建筑学常见英语词汇

建筑学常用英文词汇a. design basis 设计依据计划建议书 planning proposals [pr? 'p? ? z(?川设计任务书 design order标准规范 standards and codes条件图 information drawing设计基础资料 basic data for desig n工艺流程图 process flowchart工程地质资料 engineering geological data原始资料 original [? 'r? d? ? nl] data设计进度 schedule ['sk? d? ul] of designb. stage of desig n 设计阶段方案 scheme [ski? m], draft草图sketch会谈纪要 summary of discussion谈判 negotiation [n ? , g o? ? 'e? ? n]可行性研究 feasibility [fi ? z? 'b? l? t? ] study初步设计 preliminary [pr? 'l? m? n(? )r? ] design 基础设计 basic design 详纟田设计 detail design询价图 enquiry [? n'kwa? r? ] drawing施工图 work ing draw ing, con struct ion draw ing竣工图 as-built draw ingc. climate con diti on 气象条件日照 sunshine风玫瑰 wind rose主导风向 prevailing [pr? 've? I? ?] wind direction最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity [v? 'I? s? t?] 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning飓风 hurricane [h? r? ? ken]台风 typhoon [ta? 'fu? n]旋风 cyclone ['sa? klon]降雨强度 rainfall intensity年降雨量 annual ['? nju? l] rainfall湿球温度 wet bulb temperature干球温度 dry bulb temperature冰冻期 frost [fr? st] period冰冻线frost line冰冻区frost zone室外计算温度 calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区 region with heating provision [pr? 'v? ? n]不采暖地区 region without heat ing provisi on绝对大气压 absolute atmospheric [,? tm? s'f? r? k] pressure 相对湿度 relative humidityd. gen eral room n ame 常用房间名称办公室office服务用房 service room换班室 shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室 living room浴室 bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室 locker room厕所 lavatory ['l? v? t(? )r?]门厅 lobby ['l? b?]诊室 clinic ['kl? n? k]工作间 workshop电气开关室 switchroom走廊 corridor ['k? r? d? ?]档案室 archive [' a rka? v]电梯机房 lift motor room车库 garage ['g? r a ? (d)?]清洁间 cleaning room洗衣房 /干洗房 laundry ['l ? ? ndr? ] room会议室(正式)conference ['k a nf? r? ns] room会议室 meeting room衣柜间 ward [w ? ? d] robe [r? ? b]暖风间 h.V.a.c room (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) 饭店 restaura nt餐厅 can tee n, di ning room厨房 kitchen入口 entrance接待处 reception area会计室 accountant room秘书室 secretary ['sekr? t(? )r? ] room电气室 electrical room控制室 control room工长室 foreman ['f? ? m? n] office开关柜室 switch gear [g? ?]前室 ante cabinet ['k? b? n? t] (ante.)生产区 production area马达控制中心 mcc (Motor Control Center)多功能用房 utility [ju? ? t? l? t? ] room化验室 laboratory ['l? br? 't? m room经理室 manager room披屋(阁楼)penthouse警卫室 guard [ga rd] housee. roofing and ceil ing 屋面及天棚女儿墙 parapet ['p? r? p? t]雨蓬 canopy ['k? n? p?]屋脊 roof ridge [r? d?]坡度slope坡跨比pitch分水线 water-shed [? ed]二毡三油 2 layers of felt [felt] & 3 coats of bitumastic [,bitju:'m ? stik]沥青砂胶附加油毡一层 extra ply [pla?]厚度、板层of felt檐口 eave[i:v]挑檐 overhanging eave檐沟 eave gutter平屋面flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管 downspout ['da? nspa? t], rain water pipe)(r.w.p)汇水面积 catchment area泛水 flashing内排水 in terior drain age ||['dre? n ? d?]外排水 exterior [? k'st? r? ? ] drainage滴水drip屋面排水 roof drain age找平层 leveling course [k? ? s]卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檩条 purlin ['p? ? l? n]屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board防水层 water-proof course检查孑L inspection [? n'spek? n] hole人孑L man hole吊顶 suspended[s? 'spendid] ceiling, false [f? ls] ceiling檐板(窗帘盒)cornice ['k? ? n? s]f. wall (cladding) 墙体(外墙板)砖墙 brick wall 砌块墙block wall 清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙 rendered wall 石膏板墙gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙 hollow brickwall 承重墙 bearing wall 非承重墙 non-bearing wall 纵墙 Iongitudinal wall 横墙 transverse wall夕卜墙 external (exterior) wall 内墙 internal (interior) wall 填充墙 filler wall 防火墙fire wall 窗间墙wall between window 空心墙cavity wall 压顶coping圈梁 gird, girt, girth 玻璃隔断 glazed wall 防潮层 damp-proof course (d.p.c) 遮阳板 sun shade阳台 baleony伸缩缝 expansion joint沉降缝 settlement joint抗震缝 seismic joint复合夹心板 sandwieh board压型单板 corrugated single steel plate 夕卜墙板 cladding panel复合板 composite panel轻质隔断 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚（基座）pli nthg. floor and trench 地面及地沟地坪grade地面和楼面 ground and floor 素土夯实 rammed earth 炉渣夯实 tamped cinder 填土 filled earth回填土夯实 tamped backfill垫层 