考研时文阅读10
考研英语时文阅读宝典
考研英语时文阅读宝典随着考研英语考试的不断改革，时文阅读部分在考试中所占的比重越来越大，它不仅考察学生的词汇量和语法知识，更考验学生的阅读理解能力和对时事的敏感度。
因此，掌握时文阅读技巧，对于提高考研英语成绩至关重要。
首先，考生需要了解时文阅读的特点。
时文阅读通常涉及最新的社会、科技、文化等领域的新闻报道，内容新颖，语言地道。
这就要求考生不仅要有扎实的语言基础，还要具备一定的背景知识，以便更好地理解文章内容。
其次，考生在阅读时文时，要学会快速浏览和定位关键信息。
由于时文阅读的文章篇幅较长，考生需要在短时间内抓住文章的主旨和关键信息。
这就需要考生具备快速阅读的能力，通过扫读文章标题、小标题、首尾段落等，迅速把握文章大意。
再者，考生在阅读过程中，要注意培养自己的推理判断能力。
时文阅读中常常会出现一些隐含的信息，需要考生根据上下文进行推理。
这就要求考生在阅读时，要善于捕捉文章中的逻辑关系，通过分析作者的论点、论据和结论，形成自己的判断。
此外，考生在练习时文阅读时，要注重积累词汇和短语。
时文阅读中会涉及大量的专业词汇和固定搭配，这些词汇和短语往往是理解文章的关键。
因此，考生在平时的阅读中，要注意积累这些词汇和短语，以便在考试中能够迅速识别和理解。
最后，考生要通过大量的练习来提高自己的时文阅读能力。
只有通过不断的练习，考生才能熟悉时文阅读的题型和出题规律，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。
考生可以选择一些高质量的时文阅读材料，如《经济学人》、《时代周刊》等，进行定期的阅读和练习。
总之，考研英语时文阅读宝典的核心在于提高考生的阅读速度、理解能力和推理判断能力。
通过掌握这些技巧，考生可以在考研英语的时文阅读部分取得优异的成绩。
英文时文阅读
考研时文阅读（12Text 11 Why texting harms your IQ为什么收发短信会降低智商？The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana. That is the claim of psychologists who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking them for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to ten points off the user's IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have labeled the fleeting phenomenon of enhanced stupidity as infomania.Research on sleep deprivation suggests that the IQ drop caused by electronic obsession is also equivalent to a wakeful night. Infomania is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men, as the study commissioned by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded.The noticeable drop in IQ is attributed to the constant distraction of always on technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. Workers lose productivity by interrupting a business meeting and disrupt social gatherings because of their infirmity, the report said.The brain also finds it hard to cope with juggling lots of tasks at once, reducing its overall effectiveness, it added. And while modern technology can have huge benefits, excessive use can be damaging not only to a person's mind, but to their social life.Furthermore, infomania is having a negative effect on work colleagues, increasing stress and dissenting feelings. Nine out of ten polled thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude. Yet one in three Britons believes that it is not only acceptable, but actually diligent and efficient to do so.The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a University of London psychologist, as part of the research project. This is a very real and widespread phenomenon, he said. We have found that infomania, if unchecked, will damage a worker's performance by reducing their mental sharpness. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.经常收发短信和e-mail会降低人的智商。
考研备考英语时文阅读Burnished
考研备考英语时文阅读:BurnishedUp goes gold, down goes the dollarMost economists hate gold. Not, you understand, that they would turn up their noses at a bar or two. But they find the reverence in which many hold the metal almost irrational. That it was used as money for millennia is irrelevant: it isn't any more. Modern money takes the form of paper or, more often, electronic data. To economists, gold is now just another commodity.So why is its price soaring? Over the past week, this has topped $450 a troy ounce, up by 9% since the beginning of the year and 77% since April 2001. Ah, comes the reply, gold transactions are denominated in dollars, and the rise in the price simply reflects the dollar's fall in terms of other currencies, especially the euro, against which it hit a new low this week. Expressed in euros, the gold price has moved much less. However, there is no iron link, as it were, between the value of the dollar and the value of gold. A rising price of gold, like that of anything else, can reflect an increase in demand as well as a depreciation of its unit of account.This is where gold bulls come in. The fall in the dollar is important, but mainly because as a store of value the dollar stinks. With a few longish rallies, the greenback has been on a downward trend since it came off the gold standard in 1971. Now it is suffering one of its sharper declines. At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars--indeed any money backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation low--a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the world's reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them. The least painful way of repaying those dollars is to make them worth less.The striking exception to this extra demand comes from central banks, which would like to sell some of the gold they already have. As a legacy of the days when their currencies were backed by the metal, central banks still hold one-fifth of the world's gold. Last month the Bank of France said it would sell 500 tonnes in coming years. But big sales by central banks can cause the price to plunge--as when the Bank of England sold 395 tonnes between 1999 and 2002. The result was an agreement between central banks to co-ordinate and limit future sales.If the price of gold marches higher, this agreement will presumably be ripped up, although a dollar crisis might make central banks think twice about switching into paper money. Will the overhang of central-bank gold drag the price down again? Not necessarily. As James Grant, gold bug and publisher of Grant's Interest Rate Observer, a newsletter, points out, in recent years the huge glut of government debt has not stopped a sharp rise in its price.注(1)：本文选自Economist;12/4/2004, p76-76, 1/3p;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿2000年真题text 4第3题(1)，2001年真题text 4第2题(2)，text 1第2题(3)，2002年真题text 2第2题(4)和text 5第3题(5);economists’eyes, gold is something__________.[A] they look down uponthat can be exchanged in the market[C] worth people’s reverence[D] that should be replaced by other forms of moneyto the author, one of the reasons for the rising of gold price is___________.[A] the increasing demand for goldthe depreciation of the euro[C] the link between the dollar and gold[D] the increment of the value of the dollarcan infer from the third paragraph that_________.[A] the decline of the dollar is inevitableAmerica benefits from the depreciation of the dollar[C] the depreciation of the dollar is good news to other currencies[D] investment in the dollar yields more returns than that in gold4. The phrase “ripped up”(Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means__________.[A] strengthenedbroadened[C] renegotiated[D] torn upto the passage, the rise of gold price__________.[A] will not last longwill attract some central banks to sell gold[C] will impel central banks to switch into paper money[D] will lead to a dollar crisis答案：B A B D B篇章剖析本篇文章采用了提出问题-分析问题的模式，分析了金价上涨，美元下跌的经济态势。
英语时文阅读参考答案
英语时文阅读参考答案一、阅读理解题1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？A. 英语学习对个人职业发展至关重要。
B. 英语是全球通用语言，应该被广泛学习。
C. 学习英语可以提高个人的跨文化交流能力。
D. 英语教育应该注重实用性和应用性。
答案：C2. 文章中提到了哪些因素可以促进英语学习？A. 个人兴趣和学习动力。
B. 良好的语言环境和实践机会。
C. 系统的教育体系和教学方法。
D. 所有上述因素。
答案：D3. 作者认为哪种学习方式对提高英语水平最有效？A. 通过阅读英文原著来学习。
B. 通过观看英语电影和电视节目来学习。
C. 通过与母语为英语的人交流来学习。
D. 通过参加英语角或语言交换活动来学习。
答案：C4. 文章中提到的“沉浸式学习法”是指什么？A. 完全用英语进行思考和交流。
B. 在英语环境中学习英语。
C. 通过学习英语文化来提高语言水平。
D. 通过背诵英语单词和短语来学习。
答案：B5. 根据文章，以下哪项不是提高英语听力的方法？A. 经常听英语广播和新闻。
B. 观看英语电影和电视节目。
C. 阅读英语书籍和报纸。
D. 参加英语听力训练课程。
答案：C二、完形填空题6. The best title for the passage could be "The Importance of _______ in Learning English."A. PracticeB. GrammarC. VocabularyD. Pronunciation答案：A7. The author suggests that _______ is the key to mastering English.A. listeningB. speakingC. writingD. reading答案：B8. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of learning English?A. Better job opportunities.B. Access to a wider range of information.C. The ability to travel without a guide.D. The ability to understand complex mathematical concepts.答案：D9. The word "immersion" in the context of the passage means_______.A. being surrounded by the English languageB. learning English in a classroom settingC. only learning English grammarD. memorizing English vocabulary lists答案：A10. The author believes that learning English can alsoimprove one's _______.A. cooking skillsB. cultural understandingC. mathematical abilitiesD. physical fitness答案：B三、词汇题11. The word "enhance" in the context of the passage isclosest in meaning to:A. increaseB. reduceC. maintainD. replace答案：A12. The term "fluency" refers to:A. the ability to speak a language easily and smoothlyB. the ability to understand complex sentencesC. the ability to write well in a languageD. the ability to read quickly答案：A13. In the passage, "comprehension" is related to:A. understandingB. speakingC. writingD. listening答案：A14. The word "articulate" is used to describe someone who can:A. speak quicklyB. speak clearly and effectivelyC. speak with a lot of gesturesD. speak with a strong accent答案：B15. The phrase "language barrier" in the passage implies:A. the difficulty of learning a new languageB. the challenge of communicating in a different languageC. the advantage of being bilingualD. the importance of learning multiple languages答案：B请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的英语时文阅读参考答案应根据具体文章内容和问题来制定。
考研英语_时文阅读50篇
考研英语_时⽂阅读50篇考拉进阶英语时⽂阅读50篇Passage1Dealing With Spam1:Confidence Game(2010.11.18The Economist)[483words]Bill Gates,then still Microsoft’s boss,was nearly rightin2004when he predicted the end of spam in two years.Thanks to clever filters2unsolicited3e-mail has largelydisappeared as a daily nuisance4for most on the internet.But spam is still a menace5:blocked at the e-mail inbox,spammers post messages as comments on websites and increasingly on social networks like Twitter and Facebook.The criminal businesses behind spam are competitive and creative.They vault over6technical fixes as fast as the hurdles7are erected.The anti-spam industry has done applaudable work in saving e-mail.But it is always one step behind.In the end,the software industry’s interest is in making money from the problem(by selling subscriptions to regular security updates)rather than tackling it at its source.Law-enforcement agencies have had some success shutting down spam-control servers in America and the Netherlands.But as one place becomes unfriendly, spammers move somewhere else.Internet connections in poor and ill-run countries are improving faster than the authorities there can police them.That won’t end soon.In any case,the real problem is not the message,but the link.Sometimes an unwise click leads only to a website that sells counterfeit8pills.But it can also lead to a page that infects your computer with a virus or another piece of malicious software that then steals your passwords or uses your machine for other immoral purposes. Spam was never about e-mail;it was about convincing us to click.To the spammer,it needs to be decided whether the link is e-mailed or liked.The police are doing what they can,and software companies keep on tightening security.But spam is not just a hack9or a crime,it is a social problem,too.If you look beyond the computers that lie between a spammer and his mark,you can see allthe classic techniques of a con-man:buy this stock,before everyone else does.Buy these pills,this watch,cheaper than anyone else can.The spammer plays upon the universal human desire to believe that we are smarter than anyone gives us credit for,and that things can be had for nothing.As in other walks of life,people become wiser and take precautions only when they have learned what happens when they don’t.That is why the spammers’new arena10—social networks—is so effective.A few fiddles might help,such as tougher default privacy settings on social networks.But the real problem is man,not the machine.Public behaviour still treats the internet like a village,in which new faces are welcome and anti-social behaviour a rarity.A better analogy would be a railway station in a big city,where hustlers11gather to prey on the credulity12of new arrivals.Wise behaviour in such places is to walk fast,avoid eye contact and be cautious with strangers.Try that online.1.spam/sp?m/n.垃圾邮件2.filter/?f?lt?/n.过滤器；滤光器；筛选过滤程序3.unsolicited/??ns??l?s?t?d/adj.未经请求的，⾃发的4.nuisance/?nju?s?ns/n.⿇烦事，讨厌的⼈或东西5.menace/?men?s/n.威胁，恐吓；危险⽓氛；烦⼈的⼈或事物6.vault over越过7.hurdle/?h??dl/n.障碍；跨栏，栏8.counterfeit/?ka?nt?f?t/n.伪造，仿造，制假9.hack/h?k/n.砍,劈；供出租的马；出租车司机；⾮法侵⼊（他⼈计算机系统）10.arena/??ri?n?/n.圆形运动场，圆形剧场；竞技舞台，活动场所11.hustler/?h?sl?/n.耍诡计骗钱的⼈12.credulity/kr??du?l?t?/n.轻信Passage2A Gene to Explain Depression（2011.1.3Time）[459words]As powerful as genes are in exposing clues to diseases,not even the most passionate geneticist1believes thatcomplex conditions such as depression can be reduced to atell-tale2string of DNA.But a new study confirms earlier evidence that aparticular gene,involved in ferrying3a brain chemical critical to mood known as serotonin4,may play a role in triggering5the mental disorder in some people.Researchers led by Dr.Srijan Sen,a professor of psychiatry at University of Michigan,report in the Archives6of General Psychiatry that individuals with a particular form of the serotonin transporter gene were more vulnerable to developing depression when faced with stressful life events such as having a serious medical illness or being a victim of childhood abuse.The form of the gene that these individuals inherit prevents the mood-regulating serotonin from being re-absorbed by nerve cells in the brain.Having such a low-functioning version of the transporter starting early in life appears to set these individuals up for developing depression later on,although the exact relationship between this gene,stress,and depression isn’t clear yet.Sen’s results confirm those of a ground-breaking7study in2003,in which scientists for the first time confirmed the link between genes and environment in depression.In that study,which involved more than800subjects,individuals with the gene coding for the less functional serotonin transporter were more likely to develop depression following a stressful life event than those with the more functional form of the gene.But these findings were questioned by a2009analysis in which scientistspooled814studies investigating the relationship between the serotonin transporter gene,depression and stress,and found no heightened risk of depression among those with different versions of the gene.“One of the hopes I have is that we can settle this story,and move on to looking more broadly across the genome9for more factors related to depression,”he says.“Ideally we would like to find a panel of different genetic variations that go together to help us predict who is going to respond poorly to stress,and who might respond well to specific types of treatment as opposed to others.”He believes that the2009findings do not contradict those from2003,or the latest results,but rather reflect a difference in the way the study was conducted.Sen stresses,however,that this gene is only one player in the cast of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to depression.“All things considered,this gene is a relatively small factor,and for this finding to be clinically10useful,we really need to find many,many more factors.Ultimately we may identify new pathways that are involved in depression to come up with new and better treatments.”1.geneticist/dnet?s?st/n.遗传学家2.tell-tale/?tel?te?l/adj.暴露实情的，能说明问题的3.ferry/?fer?/vt.渡运，摆渡4.serotonin/?s??rt??n?n/n.[⽣化]⾎清素，5-羟⾊胺（神经递质，易影响情绪等）5.trigger/?tr?ɡ?/vt.触发，引发；开动，启动6.archive/?ɑ?ka?v/n.档案馆；档案⽂件7.ground-breaking/?gra?nd?bre?k??/adj.开创性的；创新的8.pool/pu?l/vt.合伙经营；集中（智慧等）；共享，分享9.genome/??i?n??m/n.[⽣]基因组；[⽣]染⾊体组10.clinically/?kl?n?kl?/adv.临床地；冷淡地；通过临床诊断Passage3Second Thoughts on Online Education(2010.9New York Times)[415words]Let the computer do the teaching.Some studies,expertopinion and cost pressures all point toward a continuing shiftof education online.A major study last year,funded by the EducationDepartment,which covered comparative research over12years,concluded that online learning on average beat face-to-face teaching by a modest1but statistically meaningful margin2.Bill Gates,whose foundation funds a lot of education programs,predicted last month that in five years much of college education will have gone online.“The self-motivated learner will be on the Web,”Mr.Gates said,speaking at the Techonomy conference in Lake Tahoe.“College needs to be less place-based.”But recent research,published as a National Bureau of Economic Research working paper,comes to a different conclusion.“A rush to online education may come at more of a cost than educators may suspect,”the authors write.The research was a head-to-head experiment,comparing the grades achieved in the same introductory economics class by students—one group online,and one in classroom lectures.Certain groups did notably worse online.Hispanic3students online fell nearly a full grade lower than Hispanic students that took the course in class.Male students did about a half-grade worse online,as did low-achievers,which had college grade-point averages below the mean for the university.The difference certainly was not attributable4to machines replacing a tutorial-style human teaching environment.Instead,the classroom was a large lecture hall seating hundreds of students.Initially,David Figlio,an economist at Northwestern University and co-author of the paper,said he had thought that the flexibility5of the Internet—the ability to“go back and roll the tape”—would probably give the online coursework6an edge over traditional“chalk and talk teaching.”The online lectures were well done,using a professional producer and cameraman7.“It had very much the feel of being in the room,”Mr.Figlio said.So what accounts for the difference in outcomes8?Mr.Figlio has a few theories. For the poorer performance of males and lower-achievers,he says the time-shifting convenience of the Web made it easier for students to put off viewing the lectures and cram9just before the test,a tactic10unlikely to produce the best possible results.It’s partly a stereotype11but also partly true,Mr.Figlio says,that female students tend to be better at timemanagement,spreading their study time over a semester,than males.“And the Internet makes it easier to put off12the unpleasant thing,attending the lecture,”he said.1.modest/?m?d?st/adj.谦虚的,谦恭的；适中的,适度的；些许的2.margin/?mɑ:d??n/n.页边空⽩；边,边缘；差数,差额3.Hispanic/h?s?p?n?k/adj.西班⽛和葡萄⽛的4.attributable/??tr?bj?t?bl/adj.可归因于，可能由于5.flexibility/?fleks??b?l?t?/n.灵活性；柔韧性6.coursework/?k?:sw?:k/n.课程作业7.cameraman/?k?m?r?m?n/n.摄影师8.outcome/?a?tk?m/n.结果9.cram/kr?m/v.挤满，塞满；临时死记硬背10.tactic/?t?kt?k/n.兵法；⽅法,策略；⼿段；招数11.stereotype/?ster??ta?p/n.模式化观念，⽼⼀套，刻板形象12.put off撤销，取消Passage4The Kids Can’t Help It（2010.12.16Newsweek）[372words]What new research reveals about the adolescentbrain—from why kids bully1to how the teen yearsshape the rest of your life.They say you never escape high school.And forbetter or worse,science is lending some credibility tothat old saw.Thanks to sophisticated imaging technology and a raft2of longitudinal3studies,we’re learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain development subject to a host of environmental and genetic factors.This emerging research sheds4light not only on why teenagers act they way they do,but how the experiences of adolescence—from rejection to binge5 drinking—can affect who we become as adults,how we handle stress,and the way we bond with others.One of the most important discoveries in this area of study,says Dr.Frances Jensen,a neuroscientist at Harvard,is that our brains are not finished maturing by adolescence,as was previously thought.Adolescent brains“are only about80percentof the way to maturity,”she said at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in November.It takes until the mid-20s,and possibly later,for a brain to become fully developed.An excess of gray matter6(the stuff that does the processing)at the beginning of adolescence makes us particularly brilliant at learning—the reason we’re so good at picking up new languages starting in early childhood—but also particularly sensitive to the influences of our environment,both emotional and physical.Our brains’processing centers haven’t been fully linked yet,particularly the parts responsible for helping to check7our impulses8and considering the long-term repercussions9of our actions.“It’s like a brain that’s all revved10up not knowing where it needs to go,”says Jensen.It’s partially because of this developmental timeline that a teen can be so quick to conjure11a stinging remark,or a biting insult,and so uninhibited12in firing it off at the nearest unfortunate target—a former friend,perhaps,or a bewildered parent.The impulse to hurl13an insult14is there,just as it may be for an adult in a stressful situation,but the brain regions that an adult might rely on to stop himself from saying something cruel just haven’t caught up.1.bully/?b?l?/v.恐吓；充当恶霸，恃强凌弱2.raft/rɑ?ft/n.筏；橡⽪艇，充⽓船；⼤量3.longitudinal/?l?ntju?d?nl/adj.纵向的；纵观的；经度的4.shed/?ed/vt.散发出光；去除，摆脱；蜕，落5.binge/b?nd?/n.饮酒作乐；狂饮；狂闹6.gray matter灰质（脑、脊髓内神经元集中的地⽅）7.check/t?ek/v.检查，核验，核对；制⽌，控制8.impulse/??mp?ls/n.冲动；脉冲；刺激，推动⼒9.repercussion/?ri?p??kn/n.（间接的）反响，影响，恶果10.rev/rev/v.（发动机等）加快转速11.conjure/?k?n??/v.变魔术；使变戏法般地出现（或消失）12.uninhibited/??n?n?h?b?t?d/adj.⽆限制的;⽆拘束的,放任的13.hurl/h??l/vt.猛掷，猛扔；⼤声说出14.insult/?n?s?lt/n.侮辱；凌辱；⽆礼Passage5The Power of Posture(2011.1.13The Economist)[486words]“Stand up straight!”“Chest out!”