现在完成时讲解
现在完成时态讲解
现在完成时现在完成时表示在过去发生但与现在情况有联系的动作或状态的时态。
那么，英语现在完成时的句子结构和语法特点是怎样的呢?下面为您讲解一下。
1、现在完成时的构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。
①助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为‟ve / …s。
e.g. I have → I‟ve We have → We‟ve He has → He‟s It has → It‟s②规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。
③不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。
2、现在完成时的基本句型。
①陈述句肯定形式。
e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
②陈述句否定形式。
(在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven‟t/hasn‟te.g. I haven‟t had lunch. 我还未吃午饭。
He hasn‟t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。
③一般疑问句形式及其答语。
(将助动词have/has提前，答语一般用have, has回答)e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没? Yes, I have. No, I haven‟t.Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有? Yes, he has. No, he hasn‟t.否定回答还可以用：No, not yet. / No, never. / No, not even once等。
④特殊疑问句形式。
(疑问词+一般疑问句)e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里?3、现在完成时的三个基本用法。
(1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. I‟ve just had it.你吃过午饭没?有，吃过了，我刚刚吃的。
现在完成时讲解
现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)二、用法1）现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.He has turned off the light. (动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。
)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)2）现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
这里的动词要用持续性动词。
常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用. 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语和表示频度的时间状语连用, 如already（用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后过去分词之前，也可放在句末），yet（用在疑问句中，意为“已经”，用在否定句中，意为“还”，常放在句末）, just（刚刚，表示动作刚刚结束）, ever（曾经，用于否定句和疑问句中）never（从来没有，放在助动词与过去分词之间）before（以前，总是放在句末）, twice, several times，recently, still等:He has already got a scholarship.Have they found the missing child yet ?Have you ever been to Beijing?I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.George has met that gentleman several times.3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.4. have been to, have gone to和has been in的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，has been in 一直在某地如：--Where's your mother? --She has gone to the hospital.He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。
现在完成时的用法讲解
现在完成时的讲解一、现在完成时的构成:主语+ have/has + 过去分词+…(过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。
) eg .I have taught English in this school since 1999.二、基本句式：陈述句:主语+ have/has + 过去分词+…否定式:主语+ haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词。
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词?简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t.(否定)—Have you finished your work? —Yes,I have.三、现在完成时的含义：（一）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already/yet，just，never/ever，before, so far等连用。
这些标志词可以表达这种含义. 1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。
实例：1）I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。
（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。
）2）I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了衣服。
（洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。
）注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。
实例：3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？2．yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。
实例：1）—Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？—No，not yet．不，还没有。
2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet ．那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。
现在完成时讲解
现在完成时讲解在英语的时态世界里，现在完成时是一个相当重要且常用的时态。
它不像一般现在时那么直白简单，也不像过去完成时那么复杂隐晦，而是有着自己独特的用法和意义。
现在完成时的构成是“have/has ＋过去分词”。
这里的“have/has”是助动词，没有实际意义，主要用于构成时态；“过去分词”则是动词的一种变形，通常需要我们记忆和积累。
比如“do”的过去分词是“done”，“eat”的过去分词是“eaten”。
那么，什么时候我们会用到现在完成时呢？这得分几种情况来说。
一种常见的情况是表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
比如说，“I have lost my key ”（我把钥匙丢了。
）这里“丢钥匙”这个动作是过去发生的，但重点在于“钥匙丢了”这个结果对现在的影响，那就是我现在没有钥匙可用。
再比如，“She has finished her homework ”（她已经完成了作业。
）“完成作业”在过去某个时间完成，但强调的是现在作业处于完成的状态，可能接下来她就可以做别的事情了。
另一种情况是表示过去已经开始，持续到现在并且可能还会继续下去的动作或状态。
例如，“I have lived here for five years ”（我在这里住了五年了。
）“住”这个动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，而且可能还会继续住下去。
还有，现在完成时常常和一些时间状语连用，来更明确地表达时间概念。
比如“already”（已经），通常用于肯定句中，位置一般在“have/has”和过去分词之间。
像“He has already gone ”（他已经走了。
）“yet”（还，尚未）则常用于否定句和疑问句中，在否定句中通常放在“have/has”和过去分词之后，比如“She hasn't finished her work yet ”（她还没有完成工作。
）在疑问句中，“yet”一般放在句末，例如“Have you finished your homework yet? ”（你作业做完了吗？）“just”（刚刚），表示刚刚完成的动作，位置也是在“have/has”和过去分词之间，比如“I have just come back ”（我刚刚回来。
现在完成时-语法讲解
语法：现在完成时1、现在完成时的定义：现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有联系有影响，一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。
2、现在完成时的谓语构成：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词3、常用时间状语：（1）与包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用，如：by now（到现在为止）, so far（迄今为止）, these days（这些天来）, this year, this month, today, in the past few years（在过去的几年以来）等；e.g.We have planted many flowers this year.China has changed a lot in the past few years.I have learned two thousand words so far(by now).It has rained these days.(2)与副词连用，如：just, before, already,never,ever,yet,Recently，since, for等e.g. Have you ever watched Harry Potter?The new book have not arrived yet.Have you heard from him yet?They have already finished their homework.I have never seen an alien.He has just come.We have seen the movie before.My mother has worked here since 1949.I have taught English in this school for six years.4、用法：（1）表示过去发生的或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
