雪莱生平

雪莱生平（1792-1822）

Percy Bysshe Shelley was born in 1792, into a wealthy Sussex

family .The young Shelley entered Eton, a prestigious school for boys, at the age of twelve. While he was there, he discovered the works of a philosopher named William Godwin, in which he became a fervent believer; the young man wholeheartedly embraced the ideals of liberty and equality espoused by the French Revolution. Entering Oxford in 1810, Shelley was expelled the following spring for his part in authoring a pamphlet entitled The Necessity of Atheism.

At the age of nineteen, Shelley eloped with Harriet Westbrook, the sixteen-year-old daughter of a tavern keeper. Not long after, he promptly fell in love with Godwin's daughter Mary Wollstonecraft, whom he was eventually able to marry. In 1816, the Shelleys traveled to Switzerland to meet Lord Byron.Then the two men became close friends. After a time, they formed a circle of English expatriates in Pisa.In 1822, Shelley drowned while sailing in a storm off the Italian coast. He was not yet thirty years old.

Shelley belongs to the younger generation of English Romantic poets, the generation that came to prominence while William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge were settling into middle age. Where the older generation was marked by simple ideals and a reverence for nature, the poets of the younger generation (which also included John Keats and the infamous Lord Byron) came to be known for their sensuous aestheticism, their explorations of intense passions, their political radicalism, and their tragically short lives.

Shelley died when he was twenty-nine, Byron when he was thirty-six, and Keats when he was only twenty-six years old. To an extent, the intensity of feeling emphasized by Romanticism meant that the movement was always associated with youth, and because Byron, Keats, and Shelley died young (and never had the opportunity to sink into conservatism and complacency as Wordsworth did), they have attained iconic status as the representative tragic Romantic artists. Shelley's life and his poetry certainly support such an understanding, but it is important not to indulge in stereotypes to the extent that they obscure a poet's individual character. Shelley's joy, his magnanimity, his faith in humanity, and his optimism are unique among the Romantics; his expression of those feelings makes him one of the early nineteenth century's most significant writers in English.

雪莱，（Percy Bysshe Shelley，1792～1822）英国著名民主诗人。出身乡村地主家庭，20岁入牛津大学，因写反宗教的哲学论文<<无神论的必然性>>被学校开除。投身社会后，又因写诗歌鼓动英国人民革命及支持爱尔兰民族民主运动，而被迫于1818年迁居意大利。在意大利，他仍积极支持意大利人民的民族解放斗争，1822年渡海遇风暴不幸船沉溺死。雪莱是跟拜伦齐名的欧洲著名浪漫主义诗人。其作品热情而富哲理思辨，诗风自由不羁，常任天上地下、时间空间、神怪精灵往来变幻驰骋，又惯用梦幻象征手法和远古神话题材。其最优秀的作品有评论人间事物的长诗《仙后麦布》(1813)，描写反封建起义的幻想性抒情故事诗《伊斯兰的反叛》（1818），控诉曼彻斯特大屠杀的政治诗《暴政的行列》（1819），支持意大利民族解放斗争的政治诗《自由颂》（1820），表现革命热情及胜利信念的《西风颂》（1819），以及取材于古希腊神话，表现人民反暴政胜利后瞻望空想社会主义前景的代表诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》（1819）等。

雪莱浪漫主义理想的终极目标就是创造一个人人享有自由幸福的新世界。他设想自己是日夜飞翔的夭使、飘浮蓝空的云朵、翱翔太空的云雀，乃至深秋季节的西风，是新世界理想的传播者、歌颂者、号召者。他以美丽的语言、丰富的想象描绘了这个新世界的绚丽画面，而且豪迈地预言：“如果冬天已经来临，春天还会远吗？” 因此，恩格斯赞美雪菜是“天才的预言家”。

主要作品

诗歌

爱尔兰人之歌（The Irishman`s Song，1809）

战争（War，1810）

魔鬼出行（The Devil`s Walk，1812）

麦布女王（Queen Mab，1813）

一个共和主义者有感于波拿巴的倾覆（Feelings Of A Republican On The Fall Of Bonaparte，1816）

玛丽安妮的梦（Marianne`s` Dream，1817）

致大法官（To The Lord Chancellor，1817）

奥西曼迭斯（Ozymandias，1817）

逝（The Past，1818）

一朵枯萎的紫罗兰（On A Faded Violet，1818）

召苦难（Invocation To Misery，1818）

致玛丽（To Mary，1818）

伊斯兰的反叛（The Revolt of Islam，1818）

西风颂（Ode To The West Wind，1819）

饥饿的母亲（A Starving Mother，1819）

罗萨林和海伦（Rosalind and Helen，1819）