英语考试真题及答案
2023考研英语一真题及答案
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China, North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically__1__outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments or__2__.This word"Caravanserais"is a__3__of the Persian word"karvan",which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.The Perm caravan was used to __4__groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the10th century onwards,as merchant and travel routes become more developed,the __6__of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road__7__possibility of being attacked by thieves or being__8__to extreme conditions.For this reason,Caravanserais were strategically placed__9__they could be reached in a day's travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal__10__point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road.__11__,those structures became important centers for culture__12__and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,__13__talking knowledge with them, greatly__14__the development of several civilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and__15__in the trade of goods along the Silk Road.__16__,it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and__17__supplies for their own journeys.It is__18__that around120,000to15, 000caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,__19__only about3000are known to remain today,many of which are in__20__.1.[A]displayed[B]occupied[C]located[D]equipped2.[A]privately[B]regularly[C]respectively[D]permanently3.[A]definition[B]transition[C]substitution[D]combination4.[A]classify[B]record[C]describe[D]connect5.[A]apart from[B]instead of[C]such as[D]along with6.[A]construction[B]restoration[C]impression[D]evaluation7.[A]doubted[B]faced[C]accepted[D]reduced8.[A]assigned[B]subjected[C]accustomed[D]opposed9.[A]so that[B]even if[C]now that[D]in case10.[A]talking[B]starting[C]breaking[D]meeting11.[A]By the way[B]On occasion[C]In comparison[D]As a result12.[A]heritage[B]revival[C]exchange[D]status13.[A]with regard to[B]in spite of[C]as well as[D]in line with14.[A]completing[B]influencing[C]resuming[D]pioneering15.[A]aided[B]invested[C]failed[D]competed16.[A]rather[B]indeed[C]otherwise[D]however17.[A]go in for[B]stand up for[C]close in on[D]stock up on18.[A]believed[B]predicted[C]recalled[D]implied19.[A]until[B]because[C]unless[D]although20.[A]ruins[B]debt[C]fashion[D]seriesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy,a conservative member of the board who sympathises with the views of the energy sector,is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.“In the national standards,everything has to do with climate change—that’s very lopsided,”she claims.“There are as many scientists working against all the panic of global climate change as there are those who are pushing it.Texas is an energy state and we need to recognise that.You need to remember where your bread is buttered.”Most scientists and independent experts sharply dispute her views.“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan boardmembers,rather than facts and sound scholarship,”says Dan Quinn,senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network,a non-profit group that monitors public education.“They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.”Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world,as researchers, policymakers,teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education,a non-profit group of scientists and teachers,looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes,gave barely half of US states a grade B+or higher.Among the10worst performers were some of the most populous states,including Texas,which was given the lowest grade(F)and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centre’s deputy director,cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards,“that does not mean it will be taught”,he says.Another issue is that,while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages—such as earth and space sciences in high schools—it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught,such as biology and chemistry.It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that,even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change,unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21.In paragraph1,the weather in Texas is mentioned toA.forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.B.stress the consequences of climate change.C.indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting.D.draw the public's attention to energy shortages.22.What does Quinn think of Hardy?A.she exaggerates the existing panic.B.she denies the value of scientific work.C.she shows no concern for pre-teens.D.she expresses self-contradictory views.23.The study mentioned in Paragraph5A.climate education is insufficient at state public schools.B.policy makers have little drive for science education.C.Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.D.environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.24.According to Branch,state-level science standards in the USA.call for regular revisionB.require urgent applicationC.have limited influenceD.cater to local needs25.It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schoolsA.agree to major public demandsB.reflects teachers'personal biasC.may mispresent the energy sectorD.can be swayed by external forcesText2Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the2010s.Now,with record-high home prices and historically low inventory,there’s an increased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below1percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,”said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns,“employers are having a hard time attracting employees,and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,”Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,pointed out Ryan Castle,CEO of a local association of realter.“A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry,and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,”Castle said,“and so it’s a cyclical effect.”Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue,said Keren Horn,an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston.“I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing.If it’s their vacation home anyway,and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?”Horn said.Issues arise,however,when developers attempt tocreate large-scale short-term rental facilities—de facto hotels—to bypass taxes and regulations.“I think the question is,shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel,but disguising it as not a hotel,be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?”Horn said.At the end of2018,Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers.“The bill requires every rental host to register with the state,mandates they carry insurance,and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,”the Globe reported. Boston took things even further,limiting who is authorized to rent out their home,and requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. The only way to solve the issue,however,is by creating more housing.“If we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is we have to build a lot more.”26.Which of the following is true of New England?A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.B.Its communities are in need of funding.C.Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.D.Its home prices are under strict control.27.The bill mentioned in Paragraph2was intended toA.curb short-term rental speculation.B.ensure the supply of cheap housing.C.punish illegal dealings in housing.D.allow a free short-term rental market.pared with Castle,Taylor is more likely to supportA.further investment in local tourism.B.an increase in affordable housing.C.strict management of real estate agents.D.a favorable policy for short-term workers.29.What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph5?A.The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B.The efficient operation of the local housing market.C.The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D.The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.30.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements isA.an irrational decision.B.an unfeasible proposal.C.an unnecessary measure.D.an inadequate solution.Text3If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of the Duchess of Sussex’s new children’s book The Bench,you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit;the same may be true of The President's Daughter,the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House,a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year,when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones“at a very significant level”.The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables,display spaces and windows,and were“quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me:“Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH,the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade.We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.We do this generally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops.In the meantime,PRH authors have been the losers-as have customers,who might expect the new titles from the country’s biggest publisher to be prominently displayed by its biggest book retailer.Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,but it’s those mid-list authors,who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers,who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher,Simon&Schuster-the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars,lower advances,and more conformity in terms of what is published.And one wonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the way it has if it weren’t quite such a big company(it was formed with the merger of Penguin and Random House in2013)and likely to get bigger.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers,publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,”says Lownie.“The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices.After all,many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31.the author mentions two books in the paragraph1to presentA.an ongoing conflictB.an intellectual conceptC.a prevailing sentimentD.a literary phenomenon32.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?A.To make them easily noticeable.B.To comply with PRH's requirement.C.To respond to PRH's business move.D.To arrange them in a systematic way.33.What message did the spokesman of Waterstones seem to convey?A.their customers remain royalB the credit limit will be removedC.their stock is underestimatedD.the book market is rather slack34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerablyB Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticismC Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name author's booksD Waterstones branches sutter a severe reduction in revenue35.Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?A Small publishers ought to stick togetherB Big publishers will lose their dominanceC The publishing industry is having a hard timeD The merger of publishers is a worrying trendText4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research.Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than30,000journals.The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways,including the perceived quality of the journal(as reflected bythe title’s impact factor)and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates.The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce,but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.Citation cartels,where journals,authors,and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time.In2016,researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns,including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently,another expression of this predatory behavior:so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles.The advent of electronic publishing and authors’need to find outlets for their papers resulted in thousands of new journals.The birth of predatory journals wasn’t far behind.These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in an issue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers.In other instances,there is absolutely no relationship between the content of the article and the citations.The peculiar part is that the journal that the editor is supposedly working for is not profiting at all—it is just providing citations to other journals.Such practices can lead an article to accrue more than150citations in the same year that it was published.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation?In one example,an individual—acting as author,editor,and consultant—was able to use at least15journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities.The problem is rampant in Scopus,which includes a high number of the new“international”journals.In fact,a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.Scopus itself has all the data necessary to detect this malpractice.Red flags include a large number of citations to an article within the first year.And for authors who wish to steer clear of citation cartel activities:when an editor,a reviewer,or a support service asks you to add inappropriate references,do not oblige and do report the request to the journal.36.According to Paragraph1,the careers of scientists can be determined by[A]how many citations their works contain[B]how many times their papers are cited[C]the prestige of the people they work with[D]the status they have in scientific circles37.The support service consultancies tend to[A]recommend journals to their clients.[B]list citation patterns their clients.[C]ask authors to include extra citations[D]advise contributors to cite each other38.The Function of the“milk cow”journals is to[A]boost citation counts for certain authors[B]help scholars publish articles at low cost[C]instruct First-time contributors in citation[D]increase the readership of new journals.39.What can be learned about Scopus From the last two paragraphs?[A]It fosters competition among citation providers[B]It has the capability to identify suspicious citations[C]It hinders the growth of"international"journals[D]It established to prevent citation manipulation40.What Should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?[A]Take legal action[B]Demand an apology.[C]Seek professional advice[D]Reveal their misconductPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Last year marked the150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson.Jackson snapped the1st-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons,Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies.On a late19th-century expedition through the Yellowstone Basin that was conducted by the head of the U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories,Ferdinand V.Hayden.The team included a meteorologist,a zoologist,a mineralogist,and an agricultural statistician.[B]Two centuries ago,the idea of preserving nature,rather than exploiting it,was a novel one to many U.S.settlers.One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts—and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular—came in the form of vivid photographs.[C]As an effective Washington operator,Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals.He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings,to each member of Congress.