现在完成时语法总结讲解
现在完成时一．定义现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态.二．构成主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。
(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have) 过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。
三．句式否定式:主语+ haven't/hasn't + 过去分词+ 其他。
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词+ 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)四．时间词already （”已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）never (“从不”用于中间处，放在过去分词前面)ever （”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处，放在过去分词前面。
not ever=never）just (“刚刚”用于中间处)yet (“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/ “还”用于否定句的末尾处)so far(往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生)for+时段since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）since+时段+agosince+从句（过去时）It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）before ,recently,still,lately1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/ year, just, today, up to present, so far等:Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.have been to…表示“去过某地”（表示过去的经历，现在已经回来）have gone to…表示“去了某地”（表示出去了，还没有回来）。
初中英语现在完成时讲解全(共24张PPT)
I studied English ten years ago.
（come来到某地….
left the team
has been on C.
表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响。
)
be over
went to bed
填空使用for和since
Tom ___for several hours.
表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响。
• She has lived here ______1996.
• 2 标准词：so far/up to now (到目前为止） ;lately/recently(最近）
• Up to now/So far ,I haven’t been successful.
• Lately/Recently,I haven’t seen my teacher.
3. He bought the motorbike a month ago.
---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago.
--- He ____ ____ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago.
(finish结束....)
be over
1.我买这本书三年了。Buy I have bought the book.
(1) I have had the book for 3 years. (2) I have had the book since 3 years ago.
了borrow He has borrow the book. (1）He has kept the book for 2 months . (2) He has kept the book since 2 months ago.
现在完成时讲解(详细、简单)
二、用法二：表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
现在有可能停止，或有可能继续延续下去。
常与for（+时间段．．．或过去时的句子．．．．．．）连用。
．．．）,since（+时间点对for 和since引导的时间状语提问，用“how long”例：He has learned English for 2 years. 他已经学了两年英语了。
He has learned English since 2012. -从2012年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢（所以有时候for 和since引导的时间状语，可以转换！）时间状语有：①for+时段（长达多久）I have taught English for 19 years。
②since+过去一个时间点（自从……以来）He has been at this school since 1986.③since+时间段+ago（自从...以前）I have known him since 20 years ago.④since+从句（过去时．．．）I have lived here since I was born.注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。
)I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。
)练习：1、We have been friends since ______.A. childrenB. five yearsC. five years agoD. five years before2、Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.A. since last weekB. a week agoC. for a weekD. since a week ago3、6. I _____ at this school for two years.A. am studyingB. studyC. studiedD. have studied4、They _________ in the city since last summer.A. liv eB. didn’t liveC. have livedD. live5、Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992.A. sinceB. fromC. afterD. in6、---How long have you been here? --- ____ last month.A. ForB. UntilC. BeforeD. Since7、We have lived here _______ five years ago．A. when B．since C．before D．after8、His brother has been to Stone Forest twice ______ he came to Yunnan．A．after B．before C．since D．for9、I _____________ (work) here since I __________ (move) here in 1999.10. ---How long ______ the Smiths ________(stay)here? ---- For two weeks.11、She ____________ (be) ill for three days.12、--How long _____you __________(learn) English?---For more than two years.13、They _______________ (live) in China since they _____ (move) to China.14、It _______（rain）for a week.15、She _______（study）English since she was ten. She _______（begin）to study English when she was ten.16、We _______（live）in Shanghai from 1989 to 1999. We _______（live）for 10 years.17、He has learned English for 5 years. (就划线部分提问)________ ________ ________ _________ learned English ?18、We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)We _______ _______ English ________ three years19、He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问)_____ _____ _____ he_______ here?20、Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句）Mr. Li _______ _________ English in this school since 1999.21、The factory opened ten years ago.（同义句）The factory _______ ________ ______ for ten years.22、His company closed in 2003. （同义句）His company _____ _____ _____ _____ 2003.23、We got to know each other for about 15 years. （同义句）We _______ ________ each other _____ about 15 years.三、注意：在现在完成时中与for 和since引导的时间状语,how long连用的动词必须为延续性动词。
现在完成时讲解课件
arrive (at/in)-- be (in/at) die-- be dead
get (to)-- be (in/at) close-- be closed
reach-- be (in/at)
buy-- have borrow-- keep
注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提 问 必须用how long, 决不能用when. Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?
c） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而
ever 表示“曾经”
• We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过 长城。 • Have you ever been to Canada?
