主谓一致中的就近原则
主谓一致的三个原则
主谓一致的三个原则在英语中谓语动词在人称和数上必须同主语保持一致。
确定主谓一致要根据以下三个基本原则：一、语法一致原则, 即谓语动词要和它的主语在形式上取得一致，即单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。
但要注意以下几种情况：1由and 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数。
A teacher and his students are invited to the English evening.一个老师和他的学生被邀请参加英语晚会。
但以下两种情况谓语动词要用单数形式：(1)并列主语指同一人（物）、同一概念（这是第二个名词前无冠词）时；The professor and writer is coming to the meeting. 那位教授兼作家将来参加会议。
Truth and honesty is the best policy. 诚实才是上策。
类似的短语还有a cart and horse(马车), a cup and saucer(放在盘子上的茶杯), cause and effect(因果), bread and butter(黄油面包), iron and steel(钢铁) ,study and research(研讨), the needle and thread(针线), trial and error(反复试验)(2) 并列主语分别被each, every, no, many a 修饰时。
如：Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书、每张纸都摆放得井井有条。
No teacher and no student is present. 没有教师和学生出席。
2. 单个不定式、动词-ing、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Taking care of children needs patience. 照看儿童需要耐心。
To remember these words is our main task today. 记住这些单词是我们今天的主要任务。
主谓一致的基本原则
主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致有以下三条原则：1语法一致原则,即在语法形式上取得一致;例如,主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采取复数形式;例如：The students are very young．This picture looks beautiful．2意义一致原则,即从意义着眼处理一致关系;例如,主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数,谓语动词也采取单数形式;people in that country are fighting for independence．crowd deeply respect their leader．years in a strange land seems a long time．3就近原则,即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语;例如：Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy．Either ..or …2．主谓一致的用法根据以上三条原则,主谓一致有如下用法：1下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式a．表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式;例如：hundred miles is a long distance．dollars is a high price for that book．b．由anyone,anything,anybody,noone,nothing,everyone,everybody,everything,some one,somebody,each,either,neither等不定代词作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式;例如：is knocking at the door．is better than going to the movie tonight．c．由“a series of,a kind of,a portion of +名词”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式;例如：A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week．d．由“many a,more than one +单数名词”作主语,尽管意义上表示复数,但谓语动词仍采用单数形式;例如：Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break．There is more than one answer to your question．e．“名词+and+名词”作主语,表示同一人、同一概念或事物时,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：A writer and educator is giving a lecture now．这个人既是作家又是教育家A writer and a educatorf．"either neither + of +复数名词或代词"作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：either of you takes a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work．of them wants to come．g．在each…and each…,every…and every…等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：Each man and each woman has the right to vote．h．动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;例如：What I want to say is none of your business．Listening to the classical music is enjoyable．i．以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时,如politics政治学,mathematics数学,statistics统计学,acoustics声学,linguistics语言学等,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：Mathematics is what he majors in．2下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词;意义一致a．由“a11,none,no,most,half,the last,the rest,the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定;例如：None of the food is wasted．None of the students were absent．The rest of the lecture was dull．The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday．b．由"lots of,heaps of,loads Of,scads of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定;例如：Lots of work is to be done this week.Lots of people are going to swim this afternoon．There is loads of milk on the farm．There are loads of big red apples on the ground．There is heaps of fun．c．由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式;例如：Three-quarters of the area is cultivated.Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam．3下列结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定;a．由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式;如果表示一类人如the rich,the poor,the blind,the deaf,the sick,the young,the old,谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：The blind are taught trades in special schools．表示一类人The good in him overweighs the bad．表示抽象概念The departed was a good friend of his．表示个人b．