考研英语时文阅读(33)

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2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读三十三

Twilight of the bureaucrats官僚的黄昏Millions of retiring Arab civil servants need not be replaced数百万即将退休的阿拉伯公务员不需要人来顶替Governments could save billions if they resist the urge to hire more政府如果能抑制住招募更多公务员的冲动，就能节省数十亿美元At a municipal parking garage in Cairo,a row of freshly painted machines wait to dispense tickets to drivers.But the machines are turned off. Attendants stand next to them and hand out tickets manually.在开罗的一个市政停车场，一排崭新的机器正在待命，等着给司机们分发票据。

但这些机器是关着的。

工作人员站在它们旁边，手动分发着票据。

It is one of many useless government jobs in the Egyptiancapital.Stamping passports at the airport can be a three-person affair. Offices are full of functionaries who make photocopies or brew tea(few do both).这是埃及首都诸多政府闲职中的一个。

机场给护照盖章的工作甚至都要3个人来做。

办公室里到处都是复印资料或泡茶的工作人员（很少会兼做这两项）。

More than5m Egyptians work in the civil service.Each serves fewer than 20citizens,if“serves”is the right word.Other developing countries get by with a far less populous public sector.埃及有超过500万名公务员。

TPO 33 阅读原文文本

The First Civilizations Evidence suggests that an important stimulus behind the rise of early civilizations was the development of settled agriculture, which unleashed a series of changes in the organization of human communities that culminated in the rise of large ancient empires. The exact time and place that crops were first cultivated successfully is uncertain. Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged in dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival. The first farmers, who may have lived as long as 10,000 years ago, undoubtedly used simple techniques and still relied primarily on other forms of food production, such as hunting, foraging, or pastoralism. The real breakthrough took place when farmers began to cultivate crops along the floodplains of river systems. The advantage was that crops grown in such areas were not as dependent on rainfall and therefore produced a more reliable harvest. An additional benefit was that the sediment carried by the river waters deposited nutrients in the soil, thus enabling the farmer to cultivate a single plot of ground for many years without moving to a new location. Thus, the first truly sedentary (that is, nonmigratory) societies were born. As time went on, such communities gradually learned how to direct the flow of water to enhance the productive capacity of the land, while the introduction of the iron plow eventually led to the cultivation of heavy soils not previously susceptible to agriculture. The spread of this river valley agriculture in various parts of Asia and Africa was the decisive factor in the rise of the first civilizations. The increase in food production in these regions led to a significant growth in population, while efforts to control the flow of water to maximize the irrigation of cultivated areas and to protect the local inhabitants from hostile forces outside the community provoked the first steps toward cooperative activities on a large scale. The need to oversee the entire process brought about the emergence of an elite that was eventually transformed into a government. The first clear steps in the rise of the first civilizations took place in the fourth and third millennia B.C. in Mesopotamia, northern Africa, India, and China. How the first governments took shape in these areas is not certain, but anthropologists studying the evolution of human communities in various parts of the world have

TPO 33 写作听力阅读文本

Carved stone balls are a curious type of artifact found at a number of locations in Scotland. They date from the late Neolithic period, around 4,000 years ago. They are round in shape; they were carved from several types of stone; most are about 70 mm in diameter; and many are ornamented to some degree. Archaeologists do not agree about their purpose and meaning, but there are several theories.One theory is that the carved stone balls were weapons used in hunting or fighting. Some of the stone balls have been found with holes in them, and many have grooves on the surface. It is possible that a cord was strung through the holes or laid in the grooves around the ball. Holding the stone balls at the end of the cord would have allowed a person to swing it around or throw it.A second theory is that the carved stone balls were used as part of a primitive system of weights and measures. The fact that they are so nearly uniform in size –at 70 mm in diameter –suggests that the balls were interchangeable and represented some standard unit of measure. They could have been used as standard weights to measure quantities of grain or other food, or anything that needed to be measured by weight on a balance or scale for the purpose of trade.A third theory is that the carved stone balls served a social purpose as opposed to a practical or utilitarian one. This view is supported by the fact that many stone balls have elaborate designs. The elaborate carving suggests that the stones may have marked the important social status of their owners.Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.(female professor) None of the three theories presented in the reading passage are very convincing.First, the stone balls as hunting weapons, common Neolithic weapons such as arrowheads and hand axes generally show signs of wear, so we should expect that if the stone balls had been used as weapons for hunting of fighting, they, too, would show signs of that use. Many of the stone balls would be cracked or have pieces broken off. However, the surfaces of the balls are generally well preserved, showing little or no wear or damage.Second, the carved stone balls maybe remarkably uniform in size, but their masses vary too considerably to have been used as uniform weights. This is because the stone balls were made with different types of stone including sandstone, green stone and quartzite. Each type of stone has a different density. Some types of stone are heavier than others just as a handful of feathers weight less than a handful of rocks. Two balls of the same size are different weights depending on the type of stone they are made of. Therefore, the balls could not have been used as a primitive weighing system.Third, it’s unlikely that the main purpose of the balls was as some kind of social marker. A couple of facts are inconsistent with this theory. For one thing, while some of the balls are carved with intricate patterns, many others have markings that are extremely simple, too simple to make the balls look like status symbols. Furthermore, we know that in Neolithic Britain, when someone died, particularly a high-ranking person, they were usually buried with their possessions. However, none of the carved stone balls have been actually found in tombs or graves. That makes it unlikely that the balls were personal possessions that marked a person’s status within the community.Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenged the specific theories presented in the reading passage.Independent WritingDo you agree or disagree with the following statement?When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, the students learn much more effectively than when they are asked to work alone on projects. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.。

英语时文阅读参考答案

英语时文阅读参考答案一、阅读理解题1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？A. 英语学习对个人职业发展至关重要。

B. 英语是全球通用语言，应该被广泛学习。

C. 学习英语可以提高个人的跨文化交流能力。

D. 英语教育应该注重实用性和应用性。

答案：C2. 文章中提到了哪些因素可以促进英语学习？A. 个人兴趣和学习动力。

B. 良好的语言环境和实践机会。

C. 系统的教育体系和教学方法。

D. 所有上述因素。

答案：D3. 作者认为哪种学习方式对提高英语水平最有效？A. 通过阅读英文原著来学习。

B. 通过观看英语电影和电视节目来学习。

C. 通过与母语为英语的人交流来学习。

D. 通过参加英语角或语言交换活动来学习。

答案：C4. 文章中提到的“沉浸式学习法”是指什么？A. 完全用英语进行思考和交流。

B. 在英语环境中学习英语。

C. 通过学习英语文化来提高语言水平。

D. 通过背诵英语单词和短语来学习。

答案：B5. 根据文章，以下哪项不是提高英语听力的方法？A. 经常听英语广播和新闻。

B. 观看英语电影和电视节目。

C. 阅读英语书籍和报纸。

D. 参加英语听力训练课程。

答案：C二、完形填空题6. The best title for the passage could be "The Importance of _______ in Learning English."A. PracticeB. GrammarC. VocabularyD. Pronunciation答案：A7. The author suggests that _______ is the key to mastering English.A. listeningB. speakingC. writingD. reading答案：B8. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of learning English?A. Better job opportunities.B. Access to a wider range of information.C. The ability to travel without a guide.D. The ability to understand complex mathematical concepts.答案：D9. The word "immersion" in the context of the passage means_______.A. being surrounded by the English languageB. learning English in a classroom settingC. only learning English grammarD. memorizing English vocabulary lists答案：A10. The author believes that learning English can alsoimprove one's _______.A. cooking skillsB. cultural understandingC. mathematical abilitiesD. physical fitness答案：B三、词汇题11. The word "enhance" in the context of the passage isclosest in meaning to:A. increaseB. reduceC. maintainD. replace答案：A12. The term "fluency" refers to:A. the ability to speak a language easily and smoothlyB. the ability to understand complex sentencesC. the ability to write well in a languageD. the ability to read quickly答案：A13. In the passage, "comprehension" is related to:A. understandingB. speakingC. writingD. listening答案：A14. The word "articulate" is used to describe someone who can:A. speak quicklyB. speak clearly and effectivelyC. speak with a lot of gesturesD. speak with a strong accent答案：B15. The phrase "language barrier" in the passage implies:A. the difficulty of learning a new languageB. the challenge of communicating in a different languageC. the advantage of being bilingualD. the importance of learning multiple languages答案：B请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的英语时文阅读参考答案应根据具体文章内容和问题来制定。

33科学新知2-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读科学新知201（2022·江西赣州·校考模拟预测）Shanghai Renji Hospital broadcast(直播) a cancer(癌症) operation, using 5G technology first in China with the Da Vinci Robotics System. It is the ____1____ robotic system for difficult operations. It uses a minimally invasive approach(微创方法).The broadcast ____2____ doctors in Renji Hospital’s Ningbo branch(分院) in Zhejiang and their workmates in Shanghai to watch each step of the operation ____3____ at the same time. It was just like being the surgeon(外科医生) in the operation room.The patient was a 65year old woman ____4____ from cancer. The degree of ____5____ for the operation was high. The ____6____ was performed by Zhong Ming, a pioneer surgeon.The hospital’s Ningbo branch was in ____7____ in 2018. But Zhong Ming, who works in both hospitals, soon found that the doctors in Ningbo did not have enough ____8____ to watch difficult cases and master medical technology. The hospital came up with the ____9____ to broadcast a live operation.Doctors in Ningbo are able to ____10____ the details of the difficult operation with a wider view. The doctors can see clearly ____11____ Zhong operated on the blood vessels(血管) and nerves(神经). One of the doctors in Ningbo said that in the past they had tried to use other technologies during such broadcasts, but none of them is clear or ____12____ enough. The 5G network helps the medical circle ____13____ the problem. This was the ____14____ time he had watched such a clear broadcast of an operation, and it was impressive(令人印象深刻的).Maybe one day, we’ll be able to watch a (n) ____15____ broadcast of an operation in Shanghai through our phones with 5G network. Such broadcasts are good for young doctors to learn the most moderntechnology to treat more patients.1．A．newest B．oldest C．biggest D．smallest2．A．taught B．chose C．allowed D．understood3．A．clearly B．beautifully C．carefully D．happily4．A．ing B．hearing C．learning D．suffering 5．A．temperature B．difficulty C．performance D．education 6．A．program B．operation C．action D．illness7．A．order B．danger C．trouble D．service8．A．time B．money C．chances D．experience 9．A．discussion B．argument C．idea D．agreement10．A．watch B．find C．forget D．build11．A．why B．how C．where D．when12．A．strong B．cheap C．smooth D．lively13．A．solve B．meet C．enter D．discover14．A．first B．second C．third D．fourth15．A．free B．busy C．active D．live02（2022·河北石家庄·统考一模）A pany in Beijing announced that it had successfully bred(繁殖) China’s first cloned(克隆) cat, reports China Science and Technology Daily.“The kitten named Garlic(大蒜) was born on July 21, 2019, in a laboratory(实验室) of the biotechnology pany Sinogene. It was born from an embryo (胚胎) carried by a surrogate(代孕) mother,” said Wang Jidong, the CEO of Sinogene."Garlic has been verified(证实的) as a cloned cat by a thirdparty verification organization, and is currently in a good condition."The birth of the kitten is the result of a cloning program that began last August. Chen Dayuan, a researcher from the Institute of Zoology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said the technology developed by the pany has a high success rate: one cloned kitten from four implanted surrogates.It’s rare(罕见的) for cats to be successfully cloned, said Shi Zhensheng, a professor from the Veterinary Medicine College at China Agricultural University. Cats have unique reproductive characteristics, whichmake them difficult to clone. The success of Sinogene marks a step forward in China’s cloning research sector.The cloning technology used to create Garlic will help China to build a genetic library of endangered species (物种), with the goal of breeding species under threat of extinction.16．How old is the cloned cat Garlic now?A．Less than one year old.B．One year old.C．Two years old.D．Three years old.17．The underlined expression of “in a good condition” could be replaced by _______.A．happy B．healthy C．beautiful D．expensive18．Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A．Sinogene is a biotechnology pany in Beijing.B．The cloning program began in July, 2019.C．It’s mon to clone cats successfully because they are easy to clone.D．The success of cloning Garlic might help China save endangered plants.03（2022·云南昆明·云大附中校考三模）Imagine this: you and your friend are on a video call. He or she picks up a book, and you feel like you’re holding the book as well. You can shake hands or give your friend a high five, even though you’re apart.A pair of special gloves might make this a reality. Researchers at the University of New South Wales, Australia, have made gloves that can recreate the sense of touch. They call this haptic device（触觉装置）a “soft skin stretch device” (SSD).The SSD works like this: One user’s gloves create 3D force signals when they touch something. The signals are sent to the other user’s gloves, which vibrate（震动）to create the same force that the first user is experiencing. This allows the second user to experience the same sense of touch.The SSD allows you to feel force, vibration and change. “It is like wearing a second skin,” said Thanh Nho Do, one of the researchers who created the gloves.Haptic technology is already being widely used. For example, the track pads（触控板）in laptops use vibration to make it feel like you’re clicking a real mouse. However, it is difficult to recreate the sense of touch in virtual（虚拟的）environments or outside, according to Mai Thanh Thai, lead researcher of the SSDproject. The SSD is special because it has a high level of sensitivity（敏感）even when it is used continuously. This makes it feel more practical.The SSD could be used in medical practice. Two doctors in different places could work together during an operation（手术）—one touches the patient’s organs（器官）with the SSD while the other doctor feels the same sensation（感觉）and pletes the operation.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