“Shoulders back!”Theseare the perennial1cries of sergeant2majors and fussy3parentsthroughout the ages.Posture certainly matters.Big is dominantand in species after species,humans included,postures thatenhance the posturer’s apparent size cause others to treat him asif he were more powerful.The stand-up-straight brigade4,however,often make a further claim:that posture affects the way the posturer treats himself,as well as how others treat him.To test the truth of this,Li Huang and Adam Galinsky,at Northwestern University in Illinois,have compared posture’s effects onself-esteem with those of a more conventional ego-booster,management responsibility. In a paper just published in Psychological Science they conclude,surprisingly,that posture may matter more.The two researchers’experimental animals—77undergraduate students—first filled out questionnaires5,ostensibly6to assess their leadership capacity.Half were then given feedback forms which indicated that,on the basis of the questionnaires, theywere to be assigned to be managers in a forthcoming7experiment.The other half were told they would besubordinates8.While the participants waited for this feedback, they were asked to help with a marketing test on ergonomic9chairs.In fact,neither of these tests was what it seemed.The questionnaires were irrelevant.V olunteers were assigned to be managers or subordinates at random.The test of posture had nothing to do with ergonomics.And,crucially,each version of the posture test included equal numbers of those who would become“managers”and “subordinates”.Once the posture test was over the participants received their new statuses and the researchers measured theirimplicit10sense of power by asking them to engage in a word-completion task.Participants were instructed to complete a number of fragments11with the first word that came to mind.Seven of the fragments could be interpreted as words related to power(“power”,“direct”,“lead”,“authority”,“control”,“command”and“rich”).Although previous studies suggested a mere title is enough to produce a detectable increase in an individual’s sense of power,Dr Huang and Dr Galinsky found no difference in the word-completion scores of those told they would be managers and those told they would be subordinates.Having established the principle,Dr Huang and Dr Galinsky went on to test the effect of posture on other power-related decisions:whether to speak first in a debate, whether to leave the site of a plane crash to find help and whether to join a movement to free a prisoner who was wrongfully locked up.In all three cases those who had sat in expansive12postures chose the active option(to speak first,to search for help,to fight for justice)more often than those who had sat crouched13. The upshot14,then,is that father(or the sergeant major)was right.Those who walk around with their heads held high not only get the respect of others,they seem also to respect themselves.1.perennial/p??ren??l/adj.[植]多年⽣的；长久的，持续的2.sergeant/?sɑnt/n.[军]（英）陆军、空军、海军陆战队中⼠；（美）陆军或空军中⼠3.fussy/?f?s?/adj.挑剔的，⼤惊⼩怪的；紧张不安的4.brigade/?br?ɡe?d/n.旅；伙，帮，派5.questionnaire/?kwestn e?/n.问卷；调查表6.ostensibly/?s?tens?bl?/adv.表⾯上；明显地7.forthcoming/?f??θ?k?m??/adj.即将发⽣的；现成的；乐于提供信息的8.subordinate/s??b??d?n?t/n.下级，部属9.ergonomic/ɡn?m?k/adj.⼈类⼯程学的10.implicit/?m?pl?s?t/adj.不⾔明的，含蓄的11.fragment/?fr?ɡm?nt/n.碎⽚，⽚段12.expansive/?ks?p?ns?v/adj.⼴阔的，辽阔的；⼴泛的，全⾯的；友善健谈的，开朗的13.crouch/kraut?/vt.屈膝,蹲伏,蹲,蹲下14.upshot/??p??t/n.最后结果，结局Passage6How Rest Helps Memory:Sleepy Heads(2010.2.25The Economist)[402words]Mad dogs and Englishmen,so the song has it,go out in themidday sun.And the business practices of England’s linealdescendant1,America,will have you in the office from nine in themorning to five in the evening,if not longer.Much of the world,though,prefers to take a siesta2.And research presented to theAAAS meeting in San Diego suggests it may be right to do so.Ithas already been established that those who siesta are less likely todie of heart disease.Now,Matthew Walker and his colleagues at the University of California,Berkeley,have found that they probably have better memory, too.A post-prandial3snooze4,Dr Walker has discovered,sets the brain up for learning.The role of sleep in consolidating5memories that have already been created has been understood for some time.Dr Walker has been trying to extend this understanding by looking at sleep’s role in preparing the brain for the formation of memories in the first place.He was particularly interested in a type of memory called episodic6memory,which relates to specific events,places and times.This contrasts with procedural memory,of the skills required to perform some sort of mechanical task,such as driving.The theory he and his team wanted to test was that the ability to form new episodic memories deteriorates7with increased wakefulness,and that sleep thus restores the brain’s capacity for efficient learning.They asked a group of39people to take part in two learning sessions,one at noon and one at6pm.On each occasion the participants tried to memorise and recall 100combinations of pictures and names.After the first session they were assigned randomly to either a control group,which remained awake,or a nap group,which had 100minutes of monitored sleep. Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning.Those who napped8,by contrast,actually improved their capacity to learn,doing better in the evening than they had at noon.These findings suggest that sleep is clearing the brain’s short-term memory and making way for new information.The benefits to memory of a nap,says Dr Walker,are so great that they can equal an entire night’s sleep.Hewarns,however,that napping must not be done too late in the day or it will interfere with night-time sleep.Moreover,not everyone awakens refreshed from a siesta.1.lineal descendant直系后裔2.siesta/s??est?/n.午睡，午休3.prandial/?pr?nd??l/adj.膳⾷的，正餐的4.snooze/snu:z/n.⼩睡5.consolidate/k?n?s?l?de?t/vt.使巩固，使加强；合并6.episodic/?ep??s?d?k/adj.偶尔发⽣的，不定期的；有许多⽚段的7.deteriorate/d??t??r??re?t/vi.恶化,退化；变坏8.nap/n?p/vi.⼩睡Passage7Learning Gap Between Rich and Poor Starts Early（2011.2Newsweek）[354words]It’s generally accepted that there is a correlationbetween a child’s educational attainment1and a family’spoverty level,but new research shows that the problemmay take root2earlier than previously thought.A new study in Psychological Science found that at10months old,children from poor families performed just as well as children from wealthier families,but by the time they turned2,children from wealthier families were scoring consistently higher than those from poorer ones.“Poor kids aren’t even doing as well in terms of school readiness,sounding out letters and doing other things that you would expect to be relevant to early learning,”Elliot M.Tucker-Drob of the University of Texas at Austin,lead author of the study, said in a press release.To conduct the study,researchers assessed the mental abilities of about750pairs of fraternal3and identical4twins from all over the U.S.The participants’socioeconomic status was determined based on parents’educational attainment, occupations and family income.Each child was asked to perform tasks that included pulling a string to ring a bell, placing three cubes in a cup,matching pictures and sorting pegs by color first at10 months and again when they were2years old.At this time,researchers discovered that during the14-month window between the aptitude5tests,gaps in cognitive6 development had started to occur.Children from wealthier families had started to consistently outperform those from poorer ones.Researchers attempted to disprove7a genetic explanation by comparing the aptitude tests of each set of twins.Among the2-year-olds from wealthier families, identical twins had much more similar test scores than fraternal twins,who share only half of their genes.However,among2-year-olds from poorer families,identical twins scored no more similar to one another than did fraternal twins.The implication is that children’s genetic potential is subdued8by poverty, though the study stopped short of drawing a scientific conclusion as to what specifically was causing the achievement gaps.Researchers did postulate9that, generally speaking,poorer parents may not have the time or resources to spend playing with their children in stimulating ways.1.attainment/??te?nm?nt/n.达到；成就，造诣2.take root⽣根；开始；建⽴3.fraternal/fr??t??nl/adj.兄弟般的，亲如⼿⾜的4.identical/a??dent?kl/adj.同⼀的，完全相同的5.aptitude/??pt?tju?d/n.天资，天赋6.cognitive/?k?ɡn?t?v/adj.认知的，认识的7.disprove/d?s?pru?v/vt.证明……是错的8.subdue/s?b?dju?/vt.征服；抑制，克制9.postulate/?p?stj?le?t/v.假定，假设Passage8More Than Meets the Mirror：Illusion1Test Links Difficulty Sensing InternalCues2with Distorted3Body-Image(2011.1.4Scientific America)[457words]With all of the New Year’s diet ads claiming you canlose dozens of pounds in seemingly as many days,youprobably are not alone if you looked in the mirror thismorning and saw a less than ideal body.Or maybe you justpicked up a new magazine in which already thin modelshave their remaining flesh scavenged4by Photoshop to make them appear even slimmer.With all of these unrealistic promises and images,it can be hard to gain an accurate sense of one’s own body.But the disjunction5for some people might go deeper than manipulated5photos.A new study shows that the way people perceive their external7appearance is likely linked to how they experience their bodies internally.Researchers found that people who had greater difficulties sensing their own internal bodily states were also more likely to be fooled into believing a rubber hand was part of their own bodies. These results,published online in the issue of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,may one day help scientists understand how body image can become so distorted in disorders like body dysmorphia8and anorexia nervosa9,says lead author Manos Tsakiris of Royal Holloway,University of London.“The sense of self is built up from a representation of internal states,”says Hugo Critchley,a professor of psychiatry at the University of Sussex in England who was not involved with the study.“This paper is showing that sensitivity of individuals to their internal state predicts the strength of their self-representation.”Most of the time,the image someone has of their body is pretty close to its external appearance.You may see your thighs10as slightly bigger than they actually are,or your arm muscles as slightly smaller,but the discrepancy11is usually minimal12.In some mental disorders,however,body image can become dramatically distorted.Those who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder think that parts of their bodies are malformed13or grotesque14,even when these supposed flaws are not noticeable to others.In eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa patients continue to think they need to lose weight even as their bodies waste away.Crucial to the formation of body image—pathological15and otherwise—is the integration of external and internal cues.What we see in the mirror and what we feel against our skin melds with16our own internal awareness of our bodies to create an overarching17body image.Scientists have historically focused on how external factors like magazines and fashion models affect the creation of an accurate body image.Tsakiris and his colleagues,however,hypothesized that a person’s internal awareness of his or her body,known as interoceptive18awareness,was also related to the creation of an accurate body image.1.illusion/??ljun/n.错觉，幻觉；假象2.cue/kju?/n.提⽰；暗⽰,暗号3.distorted/d?s?t??t?d/adj.变形的，扭曲的；歪曲的，曲解的4.scavenge/?sk?v?n?/v.（从废弃物中）觅⾷，捡破烂；吃（动物⼫体）5.disjunction/d?sk??n/n.分离，分裂6.manipulate/m??n?pj?le?t/vt.控制，操纵；操作，使⽤；正⾻7.external/?k?st??nl/adj.外部的，外⾯的；外界的，外来的；对外的8.dysmorphia/d?s?m??f??/n.[医]畸形,变形9.anorexia nervosa神经性厌⾷症10.thigh /θa?/n.股，⼤腿11.discrepancy/d?s?krep?ns?/n.差异，不符合，不⼀致12.minimal/?m?n?m?l/adj.极⼩的，极少的，最⼩的13.malformed/?m?l?f??md/adj.畸形的14.grotesque/ɡrtesk/adj.怪诞的，荒唐的；奇形怪状的15.pathological/?p?θ??lkl/adj.不理智的，⽆道理的；病态的；病理学的16.meld with与……融合；与……合并17.overarching/v?r?ɑ?t/adj.⾮常重要的，⾸要的18.interoceptive /??nt?r?u?sept?v/adj.