family,crowd,committee,class,audience,group ,government,team,public,majority,minority等集合名词作主语,谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定;例如：The family like to listen to the music．the family 指这家人,用作复数The family is small．the family指这个家庭,用作单数The committee has considered your proposal．the committee指委员会,用作单数The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes． the committee指委员会的委员们,用作复数下列结构作主语,谓语动词一般单复数均可;a.以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时,谓语动词一般单复数均可;例如：Five and six make／makes eleven．Seven times ten are seventy．但是：Twenty from thirty leaves ten．Six sevens are forty-two.b．由"one in／out of +名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数均可;例如：One in ten were／was present．下列结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时,一般谓语动词用复数形式;例如：A girl and a boy want to go．Both rice and wheat are grown in that country．6下列结构作主语,谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定;a．由as well as,together with,besides,like,along with,with but,except,accompanied by,rather than,including连接两个名词作主语,谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定;例如：The president of the college,together with the deans,is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations．The young mother with her two children is coming now．The plant manager,like many technicians,is experienced in designing new products．b．“名词+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致;例如：The picture of the children孩子的照片 brings back many memories of my past experiences．The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful．c．由not only…butalso,either…or,neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定;例如：He or you have taken my pen．Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it．One or two days are enough to visit the city. d．there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式;例如：There is a garden in front of the house．There are two things I'd like to say here．7关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法a．由"this／that kind／type of +名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式；而由"these／those kind／type of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;例如：kind of apples is highly priced．这种kinds of tests are good．那些b．由“a number of,a total of,an avera ge of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式；由“the number of,the total of,the average of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;例如：A number of students are waiting for the bus．The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.c．one of,the only one of的一致用法This is one of the books that have been recommended．This is the only one of the books that has been recommended．3．前后呼应的用法1当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,eve rything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时,其相应的代词一般用单数形式;例如：If anybody calls,tell him that I'm out．Something strange happened,didn't itEvery passenger has to carry his own luggage．2人称代词与名词的呼应：人称代词I me,he him,she her,it it都是代替前面的单数名词,而they them,we us则是代替复数名词的,you既可以代表单数,也可以代表复数;但表示泛指的时候,用he或one来表示;例如：If a young person enters a classical music field only for money,he is in the wrong profession．The leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous to horses and when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours;3物主代词与名词的呼应：my,our,his,her,its,their要与代替的名词在数上一致;例如：The welfare department,as well as the other social services,will have its budget cut．Delphins are warm-blooded；that is,their body temperature always stays about thesame,regardless of the surroundings．4反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应;Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.Everybody clings to this illusion about himself．I have just been out to get myself a cup of tea．5指示代词与所代名词间的呼应：this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词,these和those指代复数名词those还可以用作先行词,引导定语从句,表示“那些人”;例如：She invited all those who had been her former colleagues．The amount of the pressure caused by the weight of a column of fluid is determined by the height of this column．6much和much of后接不可数名词,而many和many of 后接可数名词的复数;例如：There is not much coal left．A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake．7表示量的词后面有的接可数名词,有的接不可数名词;接可数名词的有：a number of,a range of,a series of十复数名词；接不可数名词的有：a great deal of,an amount of十不可数名词；既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有：a lot of,a variety of;例如： government attached a great deal of importance to education．a number of women applied for this job．college library has a variety of books．apple is a variety of fruit．wide range of disorders can affect the human muscular system．。