考研英语_时文阅读50篇

考研英语_时⽂阅读50篇考拉进阶英语时⽂阅读50篇Passage1Dealing With Spam1:Confidence Game(2010.11.18The Economist)[483words]Bill Gates,then still Microsoft’s boss,was nearly rightin2004when he predicted the end of spam in two years.Thanks to clever filters2unsolicited3e-mail has largelydisappeared as a daily nuisance4for most on the internet.But spam is still a menace5:blocked at the e-mail inbox,spammers post messages as comments on websites and increasingly on social networks like Twitter and Facebook.The criminal businesses behind spam are competitive and creative.They vault over6technical fixes as fast as the hurdles7are erected.The anti-spam industry has done applaudable work in saving e-mail.But it is always one step behind.In the end,the software industry’s interest is in making money from the problem(by selling subscriptions to regular security updates)rather than tackling it at its source.Law-enforcement agencies have had some success shutting down spam-control servers in America and the Netherlands.But as one place becomes unfriendly, spammers move somewhere else.Internet connections in poor and ill-run countries are improving faster than the authorities there can police them.That won’t end soon.In any case,the real problem is not the message,but the link.Sometimes an unwise click leads only to a website that sells counterfeit8pills.But it can also lead to a page that infects your computer with a virus or another piece of malicious software that then steals your passwords or uses your machine for other immoral purposes. Spam was never about e-mail;it was about convincing us to click.To the spammer,it needs to be decided whether the link is e-mailed or liked.The police are doing what they can,and software companies keep on tightening security.But spam is not just a hack9or a crime,it is a social problem,too.If you look beyond the computers that lie between a spammer and his mark,you can see allthe classic techniques of a con-man:buy this stock,before everyone else does.Buy these pills,this watch,cheaper than anyone else can.The spammer plays upon the universal human desire to believe that we are smarter than anyone gives us credit for,and that things can be had for nothing.As in other walks of life,people become wiser and take precautions only when they have learned what happens when they don’t.That is why the spammers’new arena10—social networks—is so effective.A few fiddles might help,such as tougher default privacy settings on social networks.But the real problem is man,not the machine.Public behaviour still treats the internet like a village,in which new faces are welcome and anti-social behaviour a rarity.A better analogy would be a railway station in a big city,where hustlers11gather to prey on the credulity12of new arrivals.Wise behaviour in such places is to walk fast,avoid eye contact and be cautious with strangers.Try that online.1.spam/sp?m/n.垃圾邮件2.filter/?f?lt?/n.过滤器；滤光器；筛选过滤程序3.unsolicited/??ns??l?s?t?d/adj.未经请求的，⾃发的4.nuisance/?nju?s?ns/n.⿇烦事，讨厌的⼈或东西5.menace/?men?s/n.威胁，恐吓；危险⽓氛；烦⼈的⼈或事物6.vault over越过7.hurdle/?h??dl/n.障碍；跨栏，栏8.counterfeit/?ka?nt?f?t/n.伪造，仿造，制假9.hack/h?k/n.砍,劈；供出租的马；出租车司机；⾮法侵⼊（他⼈计算机系统）10.arena/??ri?n?/n.圆形运动场，圆形剧场；竞技舞台，活动场所11.hustler/?h?sl?/n.耍诡计骗钱的⼈12.credulity/kr??du?l?t?/n.轻信Passage2A Gene to Explain Depression（2011.1.3Time）[459words]As powerful as genes are in exposing clues to diseases,not even the most passionate geneticist1believes thatcomplex conditions such as depression can be reduced to atell-tale2string of DNA.But a new study confirms earlier evidence that aparticular gene,involved in ferrying3a brain chemical critical to mood known as serotonin4,may play a role in triggering5the mental disorder in some people.Researchers led by Dr.Srijan Sen,a professor of psychiatry at University of Michigan,report in the Archives6of General Psychiatry that individuals with a particular form of the serotonin transporter gene were more vulnerable to developing depression when faced with stressful life events such as having a serious medical illness or being a victim of childhood abuse.The form of the gene that these individuals inherit prevents the mood-regulating serotonin from being re-absorbed by nerve cells in the brain.Having such a low-functioning version of the transporter starting early in life appears to set these individuals up for developing depression later on,although the exact relationship between this gene,stress,and depression isn’t clear yet.Sen’s results confirm those of a ground-breaking7study in2003,in which scientists for the first time confirmed the link between genes and environment in depression.In that study,which involved more than800subjects,individuals with the gene coding for the less functional serotonin transporter were more likely to develop depression following a stressful life event than those with the more functional form of the gene.But these findings were questioned by a2009analysis in which scientistspooled814studies investigating the relationship between the serotonin transporter gene,depression and stress,and found no heightened risk of depression among those with different versions of the gene.“One of the hopes I have is that we can settle this story,and move on to looking more broadly across the genome9for more factors related to depression,”he says.“Ideally we would like to find a panel of different genetic variations that go together to help us predict who is going to respond poorly to stress,and who might respond well to specific types of treatment as opposed to others.”He believes that the2009findings do not contradict those from2003,or the latest results,but rather reflect a difference in the way the study was conducted.Sen stresses,however,that this gene is only one player in the cast of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to depression.“All things considered,this gene is a relatively small factor,and for this finding to be clinically10useful,we really need to find many,many more factors.Ultimately we may identify new pathways that are involved in depression to come up with new and better treatments.”1.geneticist/dnet?s?st/n.遗传学家2.tell-tale/?tel?te?l/adj.暴露实情的，能说明问题的3.ferry/?fer?/vt.渡运，摆渡4.serotonin/?s??rt??n?n/n.[⽣化]⾎清素，5-羟⾊胺（神经递质，易影响情绪等）5.trigger/?tr?ɡ?/vt.触发，引发；开动，启动6.archive/?ɑ?ka?v/n.档案馆；档案⽂件7.ground-breaking/?gra?nd?bre?k??/adj.开创性的；创新的8.pool/pu?l/vt.合伙经营；集中（智慧等）；共享，分享9.genome/??i?n??m/n.[⽣]基因组；[⽣]染⾊体组10.clinically/?kl?n?kl?/adv.临床地；冷淡地；通过临床诊断Passage3Second Thoughts on Online Education(2010.9New York Times)[415words]Let the computer do the teaching.Some studies,expertopinion and cost pressures all point toward a continuing shiftof education online.A major study last year,funded by the EducationDepartment,which covered comparative research over12years,concluded that online learning on average beat face-to-face teaching by a modest1but statistically meaningful margin2.Bill Gates,whose foundation funds a lot of education programs,predicted last month that in five years much of college education will have gone online.“The self-motivated learner will be on the Web,”Mr.Gates said,speaking at the Techonomy conference in Lake Tahoe.“College needs to be less place-based.”But recent research,published as a National Bureau of Economic Research working paper,comes to a different conclusion.“A rush to online education may come at more of a cost than educators may suspect,”the authors write.The research was a head-to-head experiment,comparing the grades achieved in the same introductory economics class by students—one group online,and one in classroom lectures.Certain groups did notably worse online.Hispanic3students online fell nearly a full grade lower than Hispanic students that took the course in class.Male students did about a half-grade worse online,as did low-achievers,which had college grade-point averages below the mean for the university.The difference certainly was not attributable4to machines replacing a tutorial-style human teaching environment.Instead,the classroom was a large lecture hall seating hundreds of students.Initially,David Figlio,an economist at Northwestern University and co-author of the paper,said he had thought that the flexibility5of the Internet—the ability to“go back and roll the tape”—would probably give the online coursework6an edge over traditional“chalk and talk teaching.”The online lectures were well done,using a professional producer and cameraman7.“It had very much the feel of being in the room,”Mr.Figlio said.So what accounts for the difference in outcomes8?Mr.Figlio has a few theories. For the poorer performance of males and lower-achievers,he says the time-shifting convenience of the Web made it easier for students to put off viewing the lectures and cram9just before the test,a tactic10unlikely to produce the best possible results.It’s partly a stereotype11but also partly true,Mr.Figlio says,that female students tend to be better at timemanagement,spreading their study time over a semester,than males.“And the Internet makes it easier to put off12the unpleasant thing,attending the lecture,”he said.1.modest/?m?d?st/adj.谦虚的,谦恭的；适中的,适度的；些许的2.margin/?mɑ:d??n/n.页边空⽩；边,边缘；差数,差额3.Hispanic/h?s?p?n?k/adj.西班⽛和葡萄⽛的4.attributable/??tr?bj?t?bl/adj.可归因于，可能由于5.flexibility/?fleks??b?l?t?/n.灵活性；柔韧性6.coursework/?k?:sw?:k/n.课程作业7.cameraman/?k?m?r?m?n/n.摄影师8.outcome/?a?tk?m/n.结果9.cram/kr?m/v.挤满，塞满；临时死记硬背10.tactic/?t?kt?k/n.兵法；⽅法,策略；⼿段；招数11.stereotype/?ster??ta?p/n.模式化观念，⽼⼀套，刻板形象12.put off撤销，取消Passage4The Kids Can’t Help It（2010.12.16Newsweek）[372words]What new research reveals about the adolescentbrain—from why kids bully1to how the teen yearsshape the rest of your life.They say you never escape high school.And forbetter or worse,science is lending some credibility tothat old saw.Thanks to sophisticated imaging technology and a raft2of longitudinal3studies,we’re learning that the teen years are a period of crucial brain development subject to a host of environmental and genetic factors.This emerging research sheds4light not only on why teenagers act they way they do,but how the experiences of adolescence—from rejection to binge5 drinking—can affect who we become as adults,how we handle stress,and the way we bond with others.One of the most important discoveries in this area of study,says Dr.Frances Jensen,a neuroscientist at Harvard,is that our brains are not finished maturing by adolescence,as was previously thought.Adolescent brains“are only about80percentof the way to maturity,”she said at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in November.It takes until the mid-20s,and possibly later,for a brain to become fully developed.An excess of gray matter6(the stuff that does the processing)at the beginning of adolescence makes us particularly brilliant at learning—the reason we’re so good at picking up new languages starting in early childhood—but also particularly sensitive to the influences of our environment,both emotional and physical.Our brains’processing centers haven’t been fully linked yet,particularly the parts responsible for helping to check7our impulses8and considering the long-term repercussions9of our actions.“It’s like a brain that’s all revved10up not knowing where it needs to go,”says Jensen.It’s partially because of this developmental timeline that a teen can be so quick to conjure11a stinging remark,or a biting insult,and so uninhibited12in firing it off at the nearest unfortunate target—a former friend,perhaps,or a bewildered parent.The impulse to hurl13an insult14is there,just as it may be for an adult in a stressful situation,but the brain regions that an adult might rely on to stop himself from saying something cruel just haven’t caught up.1.bully/?b?l?/v.恐吓；充当恶霸，恃强凌弱2.raft/rɑ?ft/n.筏；橡⽪艇，充⽓船；⼤量3.longitudinal/?l?ntju?d?nl/adj.纵向的；纵观的；经度的4.shed/?ed/vt.散发出光；去除，摆脱；蜕，落5.binge/b?nd?/n.饮酒作乐；狂饮；狂闹6.gray matter灰质（脑、脊髓内神经元集中的地⽅）7.check/t?ek/v.检查，核验，核对；制⽌，控制8.impulse/??mp?ls/n.冲动；脉冲；刺激，推动⼒9.repercussion/?ri?p??kn/n.（间接的）反响，影响，恶果10.rev/rev/v.（发动机等）加快转速11.conjure/?k?n??/v.变魔术；使变戏法般地出现（或消失）12.uninhibited/??n?n?h?b?t?d/adj.⽆限制的;⽆拘束的,放任的13.hurl/h??l/vt.猛掷，猛扔；⼤声说出14.insult/?n?s?lt/n.侮辱；凌辱；⽆礼Passage5The Power of Posture(2011.1.13The Economist)[486words]“Stand up straight!”“Chest out!”“Shoulders back!”Theseare the perennial1cries of sergeant2majors and fussy3parentsthroughout the ages.Posture certainly matters.Big is dominantand in species after species,humans included,postures thatenhance the posturer’s apparent size cause others to treat him asif he were more powerful.The stand-up-straight brigade4,however,often make a further claim:that posture affects the way the posturer treats himself,as well as how others treat him.To test the truth of this,Li Huang and Adam Galinsky,at Northwestern University in Illinois,have compared posture’s effects onself-esteem with those of a more conventional ego-booster,management responsibility. In a paper just published in Psychological Science they conclude,surprisingly,that posture may matter more.The two researchers’experimental animals—77undergraduate students—first filled out questionnaires5,ostensibly6to assess their leadership capacity.Half were then given feedback forms which indicated that,on the basis of the questionnaires, theywere to be assigned to be managers in a forthcoming7experiment.The other half were told they would besubordinates8.While the participants waited for this feedback, they were asked to help with a marketing test on ergonomic9chairs.In fact,neither of these tests was what it seemed.The questionnaires were irrelevant.V olunteers were assigned to be managers or subordinates at random.The test of posture had nothing to do with ergonomics.And,crucially,each version of the posture test included equal numbers of those who would become“managers”and “subordinates”.Once the posture test was over the participants received their new statuses and the researchers measured theirimplicit10sense of power by asking them to engage in a word-completion task.Participants were instructed to complete a number of fragments11with the first word that came to mind.Seven of the fragments could be interpreted as words related to power(“power”,“direct”,“lead”,“authority”,“control”,“command”and“rich”).Although previous studies suggested a mere title is enough to produce a detectable increase in an individual’s sense of power,Dr Huang and Dr Galinsky found no difference in the word-completion scores of those told they would be managers and those told they would be subordinates.Having established the principle,Dr Huang and Dr Galinsky went on to test the effect of posture on other power-related decisions:whether to speak first in a debate, whether to leave the site of a plane crash to find help and whether to join a movement to free a prisoner who was wrongfully locked up.In all three cases those who had sat in expansive12postures chose the active option(to speak first,to search for help,to fight for justice)more often than those who had sat crouched13. The upshot14,then,is that father(or the sergeant major)was right.Those who walk around with their heads held high not only get the respect of others,they seem also to respect themselves.1.perennial/p??ren??l/adj.