英语数学名词大全

. 代数部分1.有关基本运算：add, plus加subtract减difference差multiply, times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radical sign, root sign根号round to四舍五入to the nearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms, similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5 x +6=22) 4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction, common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)common denominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenths unit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值，e.g.｜-32｜=32round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer, odd number奇数even integer, even number偶数integer, whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number, rational number实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15……prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15……reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子common factor公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence)等差数列geometric progression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数. direct proportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternate angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角. acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形. heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line, straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference, perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股cross section横截面center of a circle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边median of a triangle三角形的中线base底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数) opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直Pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的一般词汇数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加数augend, summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor. 商quotient等于equals, is equalto, is equivalent to大于is greater than小于is lesser than大于等于is equal or greater than小于等于is equal or lesser than运算符operator数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null, zero, nought, nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binary system十六进制hexadecimalsystem权weight, significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significant digit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial, multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor, y-factor, z-factor 等式，方程式equation一次方程simple equation二次方程quadratic equation三次方程cubic equation四次方程quartic equation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepowerof four, thefourth power n 次方thepowerof n, the nthpower开方evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根square root三次方根，立方根cube root四次方根the root of four, the fourth root n 次方根theroot of n, the nth root集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain, field of definition值域range常量constant变量variable. 单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.) infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber复数complex number矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point. 线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acute angle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straight angle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acute triangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse. 勾股定理Pythagorean theorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isosceles triangle等边三角形equilateral triangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width菱形rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond 正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isosceles trapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon. 多边形polygon正多边形equilateral polygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE), center(AmE)半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus, loca(pl.)相似similar全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube. 七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism棱台frustum of a prism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone圆柱cylinder圆台frustum of a cone球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates. 坐标轴x-axis, y-axis, z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc tangent反余切arc cotangent反正割arc secant反余割arc cosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE).外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribed circle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weighted average方差variance标准差root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation 比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normal distribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bar graph. 柱形统计图histogram折线统计图broken linegraph曲线统计图curve diagram扇形统计图piediagram其他数学词汇：mathematics数学theorem定理calculation计算operation运算arithmetic算术，四则运算addition加法subtraction减法multiplication乘法division除法和remainder余product积quotient商2 plus 1 equals3二加一等于三4 minus2 equals 2四减二等于二4 multiplied by 5, 4 times 5四乘以五addend加数plus sign加号minussign减号multiplicand被乘数multiplierdivisor除数dividend被除数decimal point小数点noughtpoint four零点四fraction分数ratio比proportion比例numerator分子common denominator 公分母exponent指数differentialcalculus微分学. integral calculus积分slide rule计算尺function函数derivative导数power幂,乘方to raise to the power of five使乘五次方x squared某数的平方cube三次方threecubed三次方的to the fourth power,to the power of four乘四次方square root平方根cube root. 立方根rule of three比例法logarithm对数logarithmtable对数表algebra代数equation等式，方程式unknown未知数simpleequation一次方程quadratic equation二次方程cubic equation三次方程微积分反函数: inverse function.幂函数: power function.指数函数: exponential function.对数函数: logarithmic function.三角函数: trigonometric function.反三角函数: anti-trigonometric function.复合函数: compound function.