bedding course, blinding面层 covering, finish结合层 bonding (binding) course找平层 leveling course素水泥浆结合层 n eat ceme nt bi ndi ng course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面mach ine trowelled con crete floor 水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring马赛克地面 mosaic flooring瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring油地毡地面 linoleum flooring预制水磨石地面 precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring搁栅joist硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面 tongued and grooved flooring防酸地面 acid-resista nt floor钢筋混凝土楼板 rei nforced con crete slab (r.c slab) 乙烯基地面vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo 地面做 2%坡 floor with 2% slope集水沟 gully集水口 gulley排水沟 drain age trench沟盖板 trench cover活动盖板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻边 hole up sta nd电缆沟 cable trenchh. doors,glass,w in dows & ironmon gery(hardware) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件木 (¥冈)门 wooden (steel) door镶板门 panelled door夹板门 plywood door铝合金门 aluminum alloy door卷帘门 roller shutter door弹簧门 swing door推拉门 slidi ng door平开门 side-hu ng door折叠门 fold ing door旋转门 revolving door玻璃门 glazed door密闭门 air-tight door保温门 thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门 galva ni zed steel wire mesh door 防火门 fire door（大门上的）小门wicket门框 door frame门扇 door leaf门洞 door opening结构开洞 structural opening单扇门 single door双扇门 double door疏散门 emergency door纱门 screen door门槛 door sill门过梁 door lintel上冒头top rail下冒头 bottom rail门边木stile门樘侧料side jumb槽口 notch木窗 wooden window¥冈窗 steel window铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window百叶窗(通风为主)sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind) 塑钢窗 plastic steel window空腹钢窗 hollow steel window固定窗 fixed window平开窗 side-hung window推拉窗 sliding window气窗 transom上悬窗 top-hung window中悬窗 center-pivoted window下悬窗 hopper window活动百叶窗 adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer window密圭寸双层玻璃 sealed double glaz ing钢筋混凝土过梁 rein forced con crete lin tel钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel窗扇 casement sash窗台 window sill窗台板 window board窗中梃mullion窗横木mutin窗边木stile 压缝条 cover mould窗帘盒 curtain box合页(铰链)hinge (butts)转轴pivot长脚铰链 parliament hinge闭门器 door closer地弹簧 floor closer插销bolt门锁 door lock拉手pull链条chain门钩 door han ger碰球 ball latch窗钩 window catch暗插销 insert bolt电动开关器 electric opener平板玻璃plate glass夹丝玻璃wire glass透明玻璃 clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃)ground glass (frosted glass) 防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸热玻璃heat absorbing glass 磨光玻璃polished glass 着色玻璃pigmented glass 玻璃瓦glass tile 玻璃砖 glass block有机玻璃 organic glassi. staircase, la nding & lift (elevator) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯stair楼梯间 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯 crane ladder直爬梯 vertical ladder 踏步step扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)踏步板tread档步板riser踏步宽度tread width防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)栏杆 railing (balustrade)平台栏杆 platform railing吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole扶手 handrail梯段高度 height of flight防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage)平台 landing (platform)操作平台 operating platform装卸平台 platform for loading & unioading楼梯平台 stair landing客梯 passenger lift货梯 goods lift客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift液压电梯 hydraulic lift自动扶梯 escalator观光电梯 observation elevator电梯机房 lift mortar room电梯坑lift pit电梯井道lift shaftj. buildi ng material words and phrases 建筑材料词汇及短语 bricks and tiles 砖和瓦红砖 red brick粘土砖 clay brick瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖fire brick空心砖 hollow brick面砖 facing brick地板砖 flooring tile缸砖 clinkery brick马赛克 mosaic陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugated asbestos ceme nt sheet lime, sand and stone 灰、砂和石石膏gypsum大理石marble汉白玉 white marble花岗岩 granite碎石 crushed stone毛石rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩 pearlite水磨石 terrazzo卵石cobble砾石gravel粗砂 course sand中砂 medium sand纟田砂fine sandceme nt, mortar and con crete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥（普通硅酸盐水泥）portland