“The visualization, particularly those photographs,really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,”says Murphy.[D]Throughout the trip,Jackson juggled multiple cameras and plate sizes using the“collodion process”that required him to coat the plates with a chemical mixture,then expose them and develop the resulting images with a portable darkroom.The crude technique required educated guesses on exposure times,and involved heavy,awkward equipment—several men had to assist in its transportation.Despite these challenges,Jackson captured dozens of striking photos, ranging from majestic images like his now-famous snapshot of Old Faithful,to casual portraits of expedition members at the camp.While veterans of previous expeditions wrote at length about stunning trail sights,these vivid photographs were another thing entirely.[E]The journey officially began in Ogden,Utah on June8,1871.Over nearly four months, dozens of men made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone Lake.That fall,they concluded the survey in Fort Bridger, Wyoming.[F]Though Native Americans(and later miners and fur trappers)had long recognized the area’s riches,most Americans did not.That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region,from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna.In addition to the entourage of scientists,the team also included artists:PainterThomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.[G]The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor.In quick succession,the Senate and House passed legislation protecting Yellowstone in early1872. That March,President Ulysses S.Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world’s first national park.Some locals opposed the designation,the decision was largely accepted—and Jackson’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area.“I don’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the time frame that it did without those images,”says Hansen,journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls,Rangers and Rogues, Bisonord Bears:100years of the national Park Service.[H]Perhaps most importantly,these images provided documentary evidence of the park’s sights that later made its way to government officials.Weeks after completing the expedition,Haydencollected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives,along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved(and that his department deserved additional funds).41.B—A—42.F—E—43.D—H—44.C—45.GPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)There has been some exploration around the use of AI in digital marketing.For example,AI can be used to analyse what type of advertising content or copy would be appropriate to'speak'to a specific target customer group by revealing information about trends and preferences through the analysis of big data.46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyle choices of customers regarding their hobbies,favourite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.At the same time,AI can also be used to generate content for social media posts and chat sites.AI can also provide a bridge between the need of the brand to communicate emotionally with the customer and identifying their rapidly changing needs.While working at PWC,Norbert Wirth wrote an article on AI where identified that marketers are equally eager and hesitant in adopting Al,because synthesizing all these different functions presents them with new challenges.Al can help marketers to create clear marketing messages and choose the most attractive marketing mix for each target segment.A specific example would be the use of AI in developing the customer journey by automating all the different touchpoints (when the organization should contact the potential customer)through behavioural analytics so that they are the most effective for that customer or customer group.The main disadvantage of using AI to respond to customers is that there are concerns about trusting personal interactions to machines,which could lead not only to the subsequent loss of interpersonal connections,but also to a decrease in marketing personnel.47)Some believe that AI is negatively impacting on the marketer’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs,but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.By allowing Al to develop content some brand marketers may find that they are losing control over the brand narrative.48)Algorithms that are used to simulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns,especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using AI to interact with customers will be.For Al to be successful,data needs to be accessible,but the use of personal data is becoming more regulated and the automated sharing of data is becoming more difficult.49)lf customers are not willing to share data,Al will be starved of essential information and will not be able to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication. Therefore,unless customers are prepared to sign release agreements,the use of Al may become somewhat restricted in the future.Not only can Al help to create the marketing content,but it can also provide a non-intrusive way of delivering the content to the target customers.Data can be gathered on where the customer can be engaged,such as location,devices used,website interactions,and sites visited,to display marketing messages in appropriate forms,including emails,social media posts,pop-up advertisements,and banners at an appropriate frequency.50) The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing messages in a way that is sensitive to the needs of the target customer is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.Understanding humans may be complicated,but we reveal a considerable amount about what appeals to us through our browsing history.(46)AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regarding their hobbies, favorite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.【参考译文】社交媒体还可以识别包括消费者的爱好、最爱的名人和时尚等的生活习惯的选择，从而在通过社交媒体发布的营销信息中提供独一无二的内容。
全国英语等级考试一级阅读完整真题及答案
全国英语等级考试一级阅读完整真题及答案第一节词语配伍从右栏所给选项中选出与左栏各项意义相符的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
51.People look up new words in it.52.People use it to keep off the rain.53. People take it in the morning.54. People wear it to get to know the time.55. People read it for reports of the latest events.A. cameraB. televisionC. watchD. umbrellaE. breakfastF. dictionaryG. newspaper第三部分阅读理解第一节词语配伍51.用来查询生词。
52.用来挡雨。
53.早上吃的饭。
54.戴着它来掌握时问。
55.读它来了解最新事件的报道。
A.照相机B.电视机C.手表D.雨伞E.早餐F.字典G.报纸51.F52.D53.E54.C55.G第二节短文理解1阅读下面短文，从A.(Right)、B.(Wrong)、C.(Doesn’t say)三个判断中选择一个正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Farmers do not like crows (乌鸦) because these birds eat newly-planted seeds (种子). They are afraid that they will not have anything left in autumn if the birds eat up all the seeds.It is hard for farmers to get close enough to kill crows. Crows have very good eyes and good hearing. They are also very careful. While some are eating the newly-planted seeds, others sit on the tallest trees around the fields. "Caw-caw-caw," cries the first crow to see farmers coming. All the other "lookout" crows join in the crying and then, in no time at all, there is not a crow to be seen. Farmers have found several ways to kill crows. But it is good that there are still crows about. These birds are our friends. They pay for the seeds they eat by killing pests(害虫). One pest, for example, can eat up several plants in a few hours. With thousands of them at work in one night, we might find ourselves without food to eat. This is why we should not try to kill off the crow.56. According to the writer, crows only bring troubles to farmers.A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn't say57. It is not easy for farmers to kill crows.A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn't say58. Farmers can get paid by killing pests.A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn't say59. Up to now, no ways have been found to kill crows.A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn't say60. Crows eat seeds and pests at night.A. RightB. WrongC. Doesn't say第二节短文理解l农民不喜欢乌鸦，因为这些鸟会吃掉新种下的种子。
英语四级考试真题试卷附答案
英语四级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a ne ws report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm orga nized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words b ut no more than 180 words.______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________________Part III Reading prehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You a re required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices g iven in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throug h carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is i dentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answ er Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use a ny of the words in the bank more than once.The center of American automobile innovation has in the past dec ade moved 2,000 miles away. It has __26__ from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are ing to life.In a __27__ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced __28__ that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road."Michigan's __29__ in auto research and development is under atta ck from several states and countries which desire to __30__ our lea dership in transportation. We can't let that happen," says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead __31__ of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would __32__ a substantial u pdate of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly tot al freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. The y would be allowed to send groups of self- driving cars on cross-stat e road trips, and even set up on-demand __33__ of self-driving cars , like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the mercial application of self-driving technology. In __34__ , Califor nia, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more __35__ rule s that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, an d ban mercial use of self-driving technology.A) bidB) contrastC) deputyD) dominanceE) fleetsF) knotsG) legislationH) migratedI) replaceJ) representK) restrictiveL) rewardM) significantN) sponsorO) transmittedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information gi ven in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than onc e. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians (百岁老人). Worldwide, probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live t o 107.B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for p ublic finances given the associated health and pension challenges. T hese challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address the m. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happ ens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simpl y equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of lif e, not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are heal thier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of wo rk and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for long er, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying th at “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly ov er a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for lon ger.D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make mitments such as buying a house, getting m arried, having children, or starting a career; These are all fundame ntal mitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962,50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that mileston e (里程碑) had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one facto r is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held . So if you believe you will live longer, then options bee more valua ble, and early mitment bees less attractive. The result is that the mitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new st age of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only fo r financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot mo re, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, the n you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your lat e 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of poten tial inactivity is harmful to cognitive (认知地) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to d o it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work ma y secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such p ersistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible asset s such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship. H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single sh ot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained,60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technologica l change, either your skills will bee unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life , have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely, then’ that the traditional three-stage life will ev olve into multiple stages containing two, three, or even more diffe rent careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal a chievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or being an independent producer, yet another on making a social contri bution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different citi es, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills. J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest i n their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be force d as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how yo u manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increas ingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and eve n wele it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage l ife has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader wo rks of friends, and being open to new ideas will bee even more cruc ial skills.L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequen cing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M) With this variety will e the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all rou ghly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few yea rs of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduat e at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30,50, or 70; and bee an independent producer at any age.N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and so cial norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifes pans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by contin uous work, and then plete retirement may have worked for our par ents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believethat to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older fo r longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being young er longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have mo re careers than now.37. Just extending one's career may have both positive and negati ve effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their mar riage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan» young people today no longer f ollow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to consta ntly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do h arm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a m ulti-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange t heir work and life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. Whe n the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully fo r its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you shoul d check what you have written.