英语句子成分

英语句子成分

根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语，同位语及独立成分等。其中，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子总不能缺少这两种成分。

1.主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子

充当，置于句首。

如：It’s getting cold.

Now everything is ready.

The teacher is very kind to us.

2.谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。

如：She bought me a VCR.

We have finished the work already.

3.表语：表示主语的身份，性质，状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词

的词，短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。

如Be careful.

He looks very angry.

His job is looking after sheep.

4.宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于

动词之后。

如：He wrote many plays.

She loves swimming.

5.补足语：用来对主语或宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。

如：He told us to stay.

I’ve never seen her dancing.

I found it difficult to refuse him.

6.定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、

非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。

如：It’s an interesting story.

Do you have time to help us?

Who is the woman being operate on?

7.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词，介词短语、非

谓语动词短语或句子充当。

如：We like English very much.

Her uncle lives in Canada.

She was lying in bed reading.

8.同位语：若两个语法单位指用一个人或事，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一

项的同位语。

如：This is my friend Harry.

We students should study hard.

9.独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号

将它与句子隔开。

如：He is a nice person, to be sure. Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all.

指出下列句子中划线部分是什么句子成分。

1.The students got on the school bus.

2.I shall answer your question after class.

3.What a beautiful Chinese painting!

4.They went hunting together early in the morning.

5.His job is to train swimmers.

6.He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.

7.There is going to be an American film tonight.

8.His wish is to become a scientist.

9.He managedto finish the work in time.

10.Tom came to ask me for advice.

11.He found it important to master English.

12.Do you have anything else to say?

13.To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.

14.Would you please tell me your address?

15.He sat there, reading a newspaper.

16.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

17.He noticed a man enter the room.

18.The apples tasted sweet.

英语句子类型

一、按句子的用途可分为四种：

1）陈述句（肯定、否定）

He is six years old.

She didn’t hear of you before.

2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反义）

Do you like skating?

How old is he?

Is he six or seven years old?

Mary can swim, can’t she?

3）祈使句（肯定、否定）

Be careful, boys.

Don’t talk in class.

4）感叹句（what, how）

How clever the boy is!

What a wonderful movie it is!

二、按句子结构可分三种

英语句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三类。

1）简单句

只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）如He often reads English in the morning.