你们曾经去过加拿大吗？
※短暂性动词与 延续动词间的转 换
leave-- be away (from) join-- be in/be a/an…
since的四种用法
postgraduate student.
注 1): since 也可单独使用 , 表示 “自那时起”; 另外since前也可加 上ever,以加强语气. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.
现在完成时的主要用法
现在完成时讲解
现在完成时讲解第一部分：现在完成时表示①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；②也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
构成：(注：主语为第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have。
)肯定句：主语+ have / has + v.过去分词+ 其他否定式：主语+ haven’t / hasn’t + v.过去分词+ 其他疑问式：Have / Has + 主语+ v.过去分词+ 其他?简略答语：Yes, 主语+ have / has.(肯定)No, 主语+ haven’t / hasn’t.(否定)过去分词：规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要特殊记忆。
第二部分：现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义：1. 以already, just和yet为标志already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。
He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
（already 用于肯定句）He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn’t come back yet.他还没有回来。
（yet 用于疑问句和否定句）（just 用于现在完成时中表“刚刚、刚才”，just now 则用于一般过去时）2. 以ever和never为标志ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经发生过或从来没有发生过。
This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。
3. 以动作发生的次数为标志若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次，则要使用现在完成时。
He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
现在完成时讲解
现在完成时讲解现在完成时是表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或结果的时态。
其基本结构为助动词have/has加上过去分词(done)。
在否定句中，需要在have/has后加上not；在一般疑问句中，需要将have/has放在主语前面。
简略答语中，如果是肯定的回答，需要使用have/has，如果是否定的回答，需要使用XXX't。
现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作或状态。
通常可以与for+时间段、since+时间点或过去时的句子连用。
其中，for表示时间段，since表示时间点。
例如，XXX已经生病三天了，I已经住在这里自1998年以来。
现在完成时还可以用来表示一个人去了某个地方或呆在某个地方的时间。
这时，需要注意区分have/has gone(to)、have/has been(to)和have/has been(in)的区别。
其中，have/has gone(to)表示去了某个地方，但现在不在那里；have/hasbeen(to)表示去过某个地方，但现在已经离开了；have/hasbeen(in)表示呆在某个地方的时间，且现在仍在那里。
现在完成时的标志词有already、just和yet等。
这些标志词可以表达过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响的含义。
例如，XXX已经得到了她的帮助。
XXX。
XXX.This is the best movie I have ever seen.He has never visited Beijing before.XXX to the USA three times.He has made it to Beijing so far.XXX.XXX in the past and are still ongoing。
we use the present perfect tense with "for" and "since" to distinguish een the n of the n and the point in time。
现在完成时讲解
语法现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）一、基本构成1．肯定句：主语（第一、二人称，第三人称复数）+have +过去分词+其他主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词+其他2．否定句：主语+ have/has +not +过去分词+其他3．一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？4．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？二、现在完成时的概念及用法5．表示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，可以和already ,yet, just 连用。
(1)I have already posted the photos .我已经把照片寄了。
（照片已不在我这儿了）(2)Have you had your lunch yet? 你已经吃午饭了？Yes, I have . I’ve just had it .是的，我吃了。
我刚刚吃的。
（现在不饿了）6．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在还可能继续下去的动作或状态，可以和表示过去的某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。
如：these days, by the end of …,（到。
为止）since (自从。
以来) ，for+一段时间，so far (到目前为止)(1)She’s been there for over two years 她在那两年多了。