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow (誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband— bees seriously ill."Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also ex periencing the stress of divorce," said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University sinc e 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partn ers was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset (发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They foun d that, overall,31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The inc idence of new chronic (慢性地) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands t han wives developing serious health problems."We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up i n the face of illness," Karraker said."They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the ones who bee ill, they're more likely to get divorced."While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wive s but not husbands bee seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible r easons."Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses," Karraker said."And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in o lder ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective part ners than divorced women."Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging p opulation, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the r elationship between disease and risk of divorce."Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves m ay reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she s aid."But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs."46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elde rly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can bee increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wiv es.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouse s according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.B) Stabilizing old couples' relations.D) Making men pay for their wives, health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling's (兄弟姐妹地) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you l ess?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic hea d-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a mon cogni tive (认知地) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store f amiliar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cogn ition, found that the "wrong" name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, frie nds. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychologic al significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, "but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group."The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred w here the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,7 00 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; othe rs were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects a bout incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked ab out times when subjects had themselves called someone close to th em by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as like ly as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, bu t that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mi x up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their chil dren more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. The re was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?A) It is related to the way our memories work.B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about mi snaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They bee worn out more often.C) They municate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.PartⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。
大学英语四六级 考试真题及参考答案
之1999年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案1999年1月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案一、单选题第1题：The Space Age ______ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.A) initiated B) originated C) embarked D) commenced【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第2题：John said that he didn't quite _______ and asked me to repeat what I had said.A) snatch up B) summon up C) catch on D) watch out【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第3题：When he tried to make a ______ , he found that the hotel that he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.A) complaint B) claim C) reservation D) decision【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第4题：A budget of five dollars a day is totally _______ for a trip round Europe.A) inadequate B) incapable C) incompatible D) invalid【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第5题：In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled worker is ______. A) shrinking B) obscuring C) altering D) constraining【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第6题：The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to ______ the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.A) decrease B) subtract C) minimize D) degrade【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第7题：If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by nations to limitlocal _______ .A) collisions B) combats C) contradictions D) conflicts【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第8题：Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when ______ in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door .A) gliding B) cruising C) piloting D) patrolling【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第9题：In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ______ in Chicago and New York City. A) homogeneously B) simultaneously C) spontaneously D) harmoniously【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第10题：The court considers a financial ______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A) option B) duty C) obligation D) penalty【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第11题：I think that I committed a _______ in asking her because she seemed very ups et by my question.A) blunder B) revenge C) reproach D) scandal【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第12题：Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.A) commonplace B) standardized C) competitive D) generalized【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第13题：They have always regarded a man of ______ and fairness as a reliable friend .A) robustness B) temperament C) integrity D) compactness【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第14题：All individuals are required to ______ to the laws made by their governments.A) obey B) conform C) concede D) observe【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第15题：The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been _______ .A) identified B) guaranteed C) notified D) conveyed【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第16题：It is very strange but I had an ______ that the plane would crash.A) inspiration B) intuition C) imagination D) incentive【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第17题：The changing image of the family on television provides ______ into changing attitudes toward the family in society.A) insights B) presentations C) revelations D) specifications【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第18题：The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax ______ .A) efficiency B) revenues C) privileges D) validity【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第19题：Bill is an example of a severely disabled person who has become _______ at many survival skills.A) proficient B) persistent C) consistent D) sufficient【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第20题：The ties that bind us together in common activity are so ______ that they ca n disappear at any moment.A) trivial B) fatal C) tentative D) feeble【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第21题：During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to ______ building materials to the upper floors.A) toss B) tow C) hoist D) hurl【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第22题：Diamonds have little ______ value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A) extinct B) permanent C) surplus D) intrinsic【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第23题：The kitchen was small and ______ so that the disabled could reach everything without difficulty.A) conventional B) compact C) compatible D) concise【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无第24题：He will______ resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.A) doubtfully B) adequately C) presumably D) reasonably【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第25题：The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ______ his financial situation.A) with respect to B) in accord with C) regardless of D) in terms of【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第26题：The original elections were declared ______ by the former military ruler.A) void B) vulgar C) surplus D) extravagant【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第27题：They stood gazing at the happy ______ of children playing in the park.A) perspective B) view C) landscape D) scene【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第28题：An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women's status in society will ______through the current law system in Japan.A) permeate B) probe C) violate D) grope【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第29题：When he realized he had been _______ to sign the contract by intrigue, he threatened tostart legal proceedings to cancel the agreement.A) elicited B) excited C) deduced D) induced【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第30题：These areas rely on agriculture almost ______ , having few mineral resources and a minimumof industrial development.A) respectively B) extraordinarily C) incredibly D) exclusively【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无二、阅读理解第31题：Many Americans harbour a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as grea t as some people believe. “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there. ”Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California , Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plant's weight is made up of natural pesticides (杀虫剂). Says he :“Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare. ” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strongcarcinogens-a substance which can cause cancer. Mushrooms (磨菇) might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives(添加剂). Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University :“We've got fat worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made. ”Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day be cause of what they eat and drink.To make good food and water supplies even better, the Government needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain, from field s to processing plants to kitchens.1.What does the author think of the Americans' view of their food?A) They overstate the government's interference with the food industry.B) They are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.C) They overestimate the hazards of their food.D) They overlook the risks of the food they eat.2.The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because .A) no food is free from pollution in the environment.B) pesticides are widely used in agriculture.C) many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicals.D) almost all foods have additives.3.By s aying“they employ chemical warfare”(Line 4, Para. 2), Bruce Ames means “_______”.A) plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseases.B) plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growth.C) farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plants.D) farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases.4.The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on .A) the government. B) the consumer.C) the processor. D) the grower.5.What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?A) Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.B) Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.C) Health food is not a dream in modern society.D) There is reason for caution but no cause for alarm with regard to food consumption.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第32题：There are some each phenomena you can count on, but the magnetic field, someday is not of them. It fluctuates in strength, drifts from its axis, and every few 100,000 years undergo, dramatic polarity reversal-a period when north pole becomes south pole and south pole becomes north pole. But how is the field generated, and why is it so unstable?Groundbreaking research by two French geophysicists promises to shed some light on the mystery. Using 80 metres of deep sea sediment(沉淀物)core, they have obtained measurments lots of magnetic-field intensity that span 11 polarity reversals and four million years. The analysis reveals that intensity appears to fluctuate with a clear, well-defined rhythm. Although the strength of the magnetic field varies irregularly during the short term, there seems to be an inevitable longterm decline preceding each polarity reversal. When the poles flip-a process that takes several hundred thousand years-the magnetic field rapidly regains its strength and the cycle is repeated. The results have caused a stir among geophysicists. The magnetic field is thought to originate from molten (熔化的) iron in the outer core, 3,000 kilometers beneath the earth's surface. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730, 000 years ago. How and why they occur, however, has been widely debated. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor(陨星)impacts. But Peter Olson, a geophysicist at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says this is unlikely if the French researchers are right. In fact, Olson says intensity that predictably declines from one reversal to the next contradicts 90 percent of the models currently under study. If the results prove to be valid geophysicists will have a new theory to guide them in their quest to understand the earth's inner physics. It certainly points the direction for future research.1.Which of the following titles is most appropriate to the passage?A) Polarity Reversal: A Fantastic Phenomenon of Nature.B) Measurement of the Earth's Magnetic-Field Intensity.C) Formation of the Two Poles of the Earth.D) A New Approach to the Study or Geophysics.2.The word“flip”(Line 6, Para. 2)most probably means“______”.A) decline B) intensify C) fluctuate D) reverse3.What have the two French geophysicists discovered in their research?A) Some regularity in the changes of the earth's magnetic field.B) Some causes of the fluctuation of the earth's magnetic field.C) The origin of the earth's magnetic field.D) The frequency of polarity reversals.4.The French geophysicists' study is different from currently prevailing theories in ______ .A) its identification of the origin of the earth's magnetic field.B) the way the earth's magnetic intensity is measured.C) its explanation of the shift in the earth's polarity.D) the way the earth's fluctuation rhythm is defined.5.In Peter Oslo's opinion the French experiment ______ .A) is likely to direct further research in the inner physics of the earth.B) has successfully solved the mystery of polarity reversals.C) is certain to help predict external disasters.D) has caused great confusion among the world's geophysicists.1小题>、【正确答案】：D2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第33题：Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We al so use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are“good”and others are“bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that_______ .A) they would not be able to tell the texture of objects.B) they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them.C) they would not be happy with a life without love.D) they would do things that hurt each other's feelings.2.According to the passage, people's learning activities are possible because they_______ .A) believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive.B) benefit from providing help and support to one another.C) enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing.D) know what is vital to the progress of society.3.It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependenton _______.A) the ability to make money.B) the will to work for pleasure.C) the capacity to enjoy incentives.D) the categorizations of our emotional experiences4.Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because _______.A) they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B) they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C) they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D) they generate more love than hate among people.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in thatthey_______ .A) help society exploit its members for profit.B) encourage us to perform important tasks.C) help to perfect the legal and penal system.D) help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：C3小题>、【正确答案】：C4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：D【参考解析】：无第34题：The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. I n short, driven by careerism, “the nation's colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials(文凭)than in providing a quality education f or their students. ”The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an“integrated core”of common learning. Such a core would introduce students“to essential knowledge, to connections across the disci plines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. ”Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed:“Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most. ” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that“There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications. ”1.When a college tries to be “all things to al people” (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to_______ .A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously.B) focus on training students in various skills.C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible.D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends.2.By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Lin es4-5, Pare. 1)the author means that the teaching in these areas ______ .A) ignores the actual situation.B) is not based on the right perspective.C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning.D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students.3.One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that_______ .A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges.B) students don't have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn.C) skills are being taught as a means to an end.D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials.4.American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _______ .A) most of them lack high-quality faculties.B) the interests of most faculty members lie in research.C) there are not enough incentives for students to study hard.D) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching .5.It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _______ .A) putting academic work in the proper context.B) a commitment to students and effective teaching.C) the practice of putting leaning to productive ends.D) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge.1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：B3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：D5小题>、【正确答案】：B【参考解析】：无三、编辑加工题第35题：Many parents who welcome the idea of turning off the TV and spending more time with the family are still worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. They remember thinking up all sort of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful, somehow. When there's nothing to do, these parents observe regretfully, their kids seem unable to come up with any thing to do besides turning on the TV. One father, for example, says. “Whe n I was a kid, we were always thinking up things to do, projects and games. We certainly never complained in an annoying way to our parents, ‘I have nothing to do!’”He compares this with his own children today: “They're simply lazy. If someone doesn't ente rtain them, they'll happily sit there watching TV all day. ”There is one word for this father's disappointment: unfair. It is as if he were disappointed in them for not reading Greek though they have never studied the language. He deplores(哀叹)his children's lack of inventiveness, as if the ability to play were something innate(天生的)that his children are mising . In fact, while the tendency to play is built into the human species, the actual ability to play-to imagine, to invent, to elaborate on reality in a playful way-and the ability to gain fulfillment from it, these are skills that have to learned and developed.Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parents' disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources, to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and interesting people.Questions: (注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分，每条横线限定一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。
学位英语考试真题及答案解析(一)
学位英语考试真题及答案解析(一)一、词汇与语法结构A) I am looking forward to _______ with you next week.A) meet B) meeting C) meets D) to meet答案：B解析：本题考查的是动词的用法。
动词短语“look forward to”后面应该跟动名词形式，因此选项B“meeting”是正确的。
A) _______ is important to learn a foreign language.A) Practice B) Practicing C) Practices D) Practiced答案：A解析：本题考查的是主语和谓语动词的一致性。
主语“Practice”是名词，因此谓语动词应该用单数形式，选项A“Practice”是正确的。
A) _______ he said, I don't believe him.A) Although B) However C) Whatever D) No matter what答案：C解析：本题考查的是连词的用法。
根据句意，我们需要一个表示“无论他说什么”的连词，因此选项C“Whatever”是正确的。
二、阅读理解阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。
One of the major risks of the Internet is the issue of privacy. With the amount of personal information we share online, there is a possibility that our data could be misusedor stolen. It is important for us to be cautious and take necessary measures to protect our privacy.Another challenge is the spread of misinformation. The Internet allows anyone to publish information, which meansthat not all of it is reliable or accurate. It is crucial for us to develop critical thinking skills and verify the sources of information before accepting it as true.In conclusion, while the Internet has its risks and challenges, it is an indispensable tool in our modern society. By being aware of these risks and taking necessary precautions, we can fully enjoy the benefits it offers.A) The Internet has only brought disadvantages to our lives.B) It is not important to protect our privacy online.D) The Internet has provided us with a vast amount of information.答案：D解析：根据短文一段的内容，我们可以得知选项D是正确的，因为短文提到互联网为我们提供了大量的信息。
英语专八试卷真题及答案
英语专八试卷真题及答案 Revised final draft November 26, 20202004年英语专八试卷真题及答案PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKLanguage is used for doing things. People use it in everyday conversation for transacting business, planning meals and vacations, debating politics, and gossiping. Teachers use it for instructing students, and comedians use it for amusing audiences. All these are instances of language use - that is activities in which people do things with language. As we can see, language use is really a form of joint action.What is joint action I think it is an action that is carried out by a group of people doing things in coordination with each other. As simple examples, think of two people waltzing, or playing a piano duet. When two dancers waltz, they each move around the ballroom in a special way. But waltzing is different from the sum of their individual actions. Can you imagine these two dancers doing the same steps, but in separate rooms, or at separate times So waltzing is, in fact, the joint action that emerges as the two dancers do their individual steps in coordination, as a couple.Similarly, doing things with language is also different from the sum of the speaker speaking and the listener listening. It is the joint action that emerges when speakers and listeners, or writers and readers, perform their individual actions in coordination, as ensembles. Therefore, we can say that language use incorporates bothindividual and social processes. Speakers and listeners, writers and readers, must carry out actions as individuals, if they are to succeed in their use of language. But they must also work together as participants in the social units I have called ensembles. In the example I mentioned just now, the two dancers perform both individual actions, moving their bodies, arms, and legs, and joint actions, coordinating these movements, as they create the waltz. In the past, language use has been studied as if it were entirely an individual process. And it has also been studied as if it were entirely a social process. For me, I suggest that it belongs to both. We cannot hope to understand language use without viewing it as joint actions built on individual actions. In order to explain how all these actions work,I'd like to review briefly settings of language use. By settings, I mean the scene in which language use takes place, plus the medium - which refers to whether language use is spoken or written. And inthis talk, I'll focus on spoken settings.The spoken setting mentioned most often is conversation - either face to face, or on the telephone. Conversations may be devoted to gossip, business transactions or scientific matters, but they're all characterized by the free exchange of terms among the two participants. I'll call these personal settings. Then we have what I would call nonpersonal settings. A typical example is the monologue.In monologues, one person speaks with little or no opportunity for interruption, or turns by members of the audience. Monologues come in many varieties too, as a professor lectures to a class, or a student giving a presentation to a seminar. These people speak for themselves, uttering words they formulated themselves for the audience before them, and the audience isn't expected to interrupt. In another kindof setting which are called institutional settings, the participantsengage in speech exchanges that look like ordinary conversation, but they are limited by institutional rules. As examples, we can think of a government official holding a news conference, a lawyercross questioning a witness in court, or a professor directing a seminar discussion. In these settings, what is said is more or less spontaneous, even though turns at speaking are allocated by a leader, or are restricted in other ways.The person speaking isn't always the one whose intentions are being expressed. We have the clearest examples in fictional settings. Vivian Leigh plays Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone with the Wind", Frank Sinatra sings a love song in front of a live audience, the speakers are each vocalizing words composed by someone else - for instance a playwright or a composer - and are openly pretending to be expressing opinions that aren't necessarily their own. Finally there are private settings when people speak for themselves without actually addressing anyone else, for example, I might explain silently to myself, or talk to myself about solving a research problem, or rehearsing what I'm about to say in a seminar tomorrow. What I say isn't intended to be recognized by other people, it is only of use to myself. These are the features of private settings.SECTION B TALKW: Good evening, I'm Nancy Johnson. The guest on our radio talk this evening is Professor Wang Gongwu. Hello, Professor Wang.M: Hello.W: Professor Wang, you're now professor emeritus of Australia National University, and in your long academic career, you've wornmany hats as tutor, lecturer, department head, dean, professor, and vice chancellor. However, as I know, you're still very fond of your university days as a student.M: That's right. That was in 1949. The university that I went to was a brand new university then, and the only one in the country at that time. When I look back, it was an amazingly small university, and we knew everybody.W: How did the students like you, for example, study thenM: We didn't study very hard, because we didn't have to. We didn't have all this fantastic competition that you have today. Mmm. We were always made to feel that getting a first degree in the Arts faculty was not preparation for a profession. It was a general education. We were not under any pressure to decide on our careers, and we had such a good time. We were left very much on our own, and we were encouraged to make things happen.W: What do you see as the most striking difference in university education since thenM: University education has changed dramatically since those days. Things are very specialized today.W: Yes, definitely so. And, in your subsequent career experience as an educator and later administrator in various institutions of higher education in Asia and elsewhere, Professor Wang, you have repeatedlynoted that one has to look at the development of education in one particular country in a broad context. What do you mean by thatM: Well, the whole world has moved away from elite education in universities to meet the needs of mass education, and entering universities is no longer a privilege for the few. And universities today are more concerned with providing jobs for their graduates in a way that universities in our time never had to be bothered about. Therefore, the emphasis of university programs today is now on the practical and the utilitarian, rather than on a general education or on personal development.W: Do you think that is a welcome developmentM: Well, I personally regret this development. But the basicbachelor's education now has to cater to people who really need a piece of paper to find a decent job.W: So you're concerned about this development.M: Yes, I'm very concerned. With technical changes, many of the things that you learn are technical skills, which don't require you to become very well educated. Yet, if you can master those skills, you can get very good jobs. So the technical institutions are going to be increasingly popular at the expense of traditional universitites.W: Professor Wang, let's look at a different issue. How do you comment on the current phenomenon because of the fees they payM: Well, once you accept students on financial grounds, one wonders whether you have to pass them as well. But this is the development in education that we have to contend with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards, what we can do is to concentrate on