大学英语V第8次作业
新核心大学英语 读写教程 基础版 课后练习 Unit 8
Unit 8 》Part II 》Main Reading
15. any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective (G)= _____ barrier 16. having divisions in more than two countries (H)= __________ multinational 17. to follow the tracks or traces of (H)= ____ track 18. obtaining goods or services from an outside supplier (H)= __________ outsourcing internally 19. on or from the inside (J)= ________ payroll 20. a list of employees and their salaries (J) = ______
Unit 8 》Part II 》Related Reading
Task 1 Guessing Meaning from Context Guess the meaning of the following words from context. The letter in parentheses refers to the paragraph in which the word can be found. Choose which meaning best fits the word.
d competition (A)
a 1. __ explanation (A)
2. __ landscape (C) e
新标准大学英语综合教程(第二版)UNIT 8 A篇练习答案+课文翻译
Warming Up
And the ones that we pull out are the ones that have experience and those of people who did internships. A: You know there are a lot of people applying to graduate school right now for a professional degree and going for higher education, hoping to ride out this recession and this extremely weak job market. Some tips for them in terms of being able to afford higher education or possibly asking teaming up with employers. Or some employers will pay for part of a degree if it ties in right with the, with what they do and if you’re going to assure them that you work for them for certain money, is that so around?
Script
Warming Up
1. What’s the president’s suggestion for graduates who want to get a job?
having the incredible talent set that not everybody has getting real experience knowledge is power, being empowered with the information that will serve them best and education will always pay off in a long-term
西南石油大学新标准大学英语练习册答案Unit8-答案
西南石油大学新标准大学英语练习册答案Unit8-答案Unit 8答案Active reading (1)课前预习语段1.a spasm of the emotion2.let it go3.insinuate something else into4.attended by the illumination of another field of interest5.the old undue grip6.the process of recuperation and repair7.the cultivation of a hobby8.new forms of interest9.a policy of first importance10.improvised by a mere command of the will11.the growth of alternative mental interests12.be sedulously tended13.the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed14. aggravates the strain of mental effort15.acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work16.get any benefit or relief17.Broadly speaking18.those who are toiled to death19.those who are worried to death20.those who are bored to death21.the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort22.trifling things/doc/f717124189.html,mand everything24.gratify every caprice/doc/f717124189.html,y their hands on almost every object of desire26.discipline in one form or another27.rational, industrious useful human beings28. the means of sustenance29.a keen appetite for pleasure30.Fortune’s favoured children31.a natural harmony32.it may well be that33.those whose work is their pleasure概要1. Pastime2. hobbies3. recuperation4. cultivation5. policy6. different●课文辅导（即时操练）The sooner you start, the more quickly you’ll finish.2-3 The more time you spend in front of a computer screen, the less interest you have in the outside world.你越少运动就越会变得像沙发土豆。
大学英语Unit 8 Society
Unit 8 SocietyPart AListening StrategyThe passage you are going to listen to contains 9 recommendations to keep you happy、Listen twice and write down the first sentence of each recommendation、Some have already been done for you、1、Don’t expect money to buy you happiness、2、Enjoy the moment、3、Learn to like yourself、4、Self-esteem grows out of achieving realistic goals、5、Take occasional days of rest、6、Put on a happy face —even if you don’t feel happy、7、Exercise、8、Get enough sleep to feel rested、9、Build close relationships、Script:Do you want to know the secret of happiness? Just listen to psychology professor David G、Myers、He analyzed hundreds of studies from around the world to determine how important friendships, money and other things are to our happiness、Here’s what he recommends、Don’t expect money to buy you happiness、The actual amount of money people earn has little effect on how happy they feel、What does count is how satisfied they are with their income、Enjoy the moment、Happiness comes from little things that happen every day, rather than occasional great pieces of good fortune、Learn to like yourself、“Studies show that people with healthy self-esteem are less weak to setbacks and struggle s,” said Dr、Myers, a uthor of “The Pursuit of Happiness”、Self-esteem grows out of achieving realistic goals、Take occasional days of rest、Spend hours enjoying quiet time alone、Put on a happy face —even if you don’t feel happy、Smiling can actually make you feel better, according to Dr、Myers of Hope College in Michigan、Exercise、Aerobic exercise, such as walking, biking, swimming and running works as an antidote for mind depression and anxiety、Get enough sleep to feel rested、Build close relationships、The best remedy for unhappiness is a caring nurturing friendship、And if you’re married, a good relationship with your spouse can be especially important、Part BLottery WinnersScript:Do you dream of winning the lottery? Millions of people do、Every day, millions of Americans buy lottery tickets、They are hoping to win $100,000, $1,000,000 or more、What happens after you win the