cement硅酸盐水泥silicate cement火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement白水泥 white cement水泥砂浆 cement mortar石灰砂浆 lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆（混合砂浆）cement-lime mortar保温砂浆 thermal mortar防水砂浆 water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆 acid-resista nt mortar耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar灰缝 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete轻质混凝土 lightweight con crete纟田石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete炉渣混凝土 cinder concretefacing and plastering materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石 granitic plaster斩假石 artificial stone刷浆 lime wash可赛银 case in大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道 sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆 ceme nt mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰 lath and plasterasphalt(bitumen) and asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材 asphalt felt沥青填料 asphalt filler沥青胶泥 asphalt grout冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer 沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic 沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum 石棉板 asbestos sheet石棉纤维 asbestos fiber timber 木材裂缝 crack透裂 split环裂 shake干缩 shri nkage翘曲 warpi ng原木 log圆木 round timber方木 square timber板材 pla nk木条 batte n板条 lath木板 board红松 red pine白松 white pine落叶松 deciduous pine 云杉spruce柏木 cypress白杨 white poplar桦木birch冷杉fir栎木oak榴木willow榆木elm杉木cedar柚木teak樟木 camphor wood防腐处理的木材 preservative-treated lumber 胶合板plywood三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood企口板 tongued and grooved board层夹板 lam in ated pla nk胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber纤维板 fiber-board竹子 bamboometallic materials 金属材料黑色金属 ferrous metal圆钢 steelbbar方¥冈 square steel扁钢 steel strap,flat steel型钢 steel section (shape)槽钢 channel角钢 angle steel等边角钢 equal-leg angle不等边角钢 un equal-leg an gle工字钢 i-beam宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange i-beam丁 (之)字钢 t-bar (z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢 light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧 hot-rolled冷轧 cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷压 cold-pressed合金钢 alloy steel钛合金 titanium alloy不锈钢 stainless steel竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar变形钢筋 deformed bar光圆钢筋 plain round bar钢板 steel plate薄钢板 thin steel plate低碳钢 low carb on steel冷弯 cold bending钢管 steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe黑铁管iron pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe铸铁 cast iron生铁 pig iron熟铁 wrought iron镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire钢丝网 steel wire mesh多孔金属网 expanded metal锰钢 managanese steel高强度合金钢 high stre ngth alloy steelnon-ferrous metal 有色金属金 gold白金 platinum铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze令艮silver铝 aluminum铅 leadan ti-corrosi on materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯polythene, polyethylene 尼龙nylon 聚氯乙烯pvc (polyvinyl chloride) 聚碳酸酯polycarb on ate 聚苯乙烯polystyrene 丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin 乙烯基酯 vinyl ester 橡胶内衬rubber lining 氯丁橡胶 neoprene 沥青漆 bitumen paint 环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint 氧化锌底漆 zincoxide primer 防锈漆 anti-rust paint 耐酸漆 acid-resista nt paint 耐碱漆alkali-resista nt paint 水玻璃 sodium silicate 树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar 环氧树脂 epoxy res inbuildi ng hardware 建筑五金钉子 nails螺纹屋面钉 spiral-threaded roofing nail环纹石膏板钉 annu lar-ri ng gypsum board n ail螺丝screws平头螺丝 flat-head screw螺栓bolt普通螺栓 commercial bolt高强螺栓 high strength bolt预埋螺栓insert bolt胀锚螺栓cinch bolt垫片washerpaint油漆底漆primer防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint调和漆 mixed paint无光漆flat paint透明漆varnish银粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油drying oil稀释剂thinner焦油tar沥青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, chinese wood oil红丹 red lead铅油 lead oil腻子puttyk. other architectural terms 其它建筑术语discipline 专业建筑 architecture土木 civil给排水 water supply and drain age总图 plot plan采暖通风 h.v.a.c (heating、ventilation and air conditioning) 电力供应 