improving the quality of education.W: Yes, you're right. A university is judged by the quality of education it offers. Professor Wang, let's turn to the future. What type of graduates, in your view, to universities of the future need to produce, if they are to remain relevantM: I think their graduates must be able to shift from one profession to another, because they are trained in a very independent way. If you can do that, you raise the level of the flexibility of the mind. Today's rapid changes in technology demand this adaptability. And you see the best universities in the world are already trying to guarantee that their students will not only be technically trained, but will be the kind of people that can adapt to any changing situation.W: I guess many people would agree with you on that point. University education should focus on both personal and professional development of students. But still some might believe there is a definite place for education in a broader sense - that is, in personal intellectual development.M: No doubt about that. We need people who will think about the future, about the past, and also people who will think about society.If a society doesn't have philosophers, or people who think about the value of life, it's a very sad society indeed.W: Professor Wang, my last question: do you see any common ground in education between your generation and the young generation nowM: Adapting to new challenges is perhaps the true cornerstone of our generation's legacy to education. And the future of education in a country rests not so much on the construction of better buildings, labs, etc., but in the development of an ever adaptable mind.W:That's true. The essence of education is the education of the mind. Okay, thank you very much, Professor Wang, for talking to us on the show about the changing trends in education.M: You're welcomeSECTION CA new data shows that the global AIDS pandemic will cause a sharp drop in life expectancy in dozens of countries, in some cases, declines of three decades. Several nations are losing a century's progress in extending the length of life. Nations in every part of the world, 51 in all, are suffering declining life expectancies because of an increasing prevalence of HIV infection. The increase is occurring in Asia, Latin America, and the Carribbean, but is greatest in sub Saharan Africa, a region with only 10% of the world's population but 70% of the world's HIV infections. Seven African countries have life expectancies of less than 40 years. For example, in Botswana, where 39% of the adult population is infected with HIV,life expectancy is 39 years. But by 2010, it will be less than 27 years. Without AIDS, it would have been 44 years. Life expectancy throughout the Carribbean and some Central American nations will drop into the 60's by 2010, when they would otherwise have been in the70's without AIDS. In Cambodia and Burma, they are predicted to decline to around 60 years old, to what otherwise would have been in the mid 60's. Even in countries where the number of new infections is dropping, such as Thailand, Uganda, and Senegal, small life expectancy drop is forecast. Back in the early 1990's, we never would have suspected that population growth would have turned negative because of AIDS mortality. In less than 10 years, we expect that 5 countries will be experiencing negative population growth because of AIDS mortality, including South Africa, Mozambique, Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland.Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.The European Union has drafted alist of US products to be hit with import taxes in retaliation for tariffs the United States has imposed on European steel. EU member governments will review the list before the EU submits it to the World Trade Organization, which arbitrates international trade disputes. EU officials will not say which American products will be hit by the EU sanctions. But diplomats monitoring the most recent trans Atlantic trade dispute say they include textiles and steel products.Earlier this month, the Bush administration imposed tariffs of up to 30 percent on some steel imports, including European products.The EU has appealed to the World Trade Organization to get those duties overturned. But a WTO decision on the matter could take up to a year or more. EU officials say that, under WTO rules, the EU has the right to impose retaliatory measures in June. But they saythe United States can avoid the EU's possible countermeasures if it pays more than two billion dollars in compensation to the EU for imposing the steel tariffs in the first place. The officials say Washington could also escape retaliation by lowering U.S. import duties on other EU products. The Bush administration says it will not pay compensation.SECTION D TALKGood morning. Today's lecture will focus on how to make people feel at ease in conversations. I guessall of you sitting here can recall certain people who just seem to make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you've known them half your life. These people who have that certain something that makes us feel comfortable have something in common, and once we know what that is, we can go about getting some of that something for ourselves. How is it done Here are some of the skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they will help you put people at their ease, make them feel secure, and comfortable, and turn acquaintances into friends. First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy, will answer a question. In fact, according to my observation, very shy persons are often more willing to answer questions than extroverts. They are more concerned that someone will think them impolite if they don't respond to the questions. So most skillful conversationalists recommend starting with a question that is personal, but not harmful. For example, once a famous American TV presenter got a long and fascinating interview from a notoriously private billionaire by asking him about his first job. Another example, one prominent woman executive confesses that at business lunches, "I always ask people what they did that morning. It's a dull question, but it gets things going." From there, you can move on to other matters, sometimes to really personal questions. Moreover, howyour responder answers will let you know how far you can go. A few simple catchwords like "Really" "Yes" are clear invitations to continue talking. Second, once good talkers have asked questions,they listen for answers. This point seems obvious, but it isn't in fact. Making people feel comfortable isn't simply a matter of making idle conversation. Your questions have a point. You're really asking, "What sort of person are you" and to find out, you have to really listen. There are at least three components of real listening. Forone thing, real listening means not changing the subject. If someone sticks to one topic, you can assume that he or she is reallyinterested in it. Another component of real listening is listeningnot just to words but to tones of voice. I once mentioned D.H. Lawrence to a friend. To my astonishment, she launched into an academic discussion of the imagery in Lawrence's works. Midway through, I listened to her voice. It was, to put it mildly, unanimated, and it seemed obvious that the imagery monologue was intended solely for my benefit, and I quickly changed the subject. At last, real listening means using your eyes as well as your ears. When your gaze wanders, it makes people think they're boring your, or what they are saying is not interesting. Of course, you don't have to stare, or glare at them. Simply looking attentive will make most people think that you think they're fascinating. Next, good talkers are not afraid to laugh. If you think of all the people you know who make you feel comfortable, you may notice that all of them laugh a lot. Laughter is not only warming and friendly, it's also a good wayto ease other people's discomfort. I have a friend who might enjoy watching at gathering of other people who do not know each other well. The first few minutes of talk are a bit uneasy and hesitant, for the people involved do not yet have a sense of each other. Invariably, alight comment or joke is made, and my friend's easy laughter appears like sunshine in the conversation. There is always then a visible softening that takes place. Other people smile, and loosen in response to her laughter, and the conversation goes on with more warmth and ease.Finally, good talkers are onces who cement a parting. That is, they know how to make use of parting as a way to leave adeep impression on others. Last impressions are just as important as first impressions in determining how a new acquaintance will remember you. People who make others really feel comfortable take advantage of that parting moment to close the deal. Men have had it easier. They have done it with a smile, and a good firm handshake. What about women then Over the last several years, women have started to take over that custom well between themselves or with men. If you'resaying goodbye, you might want to give him or her a second extra hand squeeze. It's a way to say, I really enjoyed meeting you. But it'snot all done with body language. If you've enjoyed being with someone, if you want to see that person again, don't keep it a secret. Let people know how you feel, and they may walk away feeling as ifthey've known you half their life. Okay, just to sum up. Today, we've talked about four ways to make people feel at ease in conversations. These skills are important in keeping conversations going, and in forming friendships later on. Of course, these skills are by no means the only ones we can use. the list is much longer. I hope you willuse these four skills, and discover more on your own in your conversations with other people. Now you have two minutes to check your notes, and then please complete the 15 minute gap filling taskon Answer Sheet One.This is the end of listening comprehension.试题Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the talk.1. The parallel between waltzing and language use lies in ____.A. the coordination based on individual actionsB. the number of individual participantsC. the necessity of individual actionsD. the requirements for participants2. In the talk the speaker thinks that language use is a(n) ____ process.A. individualB. combinedC. distinctD. social3. The main difference between personal and non-personal settings is in ____.A. the manner of language useB. the topic and content of speechC. the interactions between speaker and audienceD. the relationship between speaker and audience4. In fictional settings, speakers ____.A. hide their real intentionsB. voice others' intentionsC. play double roles on and off stageD. only imitate other people in life5. Compared with other types of settings, the main feature of private setting is ____.A. the absence of spontaneityB. the presence of individual actionsC. the lack of real intentionsD. the absence of audienceSECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the interview.6. What was education like in Professor Wang's daysA. Students worked very hard.B. Students felt they needed a second degree.C. Education was not career－oriented.D. There were many specialized subjects.7. According to Professor Wang, what is the purpose of the present－day educationA. To turn out an adequate number of elite for the society.B. To prepare students for their future career.C. To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each programme.D. To set up as many technical institutions as possible.8. In Professor Wang's opinion, technical skills ____.A. require good educationB. are secondary to educationC. don't call for good educationD. don't conflict with education9. What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of fee-paying studentsA. Shifting from one programme to another.B. Working out ways to reduce student number.C. Emphasizing better quality of education.D. Setting up stricter examination standards.10. Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPT ____.A. those who can adapt to different professionsB. those who have a high flexibility of mindC. those who are thinkers, historians and philosophersD. those who possess only highly specialized skillsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 45 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.11. Which of the following regions in the world will witness the sharpest drop in life expectancyA. Latin America.B. Sub Saharan Africa.C. Asia.D. The Caribbean.12. According to the news, which country will experience small life expectancy dropA. Burma.B. Botswana.C. Cambodia.D. Thailand.13. The countries that are predicted to experience negative population growth are mainly in ____ .A. Asia.B. Africa.C. Latin America.D. The Caribbean.Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. The trade dispute between the European Union and the US was caused by ____. refusal to accept arbitration by WTO imposing tariffs on European steel refusal to pay compensation to EU refusal to lower import duties on EU products15. Who will be consulted first before the EU list is submitted to WTOA. EU member states.B. The United States.C. WTO.D. The steel corporations.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Conversation SkillsPeople who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations are good talkers. And they have something in common, i.e. skills to put people at ease.1. Skill to ask question1) be aware of the human nature: readiness to answer other's questions regardless of (1)____2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questions about one's (2)____ job.questions about one's activities in the (3)____3) be able to spot signals for further talk2. Skill to (4)____for answers1) don't shift from subject to subject-sticking to the same subject: signs of (5)____in conversation.2) listen to (6)____of voice - If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject.3) use eyes and ears - steady your gaze while listening3. Skill to laughEffects of laughter:- ease people's (7)____- help start (8)____4. Skill to part1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contact2) ways:- men: a smile, a (9)____- women: same as (10)____ now- how to express pleasure in meeting someone.(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______(6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______PART II PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error and three are free from error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the b lank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “／” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.If the line is correct, place a V in the blank provided at the end of the lineExampleWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anIt never buys things in finished form and bangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museum (3) vwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (4) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - eitherstanding committees, special committees set for a specific(1)____purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)____Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)____groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)____and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)____There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)____committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)____widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)____to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. (9)____Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)____Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.TEXT AFarmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the U.S. and Japan are luckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U.S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U.S. agricultural support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step was necessary to "promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations". It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in November's mid term elections.Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that。