lottery?When you win a million dollars, you don’t receive a check for the total amount、You may choose to receive $50,000 a year for twenty years、Also, you must pay taxes、After taxes, you receive from $25,000 to $40,000 a year for twenty years、This is a lot of extra spending money、What have some people done with their money? Let’s look at three past winners、Lisa K wanted to be an artist, but she didn’t have enough money to go to art school、She was working at a job she didn’t enjoy、In August, Lisa bought one ticket and won two million dollars、She quit her job three weeks later and is now attending art school、Mark L was a car salesman、He worked seven days a week and had little time for family life、After he won the lottery, he quit working、Now he spends his time bowling, working in the garden, and fixing things in his house、But, he’s bored、He doesn’t want to sell cars again, but he isn’t sure what he wants to do with his life、Jack B is one of the small number of winners who did not quit his job、Jack still teaches at a school near his home、But now he and his wife take their children on an interesting vacation every year、And they don’t worry about sending their children to college、They say that money brings security and gives a person opportunities, but it doesn’t bring happiness、Exercise 1Listen to the passage and choose the right answers to the questions、1、If you win a million dollars, how much can you get before tax?a、$ 100,000 immediately、b、$ 50,000 a year for twenty years、c、$ 20,000 a year for fifty years、d、$100,000 a year for ten years、2、If you win a million dollars, how much can you get after tax annually?a、$10,000 to $25,000、b、$15,000 to $30,000、c、$20,000 to $35,000、d、$25,000 to $40,000、3、What did Lisa K do after she won the lottery?a、She quit her job and opened an art school、b、She began to spend her time traveling around the world、c、She stayed on her job, but took an interesting vacation every year、d、She quit her job and began to study art、4、What did Mark L do after he won the lottery?a、He quit his job and began to work for himself、b、He began to spend his time bowling, working in the garden, and fixing things in his house、c、He didn’t quit his job, but went sightseeing every year、d、None of the above、5、What did Jack B do after he won the lottery?a、He quit his job and led a leisurely life at home、b、He began to spend his time exercising, gardening, and traveling、c、He stayed on his job, but took his family on an interesting vacation every year、d、None of the above、6、What is the main idea of the passage?a、To win the prize is the dream of every lottery ticket buyer、b、Most winners quit their jobs after winning the lottery to lead a carefree life、c、The winner of the lottery cannot receive the total amount of the prize money、d、Winning the lottery means security and opportunities but not necessarily happiness、Exercise 2Listen again and fill in the blanks to complete a summary of the main points of the passage、Every day, millions of Americans buy lottery tickets and dream of winning the lottery、If you win one million dollars, you can receive from $25,000 to $40,000 a year for twenty years after paying taxes、Winners spend the large amount of money in different ways、Some use the money to pursue their own interests, some on home improvement and travel, and others save the money for their children’s college education、Most winners quit their jobs and only a small number of them still stay on their jobs、Some winners realize that money brings security and gives them opportunities, but money does not mean happiness、Part CTest Your ListeningA PassageListen to the story and choose the right answers to the questions、1、When and where was a newborn baby found?a、In a deserted park yesterday、b、In a rock garden early yesterday morning、c、On a rock in Central Park early yesterday morning、d、In lower Manhattan before dawn yesterday、2、How did the police feel when they found the baby?a、Sorry、b、Surprised、c、Unhappy、d、Relieved、3、Who might be the woman that had abandoned her baby?a、A young homeless woman who called the head of Hope Foundation、b、A woman who called a fire station early yesterday、c、A homeless woman who called a hospital hotline、d、A homeless woman who called a baby rescue hotline early yesterday、4、Which of the following can be learned from the passage?a、The Hope Foundation couldn’t help the woman、b、The police are determined to find the mother、c、The mother gave up her baby because she was homeless、d、The mother was eager to hide her identity、Script:A healthy newborn girl was discovered in Central Park yesterday morning、The baby was abandoned on the top of a rock shortly before dawn after the mother gave birth to her there、The police said that the baby was healthy and weighed 7 pounds、Now they were searching for themother、A policeman said that they had never had anything like this before、They really didn’t get babies left in the park、But they were just happy the baby was all right、The police rushed the baby to a nearby hospital、Fortunately she was OK、The police believed the baby was born less than half an hour before she was discovered、They also believed, judging from the amount of blood found on the rock, that the mother might have given birth there、It was 70 degrees when the baby was found、Detectives were investigating whether the mother was a homeless woman who called a baby rescue hotline early yesterday、The head of Hope Foundation said that his hotline received a call about 5:30 a、m、from a young homeless woman in Manhattan、The caller asked, “How do I get rid of my baby?” She was apparently in labor、Then she was told to go to either a hospital or a fire station、But the woman was afraid she would be recognized there、The head also said that the woman wouldn’t even tell him where he could possibly meet her since they had two teams that could help with the delivery, if necessary、。