内感受(器)的Passage9The Tussle1for Talent（2011.1.6The Economist）[432words]Plato believed that men are divided into three classes:gold,silver and bronze.Vilfredo Pareto,an Italianeconomist,argued that“the vital2few”account for mostprogress.Such sentiments are taboo today in public life.Politicians talk of a“leadership class”or“the vital few”attheir peril3.Schools abhor4picking winners.Universities welcome the masses:more people now teach at British ones than attended them in the 1950s.In the private sector5things could hardly be more different.The world’s best companies struggle relentlessly6to find and keep the vital few.They offer them fat pay packets,extra training,powerful mentors7and more challenging assignments.If anything,businesses are becoming more obsessed with ability.This is partly cyclical8.Deloitte and other consultancies have noticed that as the economy begins to recover,companies are trying harder to nurture raw talent,or to poach9it from their rivals.When new opportunities arise,they hope to have the brainpower to seize them.The acceleration of the tussle for talent is also structural, however.Private-equity firms rely heavilyon a few stars.High-tech firms,for all their sartorial10egalitarianism11,are ruthless12about recruiting the brightest.Firms in emerging markets are desperate to find high-flyer13s—the younger the better—who can cope with rapid growth and fast-changing environments.Successful companies make sure that senior managers are involved with“talentdevelopment”.Jack Welch and /doc/2e5e0328482fb4daa58d4b15.html fley,former bosses of GE and P&G,claimed that they spent40%of their time on personnel.Andy Grove,who ran Intel,a chipmaker14,obliged all the senior people,including himself,to spend at least a week a year teaching high-flyers.Nitin Paranjpe,the boss of Hindustan Unilever,recruits people from campuses and regularly visits high-flyers in their offices.Involving the company’s top brass15in the process prevents lower-level managers from monopolising16high-flyers(and taking credit for their triumphs).It also creates a dialogue between established and future leaders.Successful companies also integrate talent development with their broader strategy.This ensures that companies are more than the sum of their parts.Adrian Dillon,a former chief financial officer of Agilent,a firm that makes high-tech measuring devices,says he would rather build a“repertory17company”than a “collection of world experts”.P&G likes its managers to be both innovative and worldly:they cannot rise to the top without running operations in a country and managing a product globally.Agilent and Novartis like to turn specialists into general managers.Goodyear replaced23of its24senior managers in two years as it shifted from selling tyres to carmakers to selling them to motorists.1.tussle/t?sl/n.扭打；争论；争⽃；奋⽃2.vita l/?va?tl/adj.⽣命的；充满活⼒的；⽣死攸关的；极其重要的3.peril/?per?l/n.严重危险；祸害，险情4.abhor/?b?h??/vt.痛恨，憎恶5.sector/?sekt?/n.[数]扇形；两脚规；部分；部门6.relentlessly/r??lentl?sl?/adv.残酷地，⽆情地；不停地，不减弱地7.mentor /?men?t??/n.私⼈教师，辅导教师；良师益友8.cyclical/?sa?kl?kl/adj.周期的，循环的9.poach/p??t?/vt.⽔煮；偷猎；盗⽤，挖⾛（⼈员）10.sartorial/sɑ??t??r??l/adj.服装的，男装的，⾐着的11.egalitarianism/??ɡ?l??te?r??n?z?m/n.平等主义，平均主义12.ruthless/?ru?θl?s/adj.⽆情的，冷酷的;残忍的13.high-flyer/?ha?fla??/n.抱负极⾼的⼈；有野⼼的⼈14.chipmaker/?t??p?me?k?/n.集成块制造者；半导体(元件)制造商15.top brass要员16.monopolise/m??n?p?la?z/vt.垄断，独占；占去（⼤部分时间、精⼒），霸占17.repertory/?rep?tr?/n.保留剧⽬轮演Passage10What Is a Medically Induced Coma1and Why Is It Used?（2011.1.10Scientific America）[497words]Basically what happens with a medically induced。
新视域英语时文阅读Unit 10 Emotions
e.g.
Old-media firms have barely begun to address such problems. 旧媒体公司几乎没有着手处理此类问题。
We'll address that in the next section. 我们会在下一部分处理这个问题。
Bank of New Words
Topic-oriented Lead-in
• • • •
Where there is love, there are always wishes. Life is the flower; love is the honey. I‟ll miss you with every step of the long way. Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you！
Bank of New Words
fake
draft
time
elaborate
ruseBiblioteka addressactivate
hamper
Bank of New Words
1. fake / feik / adj. not genuine 假的，冒充的
e.g.
The bank manager is said to have issued fake certificates.
现在已清楚这是一个离间他们的诡计。
But it was a ruse and within hours he underwent the painful treatment. 但这是一个诡计，几小时里他经历了痛苦的治疗。
Bank of New Words
英语时文阅读考研
英语时文阅读考研英语时文阅读作为考研英语备考的重要组成部分，对于提高考生的英语水平和应试能力具有不可忽视的作用。
随着全球化的不断深入，英语在国际交流中的地位愈发重要，因此，掌握英语阅读技巧，尤其是时文阅读，对于考研英语的成功至关重要。
首先，时文阅读能够帮助考生了解国际时事，增强对全球动态的敏感度。
通过阅读最新的英文报刊、杂志和网络新闻，考生可以接触到丰富的时事信息，这不仅有助于扩大词汇量，还能提高对英语语境的适应能力。
例如，通过阅读《经济学人》、《纽约时报》等知名英文媒体，考生可以了解到最新的国际政治、经济、科技和文化动态，这对于理解考研英语阅读理解中的相关话题非常有帮助。
其次，时文阅读能够锻炼考生的快速阅读和信息提取能力。
考研英语阅读理解部分要求考生在有限的时间内准确把握文章的主旨和细节信息。
通过定期练习时文阅读，考生可以逐渐提高阅读速度，学会如何快速定位关键信息，这对于提高考研英语的答题效率和正确率至关重要。
此外，时文阅读还有助于提升考生的批判性思维能力。
在阅读时文时，考生需要对文章中的观点进行分析和评价，这有助于培养考生的独立思考和批判性思维能力。
在考研英语的写作和翻译部分，这种能力同样非常重要，能够帮助考生更好地组织语言，表达自己的观点。
为了有效地进行时文阅读训练，考生可以采取以下策略：1. 选择高质量的英文时文材料，如知名英文报刊、学术期刊等，确保阅读材料的权威性和时效性。
2. 定期进行时文阅读练习，可以每天或每周安排固定的时间进行阅读，以保持阅读的连续性和规律性。
3. 在阅读过程中，注意积累生词和短语，尤其是那些在多个领域都可能出现的高频词汇。
4. 练习总结文章的主旨大意和关键信息，提高信息提取和概括能力。
5. 尝试对文章中的观点进行分析和评价，培养批判性思维能力。
总之，英语时文阅读是考研英语备考中不可或缺的一部分。
通过持续的时文阅读训练，考生不仅能够提高英语阅读能力，还能增强对国际时事的了解，为考研英语的成功打下坚实的基础。
2017考研英语时文精选伦敦街头的涂鸦文化
2017考研英语时文精选:伦敦街头的涂鸦文化研究过考研英语真题的同学都会发现，考研文章中的素材都是来源于西方的主流期刊和杂志，其中从《经济学人》这个期刊采取的素材较多。
如果考研的同学能够把这些题源的文章作文平常泛读的材料，势必会增强大家对背景知识和语感的把握。
现在为大家精选一些有代表性和话题性的文章为大家解读，希望2017考研的学生能够跟着我们的脚步去复习英语。
打好基础，脚踏实地地在考研的路上越走越顺。
那么，今天我们来分享一篇《经济学人》中的《涂鸦墙上文化》，希望大家能够希望的涂鸦文化有所了解。
下面请看具体文章和词汇解析(红色字体为写作常用词汇)。
Graffiti,The Writing's on the Wall涂鸦墙上文化Having turned respectable, graffiti culture is dying .LONDON'S fastest-changing art gallery is hidden in a sunken ball court on a housing estate in Stockwell, south London. On a sunny Sunday afternoon six or seven men, mostly in their 30s, are busy painting the walls with new designs. They have put up cartoons, names written in elaborate, multi-coloured lettering and clever perspective tricks. Tins of spray paint and beer stand on the ground; ladders lean against the paintings.The atmosphere is not unlike that of a golf course: a mix of concentration and blokey relaxation.Graffiti painting is traditionally a daredevil pursuit. Teenagers dodge security guards to put their names on trains and buses. But over the past decade that has all but disappeared from Britain's cities. Between 2007 and 2012 the number of incidents of graffiti recorded by the British Transport Police fell by 63%.A survey by the environment ministry shows that fewer places are blighted by tags than ever. Graffiti are increasingly confined to sanctioned walls, such as the Stockwell ball courts. In time the practice may die out entirely.The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train-painting is better policing, says Keegan Webb, who runs TheLondon Vandal, a graffiti blog. Numerous CCTV cameras mean it is harder to get away with painting illegally. And punishments are more severe.Once-prolific taggers such as Daniel Halpin, who painted his pseudonym “Tox”all over London,have been given long prison sentences. British graffiti artists who want to paint trains usually go abroad to do it these days, says Mr Webb.A generational shift is apparent, too.Fewer teenagers are gettinginto painting walls. They prefer to play with iPads and video games, reckons Boyd Hill, an artist known as Solo One, who in effect runsthe Stockwell ball courts. Those who do get involved tend to prefer street art to graffitiproper (which purists define as letters and names, however elaborately drawn).Some have gone to art school and want to make money from their paintings. Theinternet means that painters can win far more attention by posting pictures online than they can by breaking into a railway yard.Taggers and graffiti artists mostly grew up in the 1980s and 1990s. Those men—and almost all are men—are now older and less willing to takerisks.“We can't runaway from the police any more,”says Ben Eine, who turned from tagging to street art. The hip-hop culture that inspired graffiti in the first place has faded. Video games and comic books provide more inspiration than music.Graffiti may eventually disappear. But for now the hobby is almost respectable. Mr Eine says he has lots of friends who used to paint trains. Now with wives and children, they paint abandoned warehouses at the weekend. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon—a slightly healthier alternative to sitting watching the football.涂鸦文化变得让人尊敬，却正在面临着灭绝。
英语时文阅读(考研或六级备战)
Ailing Father Finds 'New Dads' for His Young DaughtersUntil that day in 2008 when he was diagnosed with a potentially fatal bone cancer, Bruce Feiler had been living a seemingly charmed life. He was a bestselling author of numerous books. He had a loving marriage and twin three-year-old girls. His doctor's sudden bad news left him stunned."You imagine all the ballet recitals you're not going to see, the walks you're not going to take, [and] the boyfriends you are not going to scowl at, and the things they would wonder about me," Feiler recalls. "Would [my girls] wonder who I was [if I died]? Would they wonder what I thought? Would they yearn for my approval, my discipline, my voice?" Three days later, Feiler awoke before dawn with a big idea: he would assemble a group of trusted men to serve as surrogate fathers after his death. His new book, The Council of Dads: My Daughters, My Illness and the Men Who Could Be Me, recalls that moment:“I started making a list of six men from all parts of my life, beginning when I was a child and stretching through today. These are the men who know me best, the men who share my values, men who traveled with me, studied with me, have been though pain and happiness with me, men who know my voice…" Feiler's wife Linda embraced the idea, and together, they devised some guidelines for whom to ask. For example, they agreed that Council members should be friends, not family, and that they should be men. And each man should embody some key aspect of Feiler himself.Feiler made his first request to Jeff Shumlin, a Vermont farmer. The two became friends just after high school while on a student exchange program in Europe. Feiler wanted Shumlin on his Council of Dads because then as now, he was an adventurer who always said "yes" to life.When Shumlin agreed to his friend's request, Feiler asked him what piece of advice he would give to his girls as they got older. "And he [Shumlin] said 'Be a traveler, not a tourist and approach your trip as a young child might approach a mud puddle. You can bend over and look at your reflection, or you can jump in thrash around, see it what it feels like, what it smells like. I want to see you back at the end of this trip covered in mud!'" Other dads in Feiler's Council of Dads include Ben, an intellectual skeptic who would invite the girls to be relentless in their pursuit of truth and "live the questions," and another buddy, also named Ben, who believes in the power of friendship.David Black, the literary agent and close personal friend who helped Feiler get published back when he was an unknown writer, also made the cut.Black says the role Feiler asked him to assume was a natural fit. "I work to help people's dreams come true," he recalls in his busy Manhattan office. "That's in part what Bruce asked of me, to be a member of the Council."Black, who is a father himself, adds that the Council of Dads has turned out to be about more than just a community of support for Feiler's daughters. It has also been about creating a community of men who can support each other. "Men are not given in our society enough opportunity to be drawn together in something where their love and support is the foundation. That's not what men [are supposed to] do,” he says.Black adds that typically, American men play or watch sports together, drink together and compete. "[But] this [council] is not about competition. This allows the nurturing element of these men, of the six of us, to be at the forefront of the relationship. And that's different."Bruce Feiler points out that when dads support other dads, they can share their experience, their strengths and their wisdom, and that when they do, it's the children who benefit most. "Being a dad is often very lonely," he says, "And one of the things I feel is I am no longer alone, that the Council of Dads is in every room with me and making every decision with me." The medical crisis that led Feiler to reach out to the other fathers has passed. Today, Feiler is cancer-free. But he says his idea has caught on, and he believes that his book, The Council of Dads, and the website is inspiring similar groups to form wherever dads seek strength in the fellowship of fathers.Leaders of the Group of 20 meeting in Toronto, Canada have agreed that the world's most advanced industrialized countries should reduce their budget deficits by half within three years, with further steps to cut debt relative to economic output by 2016.The G20, which includes major industrialized powers in the Group of Eight plus deve loping nations with significant economies such as China and India, agreed to a specific time line for deficit reduction, while giving governments flexibility to adjust the pace of changes based on their own situations.A plan promoted by host Canada will have the most advanced countries cut their budget deficits in half by 2013. By 2016, governments would be required to stabilize or begin reducing the percentage of their debt as measured against total gross domestic product, the value of all goods and services produced in a given country.Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who in opening the summit said nations are walking an economic "tightrope," noted that the G20 declaration leaves room for continuing stimulus measures and steps to bring down debt."All leaders recognize that fiscal consolidation is not an end in itself," he said. "There will be a continued role for ongoing stimulus in the short-term as we develop the framework for strong, sustainable and balanced growth."The declaration calls recovery so far from the global economic crisis uneven and fragile, with unemployment at unacceptable levels in many countries. It says unprecedented and globally coordinated fiscal and monetary stimulus is play ing a major role in helping to restore private demand and lending.Saying serious challenges remain, G20 leaders recognize the risks to recovery from fiscal adjustment across several major economies. But they add that failure to implement fiscal consolidation where it is needed could undermine confidence and hamper growth. President Barack Obama and other U.S. officials argued strongly at the summit against any early slowing of stimulus spending by governments, saying that it might bring about a second global recession.In his concluding news conference, the president was asked about divisions on this issue. He said the declaration reflects policies that the United States has promoted and addresses a range of needs."In each country, what we have to recognize is that the recovery is still fragile, that we still have more work to do to make this recovery durable," he said. "But we also have to recognize that if markets are skittish and don't have confidence that we can tackle the tough problems of our medium- and long-term debt and deficits, then that also is going to undermine our recovery."The president said the declaration shows that G20 nations can bridge their differences and coordinate approaches while continuing to focus on durable growth that puts people to work and broadens prosperity.The G20 declaration recognizes U.S. concerns, say ing that sustaining economic recovery requires nations to follow through on delivering existing stimulus plans, while working to create the conditions for robust private demand.On other key issues, European nations such as Britain, France and Germany failed to win G20 agreement for new taxes on banks as part of efforts to discourage excessiverisk-taking that could lead to another financial crisis. The declaration leaves such a tax up to individual members.G20 nations pledge a medium-term phase out of what they call inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, although this would take into account what they call vulnerable groups and their development needs.Where the world's poorest countries are concerned, the G20 says that narrowing the development gap and reducing poverty are integral to a broader objective of achieving strong, sustainable and balanced growth.At the last of bilateral meetings at the G20, Mr. Obama met on Sunday with Indonesia's President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Japan's Prime Minister Naoto Kan.President Obama discussed the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership, and joint efforts on climate change. Mr. Obama said he looks forward to his trip to India in November. Prime Minister Singh called President Obama a "role model for billions and billions of people" around the world.After the G20, President Obama returns to Washington, where he will be waiting for Congress to give final approval to legislation that will impose sweeping new regulations on the U.S. financial system.G20 leaders say they look forward to their next meetings - in Seoul, South Korea in November, and next year in France. Mexico assumes the G20 chairmanship in 2012.Maternal Mortality Rates in New York Rival Developing CountriesA report released by New York City's health department says the percentage of women who die in pregnancy and childbirth in the New York metro area is double that of the national average. Health officials in New York say the maternal mortality rate in the United States itself rivals that of poorer developed countries like Singapore and Ireland. Dr. Jo Boufford, president of the New York Academy of Medicine, which sponsored the maternal mortality conference where the report was released, says the developed and the developing worlds tend to promote different strategies to fight maternal death. And she says while both approaches have merits, each alone is only partiallyeffective. 、"The difference is the developing countries have focused on public health, prevention and primary and prenatal care in the area of maternal mortality," says Boufford. "And their struggle and barrier is having an adequate health workforce and facilities for the kind of high-tech things that happen to mothers that are at risk …"In contrast, Boufford says developed nations have excellent medical technology."But we have a rather poorly developed system of good primary care and prenatal care," she continues. "And our problem is connecting the prenatal care with the delivery site, making sure the information about a patient travels with that patient when they go into labor and go to the hospital. So we can deal with the high-tech and the crisis. Our problem is we're not focusing upstream on the prevention and the primary care, and the developing countries are just the opposite." Maternal mortality in America is particularly high in New York City, where extremes of wealth and poverty abound, says Deborah Kaplan, who oversees the Bureau of Maternal, Infant and Reproductive Health for New York City's health department. The department analyzed the causes of 161 maternal deaths in New York between 2001 and 2005. The study found that half the women who died were obese and that 56 percent had a chronic illness, such as high blood pressure, heart disease or asthma. Black women were seven times more likely to suffer a pregnancy-related death compared to white women. "And we think the issue for black women is they are more likely to be obese and have chronic illnesses, like high bloodpressure, which put you at higher risk for complications during pregnancy," says Kaplan. "Black women, who are more likely to be uninsured, are living in communities where there is limited access to the healthy foods and exercise and activity that is necessary from childhood on to reduce the likelihood of obesity and chronic illnesses." Kaplan's agency is redoubling its efforts to identify obese women early in their pregnancies and to make sure their health care providers treat them as high-risk patients. It also is issuing health alerts to hospital delivery wards to diminish the risk of death in childbirth due to hemorrhage, which is more likely among obese moms. "We recommended hemorrhage drills just like fire drills. For an event that doesn't happen very often, people need to practice. That's on the clinical end. On the bigger environmental end, our agency is involved in many areas related to obesity prevention that look at increasing access to healthy foods in the community. It's about raising awareness and engaging people in the community so that they are part of this work, so they can prevent obesity and chronic illness that can lead to maternal death," says Kaplan. To promote change at the grassroots level, the city is building coalitions that bring together community and government agencies. It also is encouraging leaders at faith-based communities to educate their congregations about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle. "We work to promote breast feeding to prevent childhood obesity, which is where it all begins in terms of child health," says Kaplan. "We work with schools to get unhealthy foods out of the schools and … promote health foods within the school environment. And we work with parents and community residents to really understand why this is so important, and for them to hopefully demand these healthy foods and places to exercise in their own communities." Dr. Boufford says that the medical community also must examine its practices. For example, there may be a correlation between maternal mortality and Caesarean births, or so-called "C-Sections," which are performed in nearly half of all deliveries in some New York hospitals. The report, released Friday, found that 79 percent of New York women who died in childbirth had undergone the procedure. "Now, that may be because they are sicker and they needed it, and C-Sections certainly save lives," says Boufford. "There is no question about that. But we need to understand much more about that. And I think the comfort with technology may have gotten ahead of what may be the best in terms of the management of the patient."Government health departments nationwide are studying new strategies to protect maternal and child health, such as those outlined by the United Nations Millennium Goals,which calls for education, economic development and community empowerment to save lives and eliminate preventable suffering.In the United States, Britain and Japan, Apple's iPhone has reached celerity status. Customers lined up for hours for Apple's newest phone, the iPhone 4. Alex Lee lives in Dubai, but traveled to London for his phone. "The reason why we want to come to this one is because we really want this phone," he said.The iPhone 4 is faster, thinner, has a longer battery life, and it features video calling. Apple is not the only company that makes so-called smartphones that allow users to access the Internet. But loyal customers say its simplicity makes the iPhone stand out."The user friendliness on the IPhone is unbelievable. It's like even a layman can use it," said one man.By the end of July, Apple says the iPhone 4 will be available in 18 additional countries. By the end of September, in 88 countries worldwide.But technology expert Rob Atkinson says smartphones will most like ly not be widely