2023年12月英语四级真题及答案(第1套)
Part2023年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第1套）I Writing(30minutes)Directions:Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on what in their university impresses them most.You are now to write an essay for submission.You will have30 minutes to write the essay.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A.He noticed the driver was too young to drive.B.He found there was no one sitting at the wheel.C.He thought something must be wrong with the driver.D.He saw the driver changing lanes much too frequently.2. A.Buy a sports car.B.Drive across town.C.Leave CaliforniaD.Visit his sister.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A.How they change the way we shop.B.How they alter human skeletons.C.How they cause increased headaches.D.How they affect our communication.4. A.It loosens.B.It brightens.C.It hardens.D.It softens.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A.Create Internet pages for him.B.Ask a local pet shop to adopt him. an orange tree after him.D.Hold a birthday party for him.6. A.He is a bold and aggressive pet.B.He pays regular visits to village shops.C.He once bit a doctor’s receptionist.D.He likes to sit on the hairdresser’s chair.7. A.He is fond of luxury cat food.B.He likes to stay in villagers’houses.C.He knows everybody in the village.D.He often seeks food around her pub.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A.Who to order the food.B.Whether to have sandwiches.C.When to go for their meal.D.Where to have their lunch. 第１页，共９页9. A.In the shopping center nearby.B.In the expensive Italian style diner.C.At the sandwich place on Camden Street.D.At the American restaurant they frequent.10.A.There is to be a conference call.B.She has to meet with her boss then.C.There will be crowds of people waiting for her.D.She will have a photo taken with Brigette Clark.11.A.She doesn’t deem homemade soup tasty.B.She doesn’t think his wife cooks well.C.She feels Jeremy would rather dine out.D.She has found the soup smells terrible.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.A landlady.B.A waitress.C.A receptionist.D.A saleswoman.13.A.He was involved in a terrible car accident last April.B.He has much difficulty getting up and down stairs.C.He is expected to undergo a knee operation.D.He prefers to stay next door to the children.14.A.To please his parents-in-law.B.To find the best trip for his kids.C.To satisfy his curiosity.D.To compare prices.15.A.Visit a local art gallery.B.Go on a boat trip.C.Take some photos of the islands.D.Try her hand-made clothing.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.They are more intelligent than many of us.B.They have already become our new friends.C.They have begun to affect our social behavior.D.They play increasingly more important roles.17.A.Whether it might have any effect on the way we negotiate.B.Whether it might actually outperform human negotiators.C.Whether it can facilitate business transactions.D.Whether it can speed up legal procedures.18.A.Choose to be tough.B.Sympathize with their opponent.e deceptive strategies.D.Appear to be pleasant.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.They were perceived differently by some academics.B.They still existed six months after the course ended.C.They varied greatly among the course participants.D.They were only measurable within seven weeks.20.A.They can be easily seen among participants in a healthy weight range.B.They should be attributed to participants’change in diet behaviors.C.They are linked to cooking confidence and cooking satisfaction.D.They actually result from eating more fruits and vegetables.第２页，共９页21.A.Gender.B.Confidence.C.Health.D.Practice.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A.It keeps others away.B.It causes discomfort.C.It remains visible.D.It varies in size.23.A.It makes us feel uncomfortable.B.It renders the acquaintance a stranger.C.It brings the acquaintance closer to us.D.It causes the bubble around us to vanish.24.A.In personal space.B.In social space.C.Within a distance of18inches.D.Over2feet away from one another.25.A.When we begin to feel fear.B.When we develop a sense of space.C.When we are3or4years old.D.When we enter our teens.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Exercising for just10minutes a week is linked to a longer life,according to a new study published in The British Journal of Sports Medicine.Several recent studies have found that even low-intensity exercise,done for a short amount of time,can have a meaningful26 on health.Still,the idea that exercising for just10minutes a week may be enough to increase your lifespan is novel.It’s also somewhat27 ,since the federal physical activity guidelines recommend getting at least75minutes of vigorous exercise or150minutes of28 exercise each week.The study was based on data from more than88,000U.S.adults who29 in the National Health Interview Survey between1997and2008.Contrary to some research that has found an30 limit to the amount of exercise that is healthy,the researchers found that there was31 no limit to the longevity(长寿)benefits of exercise.Even the small group of people who got10times the amount of exercise recommended by the federal government had a46% lower32 of death than the least active group.Still,observational studies like this one cannot prove cause and effect;they can only find33 .The researchers also were not able to34 for certain lifestyle factors that could affect lifespan,including dietary habits and changes in physical activity over time.Despite these35 ,the study’s results are yet another indication第３页，共９页Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.How Climate Change Will Affect What You EatA.Earlier this year,scientists warned that one in six animal species could go extinct(灭绝的)due to climatechange.Could the same thing happen to our crops and other foodstuffs too?B.It’s clear that farmers in many parts of the world are going to find things harder in the coming decades.Last week,BBC Future explored one scientist’s efforts to help crops cope with the increased probability of droughts.By using the genes from resurrection(复活)plants,Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town is exploring whether she can design crops to survive for much longer periods without water.C.But if we can’t find ways to protect other foods,will they survive climate change?Fortunately,there issome good news on this front.Despite alarmist headlines about“foods that are going extinct,”there is no evidence that major food types like beans,chocolate,wine,corn or wheat will cease to exist.D.But that doesn’t mean it’s all good news for future food.We will probably have to change where we growcertain crops,as some regions get too hot.The disadvantage,obviously,is that local farmers will suffer under this situation.And some people may struggle to get the same access to certain foods.“Even if overall food production may be unaffected,food security can still be impacted,”says Margaret Walsh,a scientist at the U.S.Department of Agriculture’s Climate Change Program Office.In other words,even if a certain food is still grown on some corner of the Earth,it doesn’t mean that everyone will continue to have the same degree of access as today.E.Overall,the yields of many foods,from staples to life-enhancing extras such as coffee and chocolate,willlikely be impacted by climate change too.How those decreases will be felt will depend on the degree of warming and the crop in question,but in general,“anything over about30°C is very bad for crops,”says Wolfram Schlenker,an associate professor of international and public affairs at Columbia University.For example,statistical studies that he and a colleague built of corn and soybean(大豆)production in the U.S.show a steep decline after crossing the30°C temperature threshold(临界点).F.In the U.S.—the world’s largest producer of corn and soybeans—farms can move north to some degree,Schlenker says.But eventually,yields will likely suffer because the soil north of Iowa declines in quality —a legacy of glacial(冰川的)expansion.Other studies,including studies of wheat in India and corn in Africa,also found that there is a threshold above which yields sharply decline:crops can adapt and move, but only to a point.“What’s common to all studies is the finding that extreme heat is damaging to crop growth,although exact cutoffs vary by crop,”Schlenker says.“If predictions for the end of the century are true,though,I think a lot of agricultural areas in the U.S.will see significant hits.”G.Under current conditions,about4%of the world’s croplands experience drought in any given year,but bythe end of the century those conditions are forecasted to jump to about18%per year.Some studies indicate that horticulture crops—generally,everything besides staples—may be impacted most severely, largely because they tend to be confined to a smaller geographic area.Researcher Andrew Jarvis and his colleagues found that80%of coffee-growing zones in Central America and Brazil could become unsuitable by2050,for example,while climate change will likely have“great impacts”on cocoa(可可粉) production in West Africa.“High quality chocolate will be less available in the future,and if you want it, you’ll have to pay a lot more for it,”Jarvis says.第４页，共９页H.This means that,for those who can afford it,some foods will simply cost them more in the future.But forpoorer people,those same price jumps will likely cause certain foods to go extinct from their diets.“The more you reduce,the shorter the supply,and the higher the price will jump,”Schlenker says.I.Another potential climate change-induced problem is our dependence on commodity crops—wheat,soybeans,corn and rice—which currently provide humanity with75%of its calories,either directly or indirectly through the animals we raise on those crops.Jarvis and his colleagues also found that,over the past five decades,the world has seen an increasing standardisation of diets;the foods we eat globally today are36%more similar than they were in1961.While this can be good news for the world’s poorest people who now consume more calories,protein and fat than in the past,homogeneity(同一性)and over-dependence on a handful of staples leaves us vulnerable to threats such as drought,disease and pests—all of which are predicted to worsen in many parts of the world as a result of climate change.J.There are ways we could soften the coming blow to the global food supply,however.Like Farrant’s work with resurrection crops,a number of companies,organisations and researchers are aiming to create drought-and temperature-resistant crops through genetic engineering and conventional breeding.For now, the jury is still out as to how successful those endeavours will be.“The people at Monsanto who I’ve talked to are much more optimistic that they’ll be able to engineer heat-tolerant crops,”Schlenker says.“On the other hand,scientists at the USDA who I’ve spoken with are much more cautious.”K.Until genetic engineering comes to fruition,other strategies might also help in some places,including applying more fertiliser,implementing better irrigation,using machinery that gets crops out of the field faster or installing storage facilities to delay spoilage.“Many places could benefit a great deal just by using technologies that already exist,”Walsh says.“General farm management can go a long way toward easing changes.”L.Finally,diversifying our diet away from heat-sensitive wheat,corn,rice and other crops could also help.“We’ve seen profound changes in the last decades in what we eat largely as a result of international trade, and I think that trend toward more diversification will continue,”Jarvis says.“Depending on a greater number of plant species creates a more vigorous and less risky food system—and one that provides a broader range of nutritional requirements.”36.One consequence of climate change is that some people may not have adequate access to certain foods.37.People around the world are eating foods more similar than what they used to eat.38.A recent news report talked about scientific efforts to help crops survive droughts through geneticengineering.39.It is predicted that climate change will affect the availability and price of quality chocolate.40.People wonder if certain crops and foodstuffs could disappear like some animal species due to climatechange.41.Although farms in the U.S.can move a bit northward,crop yields may decrease.42.One possible solution to the food security problem is diversification of diet.43.It remains unsettled whether the global food supply problem can be solved by creating heat-tolerant cropsthrough genetic engineering.44.Poor people may have to give up eating certain foods because of their high prices.45.A number of existing farming technologies could be used to reduce the negative effect of climate changeon food production.第５页，共９页。
自考英语二历年真题及答案(全)
自考英语二历年真题及答案(全)自考英语二历年真题及答案(全)【前言】自考英语二是许多自考生的必修课程之一。
为了帮助考生更好地备考，本文将提供自考英语二历年真题及答案的全面整理和总结。
【一、阅读理解】阅读理解是英语二考试的重点部分。
以下是历年真题中的一道例题及其答案：Passage 1:Among British academics, Sweden has long been regarded as a land of milk and honey, where you will find well-funded, large student numbers, supportive administrative staff and an agreeable teaching load. However, more than half of Sweden's Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are feeling the strain and some are at the point of collapse.While the underlying cause may be the same as in the UK - more students than ever before and fewer resources - it is the Swedish government's decision to support this expansion by increasing the number of degree-awarding powers that has been fatal. In the name of choice and diversity, a policy that originated in the 1990s to weaken the monopolies of the old university totalitarian regimes has led to the mushrooming of new independents offering education in every field and corner of the country.Many of these new institutions were desperately under-funded, and student quality was highly variable. This allowed the elites, who took the initiative to create them, a chance to rig the game by appointing their friends and cronies to committees, which then awarded themselves degree-awarding powers. The Swedish government was in such a hurry to create the sense of greater choice that it was blind to these developments. It stupidly believed that this led to diversity, research excellence and a more flexible workforce, when all it has really meant is that many institutions now face a rapid decline in reputation and resources.Question 1:What is the main cause of the crisis faced by Swedish HEIs according to the passage?A. Lack of resources.B. Increased student numbers.C. Poor quality of students.D. The government's policy choices.答案：D. The government's policy choices.【二、完形填空】完形填空是英语二考试的另一个重要部分。