大学英语V
(B) happened
(C) occurred
(D) struck
正确答案：C
解答参考：[第一单元]大学英语V第1单元练习题
23. The_______action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt.
(C) thought went
(D) thought had gone
正确答案：D
解答参考：[第一单元]大学英语V第1单元练习题
20. The_______ will be used to help young writers to publish their works.
(A) fee
(B) capital
（注意：若有主观题目，请按照题目，离线完成，完成后纸质上交学习中心，记录成绩。在线只需提交客观题答案。)
四、主观题(共1道小题)
26.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Money is not everything?”. You should write no less than 80 words.
---It’s nothing to worry about. I never liked it anyway.
(A) I lost my Walkman this morning.
(B) I feel awful. I’ve got a cold.
(C) I feel terrible, but I’ve left your tape somewhere.
2018版高考英语大一轮复习课时作业：选修八 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors 含答案
课时作业(四十)Ⅰ.阅读理解[2017·广西贵阳一中月考]Are you the type of person who always says “yes”？ I've come to learn that it is very important to learn to say NO! It's okay.People are still going to like you.They may even respect you more because they know you are honest.I don't intend to make you say “no” to someone who really needs your help.I'm talking about refusing that meeting which you really do not want to attend or that birthday party which you don't want to be a guest at.Think for a moment how you feel when you say YES to something that you really don't want to do.If you're like I once was，you can't sleep at night and you think about it too much.It weighs on your mind.You try to find ways out.Whatever you're saying to yourself，if you really wanted to go，you wouldn't have all of these thoughts.So，why not just say NO from the beginning? Maybe you feel like if you don't show up at the meeting (by the way，it is not one you must attend)，your boss isn't going to like you or your coworkers won't respect you.Maybe you feel as if your mom，dad or sisters won't love you as much if you don't do everything for them that they ask every occasion.If these people are your true friends，family members，or a good boss，they will like or love you the same no matter what.People treat you the way you teach them to，and if you're someone who always says “yes”，then that's what they're expecting.You need to do what is right for you.Of course we do have real obligations in life to fulfill，but we do not have to do everything others want us to do.1．Which statement do you think the writer would agree with?A．Always saying “yes” means you are dishonest.B．Always saying “no” means you are brave.C．We should help others in need.D．We should try to do what our friends ask us to do.2．The underlin ed word “It” in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.A．something you're unwilling to doB．saying “yes”C．something you think difficult to doD．a friend's birthday party3．Through the passage，if you say “no” to your family members，you'll ________.A．have a loose relationship with themB．have the same relationship with them as beforeC．upset themD．disappoint them答案：[解题导语]作者主张对于那些自己极不愿意参加的活动，要大胆拒绝，不要为难自己。
新视野大学英语读写译(第三版)第二册Unit8课后习题答案
He became a children's doctor because of his love for children and his strong desire to keep them healthy.He is thought of having no moral compass: He tortures innocent animals for his career advancement and his experiments have nothing to do with medicine.The public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance to them, while the senators and politicians continue to give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists.The author does not really admit their mistake, but the tone is apparently ironic, criticizing that the physicians were too soft to respond to the animal rights activists.Life is cruel to both animals and human beings. If physicians don't create an animal model of the problem, they have to do experiments on human beings; or the medical knowledge will remain static.Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped, and fundamental biological processes will remain mysteries.If the more radical members of this movement are successful in threatening further research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost the lives of many human beings.It helps diagnose disease.• It develops drugs to cure infection and disease.• It carries out complex surgical procedures.• It empl oys techniques to replace defective genes.• It stimulates development of synthetic organs.Participate in different animal rights activities.• Make public speeches at different social settings.• Write newspaper articles to condemn the inhuman animal research.• Launch an appeal on the Internet to arouse public concern for animal rights.It is too cruel and inhuman.• Animals should have equal rights as humans.• The research result may not apply to humansYes, because they are ethical and justified and the public will support the movement.