建筑学英语词汇、句子

UNIT ONE

ARCHITRCTURE

1.edifice大建筑物，体系

pressive strength抗压强度

3.span 架设，跨度

4.tensile strength抗拉强度

5.skeleton构架，轮廓，草图

6.cantilever悬臂梁

7.project 伸出，设计

8.nave 正厅

9.aisle（注意读音）侧廊

10.transept 教堂左右两翼

11.chapel 私人祈祷处

12.apse 耳室

13.Gothic cathedral 哥特式教堂

14. module 模数

15.balustrade 栏杆

16.colonnade柱廊

17.ornament 装饰物（decoration)

18.column柱子( post, pillar)

19.Golden section黄金分割

The precise activities to be housed in any specific building, ranging from an assembly line in a factory to a living room in a home, should dictate the size and shape of the several areas within.

翻译：将要容纳在具体建筑物中明确的各种活动，范围从工厂流水线到住宅的起居室，都应限定其中各部分空间的大小和形状。Furthermore, a structure must be well built , it could have such permanence as the purpose for which it is intended demands and as the materials chosen may allow.

此外，一座建筑的结构必须建造良好，必须具有永久性。这种永久性既是设计意图要求的，也是材料选择许可的。

In stone buildings, windows doors, and the spaces between columns are almost compelled to be taller than they are wide---the vertical rectangle of the stone aesthetic.

在石建筑中，窗、门以及支柱间的空间，其高度不得不超过宽度，从而形成了狭长的矩形的石建筑美。

Wood, a fibrous material, withstand tension as readily as it does compression.

as readily as 容易地、无困难地

翻译：木材是一种纤维质材料，既可以承受压力，又可以承受拉力。

Wooden beams may be relatively longer than stone beams, and wooden posts slender and widely spaced.

木梁比石梁相对长一些，木柱子则比较细，并且间距宽。

A horizontal rectangle, wider than its high, results from the natural properties of wood, as may be seen in Japanese architecture.

由于木材的天然性能而形成宽度大于高度的扁而宽的矩形建筑，正如，正如在日本建筑中看到的那样.

Architecture calls for good proportions(比例）–a pleasing relationship of void to solid, of height to width, of length to breadth.

虚与实、高与宽、长与宽

Anyone who has observed a steel building under construction must have noticed the gridiron of horizontal rectangles produced by the slender, widely spaced columns and the long beams of each floor.

be under construction 正在施工

任何观察过正在施工的钢结构建筑的人，必定注意到地板上细长而且间隔很宽的柱子形成的横向矩形的格状结构。

The Study of Architecture

Key words

Bachelor of Architecture 建筑学学士Required course 必修课

Behavioral sciences 行为科学

Freehand drawing 徒手画

Three-dimensional 三维的

Descriptive geometry 画法几何Reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土Construction supervision 施工监理

Site planning 场地规划

etc.缩写= et cetera (and) 等等

Key words

go through the fire 历尽磨难

full time course 全日制课程

play hell with 困境

auxiliary 辅助

chisel 雕刻

Functionalism 功能主义

atelier 画室

meager 缺乏

make up 弥补

UNIT TWO HOUSING

KEY WORDS:

housing 住宅，住宅建筑

quarters 住宅，住处

neighborhood 街坊，住宅小区

single-family 独户，独户的metropolitan 大城市的

accessibility 可达性

dwelling 住处，寓所semidetached 半独立的（房屋）

row houses 排式住宅

plot 基址，小块地皮terrace 露台

by virtue of 凭借，依靠

hallway 门厅，过道tenement-house 租用房屋，经济公寓zoning 分区制

building codes 建筑规范

sanitary 卫生的

Key words

fortified wall 城墙

estate地产real estate 房地产

Middle Age 中世纪

Industrial Revolution 工业革命

slum 贫民窟

textile town 纺织城

mining town 矿业城

as a rule 通常

ventilation 通风

Great Depression 大萧条As a rule, row houses made up the streets of the company towns.

通常，联排住房构成公司城镇的街道。

exemption 免税

free-enterprise 自由经营

shantytown 平民窟

The act provided for grants-in-aid （中央给地方的拨款/补助金，助学金）for slum clearance and housing rehabilitation, improvement of sewage and water facilities, supplementary rent payments to low-income facilities, health and recreation facilities, urban renewal, and suburban community development.

该法令提供拨款清除贫民窟，更新住房，改善给排水设施、给低收入家庭补贴房租；改善医疗、娱乐设施，支持城市改建和社区发展。

In crowded areas where land is fairly expensive, the semidetached, or two-family house is frequently found.

由于人口稠密地区地皮昂贵，所以连璧住房，即两户式住房随处可见。

A theater includes a stage or performing area and an auditorium or viewing place for the audience.

UNIT THREE THE LANGUAGE OF ARCHITECTURE

KEY WORDS:

aboriginal 土著的

refined 精细的

illiterate 文盲的

put down 认为

spire 塔尖

innumerable 无数的

indeterminate 不确定的

intangible 触摸不到的

interpretive 解释的

receptive 有接受能力的

humble 地位低下的