公共英语真题参考答案
公共英语真题参考答案一、听力部分1. A) 根据对话内容，女士询问男士是否需要帮助，男士表示需要购买火车票。
因此，正确答案是A。
2. B) 男士提到他需要一张去纽约的机票，女士询问是否需要经济舱。
由此可知，正确答案是B。
3. C) 女士询问男士是否需要带早餐，男士回答说不需要，因为他已经吃过了。
因此，正确答案是C。
4. D) 男士询问女士是否可以帮忙预订酒店，女士回答说可以，但需要更多信息。
所以，正确答案是D。
5. E) 女士建议男士使用在线服务预订，但男士表示他更愿意通过电话预订。
因此，正确答案是E。
二、阅读部分A. 快速阅读6. 根据文章第一段，公共英语考试的目的是提高非英语专业学生的英语水平。
答案为：True。
7. 根据文章第二段，考试包括听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分。
答案为：False，因为原文中没有提到口语部分。
8. 根据文章第三段，考试每年举行两次。
答案为：True。
B. 阅读理解9. 根据文章A，公共英语考试的通过率在逐年提高。
答案为：A. 通过率。
10. 文章B提到了考试的难度，但并没有给出具体的难度级别。
答案为：D. 难度级别。
11. 文章C中提到了考试的评分标准，但并没有提及具体的评分细节。
答案为：C. 评分标准。
12. 文章D讨论了考试对就业的影响，但并没有明确指出考试对就业的直接好处。
答案为：B. 就业影响。
三、词汇与语法部分13. 根据句子结构，这里需要一个形容词作为定语，修饰名词“success”。
正确答案是：successful。
14. 这里需要一个副词来修饰动词“speak”，表示说话的方式。
正确答案是：fluently。
15. 根据句子的时态，这里需要一个现在完成时的形式，表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响。
正确答案是：have improved。
16. 这里需要一个名词来表示“学习”这个动作的对象。
正确答案是：knowledge。
17. 根据句子的语境，这里需要一个动词来表示“开始”这个动作。
英语备考考试真题及答案
英语备考考试真题及答案在进行高考的英语复习中，真题的练习很重要。
接下来店铺为你整理了英语备考考试真题及答案，一起来看看吧。
英语备考考试真题第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)(略)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例： How much is the shirt?A.£ 19.15B.£ 9.18C.£ 9.15答案是C。
1. What time is it now?A. 9:10.B. 9:50.C. 10:00.2. What does the woman think of the weather?A. It's nice.B. It's warm.C. It's cold.3. What will the man do?A. Attend a meeting.B. Give a lecture.C. Leave his office.4. What is the woman's opinion about the course?A. Too hard.B. Worth taking.C. Very easy.5. What does the woman want the man to do?A. Speak louder.B. Apologize to her.C. Turn off the radio.第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
真题考试：2020 英语(二)真题及答案(4)
真题考试：2020 英语（二）真题及答案(4)共83道题1、 Black Friday Everyone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season,but few people know the history of holiday shopping.While people have heard of Black Friday,most do not know its origins.Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节).On this day most retail stores open their doors very early-some as early as 4 am.In addition,they provide their customers with great discounts on products.With this in minc.l,it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday. Black Friday is not as old as many people think.In fact,it is believed that the first Black Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA.It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season.In order to draw more customers,they offered great discounts.All products sold very well This large success resulted in the name Black Friday.It was so named because the stores were "in the black".This financial term means the stores made a lot of money.However,jt was not until around 2002 that Black Fr-iday really started to gain in popularity.Today in the USA,countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales.They hope to attract shoppers into their stores. Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts,even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop.Thanks to the Internet,it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online.So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am,this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices.1.Many people know the history of Black Friday. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：B2、Paragraph⑤: （单选题）A. How did Emily pick up bridge building?B. What happened to John and Washington?C. How did Emily feel about her work?D. What role did Emily play in building the bridge?E. How long did it take to build the bridge?F. Why did Emily give a speech ?试题答案：E3、Paragraph④：（单选题）A. Change your shopping habitB. Drive less if possibleC. Take fewer air tripsD. Use air-conditioning moderatelyE. Take fewer vacationsF. Eat less meat and more in-season foods试题答案：A4、You should listen to songs that suit your emotions. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：A5、The holiday season ends on Black Friday. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：B6、Paragraph②：（单选题）A. The common goalB. Healthy competitionC. Team cooperationD. Exercising and friendshipE. Problems between team membersF. Building communication skills试题答案：A7、填句补文（单选题）A. He got it as a birthday gift.B. It was a decision full of fear and anxiety for me.C. He wanted to get it for me.D. He handed me the pen happily and proudly.E. I grabbed him and pulled him tight against me.F. I still have that pen, though it’s long out of ink. 试题答案：D8、From the text, we know that horses_________. （单选题）A. are dangerous animalsB. can hardly survive in the wildC. prefer to stay in groupsD. have different language systems试题答案：C9、Emily gave a speech______________. （单选题）A. Washington went to study bridgesB. to express her thanksC. Washington took over the jobD. to build the bridgeE. Emily began to play a bigger roleF. to defend her husband试题答案：F10、Paragraph②: （单选题）A. How did Emily pick up bridge building?B. What happened to John and Washington?C. How did Emily feel about her work?D. What role did Emily play in building the bridge?E. How long did it take to build the bridge?F. Why did Emily give a speech ?试题答案：A11、Paragraph①: （单选题）A. Forgiving should be at a safe timeB. Forgiving is not to deny what happenedC. Forgiving is not to free someone from blameD. Forgiving can happen without an apologyE. Forgiving can lead us away from the past hurt试题答案：C12、Things are sold at their lowest prices at 4 am. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：C13、Paragraph①：（单选题）A. Mild climateB. Local customsC. Tourist attractionD. Long historyE. Meaning of AlohaF. Geographic features试题答案：E14、Even if you' ve forgiven someone,________. （单选题）A. you may not loecome friendsB. to offer forgivenessC. who are still dangerous to youD. who wronged you long: time agoE. you may never get rid of emotional painF. who only forgive those showing regretG. for being forgiven试题答案：A15、Paragraph①: （单选题）A. How did Emily pick up bridge building?B. What happened to John and Washington?C. How did Emily feel about her work?D. What role did Emily play in building the bridge?E. How long did it take to build the bridge?F. Why did Emily give a speech ?试题答案：B16、Aloha is often used as_______. （单选题）A. European explorersB. mountain peaksC. its scenery and cultureD. volcanic eruptionsE. a way of greetingF. a king or a queen试题答案：E17、Paragraph③: （单选题）A. How did Emily pick up bridge building?B. What happened to John and Washington?C. How did Emily feel about her work?D. What role did Emily play in building the bridge?E. How long did it take to build the bridge?F. Why did Emily give a speech ?试题答案：D18、New technologies have not changed farm management. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：B19、Hawaii islands are formed by_______. （单选题）A. European explorersB. mountain peaksC. its scenery and cultureD. volcanic eruptionsE. a way of greetingF. a king or a queen试题答案：D20、My brother took every opportunity to promote himself. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：A21、My parents disagreed with my brother's plan. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：B22、Many people like romantic songs. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：C23、“I was hung up on the thought" in Paragraph 3 probably means "I_________". （单选题）A. belivedB. guessedC. learnedD. admitted试题答案：A24、Paragraph①: （单选题）A. Kinds of intelligenceB. Definition of IQC. Importance of EQD. Definition of EQE. Development of EQ studiesF. rCVays to improve EQ skills试题答案：B25、填句补文（单选题）A. Set aside about 30 minutes a day when you can play games.B. This is especially true if you are new to a game.C. Playing games can help you make new friends.D. You will be surprised at how much it improves your life.E. However,it can also help you exercise your brain.F. You can also invite friends over to play games with you.试题答案：F26、Children like the music from the ice cream vans. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：C27、It' s advisable to have different lists of songs. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：A28、People go to Spain in summer to enjoy the cooler sea water. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：B29、Being able to get alongj with people is________. （单选题）A. in our workB. recognize everyday feelingsC. talk about how smart a person isD. a sign of high EQE. a high EQF. in a friendly way试题答案：D30、It was unusually hot last summer in Britain. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：A31、After his father died,_______ . （单选题）A. Washington went to study bridgesB. to express her thanksC. Washington took over the jobD. to build the bridgeE. Emily began to play a bigger roleF. to defend her husband试题答案：C32、As time went on,___________. （单选题）A. Washington went to study bridgesB. to express her thanksC. Washington took over the jobD. to build the bridgeE. Emily began to play a bigger roleF. to defend her husband试题答案：E33、In talking about her first job experience,Sue expressed a sense of________. （单选题）A. reliefB. regretC. failureD. longing试题答案：B34、Black Friday started in the USA. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：A35、Paragraph③：（单选题）A. Mild climateB. Local customsC. Tourist attractionD. Long historyE. Meaning of AlohaF. Geographic features试题答案：A36、Comic Relief aims to help people all over the world. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：B37、My brother applied to Brown University three times. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：B38、Accompanied by Emily,_______ （单选题）A. Washington went to study bridgesB. to express her thanksC. Washington took over the jobD. to build the bridgeE. Emily began to play a bigger roleF. to defend her husband试题答案：A39、One is advised to remove heavy things _______. （单选题）A. from his car trunkB. your room temperatureC. for a vacation tripD. increase greenhouse gas productionE. reduce energy useF. your water consumption试题答案：A40、Mary was troubled because she______. （单选题）A. had no idea for a holiday giftB. was not creative in her workC. could not afford Christmas giftsD. found her grandma hard to please试题答案：A41、When Sue started her first job,she_______ （单选题）A. introduced herself aroundB. asked her supervisor for helpC. shook hands with colleaguesD. waited for others to talk to her试题答案：D42、Richard Curtis is a well-known actor and film director. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：C43、Customers get better service on Black Friday. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：C44、Paragraph②: （单选题）A. Forgiving should be at a safe timeB. Forgiving is not to deny what happenedC. Forgiving is not to free someone from blameD. Forgiving can happen without an apologyE. Forgiving can lead us away from the past hurt试题答案：B45、Red Nose Day has become an official national holiday. （单选题）A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given试题答案：B46、When a horse's ears are down we know that it is_________. （单选题）A. isolatedB. relaxedC. angryD. anxious试题答案：B47、填句补文（单选题）A. She is too proud of herself.B. Jin is very popular.C. Then thin~rjs mig;ht become better for her.D. She sings well,but not wel.l enough to be a lead singer.E. It threatens to push one' s friends away.F. She ran for class president,but came in third。
2022年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试高起点英语真题及答案
2022年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试高起点英语第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共105分)一、语音知识：共5小题；每题1.5分，共7.5分。
在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。
找出这个词。
1 . A. chair B. rich C. teacher D. headache2. A. cut B. but C. student D. must3. A. rise B. give C. life D. nice4. A. are B. dare C. care D. share5. A. bus B. desk C. fast D. easy二、词汇与语法知识：共15小题；每题1.5分，共22.5分。
从每小题的四个选择项中，选出最佳的一项。
6. The house ____ walls are made of glass looks beautiful.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. whose7. Hurry up, _____you will miss the train.A. thenB. andC. butD. or8. The young man _____a large box went out of the bank.A. carriedB. carryingC. carriesD. carry9. If he ____, he ’ll be the first Englishman to get the prize in the past ten years.A. winB. will winC. winsD. is winning10. We should protect the Earth because it is ____home.B. ourC. weD. ours11. This bus ____ the children to and from their school every day.A. takesB. will takeC. is takingD. has taken12. The bank finally agreed ____him$5,000.A. lendingB. lendsC. to lendD. lent13. She ’s far ____at English than her brother.A. betterB. wellC. goodD. best14. She ____ put the glasses on the ground.A. carefulB. carefullyC. caringD. cared15. He always gets up early _____the morning.A. inB. onC. atD. to16. It takes ____hour to reach the top of the mountain.A. aB. anC.不填D.the17. Two bridges _____ over the river five years ago.A. buildB. builtC. were builtD. are built18. The pain is so bad that she ____fall asleep at all.A. can’tB. mustn'tC. shouldn'tD. needn’t19. He ____ in London for almost 10 years.A. liveB. is livingC. livesD. has lived20.—______do you mean, you want to spend the weekend alone?A. WhyB. HowC. WhatD. Whom三、完形填空：共15小题；每题2分，共30分。
英语四级考试真题及参考答案
2024年英语四级考试真题及参考答案2024年英语四级考试真题及参考答案一、写作部分题目：随着互联网的普及，越来越多的人开始关注网络安全问题。
请根据以下图表，写一篇关于网络安全的文章。
图表：【参考范文】With the increasing popularity of the internet, cybersecurity has become a top concern for individuals, businesses, and governments worldwide. The graph above provides some revealing statistics about the severity of this issue.Firstly, the number of cybersecurity events is astounding, with over 950 million reported in 2024. This figure is alarming and highlights the ever-present threat of cybercrime, such as hacking, data breaches, and identity theft.Secondly, the chart shows that of these events, 3.2 billion involve the disclosure of personal sensitive information. This data points to the widespread abuse of personal information intoday's digital age, where sensitive details can be easily stolen and used for malicious purposes.Lastly, the average cost per event is significant, with an average loss of 50,000. This figure highlights the financial impact of cybersecurity incidents, which can quickly add up and cause significant damage to individuals and businesses.In conclusion, the graph demonstrates the magnitude of the cybersecurity problem facing our society today. With such high numbers, it is essential to prioritize cybersecurity measures to protect ourselves and our information from cybercriminals. Using strong passwords, updating software regularly, and being wary of suspicious links are just a few ways we can all contribute to cybersecurity. Furthermore, businesses and governments need to invest in robust security measures to safeguard valuable information and protect against theever-present threat of cyberattacks. Only through collective effort and awareness can we hope to tackle the growing cybersecurity challenge.二、听力部分【参考答案】1、B) They are more concerned about the quality of food than the wait time.2、A) He is stuck in a traffic jam.3、C) 2 hours.4、B) They are planning to go on a trip together.5、A) The man will drive her home.6、C) She wants to buy a new camera.7、A) The man will help her move her furniture tomorrow.8、B) They are both history majors.9、A) He likes to read books on science and technology.10、C) 200 pages.三、阅读部分【参考答案】1、B) They help to improve the soil quality and make it more suitable for planting.2、A) They help to reduce water evaporation and maintain soilmoisture.3、C) They help to maintain a healthy balance of microorganisms in the soil.4、D) They help to prevent soil erosion and protect topsoil.5、B) They can be grown in a wide range of soil types and conditions.6、A) They are particularly suitable for growing in sandy soils.7、C) They can withstand drought conditions better than other plant species.8、D) They have adapted to survive in environments with high salinity levels.9、B) They provide a valuable source of food and feed for livestock during the winter months.10、A) They are rich in nutrients and considered highly nutritious.四、翻译部分【参考答案】1、The new bridge has significantly reduced travel time across the river, saving commuters precious time.2、The company's commitment to innovation has helped it stay ahead of its competitors in the rapidly developing technology industry.3、The teacher wrote the lesson on the board while the students took notes in their notebooks.4、He cut the rope that tied the package to the tree, retrieving the mysterious gift hidden inside.5、She turned on the faucet, and hot water poured out, relieving her tiredness after a long day of work.2024年英语专业四级考试真题及答案2024年英语专业四级考试真题及答案一、听写题在英语专业四级考试中，听写题是一项重要的考察内容。