主谓一致——就近原则
主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
主谓一致
主谓一致主谓一致是指两个语法成分，即主语和谓语，之间的协调成分。
在英语中，主谓一致主要是指用作主语的名词或代词和用作谓语的动词在人称、数、性格等方面的一致。
通常遵循三个原则，即就近原则和语法原则。
1.就近原则谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词或代词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则叫做“就近原则”。
（1）在“名（代）词+or+名（代）词”结构后的动词一般应与or后的名（代）词一致。
He or his brothers were to blame .应该怪他或他的兄弟们。
You or Mary is going to meet them at the station this afternoon .今天下午你或玛丽将到火车站接他们。
（2）“either+名（代）词+or +名（代）词”结构后的动词一般应与or后的名（代）词一致。
Either the shirts or the sweater is a good buy这些衬衣，或者这件毛衣，买了是会合算的。
Either dye or oil paints are used to colour cloth .给布料上色要么用染料，要么用油漆。
(3)“not only +名（代）词+but (also)+名（代）词”结构后的动词一般应与but(also)后的名（代）词一致。
Not only the students but also their teacher is enjooying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部电影，他们的老师也在欣赏这部电影。
Not only our society but also the people in it have changed .不仅是他父母，而且他本人都想团聚在一起。
（4）“neither +名（代）词+nor +名（代）词”结构后的动词一般应与nor 后的名（代）词一致。
高中英语语法专题主谓一致与常见短语
高中英语语法专题主谓一致与常见短语主谓一致“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致.主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致,如何学好英语?小编在这里整理了相关资料，快来学习学习吧!高中英语语法专题主谓一致一. 就近原则：在not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be… 句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。
例： 1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager.二. 集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数;指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：如：class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。
例：1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment .2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games .三. 当两个名词用 with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例： 1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week.2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)四. 当 each, neither, either 以及由 every, any, no, some 与 one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致——就近原则
主谓一致——就近原则.代表词汇：代表词汇：主谓一致现象。
有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。
例如：Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。
就近原则现象。
还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。
此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。
例如：Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。
1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.= Neither he nor you are right.3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.百度词条：就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
英语语法：主谓一致中的“就近原则”
英语语法：主谓⼀致中的“就近原则”英语句⼦中，主语的“⼈称”和“数”要限制，决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫“主谓⼀致”关系。
它通常依据三项原则： 1)语法⼀致; 2)意义⼀致; 3)就近⼀致。
【语法⼀致原则】 I .主语的“⼈称”决定谓语动词的形式。
e.g. ①I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好⾳乐。
②Are your mother a worker ? (误)你母亲是⼯⼈吗? Is your mother a worker ?(正)(主语your mother 是单数第三⼈称) I .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式。
1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)”或“从句”等作主语，⽤单数谓语形式。
e.g. ①The work is important . 这项⼯作重要。
②To serve the country is our duty . 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
③How and why he left was a sad story . 他离开的经过和原因是⼀段伤⼼的经历。
2. 复数的名词、代词⼀般接复数谓语形式。
e.g. ①The children are taken good care of . 孩⼦们得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了。
II. 以“and ”或“both… and”连接的并列主语： 1.通常作复数⽤。
e.g. ①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他⾔⾏不⼀致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2. 如果并列主语指的是“同⼀个”⼈(事、物、抽象概念)，作单数⽤。
英语主谓一致中就近原则和就远原则
英语主谓一致中就近原则和就远原则在英语语法中，主谓一致是指谓语动词必须与其所修饰的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
这个规则在句子中起着非常重要的作用，使得句子更加清晰和易于理解。
然而，当主词由两个或更多个名词组成时，就会出现就近原则和就远原则的问题。
下面将详细讨论这两个概念以及它们在主谓一致中的应用。
就近原则和就远原则在主谓一致中的作用是解决由并列结构引起的冲突。
并列结构是指由连词连接的两个或更多个并列成分，这些成分通常由并列连词（如and、or、but等）引导。
当并列成分之间存在谓语动词时，就需要根据主谓一致原则来确定谓语动词的形式。
就近原则（Proximity Agreement）是指谓语动词的形式应该与离它最近的主语保持一致。
这意味着当主语由并列结构组成时，谓语动词应该与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
例如：1. My friend and I are going to the party.（我的朋友和我要去参加派对。
）2. The dog and the cat are playing in the garden.（狗和猫在花园里玩。
）在第一个例子中，谓语动词are与最近的主语I保持一致。
在第二个例子中，谓语动词are与最近的主语cat保持一致。
然而，就近原则并不是绝对的规则。
