高考英语语法金点拨 虚拟语气

高考英语语法金点拨虚拟语气

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑、愿望、要求、命令、建议等。

1.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)

2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.

明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)

3. If I were you, I would go at once.

假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)

（一）、省略 if 的条件从句

当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。

If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.-----

Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it.

If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.----- Should he fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. （二）、错综时间的条件句

即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.

如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.

如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。

If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去) （三）、含蓄条件句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中.

But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully.

The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy.

I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.

二、在宾语从句中

1、下列动词后面接的宾语从句：表示建议(suggest, advise, propose, recommend)，

要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令(order, command)等动词用should + do 构成,should 可省略。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.

他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

2、 wish接宾语从句有三种情况：

1) 现在：用过去式

2) 过去：用过去完成式 (had done)

3) 将来：用情态动词(would / could/might) + do

I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。

I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。

I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业。

He wished he hadn't done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。

3、记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气

Insist 表“坚决要求”用虚拟形式，即 should + do;表示“坚持说”，用陈述语气，表示事实。

Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。

His pale face suggested that he was ill and the teacher suggested that he (should) see the doctor.

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.

他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

He insisted that he was right.

4、在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从句中

当从句表现在或将来时,谓语动词要用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。

I would rather he came tomorrow than today. I’d rather they hadn’t gone to school yesterday.

三、在主语从句中

1.句型：It is insisted/ ordered/ commanded/ suggested/proposed/advised/desired/

demanded/required/requested,etc+Subject –clause (should)do It is suggested that middle school students (should) preview their lessons before classes . 建议中学生课前应预习课文。

2.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中，that

后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形

It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。

It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。

It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

3. 用于“It is a pity, it is a shame等+ that” 等结构后的主语从句中，从句

中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形 It is a pity that he should be so careless.

四、在表语从句中

主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用(should) + do.

Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.

五、在同位语从句中

同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望、建议、要求、命令等的名词。

The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth