十年前，人皆辫发也，至近数十年，机器日新，兵事日精.乃尽敢之，今既举国皆兵，断发之俗，万国同风矣。
旦垂辫既易污衣*而蓄发尤增多垢，衣污则观瞻不美，沐难则卫生非宜，梳刮则费时甚多，若在国外，为外人指笑，儿童牵弄，既缘国弱，尤遭戏侮，斥为豚尾，出入不便.去之无损，留之反劳u断发虽始于热地之印度，创于尚武之翌马，而泰伯至德，端委治吴，何尝不先行断发哉？——康有为■（请断发易服改元折3材料三：“大半旗装改汉装，宫袍裁作短夜裳，脚跟形势先融化，说道莲钩六寸长'——戊戌变法时期的一首打油诗材料四：……断发易服是清毛朝最忌讳的事，清初用暴力手段强制汉人剃发留辫，又岂能在清廷的子孙中断送这一祖制一然而正是断发易服成为点燃人民大众反清斗争的火种.……当革命的矛头指向满清统治的时候，断发易服成为动员民众支持革命最有力的召唤.一广东省宣布独立之时，.老老少少争先泄后剪掉癖子，T1有2。
余力人，中山县纷纷成立翦辫会.一直深入到农村小城慎，剪瓣子成为中国人的盛大B日，-—刘志琴《服饰变迁——非文本的社会思潮》材料五；孙中山创制并带头穿着的立领、四袋式上装，在辛实革命后广为流行.这种庄重大方而又颇其中国门派的“中山装"在:相当长时期内被认为是标准的中国男式礼服，I.阅读材料一、材料二，思考并回答：辫子在哪些方面与近代社会格格不入，阻碍r社会的发展？s分）2.结合材料二、材料四，思考并回答：联系辫子与近代社会发展的关系，谈淡风俗变迁在社会剧变中的作用。
2015年西北师范大学333教育综合真题及答案
西北师范大学2015年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试业务课试题适用专业名称：学科教学、教育管理、小学教育、学前教育、现代教育技术、科学与技术教育、心理健康教育考试科目名称：教育综合科目代码：333注意：1、请将答案直接做到答题纸上，做在试题纸上或草稿纸上无效。
2、除答题纸上规定的位置外，不得在卷面上出现姓名、考生编号或其他标志，否则按违纪处理。
一，名词解释（每题5分，共40分）1、课程标准2、德育3、分斋教学法4、生活教育理论5、导生制6、恩物7、元认知8、品德二，简答题（每题10分，共80分）1、简述颜元对学校教育的改革。
2、夸美纽斯在教育学上的地位和贡献。
3、怎样培养学生的学习动机。
4、学校心里健康教育的途径。
5、学记的教学原则。
6、学校管理的发展趋势。
7、列举中小学常见的教学方法。
8、文艺复兴时期教育特点。
三，论述题（每题，15分，共30分）1、材料：黑龙江某学校的班主任在教师节期间向学生索要礼物，被曝光。
据此分析教师应该具有的品德。
2、学校教育在人的发展中起什么作用？为什么？2015年西北师范大学333教育综合真题答案一，名词解释（每题5分，共40分）1、课程标准【解析】课程标准是依照课程计划的要求，每门学科以纲要的形式编定的、有关学科教学内容的指导性文件。
它规定某门学科的性质与地位，是教材编写、教学、评估与考试命题的依据，是国家管理与评价课程的基础。
编写课程标准是课程开发的重要步骤。
课程标准的结构：说明部分、课程目标部分、内容标准部分、课程实施建议部分。
2、德育【解析】德育的概念有广义和狭义之分，广义的德育是指教育者根据一定社会的要求和受教育者身心发展的规律，有目的、有计划、有组织地在受教育者身上培养所期望的政治素质、思想素质、道德素质、法律素质等，以促使他们成为合格的社会成员的过程。
它包括政治教育、思想教育、道德教育和法律教育。
狭义的德育专指道德教育。
教育者根据一定历史时期社会的道德要求和个体的品德心理发展规律，有目的、有计划、有组织地在受教育者身上培养所期望的道德素质，使他们具有正确的道德观念、丰富的道德情感、坚强的道德意志、热切的道德观念和较高的道德实践能力，不断提升他们的道德境界的教育过程。
2009年攻读博士学位研究生考试试题-中国科学院研究生院
2009年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学统一考试试题科目名称：自然地理学考生须知：1．本试卷满分为100分，全部考试时间总计180分钟。
2．所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或草稿纸上一律无效。
一、名词解释（每题4分）1、变质作用2、河流阶地3、冰期与间冰期4、顶级群落二、简答题（每题8分）1、简述大陆与海洋的热力差异。
2、简述土壤的氧化还原反应与表征。
3、简述东亚季风和西南季风的形成及其差别。
三、问答题（任选三题，每题20分）1、试述河流与自然地理各要素的相互影响。
2、试述我国湖泊分布特点及其面临的主要问题。
3、试述自然区划的一般原则与方法。