• No, because they are misdirected and they even do something improper such as burning an animal laboratory.Yes, if animal research is abandoned, there will be almost no advances in medicine and it will cost many lives of human beings. As compared to animals, human beings are more valuable because they take many social responsibilities.1.The main task for the troop there is not fighting but (arresting) theprogress of the enemy army and waiting for reinforcements (援兵).2. He always anxiously summarizes the concessions which he has made buthe almost always (omits) to mention those offered by the other party.3.She was an excellent teacher, whose (optional) courses on women's writing were very popular among the students.4. It will be up to the doctor's judgment whether or not the organ can besuccessfully (transplanted) to the child who has been waiting for it.5. Teachers can no longer use their past experiences to prepare students fortheir future career; (hence) , our young people need to rely onthemselves.6. Accurate and inaccurate information is mixed so naturally that there are noreliable ways to tell what has been (twisted) and what has not.7.That wealthy lady's demand on a premarital agreement greatly (stung) her future husband's pride, and it ended up with his refusal to get married.8.When I opened the album, I carefully examined every photograph in(minute) detail by wearing my reading glasses so as not to miss anything.It seems that James has a talent for acting because he can (imitate)different teachers' speeches perfectly, which really amazes hisclassmates.10. Smoking is compared to self-poisoning and self-destroying, thus makingthe (evil) effects of smoking cigarettes truly alarming.interferencethrillerscarcespecificconsumption / consumerdeceptioninvasion / invaderprocession1. Multinational corporations protested strongly against any unreasonable(interference) by some countries in the free marketplace.2.At the time a real threat of a(n) (invasion) of the British Isles existed, so the British troops were gathered around the coastline to get ready to fight against an invading fleet.(Consumption) is relatively low, and it shows that the economicproblem in the country stems from the dangerous side effects of careless politics and widespread poverty.4.The wedding (procession) was of an enormous size and enormoussplendor, which was started homeward and followed by a large banquet ata luxury hotel.5. When doing writing exercises for that English course, students shouldremember that they are writing according to (specific) structures.6.Among close family and good friends, (deception) is the worst part of life, and we believe in practicing good faith and honesty.7.Jobs are (scarce) at the moment, so you should be realistic in yourchoices about the pay, working hours, medical benefits, bonuses, etc.8.The writer was thinking about writing some kind of (thrillers) because it would help him become popular through making his plot more attractive to the young.The animal rights movement is a social movement which seeks an end to using animals in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries, (1)(hence) being called animal liberation. It advocates the idea that the most basic interests of non-human creatures should be (2)(afforded) the same consideration as those of human beings.Advocates (3)(lobby) for animal rights from different aspects, ranging from the focus on animal suffering in laboratories to the argument that (4) (insists) on not casting animals as properties of human beings. Despite the different approaches, advocates broadly (5)(consent) to the opinion that animals should be viewed as non-human members of the moral community and should be (6)(omitted) from being food, clothing, entertainment, orresearch subjects. The idea of (7)(awarding) rights to animals wins the support of several prominent scholars.However, some critics argue that animals are unable to enter into a social contract or moral (8)(compass) and for that reason cannot be granted rights. Only humans have duties and, therefore, only humans have rights. There is nothing wrong or (9)(evil) about using animals as resources so long as there is no unnecessary suffering. From within the animal rights movement itself, there has also been (10)(criticism) of certain forms of animal rights activism, in particular the destruction of fur farms and animal laboratories..Some people have (persisted in) a traditional view that languagelearning is essentially the same as the learning of grammar or language rules.2. Regular review of the teaching material in school ensures that the coursesprovided (have relevance to) the workplace and what students will do in the future.3. Job opportunities are expanding rapidly, and more and more people are(becoming aware of) online chances that allow them to work at home.4.They have put old women in nursing "homes", (isolated from) human warmth and contact, and then complained that they had lost their mental abilities.5.Some organizations are exploiting local people (in the name of)scientific research: They are collecting genetic material for commercial purposes.6.Day care centers for the elderly (make a contribution) to overall public service; they did a lot to make the life of the old active, valuable andmeaningful.7.The policeman has (been occupied with) extra duties, so he would nothave the time either for answering questions or being