构词法课件

16.mud n muddy adj
17.benefit n/v beneficial adj 18.argue v argument n
19.rely v reliable adj 20.energy n energetic adj
21.wise adj wisdom n 22.proud adj pride n
Test yourself
1.admire v admirationn 2.admit v admission n
3.anxious adj anxiety n 4.apologise v apology n
5.compete v competition n 7.grow v growth n
6.convenient adj inconvenient反 8.high adj height n
高考感知
1.(2018全国I，68）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _s_t_re_n_g_t_h_e_n(strength)your leg muscles,avoid hills and get good running shoes. 2.(2018全国I，69）Running is cheap, easy and it's always_e_n_e_r_g_e_t_ic_(energy). 3.(2018全国Ⅲ，66）I'm a_s_c_i_e_n_tis_t_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
11.However, the programs have also led to problems such as__il_le_g_a_l__(legal)parking, deliberate damaging and theft.
3.转化(Conversion) 由一个词类转化为另一个词类: eg. water ( n.)水 --- water ( v.)浇水
三个词语的含义： 词根：构成词义的最小单位，不可再分。 词缀： 前缀；后缀 词类： 十大词类
派生法
• 派生法（也称词缀法），即由一个词根加 上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的构词法， 添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一 般不改变原词的词性，只改变其词义。添 加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变 了原词的词性，有时可改变其词义。简言 之：前缀改变单词词义；词根决定单词意 思；后缀决定单词词性。
前
disuninim-
缀
(否定) (不)
（不)
(不)
irab-
ilmisnon-
（不） （不）
(非) (误) (不,非)
例词
disappear unknown indirect (常用在adj.后) impossible(用在b,p,m 开头前) imbalance, immoral, immodest irregular irresponsible abnormal
enrich
后缀
例词
-er;- or;-ee ….. 者 -ess 女的
名
-ese …. 地方的人
employer,actor,employee waitress, hostess
Chinese, Japanese
-ian 精通…的人, …地方人 musician, Russian
-ist 专业人员
Practice
Test yourself
1.admire v_________n 2.admit v_________n 3.anxious adj________n 4.apologise v_______n 5.compete v_______n 6.convenient adj_____反 7.grow v _________n 8.high adj _________n 9.hungry adj_________n 10.noise n_________adj 11.able adj_________v 12.beautiful adj______v 13.press v _______n 14.true adj______adv 15.taste v_________adj 16.mud n_________adj 17.benefit n/v______adj 18.argue v_______n 19.rely v_______adj 20.energy n_______adj 21.wise adj_______n 22.proud adj_______n
6. …you have done well and made great achievement in the entertainment (entertain) field.
7. These people have made great __c_o_n_tr_ib_u_t_io_ns (contribute) to China with their work. 8．The storm damaged several___n_e_w_ly___ (new)
三种构词法:
1.派生(Derivation):
通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: eg. happy---- unhappy ( 加前缀)
happy---- happiness ( 加后缀)
2.合成(Compounding): 由两个或更多的词合成一个词
eg. wood( 木)+ cut( 刻)----woodcut( 木刻)
构词法
高三英语组聂永丽
佳句背诵（课前三分钟候课） 1. Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor. 2. Only by protecting the environment can we live a better life. 3. Not only do after-class activities make your life colorful, but also they improve your learning.
e.g. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful
动词后缀: -fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为) ;
–en(使…）
e.g. satisfy , beautify; realize , symbolize, deepen, lengthen
built buildings
9．Numerous studies have shown that free play is verybeneficia(lbenefit). It can help children become creative.
10…. they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the lateste_x_c_it_in__g_ (excite) football match.
9.hungry adj hunger n 10.noise n noisy adj
11.able adj enable v 12.beautiful adj beautify v
13.press v pressure n 14.true adj truly adv
15.taste v tasty adj
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ,69)However, be_c_a_r_e_fu_l__(care)
not to go to extremes. 5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,70)It is _c_e_r_ta_i_n_ly_ (certain) fun but
the lifestyle is a little unreal. 6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,66)She is determined to carry on with her _e_d_u_c_a_t_io_n___ (educate)． 7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ42)Handle the most important tasks first soyou'll feel a real sense of _a_c_h_i_e_ve_m__e_n_t (achieve)．
二. 用所给单词的正确形式填空
1… Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation (appreciate) I decided to get her a present.
2. ___U_n_lu__c_ki_ly_(lucky), I arrived just too late to meet them.
Teaching aims: 1. To know about word formation especially derivation（派生）. 2. To help students enlarge their vocabulary by learning word formation. 3. To strengthen students’ self-confidence in grammar learning.
3.We apologise for any_in_c_o__n_v_e_n_ie_n_c_e(convenient)caused by the delayed.
4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said rudely (rude).
5. I must know how to care for others and try not to misunderstand(understand) them.
需要构词法知识解答的语法填空和短文 改错题主要考查以下三点： 1. 作主语、动词宾语或介词宾语，用_名__词__
2. 作定语、表语和补语，一般用_形__容__词__
3. 修饰动词、形容词、介词短语、从句或 整个句子，要用副__词___
本节重点给同学们介绍主要的构词方法和 常见的前缀和后缀即派生法，并通过构词法来 复习尽可能多的考纲词汇。
构词法就是一个单词通过转化、派生、合成 等构成另一个新词的方法。高考命题虽以考纲 所列词汇为依据，但考纲词汇通过构词法变成 的新词是不算超纲词的，这类词在每年每份试 卷中约有50个，如果不掌握好构词法，这几十 个词很可能会成为我们阅读的障碍。不仅如此， 需要构词法解答的题，在语法填空中会有 1-3题，短文改错中会有1-2题。因此，掌握构 词法，非常必要。
illegal, illogical, illiterate misunderstand nonsmoker
前缀
a-构成形容词,副词
over- 过度 inter- 相互
re-
再，又
en- 使……
例词
asleep, alone,abroad
oversleep international
recover
pianist
词 --ment 性质,状态；运动、 movement
结果
-- ness 性质, 状态
kindness
பைடு நூலகம்
--tion 表示动作,过程,结果 suggestion
形容词后缀:
• - al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y; -ful ; - less 表示具有…的性质, 或与…有关
副词后缀:
• - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily
• -ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards
数词后缀:
- teen 十 fourteen -ty整十位数 forty -th序数词 fifth twelve序数词_____tw__e_l_ft_h_____ twenty序数词___t_w__e_n_t_ie_t_h___