used in many developing nations because of their cost, and the cost of connected on-line data plans. "So I don't think we're going to see a lot of deployment in a region or continent like Africa. You might see some among the smaller groups of higher income users there but what I do think you will see is growth in countries in places like Latin America," he said. Atkinson says countries with a growing middle class will embrace smartphones much faster. "In developing countries, that's going to be a longer process where you'll have perhaps business people, farmers, small business people, professionals who will be the first adopters - the doctors, government officials - and then it will slowly as you get more apps (applications) slowly permeate out probably," he said.Atkinson says Apple's iPhone faces growing competition from other companies, such as Google, that make their own smartphones. With competition, experts expect prices to drop, making smartphones much more accessible to consumers around the world.Romanian Girl Gets Life-Altering SurgeryThis may look like a normal fitting for eyeglasses. But for this 12-year old Romanian girl, it's monumental. "She was different than other children and people behaved differently as well," said her father, Peter Nemethi.At first, Andrea Nemethi's face wasn't flat enough for glasses. A rare tumor behind her right eyeball swelled so much, the tumor and eyeball protruded from the socket."To give you an idea, I think the tumor was, maybe, probably bigger than most orangesthat you see, maybe like two oranges," said Doctor Aaron Fay, a surgeon at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. "You know, it was a pretty big thing and certainly much too big to fit inside an eye socket." The tumor was discovered in 2002, when Andrea was 4 years old. Although it was benign, doctors in Romania delivered grim news.The family was told it was inoperable.At school, the bulging tumor made Andrea self-conscious and shy. One of her teachers reached out to foreign doctors for help. Camille Condon, Director of International Programs at Massachusetts Eye and Ear, received the request just one week after this man died. Ray Tye was a Boston philanthropist who was dedicated to helping children get the surgeries they needed, by paying for them."His passion came from his son who died, I believe of cancer," said Condon. "And he was devastated that all the money in the world couldn't save his son, and therefore, for his son, he was going to save other lives." The hospital decided to memorialize Tye by performing a surgery he would have supported. They chose Andrea.Dr. Fay, operating for seven hours, was able to save Andrea's eyelid, eye muscles and socket. He removed the tumor and Andrea's eye. Camelia Rosca, Andrea's host in Boston, says coming to America has transformed the young girl and her family. "When you see people care about your child's life, it's been tremendous for the family and for Andrea," said Rosca. "She now behaves just like any pre-teenage girl."The pre-teen now feels better about herself. Andrea needs two more procedures before she heads home. When she goes back to Romania, she says she'll never forget the kindness of strangers. They too are transformed. "You know it's quite an emotional experience for me," added Dr. Fay. Those former strangers say Andrea won a place in their hearts.Strikes Highlight China's Growing Industrial UnrestOngoing industrial unrest by factory workers in China about low pay and poor working conditions point to the emergence of an influential labor movement in the world'smost-populous country.This week, it was the Toyota workers who laid down tools and demanded higher pay. They follow workers at Honda who went out on strike and eventually received double-digit pay increases.And, the spate of suicides at the Foxconn plant in southern China also helped focus attention on wages and conditions in Chinese factories. The scenes of striking workers at factory gates have become a regular sight in the past month.The industrial unrest for higher pay in China poses two major questions: Does it signal the start of new era of industrial unrest and the rise of militant unionism? And, does it spell the end of cheap labor in China?Independent labor unions have long been banned in China. The official Communist Party-controlled All-China Federation of Trade Unions has sent in officials to mediate in many of the strikes. But many workers dismiss the federation as useless. Others claim union officials have used violence and other intimidation tactics to force them back to work.Although there is mounting evidence to suggest workers are becoming more organized and sophisticated at collective bargaining for improved welfare, it is unlikely the government would ever allow the situation to get out of hand.Geoffrey Crothall of the Hong-Kong based China Labor Bulletin says the strikes are tolerated because they are private disputes between factory workers and factory bosses. "The government is reasonably tolerant of labor disputes because they are disputes between management and workers. They are not a political threat and should be dealt with on a case-by-case basis," said Crothall.The strikes have mainly hit foreign companies. This is causing problems for those manufacturers that shifted production to China to take advantage of lower labor costs and to cash in on the potential consumer market.But, as factory bosses are forced to offer higher pay to prevent strikes, what does this mean for the faltering global economy?The West has relied on cheap goods from China to help fuel the boom times of the past two decades. Now, it is rely ing on China's cheap labor and the emergence of a consumer culture to help claw the world out of the financial crisis. But some economists say the higher wages will not affect China's competitiveness, in the long term, as companies are likely to move inland to tap cheaper labor markets.Economist Vincent Chan from Credit Suisse in Hong Kong believes the main problem for the government is to manage expectations of the second generation of migrant workers who form the back bone of China's success. And, he says this means the government will have to consider greater social services so as to keep these increasingly demanding workers content."It's about growing expectations. People's expectations have changed," explained Chan. "The first generation of migrant workers didn't mind living in cities. They did not mind doing overtime to earn more money to build a home back in their home village. But for this new generation of migrant workers - no way. So there are different expectations which potentially mean the government, particularly at local level, will need to providemore services to them to incorporate them into becoming urban citizens.And, that will hurt the budget."And with increased salaries, Chinese should purchase more, helping restore parity in trade surpluses on global markets.World Bank economist Louis Kuijs says he is not too concerned by strikes and says he does not see any signs that the industrial unrest will become a major problem for either social stability or for the Chinese and global economies."Wage increases in one particular factory, no matter how large, are unlikely to be representative of what's going on in the rest of the country," said Kuijs. "What we are seeing China is that wages are gradually converging to those levels in the U.S. and Europe, but this convergence is going to take a very long time."The China Labor Bulletin's Geoffrey Crothall says the main legacy of the strikes is the media attention outside of China."Labor conditions in China are getting prominent coverage in the mainstream international media," noted Crothall. "So, clearly, more and more people in the West are becoming aware of conditions in Chinese factories. And, this could help put pressure on international brands to ensure those workers are treated properly and paid a decent wage."With millions of Chinese willing to work, the country's remarkable growth looks set to continue to see more and more Chinese leav ing their fields for a better paid job in the factories and a modern life in the cities. What is becoming clear however, is that Chinese workers are expecting more for their hard work. And, government officials and factory bosses, especially those who run international companies, have to address these rising expectations.UN Eight Percent of Afghan Population Add icted to DrugsA United Nations study released Wednesday says drug use is increasing in the developing word, and a report released earlier this week showed particular problems in Afghanistan, the world's largest opium producer. The U.N. says nearly 8 percent of Afghanistan's population suffers some form of addiction, and many of those using drugs are children.The U.N. study finds nearly one million Afghans between 15 and 64 years old are suffering from some form of drug addiction. That's roughly 8 percent of the war-torn country'spopulation. Over a four year period, the number of regular opium users jumped 53 percent. And the number of regular heroin users jumped a staggering 140 percent."What we are seeing here is another demonstration -- the availability of drugs generates its own addiction," said Antonio Maria Costa, who is with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Another disturbing statistic, nearly 50 percent of adult drug users in Afghanistan's north and south gave opium to their children, an indication, Costa says, that a generation of Afghan children are at risk.Jason Campbell, with the Rand Corporation, a think tank in suburban Washington, says Afghan and international officials must tackle both the source and the consequences of the nation's drug problem. "First, is to continue to stress the importance of trying to grow alternative crops. As far as addiction goes, start looking more, again, at some of the treatment opportunities, options, because they seem to be largely non-existent right now," he said.Campbell says Afghan and world leaders must look at the socio-economic factors fueling drug use. "The study alludes to things such as hopelessness, the lack of medical care. These are all things that you know if your people have something to live for, the economy starts getting stronger, they start having access to basic medical care, they are going to be overall less likely to turn to drugs," he said.One major problem: some 700,000 Afghans have no access to drug treatment. Only 10 percent have received treatment. Ninety percent of those surveyed felt they needed help. Campbell says an aggressive approach used to combat drug use among Afghan security and police forces might work elsewhere. "Over the last few months, there have been a number of training centers open that are exclusively for members of both the Afghan National Army and the Afghan national police force, and I would say that drug usage and illiteracy are two of the big problems within the security forces that NATO has really made a big priority now. What remains to be seen is whether this will have a long-term effect, positive effect on the security forces, and maybe are there ways we can replicate some of these treatment programs to be more inclusive of the general public," he said. Campbell says Afghanistan's drug problem will take decades to tackle. And it won't go away until the