初等函数: elementary function.双曲函数: hyperbolic function.反双曲函数: anti-hyperbolic function.无穷小:infinitesimal.无穷大:infinity.连续性:continuity.间断点:discontinuous point.介值定理:intermediate value theorem.导数:derivative. 微分:differential.函数的单调性:monotonicity of function.曲线:curve. 曲线的凹凸性:concavity of curve.曲线的拐点: keen point of curve.曲率:curvature.不定积分: indefinite integral(indeterminate integral). 定积分: definite integral.广义积分:improper integral.空间解析几何:space analytic geometry.向量代数:vector algebra.空间直角坐标系:space rectangular coordinate system. 数量积:scalar product.向量积:vector product.混合积:triple product.曲面:surface.二次曲面:second-degree surface.线性代数Aadjont(adjugate) of matrix A A 的伴随矩阵augmented matrix A 的增广矩阵Bblock diagonal matrix 块对角矩阵block matrix 块矩阵basic solution set 基础解系CCauchy-Schwarz inequality 柯西- 许瓦兹不等式characteristic equation 特征方程characteristic polynomial 特征多项式coffcient matrix 系数矩阵cofactor 代数余子式cofactor expansion 代数余子式展开column vector 列向量commuting matrices 交换矩阵consistent linear system 相容线性方程组Cramer's rule 克莱姆法则Cross- product term 交叉项DDeterminant 行列式Diagonal entries 对角元素Diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dimension of a vector space V 向量空间V 的维数Eechelon matrix 梯形矩阵eigenspace 特征空间eigenvalue 特征值eigenvector 特征向量eigenvector basis 特征向量的基elementary matrix 初等矩阵elementary row operations 行初等变换Ffull rank 满秩fundermental set of solution 基础解系Ggrneral solution 通解Gram-Schmidt process 施密特正交化过程Hhomogeneous linear equations 齐次线性方程组Iidentity matrix 单位矩阵inconsistent linear system 不相容线性方程组indefinite matrix 不定矩阵indefinit quatratic form 不定二次型infinite-dimensional space 无限维空间inner product 内积inverse of matrix A 逆矩阵JKLlinear combination 线性组合linearly dependent 线性相关linearly independent 线性无关linear transformation 线性变换lower triangular matrix 下三角形矩阵Mmain diagonal of matrix A 矩阵的主对角matrix 矩阵Nnegative definite quaratic form 负定二次型negative semidefinite quadratic form 半负定二次型nonhomogeneous equations 非齐次线性方程组nonsigular matrix 非奇异矩阵nontrivial solution 非平凡解norm of vector V 向量V 的范数normalizing vector V 规范化向量Oorthogonal basis 正交基orthogonal complemen t 正交补orthogonal decomposition 正交分解orthogonally diagonalizable matrix 矩阵的正交对角化orthogonal matrix 正交矩阵orthogonal set 正交向量组orthonormal basis 规范正交基orthonomal set 规范正交向量组Ppartitioned matrix 分块矩阵positive definite matrix 正定矩阵positive definite quatratic form 正定二次型positive semidefinite matrix 半正定矩阵positive semidefinite quadratic form 半正定二次型Qquatratic form 二次型rank of matrix A 矩阵A 的秩r(A )reduced echelon matrix 最简梯形阵row vector 行向量Sset spanned by { } 由向量{ } 所生成similar matrices 相似矩阵similarity transformation 相似变换singular matrix 奇异矩阵solution set 解集合standard basis 标准基standard matrix 标准矩阵Isubmatrix 子矩阵subspace 子空间symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttrace of matrix A 矩阵A 的迹tr ( A )transpose of A 矩阵A 的转秩triangle inequlity 三角不等式trivial solution 平凡解Uunit vector 单位向量upper triangular matrix 上三角形矩阵vandermonde matrix 范得蒙矩阵vector 向量vector space 向量空间WZzero subspace 零子空间zero vector 零空间概率与统计Probability theory 概率论mathematical statistics 数理统计deterministic phenomenon 确定性现象random phenomenon 随机现象sample space 样本空间random occurrence 随机事件fundamental event 基本事件certain event 必然事件impossible event 不可能事件random test 随机试验incompatible events 互不相容事件frequency 频率classical probabilistic model 古典概型geometric probability 几何概率conditional probability 条件概率multiplication theorem 乘法定理Bayes's formula 贝叶斯公式Prior probability 先验概率Posterior probability 后验概率Independent events 相互独立事件Bernoulli trials 贝努利试验random variable 随机变量probability distribution 概率分布distribution function 分布函数discrete random variable 离散随机变量distribution law 分布律hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布random sampling model 随机抽样模型binomial distribution 二项分布Poisson distribution 泊松分布geometric distribution 几何分布probability density 概率密度continuous random variable 连续随机变量uniformly distribution 均匀分布exponential distribution 指数分布numerical character 数字特征mathematical expectation 数学期望variance 方差moment 矩central moment 中心矩n-dimensional random variable n-维随机变量two-dimensional random variable 二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution 联合概率分布joint distribution law 联合分布律joint distribution function 联合分布函数boundary distribution law 边缘分布律boundary distribution function 边缘分布函数exponential distribution 二维指数分布continuous random variable 二维连续随机变量joint probability density 联合概率密度boundary probability density 边缘概率密度conditional distribution 条件分布conditional distribution law 条件分布律conditional probability density 条件概率密度covariance 协方差dependency coefficient 相关系数normal distribution 正态分布limit theorem 极限定理standard normal distribution 标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布covariance matrix 协方差矩阵central limit theorem 中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality 切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's law of large numbers 贝努利大数定律statistics 统计量simple random sample 简单随机样本sample distribution function 样本分布函数sample mean 样本均值sample variance 样本方差sample standard deviation 样本标准差sample covariance 样本协方差sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数order statistics 顺序统计量sample median 样本中位数sample fractiles 样本极差sampling distribution 抽样分布parameter estimation 参数估计estimator 估计量estimate value 估计值unbiased estimator 无偏估计unbiassedness 无偏性biased error 偏差mean square error 均方误差relative efficient 相对有效性minimum variance 最小方差asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator 一致性估计量moment method of estimation 矩法估计maximum likelihood method of estimation 极大似然估计法likelihood function 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计值interval estimation 区间估计hypothesis testing 假设检验statistical hypothesis 统计假设simple hypothesis 简单假设composite hypothesis 复合假设rejection region 拒绝域acceptance domain 接受域test statistics 检验统计量linear regression analysis 线性回归分析。