[植]多年⽣的；长久的，持续的2.sergeant/?sɑnt/n.[军]（英）陆军、空军、海军陆战队中⼠；（美）陆军或空军中⼠3.fussy/?f?s?/adj.挑剔的，⼤惊⼩怪的；紧张不安的4.brigade/?br?ɡe?d/n.旅；伙，帮，派5.questionnaire/?kwestn e?/n.问卷；调查表6.ostensibly/?s?tens?bl?/adv.表⾯上；明显地7.forthcoming/?f??θ?k?m??/adj.即将发⽣的；现成的；乐于提供信息的8.subordinate/s??b??d?n?t/n.下级，部属9.ergonomic/ɡn?m?k/adj.⼈类⼯程学的10.implicit/?m?pl?s?t/adj.不⾔明的，含蓄的11.fragment/?fr?ɡm?nt/n.碎⽚，⽚段12.expansive/?ks?p?ns?v/adj.⼴阔的，辽阔的；⼴泛的，全⾯的；友善健谈的，开朗的13.crouch/kraut?/vt.屈膝,蹲伏,蹲,蹲下14.upshot/??p??t/n.最后结果，结局Passage6How Rest Helps Memory:Sleepy Heads(2010.2.25The Economist)[402words]Mad dogs and Englishmen,so the song has it,go out in themidday sun.And the business practices of England’s linealdescendant1,America,will have you in the office from nine in themorning to five in the evening,if not longer.Much of the world,though,prefers to take a siesta2.And research presented to theAAAS meeting in San Diego suggests it may be right to do so.Ithas already been established that those who siesta are less likely todie of heart disease.Now,Matthew Walker and his colleagues at the University of California,Berkeley,have found that they probably have better memory, too.A post-prandial3snooze4,Dr Walker has discovered,sets the brain up for learning.The role of sleep in consolidating5memories that have already been created has been understood for some time.Dr Walker has been trying to extend this understanding by looking at sleep’s role in preparing the brain for the formation of memories in the first place.He was particularly interested in a type of memory called episodic6memory,which relates to specific events,places and times.This contrasts with procedural memory,of the skills required to perform some sort of mechanical task,such as driving.The theory he and his team wanted to test was that the ability to form new episodic memories deteriorates7with increased wakefulness,and that sleep thus restores the brain’s capacity for efficient learning.They asked a group of39people to take part in two learning sessions,one at noon and one at6pm.On each occasion the participants tried to memorise and recall 100combinations of pictures and names.After the first session they were assigned randomly to either a control group,which remained awake,or a nap group,which had 100minutes of monitored sleep. Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning.Those who napped8,by contrast,actually improved their capacity to learn,doing better in the evening than they had at noon.These findings suggest that sleep is clearing the brain’s short-term memory and making way for new information.The benefits to memory of a nap,says Dr Walker,are so great that they can equal an entire night’s sleep.Hewarns,however,that napping must not be done too late in the day or it will interfere with night-time sleep.Moreover,not everyone awakens refreshed from a siesta.1.lineal descendant直系后裔2.siesta/s??est?/n.午睡，午休3.prandial/?pr?nd??l/adj.膳⾷的，正餐的4.snooze/snu:z/n.⼩睡5.consolidate/k?n?s?l?de?t/vt.使巩固，使加强；合并6.episodic/?ep??s?d?k/adj.偶尔发⽣的，不定期的；有许多⽚段的7.deteriorate/d??t??r??re?t/vi.恶化,退化；变坏8.nap/n?p/vi.⼩睡Passage7Learning Gap Between Rich and Poor Starts Early（2011.2Newsweek）[354words]It’s generally accepted that there is a correlationbetween a child’s educational attainment1and a family’spoverty level,but new research shows that the problemmay take root2earlier than previously thought.A new study in Psychological Science found that at10months old,children from poor families performed just as well as children from wealthier families,but by the time they turned2,children from wealthier families were scoring consistently higher than those from poorer ones.“Poor kids aren’t even doing as well in terms of school readiness,sounding out letters and doing other things that you would expect to be relevant to early learning,”Elliot M.Tucker-Drob of the University of Texas at Austin,lead author of the study, said in a press release.To conduct the study,researchers assessed the mental abilities of about750pairs of fraternal3and identical4twins from all over the U.S.The participants’socioeconomic status was determined based on parents’educational attainment, occupations and family income.Each child was asked to perform tasks that included pulling a string to ring a bell, placing three cubes in a cup,matching pictures and sorting pegs by color first at10 months and again when they were2years old.At this time,researchers discovered that during the14-month window between the aptitude5tests,gaps in cognitive6 development had started to occur.Children from wealthier families had started to consistently outperform those from poorer ones.Researchers attempted to disprove7a genetic explanation by comparing the aptitude tests of each set of twins.Among the2-year-olds from wealthier families, identical twins had much more similar test scores than fraternal twins,who share only half of their genes.However,among2-year-olds from poorer families,identical twins scored no more similar to one another than did fraternal twins.The implication is that children’s genetic potential is subdued8by poverty, though the study stopped short of drawing a scientific conclusion as to what specifically was causing the achievement gaps.Researchers did postulate9that, generally speaking,poorer parents may not have the time or resources to spend playing with their children in stimulating ways.1.attainment/??te?nm?nt/n.达到；成就，造诣2.take root⽣根；开始；建⽴3.fraternal/fr??t??nl/adj.兄弟般的，亲如⼿⾜的4.identical/a??dent?kl/adj.同⼀的，完全相同的5.aptitude/??pt?tju?d/n.天资，天赋6.cognitive/?k?ɡn?t?v/adj.认知的，认识的7.disprove/d?s?pru?v/vt.证明……是错的8.subdue/s?b?dju?/vt.征服；抑制，克制9.postulate/?p?stj?le?t/v.假定，假设Passage8More Than Meets the Mirror：Illusion1Test Links Difficulty Sensing InternalCues2with Distorted3Body-Image(2011.1.4Scientific America)[457words]With all of the New Year’s diet ads claiming you canlose dozens of pounds in seemingly as many days,youprobably are not alone if you looked in the mirror thismorning and saw a less than ideal body.Or maybe you justpicked up a new magazine in which already thin modelshave their remaining flesh scavenged4by Photoshop to make them appear even slimmer.With all of these unrealistic promises and images,it can be hard to gain an accurate sense of one’s own body.But the disjunction5for some people might go deeper than manipulated5photos.A new study shows that the way people perceive their external7appearance is likely linked to how they experience their bodies internally.Researchers found that people who had greater difficulties sensing their own internal bodily states were also more likely to be fooled into believing a rubber hand was part of their own bodies. These results,published online in the issue of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,may one day help scientists understand how body image can become so distorted in disorders like body dysmorphia8and anorexia nervosa9,says lead author Manos Tsakiris of Royal Holloway,University of London.“The sense of self is built up from a representation of internal states,”says Hugo Critchley,a professor of psychiatry at the University of Sussex in England who was not involved with the study.“This paper is showing that sensitivity of individuals to their internal state predicts the strength of their self-representation.”Most of the time,the image someone has of their body is pretty close to its external appearance.You may see your thighs10as slightly bigger than they actually are,or your arm muscles as slightly smaller,but the discrepancy11is usually minimal12.In some mental disorders,however,body image can become dramatically distorted.Those who suffer from body dysmorphic disorder think that parts of their bodies are malformed13or grotesque14,even when these supposed flaws are not noticeable to others.In eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa patients continue to think they need to lose weight even as their bodies waste away.Crucial to the formation of body image—pathological15and otherwise—is the integration of external and internal cues.What we see in the mirror and what we feel against our skin melds with16our own internal awareness of our bodies to create an overarching17body image.Scientists have historically focused on how external factors like magazines and fashion models affect the creation of an accurate body image.Tsakiris and his colleagues,however,hypothesized that a person’s internal awareness of his or her body,known as interoceptive18awareness,was also related to the creation of an accurate body image.1.illusion/??ljun/n.错觉，幻觉；假象2.cue/kju?/n.提⽰；暗⽰,暗号3.distorted/d?s?t??t?d/adj.变形的，扭曲的；歪曲的，曲解的4.scavenge/?sk?v?n?/v.（从废弃物中）觅⾷，捡破烂；吃（动物⼫体）5.disjunction/d?sk??n/n.分离，分裂6.manipulate/m??n?pj?le?t/vt.控制，操纵；操作，使⽤；正⾻7.external/?k?st??nl/adj.外部的，外⾯的；外界的，外来的；对外的8.dysmorphia/d?s?m??f??/n.[医]畸形,变形9.anorexia nervosa神经性厌⾷症10.thigh /θa?/n.股，⼤腿11.discrepancy/d?s?krep?ns?/n.差异，不符合，不⼀致12.minimal/?m?n?m?l/adj.极⼩的，极少的，最⼩的13.malformed/?m?l?f??md/adj.畸形的14.grotesque/ɡrtesk/adj.怪诞的，荒唐的；奇形怪状的15.pathological/?p?θ??lkl/adj.不理智的，⽆道理的；病态的；病理学的16.meld with与……融合；与……合并17.overarching/v?r?ɑ?t/adj.⾮常重要的，⾸要的18.interoceptive /??nt?r?u?sept?v/adj.内感受(器)的Passage9The Tussle1for Talent（2011.1.6The Economist）[432words]Plato believed that men are divided into three classes:gold,silver and bronze.Vilfredo Pareto,an Italianeconomist,argued that“the vital2few”account for mostprogress.Such sentiments are taboo today in public life.Politicians talk of a“leadership class”or“the vital few”attheir peril3.Schools abhor4picking winners.Universities welcome the masses:more people now teach at British ones than attended them in the 1950s.In the private sector5things could hardly be more different.The world’s best companies struggle relentlessly6to find and keep the vital few.They offer them fat pay packets,extra training,powerful mentors7and more challenging assignments.If anything,businesses are becoming more obsessed with ability.This is partly cyclical8.Deloitte and other consultancies have noticed that as the economy begins to recover,companies are trying harder to nurture raw talent,or to poach9it from their rivals.When new opportunities arise,they hope to have the brainpower to seize them.The acceleration of the tussle for talent is also structural, however.Private-equity firms rely heavilyon a few stars.High-tech firms,for all their sartorial10egalitarianism11,are ruthless12about recruiting the brightest.Firms in emerging markets are desperate to find high-flyer13s—the younger the better—who can cope with rapid growth and fast-changing environments.Successful companies make sure that senior managers are involved with“talentdevelopment”.Jack Welch and /doc/2e5e0328482fb4daa58d4b15.html fley,former bosses of GE and P&G,claimed that they spent40%of their time on personnel.Andy Grove,who ran Intel,a chipmaker14,obliged all the senior people,including himself,to spend at least a week a year teaching high-flyers.Nitin Paranjpe,the boss of Hindustan Unilever,recruits people from campuses and regularly visits high-flyers in their offices.Involving the company’s top brass15in the process prevents lower-level managers from monopolising16high-flyers(and taking credit for their triumphs).It also creates a dialogue between established and future leaders.Successful companies also integrate talent development with their broader strategy.This ensures that companies are more than the sum of their parts.Adrian Dillon,a former chief financial officer of Agilent,a firm that makes high-tech measuring devices,says he would rather build a“repertory17company”than a “collection of world experts”.P&G likes its managers to be both innovative and worldly:they cannot rise to the top without running operations in a country and managing a product globally.Agilent and Novartis like to turn specialists into general managers.Goodyear replaced23of its24senior managers in two years as it shifted from selling tyres to carmakers to selling them to motorists.1.tussle/t?sl/n.扭打；争论；争⽃；奋⽃2.vita l/?va?tl/adj.⽣命的；充满活⼒的；⽣死攸关的；极其重要的3.peril/?per?l/n.严重危险；祸害，险情4.abhor/?b?h??/vt.痛恨，憎恶5.sector/?sekt?/n.[数]扇形；两脚规；部分；部门6.relentlessly/r??lentl?sl?/adv.残酷地，⽆情地；不停地，不减弱地7.mentor /?men?t??/n.私⼈教师，辅导教师；良师益友8.cyclical/?sa?kl?kl/adj.周期的，循环的9.poach/p??t?/vt.⽔煮；偷猎；盗⽤，挖⾛（⼈员）10.sartorial/sɑ??t??r??l/adj.服装的，男装的，⾐着的11.egalitarianism/??ɡ?l??te?r??n?z?m/n.平等主义，平均主义12.ruthless/?ru?θl?s/adj.⽆情的，冷酷的;残忍的13.high-flyer/?ha?fla??/n.抱负极⾼的⼈；有野⼼的⼈14.chipmaker/?t??p?me?k?/n.集成块制造者；半导体(元件)制造商15.top brass要员16.monopolise/m??n?p?la?z/vt.垄断，独占；占去（⼤部分时间、精⼒），霸占17.repertory/?rep?tr?/n.保留剧⽬轮演Passage10What Is a Medically Induced Coma1and Why Is It Used?（2011.1.10Scientific America）[497words]Basically what happens with a medically induced。