Afghan people understand how it directly affects them."You look at a lot of interviews with farmers and they basically say 'Look, I grow the o pium. Someone collects it. I get paid and I get to feed my family.' To them, for the most part, that drug goes out internationally, to the West and it really doesn't have a personalconnection to them. But as you said, if you start seeing people in your v illage, and even relatives, succumb to addiction, that might again help to make them more receptive to trying to grow these other crops that are a better part of forming a stronger society," he said.In the meantime, the social costs to Afghanistan's population are rising. The U.N. says they include loss of productivity and family income, as well as violence, security problems and traffic and workplace accidents.Vampire Fights for Girlfriend in 'The Twilight Saga: Eclipse'any film can rival（与…竞争）the World Cup in terms of anticipation by a global legion of fans, it is the new, third installment in the romance of teenager Bella and her beloved, ageless vampire, Edward. Here's a look at The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. (日、月)食"It's starting."It actually started a couple of years ago with the first film adapted from the wildly popular Twilight romance novels written by Stephanie Meyer. The saga continued last year with New Moon, and now in Eclipse, headstrong high school student Bella Swan affirms her love for classmate Edward Cullen, a soulful（深情的）and very pale teenager. Of course, Edward is really more than a century old, but, as a vampire, he remains eternally（永恒的）young. As if that were not enough of an obstacle to their relationship, there is also her lifelong best friend, Jacob Black. Not only is he jealous, he is also a werewolf, sworn enemy to all vampires.The rising tensions between Edward and Jacob must wait, however, because a bigger threat is descending on their mountainside town of Forks, Washington."Someone is creating an army.""An army of vampires?""They are coming here."The approaching danger forces an uneasy alliance between the wolves and the undead. "They're after Bella? What the hell does this mean?""It means an ugly fight with lives lost.""All right, we're in."Taylor Lautner co-stars again as werewolf Jacob and the now 18-year-old says he has grown along with the character."Jacob definitely matures quite a bit because he has been dealing with his new self now, he has come to know his new self and the situation he has been put in - romantic-wise and a lot of stuff," Lautner explains. "He deals with a lot. He becomes frustrated in this one a little bit because he gets this close all the time and then gets told 'no' over and over again. So it's quite a bummer碰撞, but he's persistent."Robert Pattinson is Edward and the English-born actor likes the freedom this latest film gives him to go deeper into the character and his predicament.困境"His flaws, I think, in the first two movies …earlier on the story …were caused by his dislocation from reality," Pattinson says. "So when he finds one thing to hold onto, that's。
考研英语阅读时文
考研英语阅读时文考研英语阅读精选时文考研英语阅读精选时文1：Forty U.S. billionaires or their families pledged on Wednesday to give over half of their money to charity, according to a philanthropy drive organized by Microsoft nfounder Bill Gates and legendary investor Warren Buffett.美国微软公司创始人比尔·盖茨和传奇投资家沃伦·巴菲特联合发起的“人道行动”宣布，已有40 位亿万富翁或家庭承诺，将把自己一半的财产捐献给慈善事业。
Apart from the Gates family and Buffett, those who pledged to donate include self-made billionaires such as Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, pharmaceutical tycoon Patrick Soon-Shiong, Oracle founder Larry Ellison and Hollywood director George Lucas.除了盖茨夫妇及巴菲特外，参与捐赠的亿万富翁海还包括微软创始人之一保罗·艾伦、纽约市长迈克尔·布隆伯格、华裔生物制药大亨陈颂雄夫妇、好莱坞电影导演乔治·卢卡斯等。
这些人都是通过自己的努力才积累下万贯家财的。
The list also include David Rockefeller, who came from the storied Rockefeller family, and Barron Hilton, son of Hilton Hotels founder Conrad Hilton.此外还包括洛克菲勒家族的戴维·洛克菲勒、希尔顿家族的巴伦·希尔顿等大家族继承人。
时文阅读10
Experts on reading wonder: is the Internet friend or foe?阅读专家不解：互联网究竟是朋友还是敌人？Books are not Nadia Konyk’s thing. Her mother, hoping to entice her, brings them home from the library, but Nadia rarely shows interest. Instead, like so many other teenagers, Nadia, 15, is addicted to the Internet. She regularly spends at least six hours a day in front of the computer in this suburb southwest of Cleveland.纳迪娅·科尼克不喜欢读书。
她的妈妈为引发她的兴趣，从图书馆借了一些书回家，但纳迪娅基本不感兴趣。
相反，和众多青年一样，15岁的纳迪娅迷上了互联网。
她通常每天都要在位于克利夫兰西南郊家中的电脑前花去至少6个小时。
Nadia checks her e-mail and peruses myyearbook. com, a social networking site, reading messages or posting updates on her mood. She searches for music videos on YouTube and logs onto Gaia Online, a role-playing site where members fashion alternate identities as cutesy cartoon characters. But she spends most of her time on or , reading and commenting on stories written by other users and based on books, television shows or movies.Her mother, Deborah Konyk, would prefer that Nidia, who gets A’s and B’s at school, read books for a change. But at this point, Konyk said, “I’m just pleased that she reads something anymore.”纳迪娅查收电子邮件并浏览社交网站myyearbook. Com，在网站上阅读留言或是发帖表达自己最近的心情。
2009年考研英语时文阅读及翻译之英语的消亡
学券计划孩⼦与⾳乐电⼦书报纸的消亡环境保护带薪请假制度英语的消亡 导读：怪异的短信语⾔是对语⾔的亵渎还是创新？是年轻⼀代⼈堕落的标志吗？语⾔学家得出了与中学教师和语⾔保守主义者不同的结论。
In an experiment, the more adept children were at text messaging, the better they did in spelling and writing. The most hotly contested controversy sparked by the text-messaging phenomenon of the past eight years is over truant letters. Textese(Text(⼿机短信)+ ese(⽤语))组成, a newly born dialect of English that subverts letters and numbers to produce ultra-concise words and sentiments, is horrifying language loyalists and pedagogues. And their fears are stoked by some staggering numbers: this year the world is on track to produce 2.3 trillion messages——a nearly 20 percent increase from 2007 and almost 150 percent from 2000. The accompanying revenue for telephone companies is growing nearly as fast——to an estimated $ 60 billion this year. In the English-speaking world, Britain alone generates well over 6 billion messages every month. People are communicating more and faster than ever, but some worry that, as textese drops consonants, vowels and punctuation and makes no distinction between letters and numbers, people will no longer know how we were really supposed to communicate. Will text messaging produce generations of illiterates? Could this——OMG(Oh my God)——be the death of English language? Those raising the alarm aren't linguist. They are teachers who have had to red-pen some ridiculous practices in high-school papers and concerned citizens who believe it their moral duty to write grammar books. The latter can be quite prominent, like John Humphrys, a television broadcaster and household name in Britain, for whom texting is vandalism and Lynne Truss, author of Eats, Shoots and Leaves, who actually enjoys texting so much she never abbreviates. Britain, one of the first countries where texting became a national habit, has also produced some of the most bitter anti-texting vitriol, textese wrote John Sutherland in The Guardian, masks dyslexia. But linguists, if anyone is paying attention, have kept quiet on this score——until now. In a new book, Britain's most prolific linguist finally sets a few things straight. David Crystal's Txtng: the Gr 8 Db8 (Oxford) makes two general points: that the language of texting is hardly as deviant as people think, and that texting actually makes young people better communicators, not worse. Crystal spells out the first point by marshalling real linguistic evidence. He breaks down the distinctive elements of texting language——pictograms, initialisms, or acronyms； contractions and others——and points out similar examples in linguistic practice from the ancient Egyptians to 20th century broadcasting. Shakespeare freely used elisions, novel syntax and several thousand made-up words (his own name was signed in six different ways)。
时文阅读60篇解析下载
时文阅读60篇解析下载：文化教育界6-10篇标签：增补时文解析分类：考研英语2011-04-15 23:31 Oxford Dictionary，one part of our memory ★★★牛津字典，我们记忆中的一部分导读：《牛津英文词典》是世界上最权威，最完整的词典。
它记录着英语语言的变迁，也承载着人类追求知识的执着情怀。
但是现在，网络版牛津字典的流行使得印刷版字典市场急剧萎缩，《牛津英语词典》纸质版也许将不再出版。
消息一出，震惊四座。
没错，网络时代也许不再需要字典这么厚重的东西了，但是，有些遗憾，总还是挥之不去……来源：英国《电讯报》2010年8月29日难词解释：1. shelf life 贮藏期限, 保质期2. lexicographer [.leksi'k?gr?f?] n. 辞典编纂者3. contemporary [k?n'temp?r?ri] adj.同时代的, 当代的4. entry ['entri] n.词条5. vuvuzela 呜呜组啦6. encounter [in'kaunt?] v.遭遇, 遇到7. subscriber [s?b'skraib?] n.订阅者8. vanish ['væni?] v.突然不见;消失9. inescapable [s?b'skraib?] adj.无法逃脱的，不可避免的难句释义：1. OUP said it would continue to print the more familiar Oxford Dictionary of English, the single-volume version sold in bookshops and which contains more contemporary entries such as vuvuzela, the plastic trumpet encountered in the 2010 football World Cup.【佳译】出版社称将继续出版为大众所熟悉的《牛津英文词典》版本，即书店常见的单卷版。
考研英语时文30篇及复习技巧
：完型填空的基本思路完型填空的全名叫做英语知识与运用，它的主要考点是词汇和逻辑思维，对于考生来说，这个题型不得不做的准备就是要背一些同义词，关于同义词，我会在下面的讲解里和大家说明辨析的四个模式。
可是，要获取比较好的分数，还是要努力背些词，不过这并不是说，考研完型填空就完全靠词汇解决，下面的思路，也是考生解决问题的关键。
1. 明确完型填空阅读方式: 段落对照法读文章的时候必须先细读首句，第一句话必须注意以下部分：主题，表示逻辑关系的词，作者态度。
比如many表示作者对于这句话内容持负评价，这是因为，研究生考试为了表示自己的独特和性格，对于大多数人的说法一般持负评价，因此，此文的态度结构就是先负，后面很可能会提出作者自己的说法，因此谈到其他人的理论的选项，都优先选负面的选项。
其次，要从第一句话读出主题词，这包含重要的信息，决定了整篇文章方向。
第三，逻辑连词必须重视，这个在下文很可能重复出现，具有明显的预测和指导作用。
比如首段的明显的连词是either 和or。
因此我们可以预见，下文的主要关系，就是并列关系。
第四，阅读模式的问题，填空的阅读模式切忌先通读全文，也不能看一个选一个。
理由如下：通读全文，会非常的浪费时间，而考场上对于时间的把握是最重要的，更重要的是，读完全文再回去从头做起，开头获得的信息已经模糊，最清晰的是最后的信息。
而且，从填空的对应选项来说，需要读完全文才可以做对的选项并不多，大多数是一个长句的内容就可以相互印证而得到解决，还有很多的就是开头句的重现。
因此读完全文再做题是不对地。
同上，看一个选一个也是不理性的，因为单个的选项不一定可以准确的定位。
因此，我们提倡：精读首句，以长句或组句为单位，文章和选项对照分段阅读。
2. 明确三个主要概念：逻辑关系，态度，主题逻辑关系是研究生考试的特点，对于完型填空，最为常见的就是并列，因果，转折。
尤其是并列关系，我们在下面的讲解里要重点提及。
每年的填空考试里面都有大量的虚词题，比如连词和介词，都要占到6题以上，解决这个问题，我们可以很容易的获取3分。
考研时文阅读
