ed形容词和ing形容词的用法区别

–ed形容词和–ing形容词的用法区别
在英语中，有一些动词是“使某人怎么样，令…怎么样”之意，宾语往往是人。

而这些词通常都由现在分词和过去分词转化出一对形容词。

从教学的难点上讲，第一，学生往往只熟悉两个形容词，而不知道其动词的用法；第二，两个形容词的用法不是很清楚。

以satisfy为例，来讲解上述两个问题。

1.satisfy作动词，其意义为“使…满意；令…满足”。

它的基本用法应该是：sth satisfy sb.如：
Nothing satisfies him-- he’s always complaining.
Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he did satisfied his boss.
学生一般熟悉sb is /was satisfied with sth/sb else 句型，而生疏了对它动词的基本用法。

2.Satisfy的ing与ed两种分词形式转化过来的两个形容词，（即satisfying，satisfied）非常常用、常考。

-ing形容词应该是其原动词转化过来的本意，即“令/使/叫人感到满意的”，陈述的是它所修饰的逻辑主语的特性，性质，具有主动的语义。

-ed 形容词其实是被动的含义，即“满意的，感到满意的”，陈述某人对某事某情况的一种内心感受。

这样的成对的形容词一般作定语，表语，和补足语，作状语较少。

1）satisfying 作定语时，陈述的是被它所修饰的名词具有“让人感到满意的”特性。

如：Satisfying deed 令人满意的事迹, satisfying progress令人满意的成绩,
satisfying words 令人满意的话语
satisfying作表语或补足语时，陈述主语或被补足语具有“令人/让人感到满意的”的特性。

如：
What he said is satisfying.
What he said makes his explanation satisfying.
Satisfied 作表语或补足语时，陈述主语或被补足成分对一种事物、情况（即所见、所闻等）的一种心里感觉“感到满意的”。

作定语时，如果被修饰的名词是人，陈述此人对某事物感到满意的，如果不是人，应理解为某人对某事物感到满意的心理感受通过该名称所代表的载体反应出来。

如：
His open class made the experts quite satisfied.他的公开课使专家们非常的满意。

The experts were satisfied with his class.专家对他的课感到很满意。

A satisfied teacher 一个感到满意的老师
A satisfied look 满意的神色
Satisfy的一对形容词作状语时，句子的主语是它的逻辑主语。

可以把句子的主语当成状语形容词的主语来进行判断做题。

-ed是人的内心感受，-ing是逻辑主语的性质、特征。

做题时，我们可以把句子的主语当成这对形容词的主语，这对形容词就看作表语，然后去掉主语和be动词(有时，satisfying其实具有动词特征)。

Satisfied at my words, my parents went out with a satisfied smile.
Greatly satisfying，his lecture attracted all the students.
Satisfying all people present, his lecture was given warming applauds.
Satisfy只是一个例子，来说明该类动词及其一对形容词的用法。

其他的这类动词可以类比satisfy来进行推用。

2）有上述语法特点的动词有:
Surprise ,astonish ,shock ,bore ,tire ,touch ,interest, please, delight, satisfy, disappoint, inspire,excitefrighten,terrify,satisfy,excite,puzzle,freeze,move,worry,amaze,annoy,encourage,
embarrass, frustrate, thrill, relax, fascinate, amuse, confuse, delight, shock等。

这些动词重在掌握-ing和-ed两种形容词的含义差别。

原则上说，由-ed分词转化来的形容词表被动含义，由-ing 分词转化来的形容词表主动含义。

根据以上的例子推理，“-ing 使/让/叫/令人…的”作定语时，用以陈述被修饰名词具有“令人/使人/让人感到…的”性质；作表语或补足语时，陈述句子主语或补足语具有“令人/让人感到…的”性质。

都是陈述逻辑主语所具有的特征。

The moving story moved us all.
What he said just is surprising.
His expression is frightening.
His frightening expression is terrifying.
The roar of the wind made the dark night frightening.
The interesting teacher often makes his classes interesting.
I’m interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。

He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。

He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。

“-ed 感到…的”（主要修饰人或可以有内心情感的动物，一般不用于说明事物）作定语，陈述被修饰的名词对某事物（逻辑主语对所见、所闻等）的一种心理感受；作表语或补足语时，陈述主语或被补足成分对某现象或某事物的一种心理感受。

说明逻辑主语所处的一种结果状态。

The dog was puzzled at what he had seen.
What you said made me puzzled /satisfied/pleased.
The pleased/satisfied lady left in a soft way.
My annoyed parents were not pleased.
有时-ed 作定语时修饰不是人或不是可以有内心情感的动物的名词时，不能按上述语义进行理解，而是理解为某人的一种心理感受呈现在何处。