托福阅读tpo33R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识

托福阅读tpo33R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识原文Railroads and Commercial Agriculture In Nineteenth-Century United States①By1850the United States possessed roughly9,000miles of railroad track;ten years later it had over30,000miles,more than the rest of the world combined. Much of the new construction during the1850s occurred west of the Appalachian Mountains–over2,000miles in the states of Ohio and Illinois alone.②The effect of the new railroad lines rippled outward through the economy. Farmers along the tracks began to specialize in crops that they could market in distant locations.With their profits they purchased manufactured goods that earlier they might have made at home.Before the railroad reached Tennessee,the state produced about25,000bushels(or640tons)of wheat,which sold for less than50cents a bushel.Once the railroad came,farmers in the same counties grew 400,000bushels(over10,000tons)and sold their crop at a dollar a bushel.③The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western trade.In1840most northwestern grain was shipped south down the Mississippi River to the bustling port of New Orleans.But low water made steamboat travel hazardous in summer, and ice shut down traffic in winter.Products such as lard,tallow,and cheese quickly spoiled if stored in New Orleans’hot and humid warehouses.Increasingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east,over the new rail lines.Chicago became the region’s hub,linking the farms of the upper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities by more than2,000miles of track in1855.Thus while the value of goods shipped by river to New Orleans continued to increase,the South’s overall share of western trade dropped dramatically.④A sharp rise in demand for grain abroad also encouraged farmers in the Northeast and Midwest to become more commercially oriented.Wheat,which in 1845commanded$1.08a bushel in New York City,fetched$2.46in1855;in similar fashion the price of corn nearly doubled.Farmers responded by specializing in cash crops,borrowing to purchase more land,and investing in equipment to increase productivity.⑤As railroad lines fanned out from Chicago,farmers began to acquire open prairie land in Illinois and then Iowa,putting the fertile,deep black soil into production. Commercial agriculture transformed this remarkable treeless environment.To settlers accustomed to eastern woodlands,the thousands of square miles of tall grass were an awesome sight.Indian grass,Canada wild rye,and native big bluestem all grew higher than a person.Because eastern plows could not penetrate the densely tangled roots of prairie grass,the earliest settlers erected farms along the boundary separating the forest from the prairie.In1837,however, John Deere patented a sharp-cutting steel plow that sliced through the sod without soil sticking to the blade.Cyrus McCormick refined a mechanical reaper that harvested fourteen times more wheat with the same amount of labor.By the 1850s McCormick was selling1,000reapers a year and could not keep up with demand,while Deere turned out10,000plows annually.⑥The new commercial farming fundamentally altered the Midwestern landscape and the environment.Native Americans had grown corn in the region for years,but never in such large fields as did later settlers who became farmers,whose surpluses were shipped east.Prairie farmers also introduced new crops that were not part of the earlier ecological system,notably wheat,along with fruits and vegetables.⑦Native grasses were replaced by a small number of plants cultivated as commodities.Corn had the best yields,but it was primarily used to feed livestock. Because bread played a key role in the American and European diet,wheat became the major cash crop.Tame grasses replaced native grasses in pastures for making hay.⑧Western farmers altered the landscape by reducing the annual fires that had kept the prairie free from trees.In the absence of these fires,trees reappeared on land not in cultivation and,if undisturbed,eventually formed woodlots.The earlier unbroken landscape gave way to independent farms,each fenced off in a precise checkerboard pattern.It was an artificial ecosystem of animals,woodlots,and crops,whose large,uniform layout made western farms more efficient than the more-irregular farms in the East.译文十九世纪的美国铁路和商贸农业①到1850年，美国拥有大约9000英里的铁路；十年后，美国铁路变成了30,000多英里，超过了世界其他地区所有铁路的总和。

2020中考英语时文阅读新冠病毒疫情相关带答案

最新英语中考 3.4月份疫情相关时政阅读整理（二）一、任务型阅读（文章节选于China Daily ）Zhang Jingjing, 33, was passionate （热衷于）about helping others. She worked for two months with COVID-19 patients as part of a medical team from Shandong province that had been assigned to Huanggang, Hubei province.张最近刚完成任务，回到山东。

She entered 14 days of routine quarantine（检疫）in shandong. She tested negative for the coronavirus three times.But on Sunday morning, just before the end of her quarantine, Zhang had a heart attack. She died on Monday. Zhang's husband, Han Wentao, was in Sierra Leone, West Africa, working on construction projects there. They have a 5-year-old daughter.When Han learned of his wife's heart attack, he tried to return to China quickly. But flights had been suspended because of the pandemic.Zhang was in the first group of 138 medical professionals who traveled to Hubei on Jan 25 to help treat COVID-19 patients.She was hailed by her patients as "a beam of light in the dark night" the Hubei Health Commission said in a notice published late Monday on its website.It also expressed its condolences to her family. The commission was joined in expressions of sadness online by a large number of Chinese netizens.1. 将文中划线的句子翻译成汉语。

时文阅读中考版

时文阅读中考版全世界的科学家都在加速进行针对新冠病毒疫苗的研发工作，虽然已经取得一些进展，但离疫苗的正常使用还有很长一段时间。

文章介绍了开发一种安全疫苗所需要的时间，测试过程的重要性以及生产疫苗所需的费用等。

Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines(疫苗) to helpprotect people against the novel coronavirus(新冠病毒). They are making progress，but it will be quite a while before anyvaccines are ready.There are many different ways to make vaccines. At least 115 different vaccinesfor the novel coronavirus are being developed around the world right now. Many ofthem may not work or may have side effects that can be dangerous.That is whytesting is very important.Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans，it's first tested on animals to makesure it seems safe.Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases.In Phase 1, a small group of people are given small amounts of the vaccine to see if ithas any bad effects. Phase 2 still tests the vaccine's safety, but it's mainly a test to seeif the vaccine seems to work.If Phase 2 goes well, the vaccine can begin Phase 3.During Phase 3, the vaccine is tried on a much larger group of people to see how wellit works.Because of the serious and worldwide influence of the novelcoronavirus, there ishuge pressure to develop a working vaccine quickly. It normally takes seven or moreyears to develop a safe vaccine that works well. Now drug companies are hoping tocreate working vaccines in 12 or 18 months.But health experts also warn that rushing too much could be dangerous. A vaccinewith harmful effects could cause more problems than it solves.1.According to the passage，the scientists who are making vaccines are- hard-working and carefulB.patient and easy-goingC.kind and curiousD.caring and brave2.How long does it take to create working vaccines in the usualway?A.Less than six years.B.More than ten years.C.Twelve to eighteen months.D.About seven years.3.What's the meaning of the underlined word?A.阶段B.方面C.实验D.治疗4.Which of the following is TRUE?A.There are only three phases in testing vaccines.B.Working vaccinesmust be created in a short time.C.Vaccines have already been developed.D.Rushing too quickly in creating vaccines may bring more problems.5.What's the best title of the passage?A.Rush for a vaccineB.Fight against the diseaseC.Protect people against the virusD.Create working vaccines答案:ADADA。

考研英语二(阅读)模拟试卷33(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷33(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. 阅读理解阅读理解Boys and girls used to grow up and set aside their childish pursuits. Not anymore. These days, men and women hold on to their inner kid. They live with their parents far longer than previous generations. They’re getting married later. Even when they have kids, moms and dads download pop songs for their cell phone ringtones, play video games, watch cartoons, and indulge in foods from their childhood. Christopher Noxon explores this Peter Pan culture in his new book, Rejuvenile: Kickball, Cartoons, Cupcakes, and the Reinvention of the American Grownup. For rejuveniles today, all roads lead back to Peter Pan and the turn of the twentieth century. The natural capacities of children, which for centuries had been viewed as weak and obstinate were over the course of these few years discovered as a primary source of inspiration and profit. It would be another century before the rejuvenile rebellion we know today, but resistance to what historian Woody Register calls “the weakening prudence, restraint and solemnity of growing up” began here, with the first flight of Pan and the dawn of the twentieth century. The temptation today is to think of adulthood as a historic and natural fact. In a 2004 essay on “The Perpetual Adolescent,” Joseph Epstein wrote that adulthood was treated as the “lengthiest and most earnest part of life, where everything serious happened.”To stray outside the defined boundaries of adulthood, he wrote, was “to go against what was natural and thereby to appear inappropriate, to put one’s world somehow out of joint.” Before the Industrial Revolution, no one thought much about adulthood, and even less about childhood. In sixteenth-century Europe, for instance, “children shared the same games with adults, the same toys, and the same fairy stories. They lived their lives together, never apart,” notes historian J.H. Plumb. This shouldn’t suggest that people in the past didn’t distinguish between kids and grown-ups. Of course they did. The distinction forms the basis of rites of passage that are as old as human history. A-mazonian initiation rites, Jewish Bar and Bat Mitzvahs, Christian confirmations—all serve the same basic function: to formally announce the end of childhood and the assumption of new duties and freedoms. It’s a mistake, though, to confuse maturity with adulthood. The maturity celebrated in traditional rites of passage is not the same thing as the idea of adulthood hatched a century ago by a group of Victorian clergymen and society ladies. Maturity is old. “Adulthood” is new.1．According to the passage, Peter Pan culture is probably a phenomenon that A．people cast away their childish pursuits once they grow up.B．people indulge in foods and games from their childhood.C．people still act in a childish way when they are adults.D．people hang on to their adult interests and attitudes.正确答案：C解析：事实细节题。

英语时文阅读(考研或六级备战)