考研时文阅读（1）FEW ideas in education are more controversial than vouchers---letting parents choose to educate their children wherever they wish at the taxpayer’s expense. First suggested by Milton Friedman, an economist, in 1955, the principle is compelling simple. The state pays; parents choose; schools compete; standards rise; everybody gains.Simple, perhaps, but it has aroused predictable----and oftenfatal---opposition from the educational establishment. Letting parents choose where to educate their children is a silly idea; professionals know best. Cooperation, not competition, is the way to improve education for all. Vouchers would increase inequality because children who are hardest to teach would be left behind.But these arguments are now succumbing to sheer weight of evidence. Voucher schemes are running in several different countries withoutill-effects for social cohesion; those that use a lottery to hand out vouchers offer proof that recipients get a better education than those that do not.Harry Patrinos, an education economist at the World Bank, cites a Colombian program to broaden access to secondary schooling, known as PACES, a 1990s initiative that provided over 125,000 poor children with vouchers worth around half the cost of private secondary school. Crucially, there were more applicants than vouchers. The programme, which selected children by lottery, provided researchers with an almost perfect experiment, akin to the “pill-placebo” studies used to judge the efficacy of new medicines. The subsequent results show that the children who received vouchers were 15—20% more likely to finish secondary education, five percentage points less likely to repeat a grade, scorced a bit better on scholastic tests and were much more likely to take college entrance exams.Vouchers programmes in several American states have been run along similar lines. Greg Forster, a statistician at the Friedman Foundation, a charity advocating universal vouchers, says there have been eight similar studies in America: seven showed statistically significant positive results but was not designed well enough to count.The voucher pupils did better even though the sate spent less than it would have done had the children been educated in normal state schools. American voucher schemes typically offer private schools around half of what the sate would spend if the pupils stayed in public schools. The Colombianprogramme did not even set out to offer better schooling than was available in the state sector; the aim was simply to raise enrollment rates as quickly and cheaply as possible.These results are important because they strip out other influences. Home, neighborhood and natural ability all affect results more than which school a child attends. If the pupils who received vouchers differ from those who don’t----perhaps simply by coming from the sort of go-getting family that elbows its way to the front of every queue---any effect might simply be the result of any number of other factors. But assigning the vouchers randomly guarded against this risk.Opponents still argue that those who exercise choice will be the most able and committed, and by clustering themselves together in better schools they will abandon the weak and voiceless to languish in rotten ones. Some cite the example of Chile, where a universal voucher scheme that allows schools to charge top-up fees seems to have improved the education of the best-off most.The strongest evidence against this criticism comes from Sweden, where parents are freer than those in almost any other country to spend as they wish the money the government allocates to educating their children. Sweeping education reforms in 1992 not only relaxed enrolment rules in state sector, allowing students to attend schools outside their own municipality, but also let them take their state funding to private schools, including religious ones and those operating for profit. The only real restrictions imposed on private schools were that they must run their admissions on a first-come-first-served basis and promise not to charge top-up fees(most American voucher schemes impose similar conditions).The result has been burgeoning variety and a breakneck expansion of the private sector. At the time of the reforms only around 1% of Swedish students were educated privately; now 10% are, and growth in private schooling continues unabated.Anders Hultin of Kunskapsskolan, a chain of 26 Swedish schools founded by a venture capitalist in 1999 and now running at a profit, says its schools only rarely have to invoke the first-come-first-servedrule----the chain has responded to demand by expanding so fast that parents keen to send their children to its schools usually get a place. So the private sector, by increasing the total number of places available, can ease the mad scramble for the best schools in the statesector(bureaucrats, by contrast, dislike paying for extra places in popular schools if there are vacancies in bad ones).More evidence that choice can raise standards for all comes from Caroline Hoxby, an economist at Harvard University, who has shown that when American public schools must compete for their students with schools that accept vouchers, their performance improves. Swedish researchers say the same. It seems that those who work in state schools are just like everybody else: they do better when confronted by a bit of competition.没有什么教育观念比学券更容易引发争议。
考研英语阅读一篇10分钟
考研英语阅读一篇10分钟摘要：I.考研英语阅读的重要性A.阅读在考研英语中的占比B.阅读能力对英语整体成绩的影响C.如何提高阅读速度和理解能力II.时间分配与策略A.10分钟阅读时间的合理分配B.如何选择性阅读文章C.略读与寻读的技巧III.阅读材料的选取A.考研英语阅读材料的类型B.如何挑选适合自己的阅读材料C.利用互联网资源寻找阅读材料IV.阅读技巧与方法A.预测与推断B.词义猜测C.克服生词困难V.总结与建议A.考研英语阅读的备考建议B.提高阅读能力的长期策略C.坚持练习，培养阅读习惯正文：考研英语阅读是考研英语试卷中至关重要的一部分，占据了相当大的比重。
因此，提高阅读速度和理解能力对于取得理想的考研英语成绩具有关键性的影响。
本文将围绕如何利用10分钟完成一篇考研英语阅读进行探讨。
首先，合理分配10分钟的时间是非常关键的。
一般来说，可以将时间分配为：前5分钟进行快速略读，了解文章大致内容和结构；接下来的3分钟进行寻读，针对性地查找与题目相关的信息；最后2分钟进行仔细阅读，处理未理解的细节。
这样的时间分配既能保证阅读的全面性，又能提高答题效率。
其次，选择性阅读是提高阅读速度的关键。
在10分钟内，我们无法逐字逐句地阅读文章，因此需要学会挑选关键信息。
根据题目的要求，有针对性地查找与题目相关的段落和句子，忽略与题目无关或过于细节的信息。
此外，可以通过略读和寻读的技巧，快速定位关键信息，从而提高阅读速度。
关于阅读材料的选取，可以从真题、英文报刊杂志以及互联网资源中寻找。
真题可以帮助我们了解考试的题型和难度，英文报刊杂志可以提高我们的阅读广度，互联网资源则为我们提供了丰富的实践机会。
在挑选阅读材料时，应根据自身的英语水平和需求进行选择，同时注意材料的难易程度，以免造成过多的挫败感。
阅读技巧方面，可以尝试使用预测与推断、词义猜测等方法，提高对文章的理解能力。
预测与推断是在阅读过程中，根据上下文和语境对文章内容进行预测，从而提高对文章的理解；词义猜测则是在遇到生词时，通过上下文和词根词缀等信息推测词义。
时文阅读10月21日
In a call with Trump campaign staff Monday, US President Trump tore into the nation's leading infectious diseases expert and coronavirus task force member Dr. Anthony Fauci, saying people have become tired of "Fauci and all these idiots" warning about the risks of COVID-19.“Fauci is a disaster, I mean this guy, if I listened to him we’d have 500,000 deaths.” Trump said if the White House had listened to Fauci, the U.S. would have "500,000 deaths."时文阅读二The Chinese city of Qingdao is testing its entire population of nine million people for Covid-19 over a period of five days. The mass testing comes after the discovery of a dozen. In May, China tested the entire city of Wuhan - home to 11 million people. The country has largely brought the virus under control. That is in stark contrast to other parts of the world, where there are still high case numbers and lockdown restrictions of varying severity.Those responses have been successful in keeping China's overall infection rate low since the country's initial outbreak was suppressed in March. That has enabled life to return to relative normality, with more than 600 million tourists traveling this month for Golden Week, a national holiday around the Mid-Autumn Festival.On Oct 5, nine people in Jidong county, Northeast China's Heilongjiang province, fell ill after dining together. On Monday, the last of the nine people died in hospital.he deaths were caused by bongkrek acid, a fatal acid produced by a bacteria that contaminates suantangzi, a kind of noodles they had eaten that day. The bacteria usually contaminates fermented rice- or flour-based food and could survive even when the food is boiled at high temperatures. Once infected, the fatality rate from such infection is higher than 50 percent时文阅读四A Chinese soldier who went missing along the China-India border on Sunday night has been found by Indian border troops, and the Indian side promised to return him to China after a medical exam, said Senior Colonel Zhang Shuili, a spokesman of the People's Liberation Army Western Theater Command, in a statement on Monday night.。
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考研时文阅读(10)Experts on reading wonder: is the Internet friend or foe?阅读专家不解：互联网究竟是朋友还是敌人？Books are not Nadia Konyk’s thing. Her mother, hoping to entice her, brings them home from the library, but Nadia rarely shows interest. Instead, like so many other teenagers, Nadia, 15, is addicted to the Internet. She regularly spends at least six hours a day in front of the computer in this suburb southwest of Cleveland.纳迪娅·科尼克不喜欢读书。
她的妈妈为引发她的兴趣，从图书馆借了一些书回家，但纳迪娅基本不感兴趣。
相反，和众多青年一样，15岁的纳迪娅迷上了互联网。
她通常每天都要在位于克利夫兰西南郊家中的电脑前花去至少6个小时。
Nadia checks her e-mail and peruses myyearbook. com, a social networking site, reading messages or posting updates on her mood. She searches for music videos on YouTube and logs onto Gaia Online, a role-playing site where members fashion alternate identities as cutesy cartoon characters. But she spends most of her time on or , reading and commenting on stories written by other users and based on books, television shows or movies.Her mot her, Deborah Konyk, would prefer that Nidia, who gets A’s and B’s at school, read books for a change. But at this point, Konyk said, “I’m just pleased that she reads something anymore.”纳迪娅查收电子邮件并浏览社交网站myyearbook. Com，在网站上阅读留言或是发帖表达自己最近的心情。
她在YouTube网站上搜索音乐视频并登录角色扮演网站---盖亚在线Gaia Online,，会员可以在这个网站上自行定制“做可爱状的”卡通人物作为个人形象。
但是她大部分时间都泡在网站或网站上，阅读或评论别人改编自书籍、电视节目或电影的故事。
她的母亲德博拉·科尼克更愿意让学习成绩优良的纳迪娅换个口味，多读点书。
但科尼克这会儿却说：“我高兴的是，她还是在读东西。
”Children like Nadia lie at the heart of a passionate debate about just what it means to read in the digital age. The discussion is playing out among education policymakers and reading experts around the world, and within groups like the National Council of Teachers of English and the International Reading Association.As teenagers’ scores on standardized reading tests have declined or stagnated, some argue that the hours spent prowling the Internet are the enemy of reading---diminishing literacy, wrecking attention spans and destroying a precious common culture that exists only through the reading of books.人们正围绕纳迪娅这样的孩子展开一场激烈的争论，探讨阅读在数字时代究竟意味着什么。
全球的教育决策者和阅读专家之间以及全国英语教师委员会和国际阅读协会等组织内部已经为此争论得不可开交。
由于青少年在标准化阅读测试中的得分降低或停滞不前，一些人便说耗费时间浏览互联网是阅读的大敌---因为这种做法弱化了读写能力，使注意力难以持续，并破坏了一种只有通过阅读书籍才能存在的宝贵的大众文化。
But others say the Internet has created a new kind of reading, one that schools and society shouldn’t discount. The Web inspires a teenager like Nadia, who might otherwise spend most of her leisure time watching TV, to read and write.At least since the invention of TV, critics have warned that electronic media would destroy reading. What is different now, some literacy experts say, is that spending time on the Web, whether it is looking up something on Google or even ., entails some engagement with text.但其它人说，互联网创造了一种新的阅读方式，一种学校和社会都不应该低估的方式。
网络激发像纳迪娅这样的青少年阅读和写作，不然他们就会利用大部分空闲时间看电视。
至少是从发明电视以来，批评人士就警告说，电子媒体会毁了阅读。
一些读写专家说，现在不同的是，不管是用谷歌搜索，抑或甚至是浏览.网站（美国歌手布兰尼·斯皮尔斯的歌迷网站），上网都多多少少需要和文字打交道。
Few who believe in the potential of the Web deny the value of books. But they argue that it is unrealistic to expect all children to read “To Kill a Mockingbird” or “Pride and Prejudice” for fun. And those who prefer staring at TV or pushing buttons on a game console, they say, can still benefit from reading on the Internet. In fact, some literacy experts say that online reading skillswill help children fare better when they begin looking for digital-age jobs.Some Web evangelists say children should be evaluated for their proficiency on the Internet just as they are tested on their print-reading comprehension. Starting next year, some countries will participate in new international assessments of digital literacy; but the United States, for now, will not.那些相信互联网潜力的人几乎都承认书籍的价值。
但他们说，指望所有孩子为找快乐去读《杀死一只知更鸟》或《傲慢与偏见》是不切实际的。
他们还说，那些更喜欢盯着电视机或打游戏的孩子仍然可以从网上阅读中获益。
事实上，一些读写专家认为，网上阅读技巧将有助于孩子将来找数字时代的工作时更从容。
一些网络的鼓吹者说，应当对孩子操作互联网的熟练程度进行打分，就像对他们的纸上阅读理解能力打分一样。
从明年开始，一些国家将参与国际上关于数字时代读写能力的新评估，但是美国暂时不参加。
Young people “aren’t as troubled as some of us older folks are by reading that doesn’t go in a line, ” said Rand Spiro, a professor of educational psychology at Michigan State University who is studying reading practices on the Internet. “That’s a good thing, because the world doesn’t go in a line, and the world isn’t organized into separate compartments or chapters.”Some traditionalists warn that digital reading is the intellectual equivalent of empty calories. Often, they argue, writers on the Internet employ a cryptic argot that vexes teachers and patents.密歇根州立大学教育心理学教授兰德斯皮罗说，年轻人“不像我们老一代人中的一些人那样被不以成行呈现的阅读方式所困扰”。