interviewed.8.What the chairman said did not (tip the scales) much to his advantage;his statement can be only considered as a slim chance for gainingapproval.Many people will give some excuse not to keep a pet: They smell bad, they are messy, they are expensive, or I don't have enough time to take care of them. While most of these reasons sound plausible, there are some good reasons why you should keep a pet to have a positive life.First, pets can give you unconditional love and companionship. Pets make you always feel accepted and loved. They are always good listeners and respond to love, regardless of whether you are blind, deaf, ill or depressed. When coming home from a long, stressful day of school or work, you see a cute animal waiting for you in front of the door. You can't help but feel happy!In addition to companionship, pets can greatly increase your physical activity and improve your overall state of health. It is proven that a person who owns a pet is less likely to struggle with ailments and serious medical problems. Owning a pet can help people lower the blood pressure, fight loneliness, and conquer depression. Long walks with a dog also burn your calories! Undoubtedly, keeping pets makes you busier and leaves you more work to do. However, pets give you a sense of responsibility. If you do not care well enough for your pets, they will be ill or even die. Having a pet is a great way to learn the value of responsible ownership. You will discover that life is not just about you. Just like parenthood, owning a pet requires a lot of time and effort. After all, everyone should keep a pet because pets provide you with unconditional love, help you retain good health, and teach you to be responsible. Even though it sometimes means more work and unexpected trouble, it's worth our effort.世界自然基金会（WWF）是一个致力于有关保护、研究和修复环境议题的国际性非政府组织。
新视野大学英语读写教程第一册课后答案Unit8
新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 8答案VocabularyIII1. sources2. stable3. process4. composed5. observing6. combination7. explosion8. existence9. occupied 10. creationIV.1. at2.in3.on4.for5.on6. between7. for8.with9.at 10.ofV.1.J2.L3.G4.M5.O6.A7.I8.B9.D 10.ESentence StructureVI.1. It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form.2. The Gaels’ offspring are the modern Scots and Irish, some of whom still speak the Gaelic language.3. George explained that this was the official dress for taking examination, many of which wee held in June.4. The Miracle, for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long, happened at last.5. The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes through which the solution was found.VII.1. the more knowledge he will have2. the less he liked it3. the less you have to pay for it4. the more exciting it will be5. the greater progress you will makeTranslationIII.1. There are twenty universities in this city, some of which areworld-famous.2. the more he thinks about it, the angrier he becomes.3. She was filled with pity for the innocent victims.4. He was occupied with his business matters and didn’t have time to think about a holiday.5. The country’s economy depends to some degree on the import of raw materials.6. After several discussions between the members of the committee,a new plan of action began to take shape.IX.1. 出租汽车公司新雇了50个司机，其中有的人刚拿到驾驶证。
大学英语II第8次作业
本次作业是本门课程本学期的第8次作业，注释如下：大学英语II 第8单元作业题一、单项选择题(只有一个选项正确，共40道小题)1. –I heard your brother broke his leg.–[本题2分](A) I’m sorry.(B) Yes, but he’s going fine.(C) That’s too bad.(D) Please don’t say that.正确答案：B解答参考：[第八单元]B 只有选项B能够与题干搭配，并进一步提供信息。
2. –What’s the news?–[本题2分](A) I don’t know.(B) The president is going to visit the town tomorrow.(C) Yes, it is interesting.(D) It doesn't matter.正确答案：B解答参考：[第八单元]B 题干问“有什么新闻吗？”即使不知道也不能回答I don’t know，显得没有礼貌。
故选B，说明新闻的具体内容。
3. –Guess what I just found out.–[本题2分](A) No, I can’t.(B) It’s none of my business.(C) I’ve got no idea(D) Yes, I can.正确答案：C解答参考：[第八单元]C 题干意思是“你猜我刚知道了什么？”选项C表示“猜不出、不知道”。
4. –It’s great that you got into such a good university.–[本题2分](A) Oh, that’s nothing.(B) Don’t mention it.(C) I had a large dose of good luck.(D) It’s my pleasure.正确答案：C解答参考：[第八单元] C Don’t mention it. 和It’s my pleasure. 都表示“不用谢”，选项C意为“我是运气好”，表示谦虚，。
全国大学英语四级模拟题8及答案
第一部分、作文Part V. Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting volunteers. You should write at Least 120 words following theoutline given below :1．校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者2．本次志愿者活动的目的、活动安排等3．报名条件及联系方式Volunteers Needed第二部分、听力PartⅠ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A1. A) They went a long way to attend the party.B) They didn't think much of the food and drinks.C) They knew none of the other guests at the party.D) They enjoyed the party better than the other guests.2. A) To the bookstore. C) To the market.B) To the dentist's. D) To the post office.3. A) Dr. Andrews has been promoted for his thoroughness.B) She disagrees with Dr. Andrews on many occasions.C) Dr. Andrews used to keep his patients waiting.D) She dislikes Dr. Andrews as much as the new physician.4. A) Tom is usually talkative. C) Tom has dozens of things to attend to.B) Tom has a very bad temper. D) Tom is disliked by his colleagues.5. A) To pickup the woman from the library.B) To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C) To find out more about the topic for the seminar.D) To get the seminar schedule for the woman.6. A) The woman has to get the textbooks in other ways.B) The woman has sold her used textbooks to the bookstore.C) The man is going to buy his textbooks from a bookstore.D) The man doesn't want to sell his textbooks to the woman.7. A) Attend a conference. C) Meet his lawyer.B) Give a speech. D) Make a business trip.8 A) Jessie always says what she thinks.B) Jessie seems to have a lot on her mind.C) Jessie is wrong to find fault with her boss.D) Jessie should know the marketing director better.9. A) Heien is talkative. C) Helen is sociable.B) Helen is active. D) Helen is quiet.10. A) Jimmy will regret marrying a Frenchwoman.B) Jimmy is not serious in making decisions.C) Jimmy is rich enough to buy a big house.D) Jimmy's words are often not reliable.