Ailing Father Finds 'New Dads' for His Young DaughtersUntil that day in 2008 when he was diagnosed with a potentially fatal bone cancer, Bruce Feiler had been living a seemingly charmed life. He was a bestselling author of numerous books. He had a loving marriage and twin three-year-old girls. His doctor's sudden bad news left him stunned."You imagine all the ballet recitals you're not going to see, the walks you're not going to take, [and] the boyfriends you are not going to scowl at, and the things they would wonder about me," Feiler recalls. "Would [my girls] wonder who I was [if I died]? Would they wonder what I thought? Would they yearn for my approval, my discipline, my voice?" Three days later, Feiler awoke before dawn with a big idea: he would assemble a group of trusted men to serve as surrogate fathers after his death. His new book, The Council of Dads: My Daughters, My Illness and the Men Who Could Be Me, recalls that moment:“I started making a list of six men from all parts of my life, beginning when I was a child and stretching through today. These are the men who know me best, the men who share my values, men who traveled with me, studied with me, have been though pain and happiness with me, men who know my voice…" Feiler's wife Linda embraced the idea, and together, they devised some guidelines for whom to ask. For example, they agreed that Council members should be friends, not family, and that they should be men. And each man should embody some key aspect of Feiler himself.Feiler made his first request to Jeff Shumlin, a Vermont farmer. The two became friends just after high school while on a student exchange program in Europe. Feiler wanted Shumlin on his Council of Dads because then as now, he was an adventurer who always said "yes" to life.When Shumlin agreed to his friend's request, Feiler asked him what piece of advice he would give to his girls as they got older. "And he [Shumlin] said 'Be a traveler, not a tourist and approach your trip as a young child might approach a mud puddle. You can bend over and look at your reflection, or you can jump in thrash around, see it what it feels like, what it smells like. I want to see you back at the end of this trip covered in mud!'" Other dads in Feiler's Council of Dads include Ben, an intellectual skeptic who would invite the girls to be relentless in their pursuit of truth and "live the questions," and another buddy, also named Ben, who believes in the power of friendship.David Black, the literary agent and close personal friend who helped Feiler get published back when he was an unknown writer, also made the cut.Black says the role Feiler asked him to assume was a natural fit. "I work to help people's dreams come true," he recalls in his busy Manhattan office. "That's in part what Bruce asked of me, to be a member of the Council."Black, who is a father himself, adds that the Council of Dads has turned out to be about more than just a community of support for Feiler's daughters. It has also been about creating a community of men who can support each other. "Men are not given in our society enough opportunity to be drawn together in something where their love and support is the foundation. That's not what men [are supposed to] do,” he says.Black adds that typically, American men play or watch sports together, drink together and compete. "[But] this [council] is not about competition. This allows the nurturing element of these men, of the six of us, to be at the forefront of the relationship. And that's different."Bruce Feiler points out that when dads support other dads, they can share their experience, their strengths and their wisdom, and that when they do, it's the children who benefit most. "Being a dad is often very lonely," he says, "And one of the things I feel is I am no longer alone, that the Council of Dads is in every room with me and making every decision with me." The medical crisis that led Feiler to reach out to the other fathers has passed. Today, Feiler is cancer-free. But he says his idea has caught on, and he believes that his book, The Council of Dads, and the website is inspiring similar groups to form wherever dads seek strength in the fellowship of fathers.Leaders of the Group of 20 meeting in Toronto, Canada have agreed that the world's most advanced industrialized countries should reduce their budget deficits by half within three years, with further steps to cut debt relative to economic output by 2016.The G20, which includes major industrialized powers in the Group of Eight plus deve loping nations with significant economies such as China and India, agreed to a specific time line for deficit reduction, while giving governments flexibility to adjust the pace of changes based on their own situations.A plan promoted by host Canada will have the most advanced countries cut their budget deficits in half by 2013. By 2016, governments would be required to stabilize or begin reducing the percentage of their debt as measured against total gross domestic product, the value of all goods and services produced in a given country.Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper, who in opening the summit said nations are walking an economic "tightrope," noted that the G20 declaration leaves room for continuing stimulus measures and steps to bring down debt."All leaders recognize that fiscal consolidation is not an end in itself," he said. "There will be a continued role for ongoing stimulus in the short-term as we develop the framework for strong, sustainable and balanced growth."The declaration calls recovery so far from the global economic crisis uneven and fragile, with unemployment at unacceptable levels in many countries. It says unprecedented and globally coordinated fiscal and monetary stimulus is play ing a major role in helping to restore private demand and lending.Saying serious challenges remain, G20 leaders recognize the risks to recovery from fiscal adjustment across several major economies. But they add that failure to implement fiscal consolidation where it is needed could undermine confidence and hamper growth. President Barack Obama and other U.S. officials argued strongly at the summit against any early slowing of stimulus spending by governments, saying that it might bring about a second global recession.In his concluding news conference, the president was asked about divisions on this issue. He said the declaration reflects policies that the United States has promoted and addresses a range of needs."In each country, what we have to recognize is that the recovery is still fragile, that we still have more work to do to make this recovery durable," he said. "But we also have to recognize that if markets are skittish and don't have confidence that we can tackle the tough problems of our medium- and long-term debt and deficits, then that also is going to undermine our recovery."The president said the declaration shows that G20 nations can bridge their differences and coordinate approaches while continuing to focus on durable growth that puts people to work and broadens prosperity.The G20 declaration recognizes U.S. concerns, say ing that sustaining economic recovery requires nations to follow through on delivering existing stimulus plans, while working to create the conditions for robust private demand.On other key issues, European nations such as Britain, France and Germany failed to win G20 agreement for new taxes on banks as part of efforts to discourage excessiverisk-taking that could lead to another financial crisis. The declaration leaves such a tax up to individual members.G20 nations pledge a medium-term phase out of what they call inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, although this would take into account what they call vulnerable groups and their development needs.Where the world's poorest countries are concerned, the G20 says that narrowing the development gap and reducing poverty are integral to a broader objective of achieving strong, sustainable and balanced growth.At the last of bilateral meetings at the G20, Mr. Obama met on Sunday with Indonesia's President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Japan's Prime Minister Naoto Kan.President Obama discussed the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership, and joint efforts on climate change. Mr. Obama said he looks forward to his trip to India in November. Prime Minister Singh called President Obama a "role model for billions and billions of people" around the world.After the G20, President Obama returns to Washington, where he will be waiting for Congress to give final approval to legislation that will impose sweeping new regulations on the U.S. financial system.G20 leaders say they look forward to their next meetings - in Seoul, South Korea in November, and next year in France. Mexico assumes the G20 chairmanship in 2012.Maternal Mortality Rates in New York Rival Developing CountriesA report released by New York City's health department says the percentage of women who die in pregnancy and childbirth in the New York metro area is double that of the national average. Health officials in New York say the maternal mortality rate in the United States itself rivals that of poorer developed countries like Singapore and Ireland. Dr. Jo Boufford, president of the New York Academy of Medicine, which sponsored the maternal mortality conference where the report was released, says the developed and the developing worlds tend to promote different strategies to fight maternal death. And she says while both approaches have merits, each alone is only partiallyeffective. 、"The difference is the developing countries have focused on public health, prevention and primary and prenatal care in the area of maternal mortality," says Boufford. "And their struggle and barrier is having an adequate health workforce and facilities for the kind of high-tech things that happen to mothers that are at risk …"In contrast, Boufford says developed nations have excellent medical technology."But we have a rather poorly developed system of good primary care and prenatal care," she continues. "And our problem is connecting the prenatal care with the delivery site, making sure the information about a patient travels with that patient when they go into labor and go to the hospital. So we can deal with the high-tech and the crisis. Our problem is we're not focusing upstream on the prevention and the primary care, and the developing countries are just the opposite." Maternal mortality in America is particularly high in New York City, where extremes of wealth and poverty abound, says Deborah Kaplan, who oversees the Bureau of Maternal, Infant and Reproductive Health for New York City's health department. The department analyzed the causes of 161 maternal deaths in New York between 2001 and 2005. The study found that half the women who died were obese and that 56 percent had a chronic illness, such as high blood pressure, heart disease or asthma. Black women were seven times more likely to suffer a pregnancy-related death compared to white women. "And we think the issue for black women is they are more likely to be obese and have chronic illnesses, like high bloodpressure, which put you at higher risk for complications during pregnancy," says Kaplan. "Black women, who are more likely to be uninsured, are living in communities where there is limited access to the healthy foods and exercise and activity that is necessary from childhood on to reduce the likelihood of obesity and chronic illnesses." Kaplan's agency is redoubling its efforts to identify obese women early in their pregnancies and to make sure their health care providers treat them as high-risk patients. It also is issuing health alerts to hospital delivery wards to diminish the risk of death in childbirth due to hemorrhage, which is more likely among obese moms. "We recommended hemorrhage drills just like fire drills. For an event that doesn't happen very often, people need to practice. That's on the clinical end. On the bigger environmental end, our agency is involved in many areas related to obesity prevention that look at increasing access to healthy foods in the community. It's about raising awareness and engaging people in the community so that they are part of this work, so they can prevent obesity and chronic illness that can lead to maternal death," says Kaplan. To promote change at the grassroots level, the city is building coalitions that bring together community and government agencies. It also is encouraging leaders at faith-based communities to educate their congregations about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle. "We work to promote breast feeding to prevent childhood obesity, which is where it all begins in terms of child health," says Kaplan. "We work with schools to get unhealthy foods out of the schools and … promote health foods within the school environment. And we work with parents and community residents to really understand why this is so important, and for them to hopefully demand these healthy foods and places to exercise in their own communities." Dr. Boufford says that the medical community also must examine its practices. For example, there may be a correlation between maternal mortality and Caesarean births, or so-called "C-Sections," which are performed in nearly half of all deliveries in some New York hospitals. The report, released Friday, found that 79 percent of New York women who died in childbirth had undergone the procedure. "Now, that may be because they are sicker and they needed it, and C-Sections certainly save lives," says Boufford. "There is no question about that. But we need to understand much more about that. And I think the comfort with technology may have gotten ahead of what may be the best in terms of the management of the patient."Government health departments nationwide are studying new strategies to protect maternal and child health, such as those outlined by the United Nations Millennium Goals,which calls for education, economic development and community empowerment to save lives and eliminate preventable suffering.In the United States, Britain and Japan, Apple's iPhone has reached celerity status. Customers lined up for hours for Apple's newest phone, the iPhone 4. Alex Lee lives in Dubai, but traveled to London for his phone. "The reason why we want to come to this one is because we really want this phone," he said.The iPhone 4 is faster, thinner, has a longer battery life, and it features video calling. Apple is not the only company that makes so-called smartphones that allow users to access the Internet. But loyal customers say its simplicity makes the iPhone stand out."The user friendliness on the IPhone is unbelievable. It's like even a layman can use it," said one man.By the end of July, Apple says the iPhone 4 will be available in 18 additional countries. By the end of September, in 88 countries worldwide.But technology expert Rob Atkinson says smartphones will most like ly not be widely used in many developing nations because of their cost, and the cost of connected on-line data plans. "So I don't think we're going to see a lot of deployment in a region or continent like Africa. You might see some among the smaller groups of higher income users there but what I do think you will see is growth in countries in places like Latin America," he said. Atkinson says countries with a growing middle class will embrace smartphones much faster. "In developing countries, that's going to be a longer process where you'll have perhaps business people, farmers, small business people, professionals who will be the first adopters - the doctors, government officials - and then it will slowly as you get more apps (applications) slowly permeate out probably," he said.Atkinson says Apple's iPhone faces growing competition from other companies, such as Google, that make their own smartphones. With competition, experts expect prices to drop, making smartphones much more accessible to consumers around the world.Romanian Girl Gets Life-Altering SurgeryThis may look like a normal fitting for eyeglasses. But for this 12-year old Romanian girl, it's monumental. "She was different than other children and people behaved differently as well," said her father, Peter Nemethi.At first, Andrea Nemethi's face wasn't flat enough for glasses. A rare tumor behind her right eyeball swelled so much, the tumor and eyeball protruded from the socket."To give you an idea, I think the tumor was, maybe, probably bigger than most orangesthat you see, maybe like two oranges," said Doctor Aaron Fay, a surgeon at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. "You know, it was a pretty big thing and certainly much too big to fit inside an eye socket." The tumor was discovered in 2002, when Andrea was 4 years old. Although it was benign, doctors in Romania delivered grim news.The family was told it was inoperable.At school, the bulging tumor made Andrea self-conscious and shy. One of her teachers reached out to foreign doctors for help. Camille Condon, Director of International Programs at Massachusetts Eye and Ear, received the request just one week after this man died. Ray Tye was a Boston philanthropist who was dedicated to helping children get the surgeries they needed, by paying for them."His passion came from his son who died, I believe of cancer," said Condon. "And he was devastated that all the money in the world couldn't save his son, and therefore, for his son, he was going to save other lives." The hospital decided to memorialize Tye by performing a surgery he would have supported. They chose Andrea.Dr. Fay, operating for seven hours, was able to save Andrea's eyelid, eye muscles and socket. He removed the tumor and Andrea's eye. Camelia Rosca, Andrea's host in Boston, says coming to America has transformed the young girl and her family. "When you see people care about your child's life, it's been tremendous for the family and for Andrea," said Rosca. "She now behaves just like any pre-teenage girl."The pre-teen now feels better about herself. Andrea needs two more procedures before she heads home. When she goes back to Romania, she says she'll never forget the kindness of strangers. They too are transformed. "You know it's quite an emotional experience for me," added Dr. Fay. Those former strangers say Andrea won a place in their hearts.Strikes Highlight China's Growing Industrial UnrestOngoing industrial unrest by factory workers in China about low pay and poor working conditions point to the emergence of an influential labor movement in the world'smost-populous country.This week, it was the Toyota workers who laid down tools and demanded higher pay. They follow workers at Honda who went out on strike and eventually received double-digit pay increases.And, the spate of suicides at the Foxconn plant in southern China also helped focus attention on wages and conditions in Chinese factories. The scenes of striking workers at factory gates have become a regular sight in the past month.The industrial unrest for higher pay in China poses two major questions: Does it signal the start of new era of industrial unrest and the rise of militant unionism? And, does it spell the end of cheap labor in China?Independent labor unions have long been banned in China. The official Communist Party-controlled All-China Federation of Trade Unions has sent in officials to mediate in many of the strikes. But many workers dismiss the federation as useless. Others claim union officials have used violence and other intimidation tactics to force them back to work.Although there is mounting evidence to suggest workers are becoming more organized and sophisticated at collective bargaining for improved welfare, it is unlikely the government would ever allow the situation to get out of hand.Geoffrey Crothall of the Hong-Kong based China Labor Bulletin says the strikes are tolerated because they are private disputes between factory workers and factory bosses. "The government is reasonably tolerant of labor disputes because they are disputes between management and workers. They are not a political threat and should be dealt with on a case-by-case basis," said Crothall.The strikes have mainly hit foreign companies. This is causing problems for those manufacturers that shifted production to China to take advantage of lower labor costs and to cash in on the potential consumer market.But, as factory bosses are forced to offer higher pay to prevent strikes, what does this mean for the faltering global economy?The West has relied on cheap goods from China to help fuel the boom times of the past two decades. Now, it is rely ing on China's cheap labor and the emergence of a consumer culture to help claw the world out of the financial crisis. But some economists say the higher wages will not affect China's competitiveness, in the long term, as companies are likely to move inland to tap cheaper labor markets.Economist Vincent Chan from Credit Suisse in Hong Kong believes the main problem for the government is to manage expectations of the second generation of migrant workers who form the back bone of China's success. And, he says this means the government will have to consider greater social services so as to keep these increasingly demanding workers content."It's about growing expectations. People's expectations have changed," explained Chan. "The first generation of migrant workers didn't mind living in cities. They did not mind doing overtime to earn more money to build a home back in their home village. But for this new generation of migrant workers - no way. So there are different expectations which potentially mean the government, particularly at local level, will need to providemore services to them to incorporate them into becoming urban citizens.And, that will hurt the budget."And with increased salaries, Chinese should purchase more, helping restore parity in trade surpluses on global markets.World Bank economist Louis Kuijs says he is not too concerned by strikes and says he does not see any signs that the industrial unrest will become a major problem for either social stability or for the Chinese and global economies."Wage increases in one particular factory, no matter how large, are unlikely to be representative of what's going on in the rest of the country," said Kuijs. "What we are seeing China is that wages are gradually converging to those levels in the U.S. and Europe, but this convergence is going to take a very long time."The China Labor Bulletin's Geoffrey Crothall says the main legacy of the strikes is the media attention outside of China."Labor conditions in China are getting prominent coverage in the mainstream international media," noted Crothall. "So, clearly, more and more people in the West are becoming aware of conditions in Chinese factories. And, this could help put pressure on international brands to ensure those workers are treated properly and paid a decent wage."With millions of Chinese willing to work, the country's remarkable growth looks set to continue to see more and more Chinese leav ing their fields for a better paid job in the factories and a modern life in the cities. What is becoming clear however, is that Chinese workers are expecting more for their hard work. And, government officials and factory bosses, especially those who run international companies, have to address these rising expectations.UN Eight Percent of Afghan Population Add icted to DrugsA United Nations study released Wednesday says drug use is increasing in the developing word, and a report released earlier this week showed particular problems in Afghanistan, the world's largest opium producer. The U.N. says nearly 8 percent of Afghanistan's population suffers some form of addiction, and many of those using drugs are children.The U.N. study finds nearly one million Afghans between 15 and 64 years old are suffering from some form of drug addiction. That's roughly 8 percent of the war-torn country'spopulation. Over a four year period, the number of regular opium users jumped 53 percent. And the number of regular heroin users jumped a staggering 140 percent."What we are seeing here is another demonstration -- the availability of drugs generates its own addiction," said Antonio Maria Costa, who is with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.Another disturbing statistic, nearly 50 percent of adult drug users in Afghanistan's north and south gave opium to their children, an indication, Costa says, that a generation of Afghan children are at risk.Jason Campbell, with the Rand Corporation, a think tank in suburban Washington, says Afghan and international officials must tackle both the source and the consequences of the nation's drug problem. "First, is to continue to stress the importance of trying to grow alternative crops. As far as addiction goes, start looking more, again, at some of the treatment opportunities, options, because they seem to be largely non-existent right now," he said.Campbell says Afghan and world leaders must look at the socio-economic factors fueling drug use. "The study alludes to things such as hopelessness, the lack of medical care. These are all things that you know if your people have something to live for, the economy starts getting stronger, they start having access to basic medical care, they are going to be overall less likely to turn to drugs," he said.One major problem: some 700,000 Afghans have no access to drug treatment. Only 10 percent have received treatment. Ninety percent of those surveyed felt they needed help. Campbell says an aggressive approach used to combat drug use among Afghan security and police forces might work elsewhere. "Over the last few months, there have been a number of training centers open that are exclusively for members of both the Afghan National Army and the Afghan national police force, and I would say that drug usage and illiteracy are two of the big problems within the security forces that NATO has really made a big priority now. What remains to be seen is whether this will have a long-term effect, positive effect on the security forces, and maybe are there ways we can replicate some of these treatment programs to be more inclusive of the general public," he said. Campbell says Afghanistan's drug problem will take decades to tackle. And it won't go away until the Afghan people understand how it directly affects them."You look at a lot of interviews with farmers and they basically say 'Look, I grow the o pium. Someone collects it. I get paid and I get to feed my family.' To them, for the most part, that drug goes out internationally, to the West and it really doesn't have a personalconnection to them. But as you said, if you start seeing people in your v illage, and even relatives, succumb to addiction, that might again help to make them more receptive to trying to grow these other crops that are a better part of forming a stronger society," he said.In the meantime, the social costs to Afghanistan's population are rising. The U.N. says they include loss of productivity and family income, as well as violence, security problems and traffic and workplace accidents.Vampire Fights for Girlfriend in 'The Twilight Saga: Eclipse'any film can rival（与…竞争）the World Cup in terms of anticipation by a global legion of fans, it is the new, third installment in the romance of teenager Bella and her beloved, ageless vampire, Edward. Here's a look at The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. (日、月)食"It's starting."It actually started a couple of years ago with the first film adapted from the wildly popular Twilight romance novels written by Stephanie Meyer. The saga continued last year with New Moon, and now in Eclipse, headstrong high school student Bella Swan affirms her love for classmate Edward Cullen, a soulful（深情的）and very pale teenager. Of course, Edward is really more than a century old, but, as a vampire, he remains eternally（永恒的）young. As if that were not enough of an obstacle to their relationship, there is also her lifelong best friend, Jacob Black. Not only is he jealous, he is also a werewolf, sworn enemy to all vampires.The rising tensions between Edward and Jacob must wait, however, because a bigger threat is descending on their mountainside town of Forks, Washington."Someone is creating an army.""An army of vampires?""They are coming here."The approaching danger forces an uneasy alliance between the wolves and the undead. "They're after Bella? What the hell does this mean?""It means an ugly fight with lives lost.""All right, we're in."Taylor Lautner co-stars again as werewolf Jacob and the now 18-year-old says he has grown along with the character."Jacob definitely matures quite a bit because he has been dealing with his new self now, he has come to know his new self and the situation he has been put in - romantic-wise and a lot of stuff," Lautner explains. "He deals with a lot. He becomes frustrated in this one a little bit because he gets this close all the time and then gets told 'no' over and over again. So it's quite a bummer碰撞, but he's persistent."Robert Pattinson is Edward and the English-born actor likes the freedom this latest film gives him to go deeper into the character and his predicament.困境"His flaws, I think, in the first two movies …earlier on the story …were caused by his dislocation from reality," Pattinson says. "So when he finds one thing to hold onto, that's。