4、试述生态系统物质循环过程与类型。
科目名称：自然地理学第1页共1页2009年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学统一考试试题科目名称：生态学考生须知：1．本试卷满分为100分，全部考试时间总计180分钟。
2．所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或草稿纸上一律无效。
一、名词解释（每题2分）1、生态位2、捕食食物链3、生物量锥体4、限制因子定律5、Meta种群6、生境破碎化7、底栖生物 8、下行效应二、简答题（每题8分）1、一种生物进入新的栖息地，自然种群的数量变动将会经过哪些过程，直至保持相对稳定或灭亡？2、请简述现代生态学的主要特点。
3、简述水体污染物的主要污染源和重要污染物。
三、问答题（任选三题，每题20分）1、全球气候变化是当今生态学研究中的热点，你认为目前地球气候是在变暖还是变冷？请你预测全球气候变化对湖泊等内陆水体生态系统的可能影响。
2、为什么说，在生态对策理论连续体系(K对策和r对策的生态特征)面前，密度制约因素与非密度制约因素对种群的调节作用是可以统一的？3、阐述湖岸或海岸生态系统的重要性。
4、从生态系统的角度谈谈人口增长对环境的影响。
科目名称：生态学第1页共1页2009年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学统一考试试题科目名称：环境化学考生须知：1．本试卷满分为100分，全部考试时间总计180分钟。
2015年西北师范大学333教育综合真题及答案
西北师范大学2015年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试业务课试题适用专业名称：学科教学、教育管理、小学教育、学前教育、现代教育技术、科学与技术教育、心理健康教育考试科目名称：教育综合科目代码：333注意：1、请将答案直接做到答题纸上，做在试题纸上或草稿纸上无效。
2、除答题纸上规定的位置外，不得在卷面上出现姓名、考生编号或其他标志，否则按违纪处理。
一，名词解释（每题5分，共40分）1、课程标准2、德育3、分斋教学法4、生活教育理论5、导生制6、恩物7、元认知8、品德二，简答题（每题10分，共80分）1、简述颜元对学校教育的改革。
2、夸美纽斯在教育学上的地位和贡献。
3、怎样培养学生的学习动机。
4、学校心里健康教育的途径。
5、学记的教学原则。
6、学校管理的发展趋势。
7、列举中小学常见的教学方法。
8、文艺复兴时期教育特点。
三，论述题（每题，15分，共30分）1、材料：黑龙江某学校的班主任在教师节期间向学生索要礼物，被曝光。
据此分析教师应该具有的品德。
2、学校教育在人的发展中起什么作用？为什么？2015年西北师范大学333教育综合真题答案一，名词解释（每题5分，共40分）1、课程标准【解析】课程标准是依照课程计划的要求，每门学科以纲要的形式编定的、有关学科教学内容的指导性文件。
它规定某门学科的性质与地位，是教材编写、教学、评估与考试命题的依据，是国家管理与评价课程的基础。
编写课程标准是课程开发的重要步骤。
课程标准的结构：说明部分、课程目标部分、内容标准部分、课程实施建议部分。
2、德育【解析】德育的概念有广义和狭义之分，广义的德育是指教育者根据一定社会的要求和受教育者身心发展的规律，有目的、有计划、有组织地在受教育者身上培养所期望的政治素质、思想素质、道德素质、法律素质等，以促使他们成为合格的社会成员的过程。
它包括政治教育、思想教育、道德教育和法律教育。
狭义的德育专指道德教育。
教育者根据一定历史时期社会的道德要求和个体的品德心理发展规律，有目的、有计划、有组织地在受教育者身上培养所期望的道德素质，使他们具有正确的道德观念、丰富的道德情感、坚强的道德意志、热切的道德观念和较高的道德实践能力，不断提升他们的道德境界的教育过程。
西北师范大学博士入学参考书目详解
西北师范大学博士入学参考书目代码考试科目参考书目2001 马克思主义基本原理（含原著）马克思主义原理与经典著作（含《共产党宣言》、《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》、《1844 年经济学哲学手稿》、《德意志意识形态》、《资本论》第一卷、《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》、《唯物主义与经验批判主义》）2002 教育原理《教育哲学通论》，黄济著，山西教育出版社，2001 年《教育理念的沉思与言说》，胡德海著，人民教育出版社，2005 