electric power supply电气照明 electric lighting电讯 telecommunication仪表 instrument热力供应 heat power supply动力 mechanical power工艺 process tech no logy管道pipingconven ti onal terms 一般通用名词建筑原理 architect onics建筑形式 architectural style民用建筑 civil architecture城市建筑 urba n architecture农村建筑 rural architecture农业建筑 farm buildi ng工业建筑 in dustrial buildi ng重工业的 heavy in dustrial轻工业的 light in dustrial古代建筑 ancient architecture现代建筑 moder n architecture标准化建筑standardized buildings 附属建筑auxiliary buildings 城市规戈U city planning 厂区内 within site厂区外offsite圭寸闭式 closed type开敞式open type半开敞式 semi-open type 模数希9 modular system 单位造价 un it cost 概算preliminary estimate 承包商con structor, con tractor 现场site 扩建extension 改建 reconstruction 防火 fire-prevention 防震 aseismatic, quake-proof 防腐anti-corrosion 防潮 dump-proof 防水 water-proof 防尘 dust-proof 防锈rust-proof 车流量 traffic volume 货流量 freight traffic volume 人流量pedestrian volume 透视图 perspective drawing 建筑模型 building model architectural physics 建筑物理照明 illumination照度 degree of illumi natio n亮度 bright ness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting光强 light in ten sity侧光 side light顶光 top light眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth辐射 radiati on对流 conv ecti on传导 con ducti on遮阳 sun-shade保温 thermal in sulati on恒温 con sta nt temperature恒湿 con sta nt humidity噪音 n oise隔音 soun d-proof吸音 sound absorpti onJH露点dew point隔汽 vapor-proofn ame of professi onal role 职务名称项目经理 project manager (pm)设计经理 design manager首席建筑师 principal architect总工程师 chief engineer土木工程师 civil engineer工艺工程师 process engineer电气工程师 electrical engineer机械工程师 mechanical engineer计划工程师 planning engineer助理工程师 assistant engineer实习生 probationer专家 specialist, expert希9图员 draftsman技术员 techniciandrafting 制图总说明 general specification工程说明 project specification采用标准规范目录 list of sta ndards and specificatio n adopted图纸目录 list of drawings平面图plan局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale•… 平面示意图 schematic plan of...平剖面图 sectional plan of...留孔平面图 pla n of provisi on of holes咅y面 section纵剖面 longitudinal section横咅面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透视图 perspective drawing侧立面 side elevation背立面 back elevation详图 detail drawings典型节点 typical detail节点号 detail no.首页 front page图纸目录及说明 list of contents and descriptio n 图例lege nd示意图 diagram草图sketch荷载简图 load diagram流程示意图 flow diagram标准图 standard drawing...布置图 layout of ...地形图 topographical map土方工程图 earth-work draw ing展开图 developed drawing模板图 formwork drawing配筋 arrangement of reinforcement表格tables工程进度表 working schedule技术经济指标 technical and economical index 建、构筑物一览表 list of buildi ngs and structures 编号coding序歹U号 serial no.行和栏 rows and columns备注 remarks等级grade直线 straight line曲线curves曲折线 zigzag line虚线 dotted line实线 solid line影线 hatchi ng line点划线 dot and dash line轴线axis等高线 con tour line 中心线 center line双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola 切线 tangent line尺寸线 dimension line 园形 round环形 annular方形square矩形 rectangle平行四边形 parallelogram 三角形 triangle 五角形 pentagon 六角形 hexagon 八角形 octagon梯形 trapezoid圆圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形sector球形的 spherical抛物面 paraboloid圆锥形cone椭圆形 ellipse, obiong面积area体积volume容量 capacity重量weight质量mass力 force米 meter厘米 centimeter毫米 millimeter公顷 hectate牛顿 / 平方米 n ewt on /square meter 千克 /立方米 kilogram/cubic meter英尺foot英寸 inch磅 pound吨ton加仑gall on千磅kip平均尺寸 average dimension变尺寸 variable dimension夕卜形尺寸 overall dimension展开尺寸 developed dimension内径 in side diameter外径 outside diameter净重 net weight毛重 gross weight数量 qua ntity百分比 percentage净空 cleara nee净高 headroom净距 clear dista nee净跨 clear spa n截面尺寸 sectional dimension开间 bay进深 depth单跨 sin gle spa n双跨 double spa n多跨 multi-spa n标咼 elevati on, level绝对标高 absolute elevation 设计标高 designed elevation 室外地面标高 ground elevati on 室内地面标高 floor elevation柱网 column grid坐标 coordinate厂区占地 site area使用面积 usable area辅助面积 service area通道面积 passage area管架 pipe rack管廊 pipeline gallery架空管线 overhead pipeline排水沟 drain ditch集水坑sump pit喷泉 fountain地漏 floor drain消火栓 fire hydra nt灭火器 fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器 carb on dioxide ext in guisher 卤代烷灭火器 hal on ext in guisher欢…一……。