中考英语复习阅读理解33(含解析)

2015届中考英语复习阅读理解33（含解析）One day Jack met his good friend Sue in the park. A dog was looking up at the woman beside her.Jack walked up to Sue and said, “Hello, how are you? May I sit and talk with you for a moment?”“Of course, please sit down，” Sue said. Jack sat down next to Sue on the bench, and they talked quietly together. The dog continued to look up at Sue: as if(似乎）waiting to be given some food."That's a nice dog, isn't he?” Jack said, pointing at the animal.“Yes, he is. He's handsome. He's strong and healthy.”“And hungry/’ Jack said. “He hasn't taken his eyes off you. He thinks you’ve got some food for him”'That's true,” Sue said. “But I haven't.”They both laughed and then Jack said, "Does your dog bite (咬）？”“No，”Sue said, “ He's never bitten anyone. He's always gentle and friendly.”Hearing this, Jack decided to hold out his hand and touched (触摸）the animal's head. Suddenly it jumped up and bit him.“Hey!” Jack shouted. “You said your dog didn’t bite.”Sue answered in surprise, “Yeah，I did. But this is not my dog. My dog is at home.”1．Jack and Sue were ________.A. friendsB. neighboursC. classmatesD. brother and sister2．The dog looked at the woman because _______.A. the woman wanted to feed himB. the woman was friendlyC. he was strong and healthyD. he was hungry3．Jack touched the dog because he believed _______.A. the dog was handsomeB. Sue's dog was unfriendlyC. the dog was Sue’sD. Sue's dog was at home4．We can guess from the story that _______.A. Sue gave a wrong answerB. Jack made a mistake错误C. the dog wasn’t dangerousD. both Jack and Sue liked the dog5．Which of the Following can be the best title of the passage?A. A Wrong QuestionB. Sue's DogC. A pleasant talkD. Sue's FriendA boy and his father went walking in the mountains. Suddenly the boy fell, hurtrepeating, somewhere in the mountain, Then the boy shouted, “Who are you?” He received the answer, “Who are you?” He got angry at the answer, so she shouted, “Foolish!” He received the answer, “Foolish!”He looked at his father and asked, “What’s going on?” The father smiled and said, “My son, listen,” And then he shouted to mountain, “I love you!” The voice answered, “I love you!” Again the man cried, “You are the best!” Thevoice answered, “You are the best!”The boy was surprised, but did not understand. Then the father explained (解释), “People call this Echo, but really this is life. It gives you back everything you say or do. Our life is just a reflection(反映)of what we have done. If you want more love in the world, have more love in your heart. If you want to be successful, work hard,. This can be used in everything in life. Life will give you back everyt hing you have given to it.”6．At first the boy cried because _______.A. he hurt himself and felt badB. he wanted to give himself a surpriseC. he felt it was so quiet in the mountainD. he hoped his father would help him7．When the boy heard the voice repeating, he thought________.A. it was foolish to hear others’ voiceB. someone else in the mountain liked his voiceC. there were many other people in the mountainD. he was laughed at by someone else in the mountain8．The father shouted to the mountain to ________.A. find out who was repeating his voiceB. have fun with other people in the mountainC. show more examples to his son before giving him the answerD. let his son know whose voice was louder9．The word “Echo” means__________.A. life itselfB. repeating voiceC. love in the worldD. everything in life10．From the story, we know _________.A. the boy didn’t like others’ voice at allB. the father had his own way to teach his sonC. it is not polite to repeat others’ voiceD. the boy and his father were rather tiredPeople with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is reported that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities ar e “developmental", that is to say, they happen before people’s twenty-second birthday, often from born conditions, and are hard enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as movement, communication, occupation, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious" (偶然的), i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces. Before the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Improvements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic (基本的) needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unluckily, these basics are often not available. Human rights such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and achieve work have traditionally been not agreed on the basis of disability.In recent ten years, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these disagreements of human rights. Congress(国会) replied by passing important laws recognizing(承认) people with disabilities as a protected groupunder human rights laws.It is reported that more than half of qualified(有资格的) Americans with disabilities don’t have work, and a lot of those who do work are out of work. About two-thirds live at or below the official lowest level.Obvious difficulties, especially in communication and public awareness(意识), prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer stopped by law from marrying, a person unable to communicate is excluded(排斥) from society and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.Only when public attitudes(态度) advance as far as laws have, disabled people will be fully able to take their rightful place in society.11．. A “developmental" disability ______.A. is caused by forcesB. happens in youth and affects developmentC. develops very slowly over timeD. is getting harder and harder12．Most disabled people used to die early because ______.A. they were not very well looked afterB. disabilities destroyed body functions terriblyC. they were too poor to get right treatmentD. medical treatment were not available13．The sentence “Still today, people with disabilities must fig ht to live their lives freely.” should be placed at the beginning of Paragraph _________.A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four14．Which of the following cannot be inferred（推断）from the passage ?A. The public tend to(倾向) look down on the disabled people.B. Many disabled people may remain single(保持单身) for their whole life.C. The disabled people feel inferior(不及) to those common people.D. Discriminatory(歧视性) laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others. 15． The best title for this passage might be ______.A．The Causes for DisabilitiesB．Medical Treatments for DisabilitiesC．The physical difficulties of the DisabledD．Disadvantages of People with DisabilitiesThe weather is getting warmer and warmer. It is fun to play outside, but people are afraid to play outside these days, because of the H7N9 virus. The H7N9 virus is one type of influenza A H7 viruses. It is a new type of bird flu. Influenza A H7 viruses mainly affectbirds but sometimes they can also affect humans. Most people infected with H7N9 virus look like they had a common flu. They had a fever, a cough and shortness of breath. Some had bad pneumonia. This March, H7N9 virus hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Up until April 11th, the number of people infected had reached 35. Nine of these people died.But don’t be afraid , some cases are curable. A 4-year-old boy in Shanghai and a 67-year-old man in Hangzhou got the virus, and they are getting better. Besides, it's not easy to be infected by the H7N9 virus.There are some ways to save ourselves from this. First, wash your hands withsoap and running water before you eat and after you use the toilet. You should do the same after you touch animals or animal waste. Second, cover your nose and mouth with your elbow when coughing. Third, you should have a good rest and do some exercises, so your body can become strong enough to beat the virus. 16．How’s the weather during these days?A .cold B. warm C. hot D. cool17．How many people have been infected H7N9 until April 11th?A .35 B. 25 C. 45 D. 3018．Which place didn’t find H7N9 in March?A . Shanghai B. Jiangsu C. Zhejiang D. Beijing19．Which sentence is not true about the H7N9?A. It is a new type of bird flu.B. It is very easy to be infected by the H7N9.C. Some of the H7N9 cases are curable.D. Most people infected with H7N9 virus look like they had a common flu. 20．How can we save ourselves from the H7N9 virus?A. Wash your hands before you eat and after you use the toilet, touch animals or animals waste.B. Cover your nose and mouth with your elbow when coughing.C. Have a good rest and do some exercise to make your body strong enough.D. All of above.Thousands of people have been killed in a massive(大规模的) earthquake in Japan. The quake -- the most powerful to hit Japan in more than 100 years -- caused massive damage and many people are missing and feared dead.The 8.9 magnitude quake struck Friday(March 11) off Japan's eastern coast, and prompted(引发) tsunami warnings（海啸警报）across the Pacific as far away as South America and the U.S. West Coast. Several days after a 8.9-magnitude earthquake and resulting 10-meter-high tsunami devastated the coastline. The United States Geological Survey says it was the fifth largest earthquake since 1900. The largest, with a 9.5 magnitude, shook Chile(智利) in 1960.In Japan, the tsunami swept away boats, cars and hundreds of houses in coastal areas north of Tokyo. The quake shook buildings in the Japanese capital and caused several fires. All train and subway traffic in Tokyo has been stopped, and thousands of people there were unable to get back home. People are just trying to find clean water. Food supplies are running out. In the convenience stores, there are no rice balls left. There is no bottled water left. People are facing a really serious situation in the days ahead for these people that are living in areas that were only moderately（普通的） damaged. The final death toll could range from the thousands to tens of thousands, depending on how many of these communities are gone.Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said the government would do everything it can to minimize（使降到最低） the effects of the disaster. And in Washington, President Obama said the United States is ready to help the people of Japan. 21．The underline word damage means_____________ in the article.A. illnessB. disasterC. terrorD. danger22． Which is true according to the passage?A. Thousands of people have been killed in a massive earthquake in Japan.B. Only people in areas that were only moderately damaged are facing a really serious situation in the days.C. The tsunami devastated not only the coastline in Japan, but also the areas across the Pacific as far away as South America and the U.S. West Coast.D. The massive earthquake caused the tsunami.23．According to the passage, which earthquake is the largest one since 1990 ?A. the one happened in Japan on March 11, 2011B. the one in Chile in 1960C. the fifth largest earthquake since 1900D. We don't know.24．If you're in Tokyo these days, what you can't get from the convenience store?A. newspapers and magazinesB. some medicineC. paper napkins and toothpastesD. rice balls and bottled water25．The passage can't be in/on __________.A. March 10th newspapersB. TVC. InternetD. Radios参考答案1．A2．D3．C4．B5．A【解析】试题分析：短文大意：这篇短文主要讲述了杰克和苏在谈话时，因为一句话把苏身边的狗当成了苏的，结果被咬的故事。

托福TPO33阅读Passage3原文文本+题目+答案解析

托福TPO33阅读Passage3原文文本+题目+答案解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO33阅读Passage3原文文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

Extinction Episodes of the Past【1】It was not until the Cambrian period,beginning about 600 million years ago,that a great proliferation of macroscopic species occurred on Earth and produced a fossil record that allows us to track the rise and fall of biodiversity.Since the Cambrian period,biodiversity has generally risen,but there have been some notable exceptions.Biodiversity collapsed dramatically during at least five periods because of mass extinctions around the globe.The five major mass extinctions receive most of the attention,but they are only one end of a spectrum of extinction events.Collectively,more species went extinct during smaller events that were less dramatic but more frequent.The best known of the five major extinction events,the one that saw the demise of the dinosaurs,is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction.【2】Starting about 280 million years ago,reptiles were the dominant large animals in terrestrial environments.In popular language this was the era“when dinosaurs ruled Earth,”when a wide variety of reptile species occupying many ecological niches.However,no group or species can maintain its dominance indefinitely,and when,after over 200 million years,the age of dinosaurs came to a dramatic end about 65 million years ago,mammals began to flourish,evolving from relatively few types of small terrestrial animals into the myriad of diverse species,including bats and whales,that we know today.Paleontologists label this point in Earth’s history as theend of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period,often abbreviated as the K-T boundary.This time was also marked by changes in many other types of organisms.Overall,about 38 percent of the families of marine animals were lost,with percentages much higher in some groups Ammonoid mollusks went from being very diverse and abundant to being extinct.An extremely abundant set of planktonic marine animals called foraminifera largely disappeared,although they rebounded later.Among plants,the K-T boundary saw a sharp but brief rise in the abundance of primitive vascular plants such as ferns,club mosses,horsetails,and conifers and other gymnosperms.The number of flowering plants(angiosperms)was reduced at this time,but they then began to increase dramatically.【3】What caused these changes?For many years scientists assumed that a cooling of the climate was responsible,with dinosaurs being particularly vulnerable because,like modern reptiles,they were ectothermic(dependent on environmental heat,or cold-blooded).It is now widely believed that at least some species of dinosaurs had a metabolic rate high enough for them to be endotherms(animals that maintain a relatively consistent body temperature by generating heat internally).Nevertheless,climatic explanations for the K-T extinction are not really challenged by the ideas that dinosaurs may have been endothermic,because evenendotherms can be affected by a significant change in the climate.【4】Explanations for the K-T extinction were revolutionized in 1980 when a group of physical scientists led by Luis Alvarez proposed that 65 million years ago Earth was stuck by a 10-kilometer-wide meteorite traveling at 90,000 kilometers perhour.They believed that this impact generated a thick cloud of dust that enveloped Earth,shutting out much of the incoming solar radiation and reducing plant photosynthesis to very low levels.Short-term effects might have included huge tidal waves and extensive fires.In other words,a series of events arising from a single cataclysmic event caused the massive extinctions.Initially,the meteorite theory was based on a single line of evidence.At locations around the globe,geologists had found an unusually high concentration of iridium in the layer of sedimentary rocks that was formed about 65 million years ago.Iridium is an element that is usually uncommon near Earth’s surface,but it is abundant in some meteorites.Therefore,Alvarez and his colleagues concludedthat it was likely that the iridium in sedimentary rocks deposited at the K-T boundary had originated in a giant meteorite or asteroid.Most scientist came to accept the meteorite theory after evidence came to light that a circular formation,180 kilometers in diameter in diameter and centered on the north coast of the Yucatan Peninsula,was created by a meteorite impact about 65 million years ago.1.The word"proliferation"in the passage(paragraph 1)is closest in meaning toA.decline.B.extinction.C.increase.D.migration.2.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about life on Earth before the Cambrian period?A.Biodiversity levels were steady,as indicated by the fossil record.B.Levels of biodiversity could not be tracked.C.The most dramatic extinction episode occurred.D.Few microscopic species existed.3.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important。