年《现代教育论》，黄济、王策三著，人民教育出版社，1999 年《教育概论》，叶澜著，人民教育出版社，2006 年《民本主义与教育》，杜威著，商务印书馆《教育学原理》，胡德海著，甘肃教育出版社，2001 年2003 中国教育史《中国教育史》，孙培青著，华东师范大学出版社，2002 年《中国教育思想史》（一、二、三卷），孙培青著，华东师范大学出版社，1995 年《中国教育通史》，毛礼锐主编，山东教育出版社2004 比较教育学《比较教育导论》，顾明远、薛理银，人民教育出版社，1999 年《比较教育学史》，王承绪主编，人民教育出版社，1999 年《教育政策学》，袁振国主编，江苏教育出版社，2001年《比较教学论》，吴文侃，人民教育出版社，2006 年2005 现代教育技术原理《信息化教育概论》，南国农主编，高等教育出版社，2004 年《现代教育技术—走进信息化教育》，祝智庭主编，高等教育出版社，2005 年《教学设计原理》（第五版），加涅等著，华东师范大学出版社，2007 年《教学设计》，盛群力等，高等教育出版社，2005 年12月《电化教育研究》杂志，近三年以来各期有关论文2006 人类学理论与方法《教育人类学教程》，冯增俊主编，万明钢副主编，人民教育出版社2005 年《文化人类学理论方法研究》，黄淑娉，龚佩华著，广东高等教育出版社2004 年2007 心理学综合《心理学导论》，黄希庭著，人民教育出版社，2007 年（或同类教材）《普通心理学》，彭聃龄著，北京师范大学出版社，2012 年（或同类教材）《心理学与生活》，理查德.格里格（Richard J. Gerrig）、菲利普.津巴多（Philip G.Zimbardo）、王垒、王甦等译，人民邮电出版社，2005 年（或同类教材）《心理与教育研究法》，董奇、申继亮著，浙江教育出版社，2005 年（或同类教材）《实验心理学》（修订版），朱滢主编，北京大学出版社，2005 年（或同类教材）《实验心理学》，郭秀艳著，人民教育出版社，2007 年（或同类教材）《结构方程模型及其应用》，侯杰泰等著，教育科学出版社，2004 年（或同类教材）《认知时间相关脑电位教程》，魏景汉、罗跃嘉著，经济日报出版社，2002年（或同类教材）《认知神经科学基础》，魏景汉、阎克乐等著，人民教育出版社，2008 年（或同类教材）《神经科学》，（美）贝尔等编著，社高等教育出版社，2011 年（或同类教材）2008 汉语言文学综合《中国文学通史系列》，中国社会科学院文学研究所邓绍基等主篆，人民文学出版社，1997 年《20 世纪中国文学史》，严家炎主编，高等教育出版社，2010 年《中国语言学史》，濮之珍著，上海古籍出版社，2002 年2009 中国古代史《中国古代史》，朱绍侯主编，福建人民出版社2010 非线性泛函分析《非线性泛函分析》，（第二版）郭大钧编著，山东科学技术出版社，2002 年2011 抽象代数《代数学》，T. W. Hungerford 著，冯克勤译，湖南教育出版社2012 拓扑学《基础拓扑学讲义》，尤承业著，北京大学出版社，1997 年《Algebraic Topology:An Introduction 》,W.S.Massey,Springer-Verlag,19922013 测度论《Measure Theory》，P.R. Halmos, Springer-Verlag, 1975,1 〜9 章《测度论讲义》, 严加安编著，科学出版社2014 近世代数《近世代数》吴品三编著,人民教育出版社2015 泛函分析《泛函分析讲义》上册，张恭庆等著，北京大学出版社《实变函数论与泛函分析》（第二版），夏道行等，高等教育出版社，1984 年2016群论《物理学中的群论基础》，A.W.约什，科学出版社，1982年2017 高等无机化学《高等无机化学》，陈慧兰，高等教育出版社2005 年2018 高等仪器分析《仪器分析》，（第二版）周性尧等编著，高等教育出版社，1999年2019 高等有机化学《高等有机化学》，王积涛主编，人民教育出版社，1980年2020 高等物理化学《高等物理化学》，“ PhysicalChemistry ”Peter Atkins， Julio de Daula，Oxford，7th，2002.2021 高分子化学《高分子化学》，（第四版）潘祖仁主编，化学工业出版社2022 地理学综合《自然地理学》（第四版），伍光和，王乃昂，胡双熙，田连恕，张建明编著，高等教育出版社，2008年《现代自然地理学》，黄秉维，郑度，赵名茶等著，科学出版社，1999 《人文地理学导论》，顾朝林主编，科学出版社，2012. 《经济地理学》（第二版），李小建主编，高等教育出版社，2006. 《地理信息系统》（第 2 版），汤国安等著，科学出版社，2010。