在一些情况下，就近原则会被就远原则（Proximity Disagreement）所取代。
就远原则是指谓语动词的形式应该与其中一个主语保持一致，通常是离谓语动词更远的主语。
这种情况下，就远原则一般出现在最近的主语和谓语动词之间有插入语的情况下。
例如：1. The cat, along with the dogs, is sleeping.（猫和狗们都在睡觉。
）2. My sister, as well as her friends, is going on the trip.（我姐姐和她的朋友们都要去旅行。
）在第一个例子中，虽然最近的主语是dogs，但是由于插入语along with独立于并列结构之外，因此谓语动词is与最远的主语cat保持一致。
英语语法中几个就近原则
英语语法中几个就近原则在英语语法中有几个就近原则，它们是：1.主谓一致的就近原则（Proximity Agreement in Subject-Verb Agreement）：当主语由两个或更多个单数名词或代词组成，并且连接词为"and"时，谓语动词应与最靠近它的名词或代词在数上一致。
例如：The book and the pen are on the table. （书和笔在桌子上。
）2. 反身代词的就近原则（Proximity Agreement in Reflexive Pronouns）：当反身代词作为主语时，它应该与最靠近它的名词在人称和数上一致。
例如：John and his sister bought themselves new clothes.（约翰和他的姐姐给自己买了新衣服。
）3. 代词的就近指代原则（Proximity Agreement in Pronoun Reference）：当一个名词或该名词的同位语和一个代词一起使用时，代词应该与最靠近它的名词或同位语在人称、数、性别和格上一致。
例如：Peter and his friends played a game. They won. （彼得和他的朋友们玩了一场比赛。
他们赢了。
）4. 介词短语的就近修饰原则（Proximity Agreement in Prepositional Phrase Modifiers）：当一个名词有多个介词短语修饰时，这些介词短语应该紧密地连接到最靠近它的名词上，以避免歧义。
例如：The girl in the red dress with a hat is my sister.（穿着红色连衣裙戴着帽子的女孩是我妹妹。
）5. 修饰语的就近修饰原则（Proximity Agreement in Modifier Placement）：修饰语应尽可能地靠近它所修饰的词，以避免歧义。
10.主谓一致
主谓一致1. 主谓一致是指：(1) 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，(2) 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
(3) 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
2. 主谓一致中的就近原则(1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.(2)当either… or…, not only…but also…与neither… nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.(3) 用几分之几/X%/half of/part of/the rest of等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词、代词保持一致。
The rest of the money has been spent.Two thirds of the bread was eaten.Half of the students are here.3. 主谓一致中的语法一致原则(1) 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
Much water is needed in this area. Many trees are planted along the street.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.(2) 非谓语动词或主语从句作主语To live is to struggle. Swimming is a good exercise.Whether he comes or not makes no difference.What you said is quite true.What he wants is a pen/are English books.(3) 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数Reading and writing are very important.(4) 非并列主语情况下的主谓一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, as well as, including等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
英语：主谓一致的用法
6. 以-ics结尾表学科的复形名词要求用单数动词 Politics(政治) is often a topic for discussion. Statistics (统计学) is a principal course at the business school. 注意： 这类名词用于表示具体的、实际的内容时，则往 往要求复数动词。 What are your politics(政治观点)? Statistics(统计数字) prove nothing in this case.
2. “each / every / no+单形名词+ each / every / no+单 形名词”结构要求单数动词 Every hour and every minute(每一小时，每一分钟) is important. 3. “名词/代词+or+名词/代词”结构应根据or后的名 词/代词确定单/复数动词 He or I (他或是我) am in the wrong. He or his brothers(他或他的兄弟们) were to blame. 4. “either+名词+or+名词”结构应根据or后的名词/代 词确定单/复数动词 Either the shirts or the sweater(这些衬衣，要不就 是这件毛衣) is a good buy.
I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.
二、意义一致
主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则 谓语动词用复数； 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓 语动词用单数。
The crowd were surrounding the government official. Maths is hard to learn.
主谓一致就近原则
主谓一致就近原则
主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数方面要保持一致。
就近
原则是指当主语由多个名词或代词构成时，谓语动词的形式与离其最近的
名词或代词保持一致。
主谓一致使得句子更加流畅和易于理解，同时也能避免产生语法错误。
就近原则则是在主语由多个名词或代词组成时，选择离谓语动词最近的名
词或代词来决定谓语动词的形式。
下面是一些主谓一致和就近原则的例子：1.单个主语的情况：
- The cat is sleeping.（猫在睡觉）
- He is playing basketball.（他在打篮球）
2.多个主语的情况：
- The cat and the dog are playing.（猫和狗在玩耍）
- She and her brother are studying.（她和她哥在学习）
3.就近原则的应用：
- Neither the students nor the teacher is happy.（学生和老师
都不开心）
- Either the cat or the dogs are responsible for the mess.
（是猫还是狗造成了这一困境）
总结起来，主谓一致和就近原则对于正确使用英语语法至关重要。
在
撰写文章或交流时，我们应该注意主语和谓语之间的一致性，并根据就近
原则选择正确的动词形式。
这样能够使我们的语言更加准确和流利。
就近一致原则口诀
What we need badly here is more time.
What we need badly here are doctors.
11. 不定代词按单数，偶复情况记牢固。
常见不定代词有： everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody 等。如：
14. 定语从句要细看，定谁就按谁来变。
关系代词 who, that, which 在定语从句中作主语，谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定。如：
This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire. （先行词为 rooms ）
When and where to build the new factory is not decided.
When to build the new factory and where to build the new factory haven't been decided.