考研英语阅读-试卷33_真题-无答案

考研英语（阅读）-试卷33(总分70,考试时间90分钟)2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Since the pre-historic times, man has had an urge to satisfy his needs. Be it hunger, shelter or search for a mate, he has always manipulated the circumstances to the best of his advantages. Probably this might be the reason why we human are the most developed of all living species on the earth, and probably also in the universe. As we climbed the steps of evolution with giant leaps, wesomehow left **mon sense and logical thinking—we forgot that we have stopped thinking ahead of times. If you are hungry, what do you do? Grab a piece of your favorite meal and stay quiet after that? Just like your stomach, even your mind is hungry. But it never lets you know, because you keep it busy thinking about your dream lover, favorite star and many such absurd things. So it silently began to heed to your needs and never let itself grow. When mind loses its freedom to grow, creativity gets a full stop. This might be the reason why we all sometimes think "What happens next?", "Why can"t I think?", "Why am I always given the difficult problems?" Well this is the aftermath of our own karma of using our brain for flunking of not-so-worthy things. Hunger of the mind can be actually satiated through extensive reading. Now why reading and not watching TV? Because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from the childhood. Just like that to develop other aspects of our life, we have to take help of reading. You have innumerable number of books in this world which will answer all your "How to?" questions. Once you read a book, you just don"t run your eyes through the lines, but even your mind decodes it and explains it to you. The interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seed. Now this seed is unknowingly used by you in your future to develop new ideas. The same seed if used many times, can help you link and relate a lot of things, of which you would have never thought of in your wildest dreams! This is nothing but creativity. More the number of books you read, your mind will open up like never before. Also this improves your oratory skills to a large extent and also makes a significant contribution to your vocabulary. Within no time you start speaking English or any language fluently with your friends or other people and you never seem to run out of the right words at the right time.1. According to Paragraph 1, the human are the most developed of all living species most probably because we have _____.A. had needs and desires to satisfyB. been able to think ahead of timesC. taken advantage of the environmentD. **mon sense and logical thinking2. When you are busy thinking about your dream lover, _____.A. you are not actually thinkingB. your mind is no longer hungryC. your mind doesn"t let itself growD. you are not aware of what you need3. The author most probably agrees that thinking about "What happens next?" is _____.A. uncreativeB. unreliableC. worthlessD. thoughtless4. The word "satiated" (Para. 3) can best be replaced by "_____".A. expressedB. satisfiedC. enhancedD. aroused5. Oratory skills will be improved when _____.A. your vocabulary is powerfulB. you can link and relate thingsC. your creativity growsD. you read extensivelyDivorce doesn"t necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just might do, a new study says. The research identified happy and unhappy spouses, culled from a national database. Of the unhappy partners who divorced, about half were happy five years later. But unhappy spouses who stuck it out often did better. About two-thirds were happy five years later. Study results contradict what seems to be common sense, says David Blankenhorn of the Institute for American Values, a think-tank on the family. The institute helped sponsor the research team based at the University of Chicago. Findings will be presented in Arlington, Va., at the "Smart Marriage" conference, sponsored by the Coalition for Marriage, Families and Couples Education. The study looked at data on 5,232 married adults from the National Survey of Families and Households. It included 645 who were unhappy. The adults in the national sample were analyzed through 13 measures of psychological well-being. Within the five years, 167 of the unhappy were divorced or separated and 478 stayed married. Divorce didn"t reduce symptoms of depression, raise self-esteem or increase a sense of **pared with those who stayed married, the report says. Results were controlled for factors including race, age, gender and income. Staying married did not tend to trap unhappy spouses in violent relationships. What helped the unhappy married turn things around? To supplement the formal study data, the research team asked professional firms to recruit focus groups totaling 55 adults who were "marriage survivors". All had moved from unhappy to happy marriages. These 55 once-discontented married felt their unions got better via one of three routes, the report says: Marital endurance. "With time, job situations improved, children got older or better, or chronic ongoing problems got put into new perspective." Partners did not work on their marriages. Marital work. Spouses actively worked "to solve problems, change behavior or **munication". Personal change. Partners found "alternative ways to improve their own happiness and build a good and happy life despite a mediocre marriage." In effect, the unhappy partner changed.6. According to David Blankenhorn, **monly believe that _____.A. divorce is a better solution to an unhappy marriage than staying togetherB. divorce is not necessarily the only solution to an unhappy marriageC. keeping an unhappy marriage needs much courage and enduranceD. to end an unhappy marriage or not is a tough decision for the spouses7. Which of the following is true about the research under discussion?A. It was conducted by the Institute for the American Values headed by David Blankenhorn.B. It was sponsored by the Coalition for Marriage, Families and Couples Education.C. Its subjects were chosen from a national database based at the University of Chicago.D. Its report will be included in the schedule of the "Smart Marriage" conference.8. The 13 measures of psychological well-being mentioned in Paragraph 3 are used to _____.A. serve as the standards for choosing the subjects of the researchB. serve as the ways to help adults to get over their unhappy marriageC. examine all the 5, 232 married adultsD. examine all the adults in the database9. The author"s attitude toward divorce may best be described as "_____".A. criticalB. impersonalC. arbitraryD. scornful10. According to the report, those unhappily-wedded may not survive their marriage by _____.A. waiting for the living conditions to get improvedB. achieving children"s understandingC. changing their own attitude towards mediocre marriagesD. working on their problems and **municationA recent case in Australia shows how easily fear can frustrate an informant"s good intentions. In December, a woman wrote anonymously to the country"s antitrust watchdog, the ACCC, alleging that her employer was colluding with others in breach of the Trade Practices Act. Her evidence was sufficient to suggest to the ACCC that fines of A$10m could be imposed on "a **pany". But theagency needed more details. So just before Christmas it advertised extensively to try and persuade the woman to come forward again. Some days later her husband rang the ACCC, but he hung up before disclosing vital information. Now the agency is trying to contact the couple again. In America, there is some evidence that the events of September 11th have made people more public-spirited and more inclined to blow the whistle. The Government Accountability Project, a Washington based group, received 27 reproaches from potential informants in the three months before September 11th, and 66 in the three months after. Many of **plaints were about security issues. They included a Federal Aviation Adininistration employee who claimed that the agency had repeatedly failed to respond to known cases of security violations at airports. Legislation to give greater protection to people who expose corporate or government misbehavior externally (after having received no satisfaction internally) is being introduced in a number of countries. In America, it focuses on informants among federal employees. According to Billy Garde, a lawyer who was a member of BP"s Alaska inquiry team, they "have less rights than prisoners".A bill introduced last year by Senator Daniel Akaka to improve protection for them is currently stuck in **mittees. In Britain, the Public Interest Disclosure Act came fully into force last year. Described by one American as "the most far-reaching informant protection in the world", it treats informants as witnesses acting in the public interest. This separates them from people who are merely pursuing a personal grievance. But even in Britain, the protection is limited. Rupert Walker, a fund manager, was fired by Govett Investments in September 2001 for expressing concerns in the Financial Times about a group of people of investment trusts that invest in each other.11. What does the author most probably think about what the ACCC did to the woman?A. Inconsistent.B. Disheartening.C. Reasonable.D. Bureaucratic.12. By saying "more inclined to blow the whistle" (Para 2), the author means that people are more_____.A. eager to disclose secretsB. willing to report wrongdoingsC. alert to hidden dangers to the countryD. ready to cooperate with the administration13. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that the Federal Aviation Administration employee_____.A. had **plained to his employerB. did not get any response from his employerC. was concerned about public securityD. became brave after the 9.11 disaster14. According to Paragraph 3, informants among the American federal employees_____.A. disclose misbehavior externally when they are disappointed internallyB. get more protection than people who disclose misbehavior externallyC. have less rights than prisonersD. get as much protection as before15. Britain"s protection to informants is not perfect in that _____.A. the Public Interest Disclosure Act came fully into force only last yearB. it treats informants as witnesses acting in the public interestC. informants are threatened with the possibility of losing their jobsD. informants are considered as merely pursuing a **plaintIn the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they"re looking for. Nonetheless, **panies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. **panies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to **pany"s private intranet. Another major shift in the model for **merce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, **panies have developed tools that **panies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the PointCast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers" computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company"s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offering, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the **es there by specific request. **mercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That"s a prospect thathorrifies Net purists. But it is hardly inevitable **panies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so **panies took the online plunge.16. According to Paragraphs 1 and 2, what do we learn about the present web business?A. Web business is no longer in fashion.B. Business-to-business sales are the trend.C. Web business is prosperous in the consumer market.D. **panies still lack confidence in web business.17. Established business partners are preferred in web business because _____.A. they are more creditable than othersB. they specify the products they wantC. they have access to **pany"s private intranetD. they are capable of conducting online transactions18. PointCast Network in Paragraph 3 is most probably _____.A. a company that develops the latest push softwareB. a tool that promotes a company"s online marketingC. the **pany that used an online push softwareD. the most popular software that helps a company push19. Net purists are most worried that _____.A. only the requested **es to the screenB. the Net is filled **mercial promotionC. the difference between the Web and TV will fadeD. push technology will dominate the screen20. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about ?A. Its success is attributed to push strategies.B. It is prosperous without push strategies.C. It is highly concerned about the cost of computing power.D. It is a good example of the flourishing online business.On August 18th US News & World Report released its 2007 rankings of America"s top colleges. The survey began in 1983 as an unofficial opinion poll, when the magazine asked 662 college presidents to identify the country"s best places of learning. It has since changed into an annually frightening experience for reputable universities.A strong showing in the rankings spurs student interestand alumni giving while a slip has grave consequences for public relations. University administrators deeply dislike the survey. Many reject the idea that schools can be stacked up against one another in any meaningful way. And the survey"s methodology is suspect. The rankings are still based partly on peer evaluations. **pare rates of alumni giving, which has little to do with the transmission of knowledge. Besides, the magazine"s data are supplied by the schools and unproved. But whether the rankings are fair is beside the point, because they are wildly influential. In the 1983 survey barely half of the presidents approached bothered to respond. Today, only a handful dare refuse. Most, in fact, do more than simply fill out the survey. Competition between colleges for top students is increasing, partly because of the very popularityof rankings. Colin Diver, the president of Reed College in Oregon, considers that "rankings create powerful incentives to manipulate data and distort institutional behaviour."A school may game the system by luring applications from students who stand no chance of admission, or by leaning on alumni to arrange jobs for graduates. Reed is one of the few prominent colleges that dares to despise taking part in the US News survey. In some ways, the scramble to attract applicants has helped students. Universities such as Duke in North Carolina and Rice in Houston are devoting more money to scholarships. That seems a reasonable response to the challenge of the rankings, as the National Centre for Education Statistics reckons that roughly two-thirds of undergraduates rely on financial aid. Other colleges, though, are trying to drum up excitement by offering privileges that would have been unheard of a generation ago. Students at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) now appreciate weekly maid service in the dorms. "The elevators", replied an enthusiastic respondent to an online survey, "smell lemon fresh." Students at Pennsylvania State University enjoy free access to Napster, the music-sharing service. Multi-million dollar gyms have become so common that they are unremarkable. University officials, defending this strategy, often imply that they are only responding to student demand. Discouraging words for those who believe that a college"s job is to educate, not indulge.21. According to Paragraph 1, the top universities take the annual rankings as _____A. a severe testB. a routine scheduleC. a chance to distinguish themselvesD. an official public-opinion poll22. The universities administrators most probably agree that the rankings should _____.A. **pletely on peer evaluationsB. count out the rates of alumni givingC. be done by a more convincing magazineD. be based on date supplied by the presidents23. According to Colin Diver, why does a school lean on alumni to arrange jobs for graduates?A. To attract more top applicants.B. To make the rankings reliable.C. To take advantage of its public relations.D. To become more popular in the rankings.24. The author tends to think that the weekly maid service of the UCLA is meant to be _____.A. beneficialB. innovativeC. appealingD. indulgent25. The text is intended to tell most clearly about_____.A. the result of **petition for top studentsB. the defects in the American educational systemC. the influence of the rankings of top universitiesD. the ways to increase the number of top applicants。

考研英语时文30篇及复习技巧

：完型填空的基本思路完型填空的全名叫做英语知识与运用，它的主要考点是词汇和逻辑思维，对于考生来说，这个题型不得不做的准备就是要背一些同义词，关于同义词，我会在下面的讲解里和大家说明辨析的四个模式。

可是，要获取比较好的分数，还是要努力背些词，不过这并不是说，考研完型填空就完全靠词汇解决，下面的思路，也是考生解决问题的关键。

1. 明确完型填空阅读方式: 段落对照法读文章的时候必须先细读首句，第一句话必须注意以下部分：主题，表示逻辑关系的词，作者态度。

比如many表示作者对于这句话内容持负评价，这是因为，研究生考试为了表示自己的独特和性格，对于大多数人的说法一般持负评价，因此，此文的态度结构就是先负，后面很可能会提出作者自己的说法，因此谈到其他人的理论的选项，都优先选负面的选项。