-ed是表示心理感受的adj,被修饰的名词是呈现这种感受的载体。

做题时，根据题意和语境先去试用-ing，不合适再考虑-ed.这个地方是-ed分词作定语的难点。

这些名词一般是face, air, cry, appearance, mood, look, smile, voice, expression, talk等可以表现出人的情感的词。

比较并体会：
a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种“表情”的人感到害怕)
a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种“表情”令人害怕)
an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动)
an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)
He had a pleased smile on his face.
他脸上露出了满意的微笑。

He told me the news in a very excited voice.
他声音很激动地告诉了我这个消息。

第一句中的a pleased smile 意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；
第二句中的a very excited voice 指的是“很激动的声音”，即指的是某人因很激动而发生那样的声音。

He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。

He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。

I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。

I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。

这些动词的成对形容词作状语时，句子的主语是它的逻辑主语。

可以把句子的主语当成状语形容词的主语来进行判断做题。

-ed是人的内心感受，-ing是逻辑主语的性质、特征。

就是把句子主语看成这对形容词的主语，形容词作表语来做题，然后去掉主语和be动词。

Interested in trip, my parents travelled many attractions throughout the country .
Very interesting, his lecture was highly praised.
He stood there, dumbfounded.
The great earthquake broke out in Japan, shocking a lot.
三、学练结合请做做以下试题，看你是否能克服原来的思维定势，能否跳出命题人的陷阱：
1. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _____.
A. worried
B. to worried
C. worrying
D. worry
2. The little boy isn’t getting on well in maths and worse still, he is even unwilling to go to school. With her son _____, she feels very ______.
A. disappointing; worrying
B. disappointing; worried
C. disappointed; worried
D. disappointed; worrying
3. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, ______.
A. safe but tired
B. safely but tired
C. safe and tiring
D. safely and tiring
4. As we all know, typing is a ______ job to a ______ heart.
A. tired; tired
B. tired; tiring
C. tiring; tired
D. tiring; tiring
5. Poor boy! His________ looks and ________hands suggested he was very afraid.
A. frightful; trembling
B. frightened; trembling
C. frightening; trembled
D. frightened; trembled
6. _____ do you think of your English teacher? Is he _______?
A. What, interesting
B. What, interested
C. How, interesting
D. How, interested
7. Mr.Smith ,_____of the ______,started to read a newspaper .
A tired ,boring
B tiring ,bored
C tired ,bored
D tiring ,boring
8.It is believed that if a book is ________, it will surely ________ the reader.
A. interested; interest
B. interesting; be interested
C. interested; be interesting
D. interesting; interest
9.—I’m very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
— Mm, it does have a ________ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased
B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant
D. pleased; pleasant
答案：
1-6 ABACBA
答案与解析：
1. 选A。

句中的that punish…the law是定语从句。

句意是：因为他们小孩的违法行为而惩罚其
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父母，这样的法律使得做父母的感到忧虑。

表示人“感到忧虑的”用由过去分词转换而来的形容词。

2. 选B。

句意是：由于她的儿子令人失望，她感到非常烦恼。

表示“令人……的”用-ing 形容词；表示“感到……的”用-ed形容词。

3. 选A。

此题一方面考查形容词作状语(。

此题一方面考查形容词作状语(当形容词用作状语时，表示意义上的增补，和句子主语在逻辑上有主谓关系)，另一方面考查形容词tiring 与tired的用法区别，此处填tired表示“人感到疲惫的”，即选A。

4. 选C。

第一空填tiring，表示“使人劳累的”；第二空填tired，表示“感到劳累的”。

5. 选B。

第一空填frightened，其意为“感到害怕的”；第二空填trembling表示动作的进行。

也就是说，frightened说明主语因……而产生的情绪反应，从而影响到人的身体部位……trembling。

练习：
一用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空
1. The children were ____after the trip. （tire）
2. The trip was____. （tire）
3. The ____children went to bed early after the trip. （tire）
4. The ____trip lasted a whole day. （tire）
5. The trip made the children____. （tire）
6. The bad weather made the trip____. （tire）
7. Tom’s parents are ____ at his ____ results of the exams．（disappoint）
8. ____and angry, he left the meeting-room. （disappoint）
9. It is ____that he didn’t pass the examination．（disappoint）
10. When hearing the____ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were____to look at
each other. （surprise）
11. He was ____ about his ____ son. （worry）
12. I'm not ____with his interpretation of this sentence. （satisfy）
13. He was ____with the ____person. （annoy）
14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a____ look on his face. （frighten）
15. The situation here is ____and we are____. （encourage）
答案：
1. tired
2. tiring
3. tired
4. tiring
5. tired
6. tiring
7. disappointed, disappointing)
8. Disappointed
9. disappointing
10. surprising; surprised 11. worried; worrying 12. satisfied 13. annoyed; annoying 14. frightened 15. encouraging; encouraged。