(2)They’ve lived here since 1989.注意：问句时常用How long …..? 来提问现在完成时的时间。
3．表示从过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情，常和never ,once , three times , before等连用。
(1) I have never been to Egypt before .以前我从没去过埃及。
(2) She has gone to France .她去法国了。
（她可能在去法国的路上或已经到法国，人没有回来，总之不在这里了）三、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
现在完成时 语法讲解
现在完成时（一）定义：表示到现在为止发生过的动作或状态，也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态；强调过去与现在之间的联系。
（二）构成（即谓语动词形式）：助动词have/has+P.P.（过去分词）当主语是第三人称单数时，由has+过去分词构成；当主语是非三人称单数时，由have+过去分词构成。
例如：I have been to Beijing three times. (主语是非三人称单数)He has been to Beijing three times. (主语是三人称单数)（三）句型转换1、否定句：助动词have/has+not+ P.P.（过去分词）构成分别缩写为：haven’t+ P.P.或hasn’t+ P.P.例如：I haven’t been to Beijing three times.He hasn’t been to Beijing three times.2、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ P.P.（过去分词）+其他成分？肯定回答：Yse, ~have/has. 否定回答：No, ~haven’t/hasn’t.例如：Have you been to Beijing three times?Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.Has he been to Beijing three times?Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.（四）基本用法1、过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果。
<又叫“完成用法”>常同already, just, yet等时间状语连用例如：I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。
（结果是灯已经关上了）She has lost her bike.她把自行车丢了。
（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了）The rain has stopped now.雨已经停了。
现在完成时的讲解
关于现在完成时的讲解1．表示过去发生或己经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果现在完成时的常用副词是never"从来没，不"，ever"曾经"，just"刚刚"，already"已经"，yet"已经，仍然"。
其中already通常用有肯定句中，yet通常用在否定句和疑问句中。
yet在否定句中要译成"仍然"，"还"，在疑问句里要译成"已经"。
（1）常already, just和yet 等连用，如：一Have you finished your work yet?你做完你的工作了吗? 一Yes. I have. I've just finished it.我做完了，我刚做完。
I've already finished it. 我已经完成了。
I haven't finished it yet.我还没做完。
（2）也可与ever, never连用-Have you ever been to the park?你曾去过那个公园吗? -Yes, I have. / No, I haven't, I have never been to the park.是的，我去过。
/不，我没去过，我从未去过那个公园。
2．表示从过去某一时间开始并一直延续到现在的情况，这个动作或停止或继续（1）for 和since时间状语与现在完成时连用，因此谓语部分不能用非延续性动词，常见的非延续性动词有：close, leave, see, come, hear, buy, borrow, begin(start), join, die, finish等。
（2）在否定句中非延续性动词可以与for或since引导的表示段时间的状语连用，如：I haven't seen him for a long time.（此句是否定句，非延续性动词see与for a long time连用）3．注意现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
现在完成时专题讲解
He has had lunch. 他已经吃过午饭了。（言下之意：现在不饿）
含义1重点
have been to + 地点 have gone to + 地点
我去过北京两次。
我妈妈去了上海。
去过某地（言下之意：现在不在那里，且对那里有一定了解） 去了某地（言下之意：现在不在这里，已经在那里或去那里的路上）
3.ever 曾经（放句中） 你曾用过共享单车吗？ Have you ever used shared-bikes?
4.already 已经（放句中或句末,且它在否定或疑问句中要变为yet, 这时yet必须放句末）
他的爷爷已经去世了。 His grandpa has already passed away. 你已经听说那个消息了吗？ Have you heard about the news yet? 你所期望事情还没有发生。 What you expected hasn’t happened yet.
含义2难点：短暂性动词与持续性动词
常见短暂性动词：become, come,go,arrive,get,buy,die,reach,join,marry, open,close,begin,finish,end,move,borrow,leave,fall
常见持续性动词：be,study，learn,work, live,stand,sit,know,wait,stay,keep, have,read,sing,watch,see,walk,smoke
2.since+时间点 （具体时刻/yesterday/具体年份、月份、日期、星期/时间段+ago/last开头的时间） I have waited for you since half an hour ago. 自从去年他就戒烟了。 He has quitted smoking since last year.
现在完成时的详细讲解
现在完成一.现在完成时的含义现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
Eddie has eaten my food (Eddie ate my food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)Eddie was born four years ago.Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born.Eddie has lived with Millie for four years.二、现在完成时的构成现在完成时的肯定句句型: 主语（第一、二人称单、复数）+ have +过去分词e.g. I have finished my report.We have lived in Nanjing for 10 years.主语（第三人称复数）+have + 过去分词e.g. They have moved away.主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词e.g. He has been in Beijing for two months.2. 现在完成时的否定句句型:主语+have/has+ not+过去分词e.g. I have not seen Harry Potter yet.He hasn’t been to Tianjin since then.3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句句型Have/Has+主语+过去分词Have you….? Has he….?Y es, I have. Y es, he has.No, I haven’t. No, he hasn’t.三、现在分词的构成A规则动词的过去分词原形过去分词原形过去分词travel visitmove stopstay finishown shoplearn solveB 不规则动词的过去分词原形过去分词原形过去分词think putcatch costgive growmake hurtwrite runfeel bringfall wearfly singhave forgetdrink keep初中英语不规则动词表1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词cost[kɔst]cost[kɔst]cost[kɔst]花费cut[kʌt]cut[kʌt]cut[kʌt]割，切hurt[hə:t]hurt[hə:t]hurt[hə:t]受伤hit[hit]hit[hit]hit[hit]打，撞let[let]let[let]let[let]让put[put]put[put]put[put]放下read[ri:d]read[ri:d]read[ri:d]读set[set]set[set]set[set]安排，安置spread[spred]spread[spred]spread[spred]展开，传播，涂spit[spit]spit/spat[spit]spit/spat[spit]吐痰,shut[ʃʌt]shut[ʃʌt]shut[ʃʌt]关上, 闭起,停止营业2.ABB动词原形过去式过去分词beat[bi:t]beat[bi:t]beaten['bi:tn] 打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词become[bi'kʌm]became[bi'keim]become[bi'kʌm]变come[kʌm]came[keim]come[kʌm]来run[rʌn]ran[ræn]run[rʌn]跑4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。
现在完成时讲解(全)
现在完成时讲解：一．定义：(1)现在完成时态是表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
(已完成用法，强调影响性) 例如：Have you ever visitedthe Place Museum?你参观过故宫博物院吗标志词有：ever曾经,never从未, already已经, , yet还、尚，已经，just,once,three times,before(句末)等。
(2)从过去某一时间延续到现在的动作或情况.（未完成用法，强调持续性）例如：I have worked here for twenty yeaes.我在这儿工作了20年了标志词有：for+时间段，how long, since自从...以来，just, up to now\till now到现在, so far目前in the past/last few years在过去几年,recently/lately最近，近来, 等。
二. 构成：(1)肯定句：have（has）+过去分词（规则动词：与过去式相同+ed,不规则动词：有5种形式：）A-A-A 如：cost—cost—cost; cut—cut—cut; hit—hit—hitA-B-B 如：bring—brought—brought; build—built—built; catch—caught—caught;A-B-C 如：begin—began—begun; blow—blew—blown; drive—drove—drive;A-A-B 如：beat—beat—beatenA-B-A 如：come—came—come不规则动词的过去分词变化规则多，但是还是有一定的规律所循，希望同学们多花心思，细心记下，这是使用完成时态的基础。
(2)疑问句：将have或has提前(3)否定句时直接在其后加notEg I have finished my work.Has he found his car key?三．1)副词already和yetalready一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
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现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：1、肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)+------.2、否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+------.3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+------.回答: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)二、用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money. (含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Lily has (just/already) come. (含义：Lily现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的, 持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for （+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去时间（译为：自从……以来）③since+从句（过去时）④It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.三、has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in)的区别1、Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your fatherHe has gone to Shanghai.2、Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.3、Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.四、现在完成时的标志1、现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:（1）以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。
（2）以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。
（3）以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
（4）以so far（到目前为止）为标志+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, three years ago等;五、过去分词（一）规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
(1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2) 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,(3) 以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried(4) 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped（二）不规则动词：1、AAA型原型过去式过去分词burst burst burst cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cuthit hit hit hurt hurt hurt let let let put put putset set set shut shut shut spread spread spreadread read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/2、AAB型beat beat beaten3、ABA型become became become run ran run come came come特殊情况4、ABB型bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt felt fight fought fought find found foundhear heard heard hold held heldkeep kept keptlay laid laid lead led led lose lost lostmake made made meet met metsell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stoodsweep swept sweptteach taught taught tell told told think thought thoughtwin won won5、ABC型begin began begun blow blew blown break broke brokenchoose chose chosendraw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunkfly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozengive gave given grow grew grownknow knew knownride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rungshake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swumswim swam swumthrow threw thrownwrite wrote written六、瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for /since连用。
要改变动词begin-----be on borrow -----keep buy----haveclose -----be closed come/arrive/reach/get to-----be indie----be deadfinish----be overgo out----be outleave ----be awayopen----be open★1、have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.★2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.★3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher★4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.★5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start, begin2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up；7. have died → have been dead；8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；11. have married → h ave been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth.；13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…现在完成时练习(一)A)选用have, has填空:_______ told him the news.________ come back from school.________ won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_________________________________________has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_________________________________________C)单项选择6. -Where have you _____, Kate？-I've ______ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather ______ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died8. It's six weeks ______ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD. have reached现在完成时练习（二）一、单项选择。