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) It can be used by farmers to protect large buildings.B) It was brought to the northern USA by Asian farmers.C) It has done more harm than good in the southern USA.D) It was introduced into the USA to kill harmful weeds.12. A) People will have to rely on kudzu for a living.B) They will soon be overgrown with kudzu.C) They will become too hard to plough.D) People will find it hard to protect the soil.13. A) The farmers there have brought it under control.B) The factories there have found a good use for it.C) The climate there is unfavorable to its growth.D) The soil there is not so suitable for the plant.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) A business corporation.C) A society of legal professionals.B) The universe as a whole.D) An association of teachers and scholars.15. A) Its largest expansion took place during that period.B) Its role in society went through a dramatic change.C) Small universities combined to form bigger ones.D) Provincial colleges were taken over by larger universities.16. A) Private donations.C) Grants from corporations.B) Government funding.D) Fees paid by students.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) He was wounded in the Spanish civil war.B) He was interested in the study of wild animals.C) He started the organization Heifer International.D) He sold his cows to many countries in the world.18. A) To help starving families to become self-supporting.B) To make plans for the development of poor communities.C) To teach people how to use new skills to raise animals.D) To distribute food to the poor around the world.19. A) They should help other families the way they have been helped.B) They should offer all baby animals to their poor neighbors.C) They should submit a report of their needs and goals.D) They should provide food for the local communities.20. A) It has improved animal breeding skills all over the world.B) It has helped relieve hunger in some developing countries.C) It has promoted international exchange of farming technology.D) It has bridged the gap between the rich and the poor in America.第三部分、阅读理解PartⅡ Reading Comprehe nsion (35 minutes)Passage oneInterest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years. enhanced by chronic (长久的 ) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.Professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language.When applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one- or two-page document describing one's educational qualifications and professional experience. However, guidelines for preparing a r6sum6 are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司) culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. The following list is a good place to start.● "Educational requirements differ from country to country. In almost every case of 'cross- border' job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not bean adequate description. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience. " daohangtigong● Pay attention to the resume format you use-chronological or reverse-chronological order. Chronological order means listing your 'oldest' work experience first. Reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. Most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. If you find no specific guidelines. the general preference is for the reverse-chronological format. "● If you are submitting your resume in English, find out if the recipient （收件人) uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions. For example, university education is often referred to as 'tertiary education' in the United Kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the United States. A reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains errors.21. Companies are hiring more foreign employees becauseA) they find foreign employees are usually more talentedB) they need original ideas from employees hired overseasC) they want to expand their business beyond home bordersD) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home22. The author believes that an individual who applies to work overseasA) is usually creative and full of initiativeB) aims to improve his foreign language skillsC) is dissatisfied with his own life at homeD) seeks either his own or his children's development23. When it comes to resume writing, it is best toA) take cultural factors into considerationB) learn about the company's hiring processC) follow appropriate guidelines for job huntingD) know the employer's