语言学phonetics解析

1.2 Three Phases in Communication process
speaker encodes meaning into sounds and utters strings of sounds
Articulatory phonetics:
（发音语音学）
speech production by
1. the place of articulation 2. the manner of articulation
1.7.1 The place of articulation
▪ Bilabial 双唇音 e.g. [p], [m]. ▪ Labio-dental 唇齿音 e.g. [f]. ▪ Dental 齿音 e.g. [ð] ▪ Alveolar 齿龈音 e.g. [t] ▪ Palatal 腭音 e.g. [j] ▪ Palato-alveolar 腭龈音 e.g. [ʃ] ▪ Velar 软腭音 e.g. [k] ▪ Glottal 声门音，喉音 e.g. [h] ▪ Retroflex 卷舌音 ▪ Uvular 小舌音 ▪ Pharyngeal 咽音ory phonetics
1.3 The process of producing speech
air breathed in lungs
air pressed out
Pharynx 咽
Larynx 喉 trachea (windpipe)
nasal cavity 鼻腔
Articulatory phonetics: （发音语音学）
speech production by speech organs
Acoustic phonetics: （声学语音学） physical properties of speech sounds
Auditory phonetics: （听觉语音学） perception of speech sounds in the human auditory and cognitive system
1.2 Three Phases in Communication process
speaker encodes meaning into sounds and utters strings of sounds
sounds are transmitted in the air
listener perceives sounds and decodes them into meaning
1.5 Diagram of the speech cavities ▪ The principal cavities
1. the pharyngeal cavity （咽腔） 2. the oral cavity （口腔） 3. the labial cavity （唇腔） 4. the nasal cavity （鼻腔）
▪ The vocal tract （声道）
-- the long tubular structure formed by the cavities， functioning as a resonance box. Changing the shape of the box gives different speech sounds.
➢ natural sounds no systematic meaning
➢ speech sounds a code system.
Phonetics: The science of speech sounds, which aims to provide the
set of features or properties that can be used to describe and distinguish all the sounds used in human language.
Cavities and organs the upper end of a person’s windpipe that can be
made to move rapidly by the passing of air and thus produce sound. Other organs involved in the production of speech evolved originally for the basic biological needs of breathing and eating, though phoneticians also call them speech organs.
oral cavity 口腔
1.4 Articulation
▪ Man’s selection of a sound language came too late that there have hardly been any human organs evolving specifically for verbal articulation except the vocal cords – thin bands of muscle in the larynx at
1.6 Diagram of the speech organs
齿龈
硬腭 舌尖
软腭 小舌
舌面 舌根
咽 会厌
声带
食道 喉
气管
1.7 Consonants
Consonants: The sounds in the production of
which there is an obstruction of the air stream at some point of the vocal tract .
Lecture 3
Speech Sounds and Their Systems
Coming…
Phonetics Phonology
1. Phonetics 语音学
1.1 Definition Sound: the most widely used medium in human language.