2023年自考学位英语真题及答案
Paper OnePart I V ocabulary and structure (20 points)Direction: There are twenty incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter in the Answer Sheet One with a single line through the center.21. The editorial—now will appear in tomorrow’S newspaper·A. writingB. to writeC. being writtenD. write2．Though he is_________worker, he works very hard．A. a commonB. an ordinaryC. a usualD. a general3. I’m looking after Tom today. He’S been at my house 8: 00 this morning.A. sinceB. forC. atD. till4．When he retired, his son_________ the business．A. took overB. took offC. took inD. took up5. Please call again. Jim a bath Just now·A．had B．having C．is having D.has6. On no condition with him.A. we cannot agreeB. would we agreeC. can we agreeD.we can agree7. once environmental damage , it takes many years for the system to recover·A．has done B．it to do C．does D.is done8. we are doing has never been done before.A．That B.What C．Which D．Whether9. They at least ten minutes ago.A. are leaveB. must have leftC. were leftD. 1eave10. There is more land in Australia than the government knows .A. what to do withB. to do with itC. how to doD. to do it11．While people may refer to television for Up—to—the—minute news, it is unlikely that television the newspaper completely．A. replaceB. Was replacedC. replacedD. will replace12．Because the first pair of trousers did not fit properly, he asked forA. another trousersB. others trousersC. the others onesD. another pair13．In Britain today women 44％of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work．A. build upB. make upC. stand forD. send up14. This is the place I want to go to.A. mostlyB. the mostlyC. mostD. much15. The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationship with real—life people.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. on which16. Whether he can pass the examination is thought to be for his going abroad.A. personalB. specialC. conventionalD. crucial17. I do wish you could these sheets of paper together.A. mendB. repairC. pasteD. patch18．In Britain, the Prince of Wales is to the throne．A. advisorB. heirC. ownerD. protector19. She is now in of happiness with her family members.A. closureB. pursuitC. credibilityD. phenomenon20. The government has decided to reduce a(n) on all imports.A. exposureB. tariffC. feeD. service资料来源: （学位英语考试者旳家园）Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Direction: There are twenty incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter in the Answer Sheet One with a single line through the center. Passage 1Ants are great athletes in proportion to their size. They can lilt a weight four hundred times their own weight. Theoretically a five-pound ant could easily lilt a ton.The most skillful farmers in the insect world are the small, heavily armored parasol ants.They work at night and it is nothing for them to strip a large tree at a time, marching off with bits Of leaf held over them like parasols.Surprisingly enough, these ants do not eat the vegetation they got. Rather they use it as raw material for their remarkable underground gardens, which they tend themselves．The shreds of the leaves are literally chewed into a rich compost which is used to strengthen the garden where a thread-like fungus is cultivated. This species of fungus is their only source of food.Included in the extraordinary parasol ant society are tiny garden workers, and slightly bigger workers who dig the interconnecting chambers of the hive. The parasol queen ant, more than one hundred times me size of the garden workers, is waited upon hand and foot by hundreds of her citizens．21. An ant is very strong in proportion to its weight. Ants call lift a weight .A. 300 times their own weightB. 600 times their own weightC. five-pound more than their own weightD. 400 times their own weight22．In a short time, they call strip a tree of all its leaves in order to make aA. home for the queen antB. compost for their gardensC. species of fungusD. kind of food23. When did the armored parasol ants work?A. At daytime.B. At night.C. In the morning.D. At noon.24. What’S the usage of fungus?A. To decorate the garden.B. The only source of the ant’s food.C. To protect the tree.D. The place for them to live in.25. The armored parasols are regarded asA. great athletesB. skillful farmersC. queen antsD. chamber builders资料来源: （学位英语考试者旳家园）Passage 2Psychology is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists areinterested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy.They want to know why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They also want to know why people do the things that they do. They test intelligence.Psychologists deal with the minds and behavior of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings，thoughts，and ideas. It is the results of the part of the brain called the cerebrum. Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself.Examples of behavior include shouting，crying，laughing，and sleeping.Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology．Wilhelm Wudt set up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in1879．Ivan Pavlov, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studied their relaxes and reactions．Around 1900, Sigmund Freud stated his theory that people try to repress any memories or thoughts that they believed were not good,Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists. Psychiatrists deal only with mental illness. They are medical doctors who treat people.26: A good title for this selection isA. Studying the MindB. Feelings and Behavior of Human BeingsC. Psychology and PsychiatryD. Famous Psychologists27. “Some people are shy. ’’That meansA. they are modestB. they are quietC. they never say a wordD. they are ashamed28. We may conclude that psychologistsA. study physical diseases as wellB. deal with animals more often than with peopleC. are not medical,doctorsD. are interested in things that make you sad29. Pavlov worked withA. peopleB. dogsC. mental illnessD. abnormal behavior30. The cerebrum controlsA. the mindB. the bodyC. the whole brainD. the field of psychology资料来源: （学位英语考试者旳家园）Passage 3What do you do with your empty cans and bottles? There are two choices, throwing them away or recycling. Throwing away a metal beverage container wastes as much energy as filling a can with gasoline and pouring half out. Besides wasting energy, throwing away bottles a11d cans causes pollution, increases the volume of solid wastes, and uses up natural resources.To control these problems, only nine states have adopted bottle laws. The United States governrnent should require every state to have a bottle law or constitute a national bottle law·To understand how a bottle law can help，you must know how it works.When consumers buy canned or bottled beverages at the store，they pay deposits. This deposit can range from twenty tofifty cents per bottle or can. In order to get this deposit back, the bottles and cans must be returned to supermarkets after they are emptied. The supermarkets then return the bottles and cans to their manufacturers for either reuse or recycling. 。
英语四级考试真题及答案
英语四级考试真题及答案英语四级考试真题及答案大学英语四级考试，即CET-4，College English Test Band 4的缩写，是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性英语考试。
考试的主要对象是根据教育大纲修完大学英语四级的在校专科生、本科生或研究生。
下面是店铺为你精心整理了英语四级考试真题及答案，希望对大家的复习有帮助!Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
英语学位2024年考试真题及答案
英语学位2024年考试真题及答案English Degree 2024 Exam Questions and AnswersPart I: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passages and answer the questions that follow.Passage 1:In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the impact of climate change on the environment. The rise in global temperatures has led to more frequent and severe weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires. It is important for individuals and governments to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.Questions:1. What is the main concern addressed in the passage?2. What are some of the consequences of global warming mentioned in the passage?3. What actions can individuals and governments take to address climate change?Answers:1. The main concern addressed in the passage is the impact of climate change on the environment.2. Some of the consequences of global warming mentioned in the passage include more frequent and severe weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires.3. Individuals and governments can take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.Passage 2:The rise of social media has transformed the way we communicate and interact with one another. While social media platforms provide new opportunities for connecting with others, they also present challenges, such as online harassment and misinformation. It is important for users to be aware of the risks associated with social media and take steps to protect themselves from potential harm.Questions:4. What is the impact of social media on communication and interaction?5. What are some of the challenges associated with social media platforms?6. How can users protect themselves from potential harm on social media?Answers:4. The impact of social media on communication and interaction has been transformative.5. Some of the challenges associated with social media platforms include online harassment and misinformation.6. Users can protect themselves from potential harm on social media by being aware of the risks and taking proactive steps to safeguard their privacy and security.Part II: WritingChoose one of the following topics and write an essay of 300-500 words.1. Discuss the role of technology in education.2. Analyze the impact of social media on society.3. Evaluate the importance of environmental conservation.Part III: SpeakingPrepare a 2-3 minute presentation on the following topic:"Describe a recent book or movie that has had a significant impact on you and explain why."These are the sample questions and answers for the English Degree 2024 Exam. Good luck to all the students preparing to take the exam!。
英语一级考试真题及答案
英语一级考试真题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What is the weather like today?A. SunnyB. RainyC. CloudyAnswer: A2. What time does the library open?A. 9:00 AMB. 10:00 AMC. 11:00 AMAnswer: B3. How much is the blue shirt?A. $15B. $25C. $35Answer: A4. Where did they go for vacation?A. The beachB. The mountainsC. The cityAnswer: B5. What does the woman want to order?A. PizzaC. SaladAnswer: C二、词汇与语法（共30分）6. The book is ________ the table.A. inB. onC. underAnswer: B7. She usually ________ to school by bus.A. goesB. wentC. goAnswer: A8. There are many ________ in the park.A. childB. childrenC. childsAnswer: B9. I can speak ________ languages.A. twoB. twosC. twoesAnswer: A10. He is ________ than his brother.A. tallC. most tallAnswer: B三、阅读理解（共30分）11. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of exercise.B. The benefits of a healthy diet.C. The effects of stress on health.Answer: A12. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a way to reduce stress?A. Regular exercise.B. Eating junk food.C. Getting enough sleep.Answer: B13. The author suggests that stress can lead to ________.A. weight gainB. poor concentrationC. both A and BAnswer: C14. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Effects of StressB. The Importance of a Healthy LifestyleC. Coping with StressAnswer: C15. The passage is most likely to appear in which section ofa magazine?A. SportsB. HealthC. TravelAnswer: B四、写作（共20分）16. Write a short paragraph about your favorite hobby. (不少于50个单词)结束语：本套试题涵盖了听力理解、词汇与语法、阅读理解以及写作四个部分，旨在全面考察学生的英语水平。
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Module 3 Foreign Food
Part One Teaching Design
Period 1 Reading
▇ Goals ● To learn about the variety of foreign food all across the globe
● Take advantage of the contexts in this module to first learn some
practical words. Meanwhile, develop the students’ cul tural
abilities.
● As to the goal of this module, students should fold their thoughts
about foods in the world and the influence of foods on people. If
possible, describe some Chinese typical dish and offer some
health suggestions.
▇ Procedures
Step 1: Warm ing up by learning about “food” and learning to talk about food:
Hello, class! Before we begin our reading of Module 3, let ’s try to understand some famous
Please introduce the words for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the words, the relationship between their pronunciation and spelling.
Practice for words study:
Ok, we are to have a spelling quiz. Read every sentence and fill the blanks with proper forms of the 2) The kings will hold a large state____for foreign guests.
3) Many high school students are____ with cyber games.
4) Before a meal, foreign people would like to drink some____ wine.
(1)I think the Chinese people are o_ with food. I could know from the following e_ in 1998.This f_ meal consisted of many dishes. Plates are placed dangerously b_ one on top of another. I thought the first w_ of food was the t_ number to be served. I was wrong. Everyone else just t_ a bit of each dish and waited for more. I thought this amount could f_ an army. Besides, the Chinese seemed to like every part of animal, including ears, t_, tail and lungs. In the end, the b_ ended up with
while I stood feeling very c_. The waiter was serving food according to their r__. They were eating the cold l__ for the Chinese, for cold food represented p__. Once I o__ something strange. The things inside sandwiches and baked potatoes are also v__ kinds of mashed food. To me, I would never mash food into an u__ shape. Anyway, one thing I do a__ is the polite manner in which
1. Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book and make your own sentences with
1. Pair the students to answer the questions, and then ask them to check their answers with another pair.
2. Call back the answers from the whole class, having one student read a question and another
1. Ask the students to do this on their own, then check with a partner.
2. Call back the answers from the whole class, having a student read out the sentences then explain
1. Read through the words in activity4. Ask the students to match the words individually and then check with their partners.
2. Call back the answers from the class. Pay attention to their pronunciation while reading these key
1. Classify the class into groups of four to discuss the questions. Appoint a delegate to present their views afterwards.
2. Call back the answers from the delegates for the class, and open the points up for class discussion。