其次，要从第一句话读出主题词，这包含重要的信息，决定了整篇文章方向。

第三，逻辑连词必须重视，这个在下文很可能重复出现，具有明显的预测和指导作用。

比如首段的明显的连词是either 和or。

因此我们可以预见，下文的主要关系，就是并列关系。

第四，阅读模式的问题，填空的阅读模式切忌先通读全文，也不能看一个选一个。

理由如下：通读全文，会非常的浪费时间，而考场上对于时间的把握是最重要的，更重要的是，读完全文再回去从头做起，开头获得的信息已经模糊，最清晰的是最后的信息。

而且，从填空的对应选项来说，需要读完全文才可以做对的选项并不多，大多数是一个长句的内容就可以相互印证而得到解决，还有很多的就是开头句的重现。

因此读完全文再做题是不对地。

同上，看一个选一个也是不理性的，因为单个的选项不一定可以准确的定位。

因此，我们提倡：精读首句，以长句或组句为单位，文章和选项对照分段阅读。

2. 明确三个主要概念：逻辑关系，态度，主题逻辑关系是研究生考试的特点，对于完型填空，最为常见的就是并列，因果，转折。

尤其是并列关系，我们在下面的讲解里要重点提及。

每年的填空考试里面都有大量的虚词题，比如连词和介词，都要占到6题以上，解决这个问题，我们可以很容易的获取3分。

考研英语范文阅读（三十三）

When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although， in the manner of a disgraced government minister， I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”。

Curiously， some two-and-a-half years and two novels later， my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “have it all”， preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of she magazine， into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. I have discovered， as perhaps Kelsey will after her much- publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress， that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”， and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed： 12-hour working days， pressured deadlines， the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”。

英语时文阅读考研

英语时文阅读考研英语时文阅读作为考研英语备考的重要组成部分，对于提高考生的英语水平和应试能力具有不可忽视的作用。

随着全球化的不断深入，英语在国际交流中的地位愈发重要，因此，掌握英语阅读技巧，尤其是时文阅读，对于考研英语的成功至关重要。

首先，时文阅读能够帮助考生了解国际时事，增强对全球动态的敏感度。

通过阅读最新的英文报刊、杂志和网络新闻，考生可以接触到丰富的时事信息，这不仅有助于扩大词汇量，还能提高对英语语境的适应能力。

例如，通过阅读《经济学人》、《纽约时报》等知名英文媒体，考生可以了解到最新的国际政治、经济、科技和文化动态，这对于理解考研英语阅读理解中的相关话题非常有帮助。

其次，时文阅读能够锻炼考生的快速阅读和信息提取能力。

考研英语阅读理解部分要求考生在有限的时间内准确把握文章的主旨和细节信息。

通过定期练习时文阅读，考生可以逐渐提高阅读速度，学会如何快速定位关键信息，这对于提高考研英语的答题效率和正确率至关重要。

此外，时文阅读还有助于提升考生的批判性思维能力。

在阅读时文时，考生需要对文章中的观点进行分析和评价，这有助于培养考生的独立思考和批判性思维能力。

在考研英语的写作和翻译部分，这种能力同样非常重要，能够帮助考生更好地组织语言，表达自己的观点。

为了有效地进行时文阅读训练，考生可以采取以下策略：1. 选择高质量的英文时文材料，如知名英文报刊、学术期刊等，确保阅读材料的权威性和时效性。

2. 定期进行时文阅读练习，可以每天或每周安排固定的时间进行阅读，以保持阅读的连续性和规律性。

3. 在阅读过程中，注意积累生词和短语，尤其是那些在多个领域都可能出现的高频词汇。

4. 练习总结文章的主旨大意和关键信息，提高信息提取和概括能力。

5. 尝试对文章中的观点进行分析和评价，培养批判性思维能力。

总之，英语时文阅读是考研英语备考中不可或缺的一部分。

通过持续的时文阅读训练，考生不仅能够提高英语阅读能力，还能增强对国际时事的了解，为考研英语的成功打下坚实的基础。

2022中考英语阅读理解33

There was once a man called Mr. Flowers, and flowers were his only joy in life. He spent all his free time in one of his four glass-houses and grew flowers of every color, with long and difficult names, for competitions (比赛). He tried to grow a rose of a new color to win the silver cup (银杯) for the Rose of the Year.Mr. Flowers’ glass-houses were very near to a middle school. Boys of around thirteen of age were often tempted (引诱) to throw a stone or two at one of Mr. Flowers’ glass-houses. So Mr. Flowers did his best to be in or near his glass-houses at the beginning and end of the school day.But it was not always possible to be on watch at those times. Mr. Flowers had tried in many ways to protect his glass, but nothing that he had done had been useful. He had been to school to report to the headmaster; but this had not done any good. He had tried to drive away the boys that threw stones into his garden; but the boys could run faster than he could, and they laughed at him from far away. He had even picked up all the stones that he could find around his garden, so that the boys would have nothing to throw; but they soon found others.At last Mr. Flowers had a good idea. He put up a large notice (布告) made of good, strong wood, some meters away from the glass-houses. On it he had written the words: DO NOT THROW STONES AT THIS NOTICE. After this, Mr. Flowers had no further trouble; the boys were much more tempted to throw stones at the notice than at the glass-houses.1. It was Mr. Flowers’ hope to ________.A. build glass-houses in his free timeB. grow the Rose of the Year in a silver cupC. win a silver cup for growing a rose of a new colorD. grow a rose with the longest name2. Boys were often tempted to ________.A. throw stones at Mr. Flowers’ glass-houseB. throw stones at Mr. Flowers from their schoolC. be in or near by Mr. Flowers’ glass-housesD. play with Mr. Flowers near his glass-houses3. Mr. Flowers stayed in or near by his glass-houses _______.A. at times when school-boys were walking near themB. all the school day when there were no boys aboutC. where he could not be seen by the boys passingD. in his free time at the beginning and end of the school day4. Mr. Flowers had tried to ______ to protect his glass.A. be on watch in his free timeB. ask the headmaster for helpC. pick up all the stones around his gardenD. do all the above5. Mr. Flowers’ good idea was to ______.A. write some words on the glassB. put up a large notice to cover his glass-housesC. give the boys something else to throw stones atD. send for policemen。

初中英语阅读理解(33)

初中英语：阅读理解 (33)Many animals use some kinds of “language”. They use signals(信号) and the signals have meanings. For example, __1 a bee has found some food, it goes 2 its home. 3 is difficult for a bee to tell __4 bees where the food is speaking to them, but it can do a little dancing. This tells the bees where the food is and 5 it is.Some animals show 6 they feel by making sounds. It is not difficult to tell if a dog is angry because it barks. Birds make several different sounds and 7 has its meaning. Sometimes we humans make sounds in the same way. We make sounds like “Oh” to 8 how we feel about __9__ or we 10 something on our feet.We humans have languages. We have words. These words have meaning of things, action, feeling or ideas. We are able to __11__ each other information, to tell other people 12 we think or we feel. By writing down words, we can remember what has happened or 13 messages to people far away.Languages, like people, live and die. If a language is not used by people, it is called a dead language. This language cannot live and grow because 14 speaks it.A living language, of course, is often spoken by people today. It grows and changes with time. New words are created, and some old words have 15 meanings.1. A. because B. since C. when D. as2. A. out of B. back from C. away from D. back to3. A. It B. This C. That D. He4. A. each other B. another C. the other D. others5. A. how long B. how far away C. how many D. how old6. A. why B. which C. how D. what7. A. each B. every C. all D. some8. A. show B. say C. talk D. speak9. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything10. A. put B. drop C. fall D. set11. A. give B. put C. show D. take12. A. that B. which C. what D. why13. A. send B. bring C. push D. get14. A. someone B. no one C. anyone D. everyone15. A. new B. right C. real D. good名师点评这则短文讲述的是语言的重要性。

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考研时文阅读（33）实体商场从网络商家手中极力挽回消费者(2011-04-15 20:30:24)转载标签：黄涛考研时文阅读教育分类：阅读篇Bricks-and-mortar shops struggle to win customers back from virtual ones实体商场从网络商家手中极力挽回消费者SHOPPERS on Black Friday, the traditional start of the holiday shopping season in America, which falls on November 27th this year, are notoriously aggressive. Some even start queuing outside stores before dawn to be the first to lay their hands on heavily discounted merchandise. Last year berserk bargain-hunters in the suburbs of New York City trampled a Wal-Mart employee to death. Despite the frenzy at many stores, however, the recession appears to have accelerated the pace at which shoppers are abandoning bricks and mortar in favor of online retailers—e-tailers, in the jargon. So this year Black Friday (so named because it is supposed to put shops into profit for the year) also marks the start of many conventional retailers’ attempts to regain the initiative.黑色星期五通常是美国假日消费季节的开端，今年的黑色星期五恰逢11月27日，场面热闹非凡。

有些人甚至天没亮就在商店门外排队希望可以第一个抢到“大跳水”的商品。

去年，纽约市郊沃尔玛超市的一名员工因为顾客疯抢打折商品而被踩伤致死。

然而，商场销售虽然火爆，但商场萧条之势却越演越烈，因为消费者正在弃实体商场转而投入在线零售商---行话叫电子零售商的怀抱。

所以今年的黑色星期五（这样命名源于这一天应该是令商店该年盈利的日子）也标志着传统实体零售商收回失地的第一炮。

E-commerce holds particular appeal in straitened times as it enables people to compare prices across retailers quickly and easily. Buyers can sometimes avoid local sales taxes online, and shipping is often free. No wonder, then, that online shopping continues to grow even as the offline sort shrinks. In 2008 retail sales grew by a feeble 1% in America and are expected to decline by more than 3% this year, according to the National Retail Federation, a trade body. In contrast, online sales grew by 13% in 2008 to over $141 billion and are predicted to grow by 11% in 2009, according to Forrester, a consultancy.在经济大环境恶化的背景下，电子商务具有独特的优势：消费者可以轻松快捷的货比三家。

有时在网上购物可以避开当地营业税，而且通常免邮费。

这就难怪网络销售可以在即使实体店销售萎缩的情况下仍然保持增长。

2008实体商场零售额增长了可怜的1%, 而且预计今年的销售量将下滑三个百分点，全美零售商联合会（贸易组织）如是说。

而与之形成鲜明对比的是网络销售。

根据顾问公司福斯特的报告，网络销售量于2008年增长了13%，达到1410亿美元，预计今年将增长11%。

Online sales now account for 6% of all retail sales in America (up from 5% in 2008) and that figure is expected to reach 8% by 2013. E-commerce is also growing in Europe and Asia, where online sales in 2008 totaled $60 billion and $40 billion, respectively. In Britain, internet shopping now accounts for nearly 4% of total retail sales, according to Planet Retail, a research firm.网络销售目前占全美销售量的6%（2008年为5%），预计到2013年之前这一数字将达到8%。

电子商务在欧洲和亚洲也方兴未艾，两洲2008年的网络销售额分别为600亿美元和400亿美元。

目前英国的网络销售量占销售总额的4%左右，这一数字引自调研公司行星零售。

Online-only shopping sites such as Amazon and eBay, two e-commerce giants, have thrived in the downturn. Amazon’s sales rose to around $5.5 billion in the third quarter of the year, up by almost 30% from a year before. Listings, chiefly from commercial vendors, have surged so rapidly on eBay that its website briefly crashed on November 21st.诸如亚马逊和eBAY（网络销售巨头）等不设实体店铺的在线消费网站在经济危机之下茁壮成长。

亚马逊今年三季度的销售量达到约55亿美金，与去年相比，增长了30%. eBay 亦是如此。

订单（以供应商的为主）数激增，导致eBay网站于11月21日暂时瘫痪。

The range of items available online is also growing. Amazon has started selling groceries. Consumer-goods companies such as Procter & Gamble (P&G) are encouraging the sale of things like nappies (diapers) and laundry detergent online. At the opposite extreme, the internet is also being used to sell luxury goods. Fabergé, a defunct-jewellery-maker known for its gem-encrusted eggs, re-launched in September. It will not open any shops but will instead operate only online.网络销售的产品种类亦在扩大。

亚马逊已经开始在网上销售杂货。

保洁等消费品公司也正在网上促销像尿片和洗衣粉等小商品。

与这些小商品完全相反的奢侈品也被搬到了网上销售。

已经销声匿迹的珠宝制造商Fabergé（以镶嵌宝石的蛋而闻名）于九月重新开业。

该公司摒弃实体店只在网络销售产品。

The shift in spending to the internet is good news for companies like P& G that lack retail outlets of their own. But it is a big concern for brick-and-mortar retailers, whose prices are often higher than those of e-tailers, since they must bear the extra expense of running stores. Happily, however, conventional retailers are in a better position to fight back than last year, when overstocking forced them to resort to ruinous discounting. Inventories are about 15% lower this year. Some big retailers, such as Saks and Target, have recently reported rising revenues and margins.消费者转向网络消费对保洁这种没有自己专营店的公司来说是利好消息。

而对于实体零售商来说却是棘手问题。

因为实体零售商存在经营成本，其零售价格通常高于网上价格。

然而，利好的一面是今年传统的零售商能够扳回一成的几率较去年高。

去年库存过多，传统零售商被迫亏本打折，而今年的库存量下降了大约15%。

诸如Saks和Target等的一些大型零售商已于最近传来营业额增加，利润率上升的好消息。

The most obvious response to the growth of e-tailing is for conventional retailers to redouble their own efforts online. The online arms of big retailers are performing well, on the whole. Saks, for example, saw online sales rise 9% in the nine months to the end of October while sales in its stores fell by 19%. The company expects online growth to outpace sales in stores for the “foreseeable future”, says Stephen Sadove, its boss.传统零售商应对网络销售最直接的应对措施是进一步加强网络销售力度。