7.固定结构作主语，道理不讲自分明。
12. “ the + 形容词”指一类，不懂内涵定不会。
the 加上形容词或分词如 old, young, rich, poor, blind, weak, dead, wounded, disabled, injured 等表一类人，其意义为复数，谓语动词为复数。 the 加上以 -sh, -ese, -ch 等结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词，也表示复数含义，谓语动词也用复数。如：
5.主语后面有介短，谓语动词仍是“单”。
在主语后有 as well as / not to mention / along with / besides / except / but / in addition to /等短语时，谓语动词应与前面的真正主语一致。如：
九年义务初中英语主谓一致就近原则高频考点知识梳理
主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致的语法现象。
就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式应与离它最近的主语保持一致。
在九年义务初中英语中，主谓一致就近原则是一个经常出现的考点，下面对该知识进行梳理。
一、主谓一致的基本规则1.如果主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：- Jane reads books in the library. （主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词用单数形式reads）2.如果主语是复数第一人称，谓语动词要用复数形式。
例如：- We play football after school. （主语是复数第一人称，谓语动词用复数形式play）3.如果主语是复数第二人称或复数第三人称，谓语动词要用复数形式。
例如：- You are students. （主语是复数第二人称，谓语动词用复数形式are）- They like swimming. （主语是复数第三人称，谓语动词用复数形式like）4.如果主语是单数第一人称，谓语动词可以用单数或复数形式。
例如：- I am a student. （主语是单数第一人称，谓语动词可以用单数形式am）- I like swimming. （主语是单数第一人称，谓语动词可以用复数形式like）5.当主语是由两个或两个以上的名词作并列结构时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
例如：- Tom and Jerry are good friends. （主语由Tom和Jerry构成，谓语动词用复数形式are）二、主谓一致的就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式应与离它最近的主语保持一致。
具体规则如下：1. 如果两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语，用and连接时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
例如：- Tom and Jerry are good friends. （主语Tom和Jerry是并列主语，谓语动词用复数形式are）2.如果并列主语中有一个是单数，另一个是复数，谓语动词应与距离它更近的主语保持一致。
主谓一致语法总结
主谓一致语法总结主谓一致语法总结在英语中，主谓一致是一项非常重要的语法规则。
以下是一些常见情况和相应的规则。
1.就近原则：在not only…but also。
not…but。
neither…nor。
either…or。
there be…句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。
例如：Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager.2.集合名词做主语时，谓语用复数；指团体，组织时，谓语用单数。
常见的集合名词包括class。
team。
group。
family。
audience。
government。
company。
crowd。
public。
enemy。
XXX等。
例如：The class are busy working on the XXX.XXX one in the 25th Olympic Games.3.当两个名词用with。
together with。
as well as。
rather than。
more than。
but。
except。
besides,along with。
including。
like等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例如：Jackie。
with his parents。
intends to set out for Europe on business next week.The son。
rather than his parents。
XXX.4.当each。
neither。
either以及由every。
any。
no。
some 与one。
body。
thing构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例如：Each of the girls is fond of pop music in her class.XXX is waiting for you at the school gate。
英语就近原则
英语就近原则一、什么是就近原则？就近原则指的是主谓一致中的一种情况，由于在英语中一个句子的主语有时候并不是一个，而是出现多个主语，这些主语由并列连词连接起来，共用一个谓语，那么这个谓语动词就要和最靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
二、就近原则常见结构1、由并列连词or连接的多个主语，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。
例句1：You, he or I am allowed to leave the office.译文1：你，我或者他被允许离开办公室。
解析1：句中or连接了三个主语you，he和I，谓语动词be 最靠近主语I，所以be动词要选择am。
例句2：You or he is to blame.译文2：你或者他该受责备。
解析2：句中or连接了两个主语you和he，谓语动词be最靠近主语he，所以be动词要选择is。
2、由并列连词either···or···连接的两个主语，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。
例句1：Either you or Mike is wrong.译文1：要么你错要么迈克错。
解析1：句中谓语动词be靠近主语Mike,Mike是单数第三人称，所以be动词要用is。
例句2：Either the teacher or the students are right.译文2：不是老师正确，就是学生正确。
解析2：句中谓语动词be靠近主语the students，the students 是复数第三人称，所以be动词要用are。
3、由并列连词neither···nor···连接的两个主语，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。
例句1：Neither you nor your brother likes playing football.译文1：你和你弟弟都不喜欢踢足球。
解析1：句中谓语动词like靠近单数第三人称your brother，所以动词like要变单三形式likes。
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就近原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
3.当一个句子是由there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致.例如:
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.抽屉里有一支钢笔,几个信封和一些纸.
补充：
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
@The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
@He as well as I wants to go boating.
The teacher with his students is working in the fields.
跟WITH无关的，with his student(s)就像修饰语一样，可以不管它，所以前面如果是teachers,就用复数动词，如果是teacher就用单数动词。
No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。
（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees。