Unit 4 Language and Economy课文翻译大学体验英语四

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大学体验英语第四单元课后练习和课文翻译

大学体验英语第四单元课后练习和课文翻译

Unit4 Passage A 课后练习Read and think2 Answer the following questions with the information you got from the passage.1 She decided to experience living abroad early in her college years and she actually went to liv e abroad two months after she graduated from college.2 Her classmates looked for permanent jobs in the “real world” but she looked for a temporary job in another country.3 Because she only had a work visa but no job or place to live.She had no one to rely on but to depend entirely on herself.4 She had her first interview the first week and she had three altogether.5 She thought it had many advantages.Firstly she truly got to learn the culture. Secondly,it was an economical way to live and travel in another country.Thirdly,she had the chance to gain valuable working experience and internationalize her resume.She strongly recommended it.Read and complete3 Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the passage.Don’t refer back to it until you have finished.1 living abroad;the“real world”2 go and work;interviewing for3 to live abroad;was willing to do anything4 a program;with the interest5 language;opportunities6 graduated from college;traveled throughout7 finding a job;financial resources;paycheck8 found a job in London;very well—known;employers9 accepted;international bank;located10 the best decision;hesitate for a secondLanguage FocusRead and complete4 Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.1 undertaken2 had intended3 resources4 inquiries5 investigated6 recommend7 participates8 aspects9 hesitate 10 economical5 Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1 running low2 turned out3 participate in4 as a result5 so far6 Rewrite the following sentences,replacing the underlined words with their synonyms you have learned in this unit.1 employment 2 opportunities 3 advantages 4 expenses 5 accommodation(s)Read and translate7 Translate the following sentences into English.1 I have faxed my resume and a cover letter to that company, but I haven’t received a reply yet.2 John will not hesitate for a second to offer help when others are in trouble.3 I have to admit that I desire very much to work or study abroad for some time but I know it is not easy to get a visa.4 It was not until 2 years after he arrived in London that he found/took a job in an international bank.5 After finishing his teaching,Tom traveled throughout China for 2 months before returning home in America.Read and simulate8 Read and compare the English sentences,paying attention to their italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences.1 Of the three jobs available/offered,I chose this one because of the pay and the working condition.2 It wasn’t until 6 months after my graduation that I found my first job and went to work in a computer company.3 I was most scared about the next day’s job interview since 1 was not well prepared and I needed t o do more homework /preparation.4 The university I work at is in a beautiful.scenic spot Located two miles from the Xiang River.5 Exercise has many advantages.For one,it helps you to lose weight.Secondly, it helps prevent disease.Thirdly, exercising everyday keeps you fit and strong.Unit4 Passage A课文译文玛塞娜的工作经历进大学不久我就下定决心,在进入“现实世界”前先到国外呆一段。

大学体验英语综合教程第四册课文翻译及习题答案

大学体验英语综合教程第四册课文翻译及习题答案

Unit 1无名英雄:职业父亲意味着什么?在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时,我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影.我们很喜欢这部片子,但随后我丈夫问道:“父亲在哪儿呢?”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。

可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。

父亲不仅没有出现,他甚至没有被提到—- 尽管家中有婴儿,说明他不可能离开太长时间.影片给人的感觉是,父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节,甚至不需要做任何解释.新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化,这只是一个例子,它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化.大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。

职业母亲(我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的)奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。

与此同时,媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。

看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候(我怀疑这一说法的可靠性,因为“家务"的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事),或者是在他们去世的时候。

当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时,许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。

这种“无需父亲"综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。

我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持,我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准:家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬,而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲,所得到文化上的认同却很少,甚至完全得不到。

我们用来讨论父亲角色(即没出息的父亲)的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识.我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲"这一说法,在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时,很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子,同样也适应于男子。

大学体验英语四-课文翻译与课后句子翻译

大学体验英语四-课文翻译与课后句子翻译

Unit1 PA无名英雄:职业父亲意味着什么?在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次"约会”时,我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影。

我们很喜欢这部片子,但随后我丈夫问道:"父亲在哪儿呢?”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。

可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。

父亲不仅没有出现,他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿,说明他不可能离开太长时间。

影片给人的感觉是,父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节,甚至不需要做任何解释。

新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化,这只是一个例子,它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。

大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为"无需父亲”观念。

职业母亲(我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的)奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。

与此同时,媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。

看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候(我怀疑这一说法的可靠性,因为"家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事),或者是在他们去世的时候。

当布兰肯霍恩先生就"顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时,许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。

这种"无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。

我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持,我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准:家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬,而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲,所得到文化上的认同却很少,甚至完全得不到。

我们用来讨论父亲角色(即没出息的父亲)的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。

我们几乎从来没听到"职业父亲”这一说法,在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时,很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子,同样也适应于男子。

大学体验英语4课后翻译

大学体验英语4课后翻译

P17随着职务的提升,他担负的责任更大了With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.他感到他没有必要再一次为约翰承担这样的责任了He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物,与她相反,露西却喜欢待在家里看书Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.说好听点,可以说他有抱负,用最糟糕的话来说,他是没有良心或没有资格的权力追求者。

At best he’s ambitious, at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications我们已尽全力想说服他,但却毫无进展We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.P24因特网的普及给人们提供了迅速方便地获取信息的机会。

The popularity of Internet provides people with quick and convenient access to information.既然他不同意这个计划,在考虑此事就没多大意义Since he doesn’t agree to this plan, there is not much point in thinking about it any more.我本人没有看过这部影片,不过他应该是一部很好的片子I haven't seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a very good film.如果你不努力,终将一事无成。

大学英语四(综合教程)第四单元

大学英语四(综合教程)第四单元

大学英语四(综合教程)第四单元大学体验英语四(综合教程)Unit4Language and EconomyListen and TalkLead inEnglish is becoming the world's language of the21st Century and this is no time to 1.U.S.residents or immigrants2.learning English.English is now the second most widely spoken language in the world,with only Chinese 3.spoken by more people.English is 4.,the second language of5.,for non-English-speaking people.English is the official language of the European Central Bank and the working language of the Asian trade group ASEAN.In multilingual continental Europe,a 6.battle over language popularity appears to be ending with English emerging as the7.for the21st century.The Germans have given up trying to persuade more British people to learn their language and,instead,8.Germany's leading newspaper produces an eight-page English edition and declares that"9.."Switzerland has three official languages,German,French, and Italian,plus a fourth language spoken in one canton,Romansh.But Switzerland recently10.rather than one of its official languages.Key:1.discourage;2.from;3.dialects;4.overwhelmingly;5.choice6.fierce;7.standard;8.are now promoting English as the language of the21st century9.English is going to be the lingua franca of the new century10.adopted English to be taught as the second language of choice;Passage A:A stateless language that Europe must embrace 2.Answer the following questions with information from the passage.1.What is the popular superstition about English majors' choice of occupations according to the passage?English majors are confined to choosing careers between journalism and teaching.2.Why does the author think that English majors have advantages over non-English majors in terms of employment? Experience shows that English major graduates qualify for a surprising range of jobs.In fact,they are also often well prepared for future careers in law,medicine,business,and government service.3.What does the author try to say by pointing out that English major students may get high scores on the Law School Admission Test(L.S.A.T.)?The skills tested in L.S.A.T.clearly show that an undergraduate major in English is strong preparation for this test.4.How can one get admitted to a medical school in the U.S? One must take thirty-two hours of science courses and pass the M.C.A.T.with a minimum score asrequired by the particular medical school.5.What do the surveys tell us about the employment of graduates with degrees in English?They tell us that the essential skills needed for various careers are adequately covered by the education programs for English majors.3.Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage.1.What is the focus of the Law School Admission Test (L.S.A.T.)?A)Basic analyzing and problem-solving abilities.B)Specialized medical knowledge.C)Reading and writing skills.D)Ability to appreciate literature and arts.2.Why are English majors well prepared for the Medical College Admission Test?A)Because English majors have a more solid grounding in language.B)Because English majors possess skills in analysis, interpretation and communication.C)Because English majors have thirty-two semester hours of extra science training.D)Because English majors are more familiar with the requirements of the test.3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A)Graduates with merely technical qualifications often fail to find jobs in business.B)Graduates from business schools are likely to drift from one job or firm to another.C)Skills in analysis and communication are essential to success in business careers.D)Competent communicators are promising employees for future business careers.4.How can English majors be particularly well prepared for future jobs in business administration?A)By doing various kinds of professional jobs.B)By taking part in special employment training.C)By putting an emphasis on business.D)By learning basic skills in natural science.5.What does the author think of the study of English?A)The study of English is excellent preparation for professional life.B)The study of English should be business-oriented.C)The study of English is restricting or impractical.D)The study of English is highly rewarding and demanding Answer: 1.A, 2.B, 3.C, 4.C, 5.A/doc/ddce81b7f121dd36a32d82f7. htmlplete the summary of the text.The first letter of the missing word has been given to you.It is reported in this article that English majors receive excellent1)p for future careers in law,medicine, business,and government service.First,many law schools and medical schools2)i that the best preparation for them is that preparation which makes a student3)c of critical thinking;of clear,logicalself-expression;of sensitive4)a of the motives,the actions,and the thoughts of other human beings.These are the skills that the study of English is designed to teach. Second,the English major with an emphasis in business is 5)p well prepared for a future in business administration. Third,English majors are also at work in the thousand6) o provided by government at all levels.In short,a major in English is7)n restricting nor impractical:the study of English is excellent preparation for8)p life. Anwser: 1.preparation 2.indicate 3.capable 4.analysis5.particularly6.occupations7.neither8.professional5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.familiarity qualification reward sufficiently evaluate fundamental classification steer consequently sensitive 1.It is well-known that photographic paper is highly___ to light.2.The first part of Law School Admission Test evaluates skills in reading comprehension,in figure___and in theevaluation of written material.3.Because they are not___literate and job-prepared,some young people can’t hold a job for long.4.The boss managed to___the discussion away from the subject of money and into the topic of environmental protection.5.Sam’s___with pop music is so astonishing that he can sing a large number of pop songs.6.His car broke down on the way and___he was late for the meeting with his clients.7.One___of doing this social work is that I can learn to be independent,tolerant and get to meet people from different parts of the country.8.Mary has got all the right___for the job but is temperamentally unsuitable for it.9.As college students,we should have a command of the ____of not only social sciences but also natural sciences.10.The personnel manager said that he couldn’t___Mike’s ability without actually seeing him at work.Answer: 1.sensitive, 2.classification, 3.sufficiently, 4.steer, 5.familiarity,6.consequently,7.reward,8.qualifications,9.fundamentals,10.evaluate plete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage.1.Our trip was a disaster.___the hotel,it was very dirty, wet,and cold.In addition,it was miles away from the city center.2.All of the participants are trained to___their minds ___details.3.Students of psychology will___greatly___the study of literature as it provides insights into human behavior.4.When I was a college student,I never___write to my parents every week.5.The judge asked the witness to supply the facts directly __the case.Answer:1.As for2.focus...on3.benefit...from4.failed to 5.relevant to7.Each of the verbs and nouns in the following lists occurs in this passage.Choose the noun that you think collocates with each verb and write it in the blank.If you think more than one noun is possible,write them down.Answer: 1.the standard of English/broad prospects2.proficiency3.food and drink4.the rules of grammar5.habits of hearing and speaking6.the instructions/the rules of grammar7.personal danger8.documents9.prejudices10.broad prospects8.T ranslate the following sentences into English.1.我爷爷虽然70岁了,但他的爱好广泛,从下国际象棋到爬山,多种多样。

大学体验英语综合教程4Lead-in及翻译部分

大学体验英语综合教程4Lead-in及翻译部分

大学体验英语Experiencing English 第四册Unit 1 Men and Women's PrejudicesP8. Lead-inIn Britain, people tend to make jokes about some jobs or professions, or to (S1.hold) stereotyped views of them. For example, sailors are (S2.supposed) to have a "wife" in every port, university professors are often seen as (S3.absent-minded) or forgetful. there are a lot of dirty jokes about sales representatives and they are generally r egarded as not particularly (S4.dependable) other jobs may be well-paid or very (S5.responsible), but the general public think they are funny or rather (S6.boring). For instance, in most other European countries (S7.to be an engineer is to be somebody). Funnily enough, in Britain engineers are thought of as gloomy rather than cheerful (S8.as result of people's ignorance of the importance of engineers in society).P17. 8. Translate the following sentences into English.1.随着职务的提升,他担负的责任也更大了。

大学体验英语第四册 unit4

大学体验英语第四册 unit4

Passage A
A Stateless Language that Europe must Embrace
Warm-up Activity
What language do you think acts as the international language? Why? Do you think it reasonable to set English as lingua franca (通用语言) in the European Union?
Experiencing English
Book Four
Unit 4
Language and Economy
Procedure
Lead-in Activities
Discussion Video-watching & Question-Answering
Passage A
Warm-up Activity Cultural Notes Language Points Difficult sentences Summary Follow-up Activity Assignment
Language Points
count: v. be of value or importance
The first trial won’t count.
His opinion counts because of his
experience.
Language Points
set sb/sth apart (from sb/sth): make sb/sth different from or superior to others One day of the week should be set apart for relaxation. The teacher set the fighting boys apart from each other.

大学体验英语综合教程4unit4课文翻译及课后答案

大学体验英语综合教程4unit4课文翻译及课后答案

Unit 4学英语既有乐趣又有回报文学的研究——包含对哲学、宗教、历史事件的发展和观念由来的研究,不仅是文明的,并且有教化作用,而且是流行的和实际的。

在所有从文理学院毕业并获得学士学位的人中,有六分之一的主修英语。

让人惊异的是可,这些毕业生能胜任范围相当广泛的工作。

他们的经验表明,这种广泛流行的偏见是错误的,即英语专业的学生只能从事新闻或教学工作:事实上,主修英语的学生也为未来从事法律、医学、商业和公职等职业做了相当好的准备。

有人时常劝告期望上法学院或医学院的大学生要学习与他们的择业有直接联系的严格指定的课程。

有人还建议未来法学院的学生应该选修政治、历史、会计、商业管理,甚至人体解刨学、婚姻和家庭生活等课程。

未来医学院的学生被引导去学习多种理科课程,实际上,这些课程比他们考入医学院所需要的理科课程要多得多。

令人惊讶的是,许多法学院和医学院却指出,如此专门化的准备不但没有必要,而且并不可取。

没有什么“法律预科”课程:上法学院和从事法律行业的最好的准备是培养学生能够进行批判性的思考;能够进行清晰的合乎逻辑的自我表达,能够对他人的动机、行动和思想进行敏锐的分析。

这些技能也正是英语专业要教给学生掌握的技能。

此外,要进入法学院就读,通常需要具有合格院校颁发的学士学位,还需要拿到最低限度的各课平均积分点,并和在法学院录取考试中取得一个通得过的分数。

这项测试包括三个部分:首先是测试阅读理解、图形分类和书面材料评估等能力。

测试的第二部分是考核对英语语法和词汇用法的掌握能力,组织书面材料的能力和文字编辑的能力。

第三个部分是检验学生的文学、艺术、音乐、自然科学和社会科学的一般知识。

显而易见,主修英语的学生参加法学院的录取考试回得心应手。

至于医学院,入学要求的一条知识修满32个学时的理科课程。

这一要求对主修英语的学生来说肯定不成问题。

另外,许多医学院校要求学生必须在医学院入学考试中取得规定的最低分,这一测试对全面发展的文科学生来说有十分有利。

大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译及课后答案

大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译及课后答案

大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译及课后答案篇一:大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译及课后答案Unit 1课后答案Read and think 31~5 BADDCRead and think 4Read and complete 51. obligation2. applauded3. fulfilled4. mirror5. flexibility6. devalue7. striving8. entailed9. supposedly10. ConsequentlyRead and complete 6to asbestthe same tokenlargeup...asRead and translate 81.随着职务的提升,他担负的责任也更大了。

With his promotion,he has taken on greater responsibilities.2.他感到他没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。

He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物,与她相反,露西却喜欢呆在家里看书。

Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy,who prefers to stay at home reading.4.说好听一点,可以说他有抱负,用最糟糕的话来说,他是一个没有良心或没有资格的权力追求者。

At best he’s ambitious,and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5.我们已经尽全力想说服他,但是却毫无进展。

We have striven to the full to convince him ,but we have made no headway.课后答案Ex14. 1. equality2. sustained 3. clue 4. expansiveness 5. was sacked6. defined7. sphere8. sour9. depressing 10. divisionEx15. 1. in the way 2. falling apart 3. have ruled out 4. at this rate 5. took upEx. 17 Translate the following sentences into English.1. The popularity of Internet provides people with quick and convenient access to information.2. Since he doesn’t agree to this plan, there is not much point in thinking about it any more.3. I haven’t seen it myself, but it is supposed to be a very good film.4. If you don’t work hard, you’ll end up nowhere.5. It’s up to the United States to take the initiative in banning nuclear weapons.Unit 2课后答案Read and think 21~5 ACAACRead and think 4Read and complete 5overtakenunderminedRead and complete 61. brought out2. with the exception of3. thanks to4. taken in5. capable ofRead and translate 81.要是他适合当校长,那么哪个学生都可以当。

大学体验英语第四单元课后练习和课文翻译

大学体验英语第四单元课后练习和课文翻译

Unit4 Passage A 课后练习Read and think2 Answer the following questions with the information you got from the passage.1 She decided to experience living abroad early in her college years and she actually went to liv e abroad two months after she graduated from college.2 Her classmates looked for permanent jobs in the “real world” but she looked for a temporary job in another country.3 Because she only had a work visa but no job or place to live.She had no one to rely on but to depend entirely on herself.4 She had her first interview the first week and she had three altogether.5 She thought it had many advantages.Firstly she truly got to learn the culture. Secondly,it was an economical way to live and travel in another country.Thirdly,she had the chance to gain valuable working experience and internationalize her resume.She strongly recommended it.Read and complete3 Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the passage.Don’t refer back to it until you have finished.1 living abroad;the“real world”2 go and work;interviewing for3 to live abroad;was willing to do anything4 a program;with the interest5 language;opportunities6 graduated from college;traveled throughout7 finding a job;financial resources;paycheck8 found a job in London;very well—known;employers9 accepted;international bank;located10 the best decision;hesitate for a secondLanguage FocusRead and complete4 Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.1 undertaken2 had intended3 resources4 inquiries5 investigated6 recommend7 participates8 aspects9 hesitate 10 economical5 Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage. Change the form where necessary.1 running low2 turned out3 participate in4 as a result5 so far6 Rewrite the following sentences,replacing the underlined words with their synonyms you have learned in this unit.1 employment 2 opportunities 3 advantages 4 expenses 5 accommodation(s)Read and translate7 Translate the following sentences into English.1 I have faxed my resume and a cover letter to that company, but I haven’t received a reply yet.2 John will not hesitate for a second to offer help when others are in trouble.3 I have to admit that I desire very much to work or study abroad for some time but I know it is not easy to get a visa.4 It was not until 2 years after he arrived in London that he found/took a job in an international bank.5 After finishing his teaching,Tom traveled throughout China for 2 months before returning home in America.Read and simulate8 Read and compare the English sentences,paying attention to their italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences.1 Of the three jobs available/offered,I chose this one because of the pay and the working condition.2 It wasn’t until 6 months after my graduation that I found my first job and went to work in a computer company.3 I was most scared about the next day’s job interview since 1 was not well prepared and I needed t o do more homework /preparation.4 The university I work at is in a beautiful.scenic spot Located two miles from the Xiang River.5 Exercise has many advantages.For one,it helps you to lose weight.Secondly, it helps prevent disease.Thirdly, exercising everyday keeps you fit and strong.Unit4 Passage A课文译文玛塞娜的工作经历进大学不久我就下定决心,在进入“现实世界”前先到国外呆一段。

大学体验英语4课后翻译

大学体验英语4课后翻译

大学体验英语4课后翻译第一篇:大学体验英语4课后翻译大学体验英语综合教程4课后翻译1.随着职务的提升,他担负的责任也更大了。

With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2.他感到他没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。

He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物,与她相反,露西却喜欢呆在家里看书。

Mary likes to go shopping in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading.4.说好听一点,可以说他有抱负,用最糟糕的话来说,他是一个没有良心或没有资格的权力追求者。

At best he’s ambitious, and at worst a powe r-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5.我们已经尽全力想说服他,但是却毫无进展。

We have striven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.1.要是他适合当校长,那么哪个学生都可以当。

He is no more fit to be a headmaster than any schoolboy would be.2.至于她的父亲,她不敢肯定他是否会接收她和她的小孩。

As for her father, she is not sure whether he will accept her and her baby.3.晚睡会损害健康而早睡早起有益于健康。

Staying up late will undermine one’s health while going to bed early and getting up early will benefit it.4.大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。

大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译和课后翻译

大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译和课后翻译

Unit 1The Unsung Heroes: What About Working Dads?On our first "date" after our twin daughters were born, my husband and I went to see the movie Toy Story. We enjoyed it, but afterward my husband asked, "Where was the dad?" At first, it seemed petty to criticize an entertaining family movie because of one small point. The more I thought about it, however, the more glaring an omission it seemed. Not only was dad not around, he wasn't even mentioned —despite the fact that there was a baby in the family, so dad couldn't have been that long gone. It was as if the presence— or absence — of a father is a minor detail, not even requiring an explanation.This is only one example of the media trend toward marginalizing fathers, which mirrors enormous social changes in the United States. David Blankenhorn, in his book Fatherless America, refers to this trend as the "unnecessary father" concept. We are bombarded by stories about the struggles of working mothers (as opposed to non-working mothers, I suppose). Meanwhile, a high proportion of media stories about fathers focus on abusive husbands or deadbeat dads. It seems that the only time fathers merit attention is when they are criticized for not helping enough with the housework (a claim that I find dubious anyway, because the definition of "housework" rarely includes cleaning the gutters, changing the oil in the car or other jobs typically done by men) or when they die. When Mr. Blankenhorn surveyed fathers about the meaning of the term "good family man," many responded that it was a phrase they only heard at funerals.One exception to the "unnecessary father" syndrome is the glowing media attention that at-home dads have received. I do not mean to imply that at-home dads do not deserve support for making this commitment. I only mean to point out the double standard at work when at-home dads are applauded while at-home mothers and breadwinner fathers are given little, if any, cultural recognition.The very language we use to discuss men's roles (i.e., deadbeat dads) shows a lack of appreciation for the majority of men who quietly yet proudly fulfill their family responsibilities. We almost never hear the term "working father," and it is rare that calls for more workplace flexibility are considered to be for men as much as for women. Our society acts as if family obligations are not as important to fathers as they are to mothers —as if career satisfaction is what a man's life is all about. Even more insulting is the recent media trend of regarding at-home wives as "status symbols" —like an expensive car —flaunted by the supposedly few men who can afford such a luxury. The implication is that men with at-home wives have it easier than those whose wives work outside the home because they have the "luxury" of a full-time housekeeper. In reality, however, the men who are the sole wage earners for their families suffer a lot of stresses. The loss of a job — or even the threat of that happening — is obviously much more difficult when that job is the sole source of income for a family. By the same token, sole wage earners have less flexibility when it comes to leaving unsatisfying careers because of the loss of income such a job change entails. In addition, many husbands work overtime or second jobs to make more money needed for their families. For these men, it is the family that the job supportsthat makes it all worthwhile. It is the belief that having a mother at home is important to the children, which makes so many men gladly take on the burden of being a sole wage earner.Today, there is widespread agreement among researchers that the absence of fathers from households causes serious problems for children and, consequently, for society at large. Yet, rather than holding up "ordinary" fathers as positive role models for the dads of tomorrow, too often society has thrown up its hands and decided that traditional fatherhood is at best obsolete and at worst dangerously reactionary. This has left many men questioning the value of their role as fathers.As a society, we need to realize that fathers are just as important to children as mothers are —not only for financial support, but for emotional support, education and discipline as well. It is not enough for us merely to recognize that fatherlessness is a problem — to stand beside the grave and mourn the loss of the "good family man" and then try to find someone to replace him (ask anyone who has lost a father to death if that is possible). We must acknowledge how we have devalued fatherhood and work to show men how necessary, how important they are in their children's lives.Those fathers who strive to be good family men by being there every day to love and support their families —those unsung heroes —need our recognition and our thanks for all they do. Because they deserve it无名英雄:职业父亲意味着什么?在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次"约会”时,我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影。

Unit 4 Language and Economy Teaching plan大学体验英语四

Unit 4 Language and Economy Teaching plan大学体验英语四

Unit 4 Language and EconomyObjectivesAfter finishing this unit, students will be able to● talk about our languages and the popularity of English● get an idea of the overall organization of both passages● learn to use key word and expressions● adopt the reading skill Identifying Tone while reading● learn to describe sizes and shapesListen and talk (2 periods)Teaching Steps:Step 1 Greetings and Presentation (10M)(class and individual)1.Do you think English is very important?2.Why do you choose English as your major?Step 2 Lead-in (Listen twice and fill in the missing words, then check S s’ answers ) (10M)(class and individual )1. How important it is in Yi Ling’s opinion?2. What type of career is Yi Ling thinking of?Step 3 Sample Dialogue 1 (15minutes)(class and pair work)1. Listen to the dialogue and get to know the content of the dialogue.2. Listen to the tape once again and answer the questions3. Read and follow the tape and explain some of the language points aspiration: ambition.e.g. You have high aspiration!Step 4 Communicative task I (15M)(group work)1. Practise dialogue 1 in pairs (partners)2. Communicative tasksListen to the tape and then make a dialogue according to the language situation given by task 13. useful phrases and sentences1) unlimited access to knowledge2) all field of human life3) universal language on the Internet4. Work in groups (Row 1&2, Row 3&4, Row 5&6 )5. Ask 2 groups to come and act out their dialogueStep 5 Sample Dialogue 2 (15minutes)(class and pair work)1. Listen to the dialogue and get to know the content of the dialogue.2. Listen to the tape once again and answer the questions1) When do we need to use English?2) Where do we need to use English?3. Read and follow the tape and explain some of the language pointsstatistic: the amount of sth.Step 6 Communicative task II (15M)(group work)1. Practise dialogue 2 in pairs (partners)2. Communicative tasksListen to the tape and then make a dialogue according to the language situation g iven by task 23. useful phrases and sentencesChina’s fascinating culture, rich cultural heritageEnglish is widely used in…4. group work (Row 1&3, Row 2&4, Row 5(team 1&3))5. Ask 2 groups to come and act out their dialogueStep 7 AssignmentRead and practice the dialogues and make free dialogue in groups.Passage A A Stateless Language That Europe Must Embrace (2 periods)Step 1 Greetings and a brief revision ( 3-5M ) (pair work or group work)Ask one or two pairs(groups) to act out their own dialogue about cultureStep 2 Pre-reading (5M)(group discussion)1. Do you know the meaning of “ lingua franca”?2. Do you know how many people are learning English in China?3. Do you think English should be the lingua franca in Europe and even in rest of the world as well?Step 3 Skimming (10M)(individual and class work)Read passage A within 8 minutes and try to get the main idea of the passage. Reference keys: The European Union decides to adopt a multi-linguistic approach in its organizations, therefore requiring all of its documents to be translated into each of the official languages of the EU. While this is a costly, and somewhat inefficient system, it does allow the EU to present an image of linguistic equality, which is symbolic of wider equality between its member states.Step 4 Scanning (20M)(class work)Discuss in groups and divide the passage into parts and get the main idea of each part.Step 5 ReviewRetell the passage (5-8M)Step 6 Language focus1. acculturation n. 文化传入,文化适应accuracy n. precision or exactness, esp resulting from careful effort精确,准确(尤指用心的结果)2. adversary n. opponent in a contest; enemy对手;敌手aggressor n. person or enemy that attacks first, without being provoked侵略者;攻击者;侵略国3. alter v. become different; change in character, position, size, shape, etc.改变,更改(性质、位置、大小、形状等)4. ascribe v. consider sth. to be caused by , written by or belonging to sb/sth 归功于,归咎于5. bind v. hold (people or things) together; unite结合6. imbalance n. lack of balance or proportion; inequality不平衡,不均衡,失调7. imperialist a. 帝国主义的imply v. hint; suggest (sth) indirectly 暗示,含有…的意思ineffective a. not producing the required effects无效的8. inhibit v. hinder or prevent抑制,约束9. intercultural a. happening among different cultures不同文化间的10. intractable a. not easily controlled or dealt with; hard to manage 难控制的;难对付的;难处理的11. invalidate v. make sth invalid使无效或作废legislation n. action of making laws立法,法律lobby n. group of people who try to influence politicians, esp. to support or oppose proposed legislation游说议员的团体machinery n. machines in general [总称]机器,机械medium n. means by which sth is expressed or communicated媒体;方法;媒介;手段12. militaristic a. 军国主义的minority n. smaller number or part (esp. of people voting or of votes cast) 少数13. monolingual a. speaking or using one language仅用一种语言的14. monolithic a. 单块的,一体的15. multilingual a. speaking or using many languages 使用多种语言的16. multilingualism n. 多种语言主义17. multiplicity a. variety多样性18. nativisation n. 本土化19. norm n. standard or pattern that is typical (of a group,etc)标准,规范opposition n. state or action of opposing反对,敌对,相反20. opt v. choose 选择original n. the earliest form of sth (from which copies can be made)原物,原作21. ostensible a. apparent 表面的outdate v. make out of date使过时22. paradox n. statement that seems to be absurd or contradictory but is or may be true似是非而的论点,自相矛盾的话23. perpetuate v. cause sth to continue使永存,使不朽policy n. plan of action, statement of ideas, etc proposed or adopted by a g overnment, political party, business, etc.政策,方针24. pragmatic a. treating things in a sensible and realistic way; concerned with practical results实事求是的;实际的;注重实效的promote v. help the progress of (sth); encourage or support促进,鼓励25. raison d'etre n. (法)存在的理由(或目的)reliable a. consistently good in quality or performance, and so deserving tru st; dependable可信赖的,可靠的26. replay n. play again重放,重赛reveal v. make (facts, etc) known显露出来,揭露,泄露27. socio-linguist n. 社会语言学家stateless a. not recognized as belonging to any country无国籍的28. substance n. particular type of matter物质,实质,substantially ad. essentially大体上,基本上superior a. better than average优良的,上好的29. translatability n. 可译性30. uphold v. support (a decision, etc) against attack支持,赞成Step 7 AssignmentReview the textGeneral writing:Write a short passage of 120 words or so on the topic “The Imp ortance of Learning Spoken English.”Passage B Could “Japanglish” Be a Legitimate Language (2 periods) Step 1 Greetings and a brief revision ( 3-5M ) (pair work or group work) Dictation: some useful words, expressions and sentences.Step 2 Pre-reading (5M)(group discussion)1. Do you think Chinese English should be accept as a variety of English? Why or why not?2. What kind of English do you think Chinese English is?3. What can you predict about the passage from the title “Could Japanglish be a legitimate language?”Step 3 Skimming (10M)(individual and class work)Read passage A within 8 minutes and try to get the main idea of the passage. Reference answer: Despite the fact that English has been taught in Japan for many years, the standard of English in Japan is much lower than in many other countries, and it retains a strong Japanese flavor to its grammar, pronunciation and sentence structure. Do the exercise on page 88 and check the Ss’ comprehension.Step 4 Scanning (20M)(class work)Discuss in groups and divide the passage into parts and get the main idea of each part.Step 5 ReviewRetell the passage (5-8M)Step 6 Language focus1. blend n. mixture of different sorts混和,混合物,交融2. cautious a. (about/of) showing or having caution; careful谨慎的;小心的3. champion v. support; defend vigorously支持;维护4. claim (to/on)n. right to sth; assertion(对…的)权利;声称,断言5. column n. part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a particular subject or written by the same journalist(报纸的)专栏6. commerce n. trade (esp. between countries); buying and selling of goods商业,贸易7. comprehensible a. that can be understood fully能理解的8. condemn v. say that one disapproves of sb/sth谴责;责备9. congenial a. agreeable or pleasant because suited to one’s nature or tastes合意的,喜欢的10. converse v.11. talk谈话,交谈12. criticize v. point out the faults of sb/sth批评,批判13. currently ad. at the present time现在,当前14. debate v. discuss (sth)辩论,争论15.diplomacy n. management of relations between countries by each country’s representatives abroad; skill in this外交;外交手段16. disservice n. harmful or unhelpful action损害;危害;伤害17. doctorate n. highest university degree博士学位18. effective a. having an effect; producing the intended result有效的,生效的,起作用的19. erosion n. process of eroding or being eroded侵蚀;腐蚀20. exuberance n. state or quality of being exuberant茂盛;活跃21. fluency n. quality or condition of being fluent流利;通顺;22. gobbledygook n. difficult or pompous language use by specialists; jargon费解或浮夸的术语;行话23. hallmark n. distinctive feature, esp of excellence特点,特征24. infuriate v. make extremely angry激怒25. ingredient n. any of the foods that are combined to make a particular dish(烹调用的)材料,原料,成分26. retort v. make a quick, witty or angry reply, esp. to an accusation or challenge反驳,反击27. rudimentary a. elementary; (not more than) basic初步的;(充其量)基本的28. sheer a. complete; thorough; utter完全的;彻底的;十足的29. snobbery n. behavior, language, etc characteristic of a snob势利行为,势利话等30. spat n. small or unimportant quarrel小争吵31. subtitle n. words printed on a film that translate the dialogue of a foreignfilm, give those of a silent film or supply dialogue for deaf viewers字幕32. syntax n. 句法;语句结构33. vend v. offer (especially small articles) for sale出售Step 7 AssignmentReview the textPractical writing: Suppose you are a sophomore and want to apply for the job- a tutor to an English high school student advertised in the Evening Paper. Write an application letter in no less than 120 words.。

大学体验英语综合教程4 Unit 4

大学体验英语综合教程4 Unit 4

Watching and Talking
1.Why is it important to learn English?
• Get the reasons why the students in the video think English is important. 2. Film Clip Where are the learners from ? Why do they learn English? Are their motives to learn English practical?
Varieties of English • British English 1.England English 2.Australian English 3.New Zealand English 4.South African English… • North American English 1.American English 2.Canadian English… • English as a Second Language 1.Indian English 2.Singaporean English 3.Philippine English…
• ...
Lead-in
• Which language in the world is spoken by most people?
Chinese
• Which language has the largest vocabulary?
English: it has 500 thousand words, 300 thousand technical terms.
Language and Economy
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR

大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译(双语)

大学体验英语综合教程4课文翻译(双语)

Unit 1The Unsung Heroes: What About Working Dads?On our first "date" after our twin daughters were born, my husband and I went to see the movie Toy Story. We enjoyed it, but afterward my husband asked, "Where was the dad?" At first, it seemed petty to criticize an entertaining family movie because of one small point. The more I thought about it, however, the more glaring an omission it seemed. Not only was dad not around, he wasn't even mentioned — despite the fact that there was a baby in the family, so dad couldn't have been that long gone. It was as if the presence—or absence —of a father is a minor detail, not even requiring an explanation.This is only one example of the media trend toward marginalizing fathers, which mirrors enormous social changes in the United States. David Blankenhorn, in his book Fatherless America, refers to this trend as the "unnecessary father" concept.We are bombarded by stories about the struggles of working mothers (as opposed to non-working mothers, I suppose). Meanwhile, a high proportion of media stories about fathers focus on abusive husbands or deadbeat dads. It seems that the only time fathers merit attention is when they are criticized for not helping enough with the housework (a claim that I find dubious anyway, because the definition of "housework" rarely includes cleaning the gutters, changing the oil in the car or other jobs typically done by men) or when they die. When Mr. Blankenhorn surveyed fathers about the meaning of the term "good family man," many responded that it was a phrase they only heard at funerals.One exception to the "unne cessary father" syndrome is the glowing media attention that at-home dads have received. I do not mean to imply that at-home dads do not deserve support for making this commitment. I only mean to point out the double standard at work when at-home dads are applauded while at-home mothers and breadwinner fathers are given little, if any, cultural recognition.The very language we use to discuss men's roles (i.e., deadbeat dads) shows a lack of appreciation for the majority of men who quietly yet proudly fulfill their family responsibilities. We almost never hear the term "working father," and it is rare that calls for more workplace flexibility are considered to be for men as much as for women. Our society acts as if family obligations are not as important to fathers as they are to mothers — as if career satisfaction is what a man's life is all about. Even more insulting is the recent media trend of regarding at-home wives as "status symbols" —like an expensive car —flaunted by the supposedly few men who can afford such a luxury. The implication is that men with at-home wives have it easier than those whose wives work outside the home because they have the "luxury" of a full-time housekeeper. In reality, however, the men who are the sole wage earners for their families suffera lot of stresses. The loss of a job —or even the threat of that happening — is obviously much more difficult when that job is the sole source of income for a family. By the same token, sole wage earners have less flexibility when it comes to leaving unsatisfying careers because of the loss of income such a job change entails. In addition, many husbands work overtime or second jobs to make more money needed for their families. For these men, it is the family that the job supports that makes it all worthwhile. It is the belief that having a mother at home is important to the children, which makes so many men gladly take on the burden of being a sole wage earner.Today, there is widespread agreement among researchers that the absence of fathers from households causes serious problems for children and, consequently, for society at large. Yet, rather than holding up "ordinary" fathers as positive role models for the dads of tomorrow, too often society has thrown up its hands and decided that traditional fatherhood is at best obsolete and at worst dangerously reactionary. This has left many men questioning the value of their role as fathers.As a society, we need to realize that fathers are just as important to children as mothers are —not only for financial support, but for emotional support, education and discipline as well. It is not enough for us merely to recognize that fatherlessness is a problem —to stand beside the grave and mourn the loss of the "good family man" and then try to find someone to replace him (ask anyone who has lost a father to death if that is possible). We must acknowledge how we have devalued fatherhood and work to show men how necessary, how important they are in their children's lives.那些每天都在努力去爱和支撑他们的家庭,力求做一个顾家好男人的父亲,那些无名英雄,需要我们的承认,他们所付出的一切需要我们的感谢,因为他们值得我们的认同和感激。

大学体验英语第四册课文翻译

大学体验英语第四册课文翻译

大学体验英语第四册课文翻译大学体验英语第四册课文翻译第一单元无名英雄:职业父亲意味着什么?在我们的孪生女儿出生后的第一次“约会”时,我和丈夫一起去看了一部名为《玩具故事》的电影。

我们很喜欢这部片子,但随后我丈夫问道:“父亲在哪儿呢?”起初我还认为因为一个小小的失误而批评一部很吸引人的家庭影片似乎是太偏狭了。

可后来越想越觉得这一疏忽太严重了。

父亲不仅没有出现,他甚至没有被提到——尽管家中有婴儿,说明他不可能离开太长时间。

影片给人的感觉是,父亲出现与否似乎是个极次要的细节,甚至不需要做任何解释。

新闻媒体倾向于把父亲的边缘化,这只是一个例子,它反映了在美国发生的巨大的社会变化。

大卫?布兰肯霍恩在《无父之国》一书中将这种倾向称之为“无需父亲”观念。

职业母亲(我想这应是与无职业母亲相对而言的)奋斗的故事从媒体上无尽无休地轰击着我们。

与此同时,媒体上绝大多数有关父亲的故事又集中表现暴力的丈夫或没出息的父亲。

看起来似乎父亲惟一值得人们提及的时候是因为他们做家务太少而受到指责的时候(我怀疑这一说法的可靠性,因为“家务”的定义中很少包括打扫屋顶的雨水沟、给汽车换机油或其它一些典型地由男人们做的事),或者是在他们去世的时候。

当布兰肯霍恩先生就“顾家的好男人”一词的词义对父亲们进行调查时,许多父亲都回答这一词语只有在葬礼上听到。

这种“无需父亲”综合症的一个例外是家庭全职父亲所受到的媒体的赞扬。

我并非暗指这些家庭全职父亲作出的承诺不值得人们的支持,我只是想指出在实际生效的双重标准:家庭全职父亲受到人们的赞扬,而家庭全职母亲和养家活口的父亲,所得到文化上的认同却很少,甚至完全得不到。

我们用来讨论父亲角色(即没出息的父亲)的话语本身就显示出人们对大多数男人默默无闻而自豪地履行对家庭承担的责任缺乏赏识。

我们几乎从来没听到“职业父亲”这一说法,在人们呼吁应该考虑给予工作者在工作地点上更大的灵活性时,很少有人认为这种呼吁不但适用于女子,同样也适应于男子。

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Unit 4 Language and EconomyPassage A A Stateless Language That Europe Must Embrace The study of literature is not only civilized and civilizing — encompassing, as it does, philosophy, religion, the history of events and the history of ideas —but popular and practical. One-sixth of all those who receive bachelor’s degrees from the College of Arts and Sciences are English majors. These graduates qualify for a surprising range of jobs. Their experience puts the lie to the popular superstition that English majors must choose between journalism and teaching: in fact, English majors also receive excellent preparation for future careers in law, medicine, business, and government service.Undergraduates looking forward to law school or medical school are often advised to follow a strict regimen of courses considered directly relevant to their career choices. Future law-school students are advised to take courses in political science, history, accounting, business administration —even human anatomy, and marriage and family life. Future medical school students are steered into multiple science courses — actually far more science courses than they need for entrance into medical school. Surprisingly, many law schools and medical schools indicate that such specialized preparation is not only unnecessary, but undesirable. There are no "pre-law" courses: the best preparation for law school — and for the practice of law — is that preparation which makes a student capable of critical thinking; of clear, logical self-expression; of sensitive analysis of the motives, the actions, and the thoughts of other human beings. These are skills which the study of English is designed to teach.Entrance into law school, moreover, generally requires a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution, a minimum grade point average, and an acceptable score on the Law School Admission Test (L.S.A.T.). This test has three parts. The first evaluates skills in reading comprehension, in figure classification, and in the evaluation of written material. The second part of the test evaluates control of English grammar and usage, ability to organize written materials, and competence to edit. The third part evaluates the student’s general knowledge of literature, art, music, and the natural and soc ial sciences. Clearly an undergraduate major in English is strong preparation for the L.S.A.T.As for medical schools, the main requirement for admission is only thirty-two hours of science courses. This requirement is certainly no impediment to a major in English. Moreover many medical schools require a minimum score on the Medical College Admissions Test, another test which offers an advantage to the well-rounded liberal arts student. The M.C.A.T. evaluates four areas of competence: skill with synonyms, antonyms, and word association; knowledge of basic mathematics from fractions through solidgeometry; general knowledge of literature, philosophy, psychology, music, art, and the social sciences; and familiarity with those fundamentals of biology, chemistry, and physics taught in high school and in introductory college courses. The English major with a solid, basic grounding in science is well prepared for this test and for medical school, where his or her skills in reading, analysis, interpretation, and precise communication will equip him or her to excel. The study and practice of medicine can only benefit from the insights into human behavior provided by the study of literature.Such insights are obviously also valuable to the student who plans a career in commerce. Such students should consider the advantages of an English major with an emphasis in business: this program is designed to provide a liberal education, as well as to direct preparation for a business career. The need for such a program is clear: graduates with merely technical qualifications are finding jobs in business, but often failing to hold them. Both the Wall Street Journal and the Journal of College Placement have reported that increasing numbers of graduates from reputable business schools find themselves drifting from one job or firm to another, unable to hold a position for longer than twelve months. Employers complain that these apparently promising young men and women are simply not competent communicators: because they are not sufficiently literate, they cannot absorb managerial training; they cannot make effective oral presentations; they cannot report progress or problems in their writing; they cannot direct other workers. Skill in analysis and communication is the essence of management.Consequently the English major with an emphasis in business is particularly well prepared for a future in business administration. Nearly four hundred companies in fields ranging from banking and insurance to communications to manufacturing were asked whether they hired college graduates with degrees in English, even when those graduates lacked special training in the industry: Eighty-five percent of the companies said that they did. College graduates with degrees in English are working successfully in marketing, in systems engineering, in personnel management, in sales, in programming, in project design, and in labor relations.English majors are also at work in the thousand occupations provided by government at all levels. Consider, for example, the federal government—by a very wide margin, America’s biggest employer. In organizations ranging from the Marine Corps to the Bureau of Mines, from the Commerce Department to the National Park Service, the federal government employs a work force of nearly three million men and women. English majors may qualify for many of these jobs. Recently, 51 federal agencies were asked the same question: whether they hired college graduates with English degrees butwithout special job training, 88 percent of these federal employers said yes. The list of federal positions for which English majors may qualify ranges from Claims Examiner to Foreign Service Officer to Highway Safety Management Specialist. Again, those who seek positions of high reward and responsibility may be asked to take a test —the federal government uses the Professional and Administrative Career Examination, or P.A.C.E., to evaluate applicants for about 10,000 jobs each year —and again, the test focuses on language skills: comprehension, analysis, interpretation, the ability to see logical relationships between ideas, and the ability to solve problems expressed in words. Not surprisingly, competent English majors often receive very high scores on the P.A.C.E.In short, a major in English is neither restricting nor impractical: the study of English is excellent preparation for professional life.A学英语既有乐趣又有回报文学的研究——包含对哲学、宗教、历史事件的发展和观念由来的研究,不仅是文明的,并且有教化作用,而且是流行的和实际的。

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