personal likes and dislikes24. When writing about qualifications, applicants are advised toA) stress their academic potential to impress the decision makerB) give the title of the university degree they have earned at homeC) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiencesD) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a 'cross-border' career25. According to the author's last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware ofA) the different educational systems in the US and the UKB) the differences between the varieties of EnglishC) the recipient's preference with regard to the formatD) the distinctive features of American and British culturesQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Passage twoEducating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women's education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school - the prophecy （预言) becomes self- fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.26. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries isA) troublesome C) rewardingB) labor-saving D) expensive27. By saying "... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling ..." (Lines 45. Para. 2). the author means thatA) girls will turn out to be less valuable than boysB) girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsC) girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachD) girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home28. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle whenA) women care more about educationB) girls can gain equal access to educationC) a family has fewer but healthier childrenD) parents can afford their daughters' education29. What does the author say about women's education?A) It deserves greater attention than other social issues.B) It is now given top priority in many developing countries.C) It will yield greater returns than other known investments.D) It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.30. 7be passage mainly discussesA) unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB) the potential earning power of well-educated womenC) the major contributions of educated women to societyD) the economic and social benefits of educating womenPassage ThreeSpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro- processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite positioning receiver. ff the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle's engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted. daoahngtigongIn the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. 'The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,' says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won't allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting bold of the owner's keys. And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen. The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle's movements via the car's GPS unit.31. What's the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car?A) To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.B) To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen.C) To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.D) To prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car owner.32. By saying 'The pattern of vehicle crime has changed' (Lines 1-2. Para. 3). Martyn Randall suggests thatA) it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealingB) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theftC) the thief has to make use of computer technologyD) the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old33. What is essential in making a modem car tougher to steal?A) A coded ignition key. C) A special cellphone signal.B) A unique ID card. D) A GPS satellite positioning receiver.34. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations centre?A) To leave time for the operations centre to give an alarm.B) To keep police informed of the car's movements.C) To give the driver time to contact the operations centre.D) To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.35. What will the operations centre do first after receiving an alarm?A) Start the tracking system. C) Block the car engine.B) Contact the car owner. D) Locate the missing car.Passage FourPsychiatrists 精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing - older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents' biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor. often means parents, particularly fathers, "end up retiring much later." For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf. a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he's also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean young. Lately he's been taking afternoon naps (午睡) daohang to keep up his energy. "My body is aging," says Metcalf. "You can't get away from that."Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. "They worry they'll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they'll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school," says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: "that they won't be alive long enough to supportand protect their child," she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertilily (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband. Randy, had twins. "We both wanted children," says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, "a sense of family." Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. 'The dads are older, more mature," says Dr. Silber, "and more ready to focus on parenting."36. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?A) Older parents are often better prepared financially.B) Older parents can take better care of their children.C) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.D) Older parents can better balance their resources against children's demands.37. What does the author mean by saying "For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream" (Lines 7-8, Para. 1)?A) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.B) They can't obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.C) They can't get full pension unless they work some extra years.D) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.38. The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show thatA) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic childrenB) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced ageC) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodiesD) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy39. What's the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joan Galst?A) Approaching of death. C) Being laughed at by other people.B) Slowing down of their pace of life. D) Being mistaken for grandparents.40. What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.B) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.C) Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.D) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.第四部分、词汇Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)4l. People's expectations about the future may have more influence on their sense ofwell-being than their state does.A) current C) modernB) initial D) primitive42. After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no to go to the party with us.A) taste C) senseB) mood D) emotion43. There is already clear to show that plants and animals are being affected by climateA) witness C) identityB) certification D) evidence44. Many women still feel that they are being by a male culture, particularly in the professional services sector.A) held back C) held onB) held forth D) held out45. The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation andA) privileges C) possessionsB) possibilities D) preferences46. It's good to know that quite a few popular English expressions actually from the Bible.A) acquire C) deriveB) obtain D) result47. Tom, did it ever to you that you would be punished for cheating on exams?A) happen C) reflectB) occur D) strike48. In the US, 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is to sellcigarettes to anyone under that age.A) liable C) irrationalB) liberal D) illegal49. According to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal's most memorable facialA) feature C) spotB) hint D) signature50. Brarll's constitution the military use of nuclear energy.A) withdraws C) interruptsB) forbids D) objects51. Some people argue that the death does not necessarily reduce the number of murders.A) plot C) penaltyB) practice D) pattern52. Many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest ones.A) distinguish C) dissolveB) disguise D) discount53. A study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to the habit of smoking.A) make up C) draw upB) turn up D) pickup54. Almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good on a potential employer.A) illusion C) impressionB) reputation D) reflection55. A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty toin research activities.A) specialize C) consistB) participate D) involve56. Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployment benefits allow the couple totheir comfortable home.A) come in for C) look forward toB) catch up with D) hold on to57. Although many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is debate over the best ways tothe problem.A) relate C) fileB) tackle D) attach58. An important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination is the of your mind.A) state C) situationB) case D) circumstance59. Research shows that there is no relationship between how much a person earns and whether he feels good about life.A) successive C)significantB) subsequent D) sincere60. Sadly, as spending on private gardens has , spending on public parks has generally declined. A) heightened C) flownB) lifted D) soared61. Lung cancer, like some other cancers, often doesn't produce until it is too late and has spread beyond the chest to the brain, liver or bones.A) trails C) symptomsB) therapies D) symbols62. With the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are 50 to 60 years old are usually the first to beA) laid off C) laid outB) laid aside D) laid up63. The physical differences between men and women can be directly to our basic n as hunters and child-bearers.A) pursued C) switchedB) traced D) followed64. It is clear that the dog has a much greater of its brain devoted to smell than is the case with humans.A) composition C) percentB) compound D) proportion65. American college students are increasingly with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather serious.A) boosted C) dischargedB) burdened D) dominated66. Numerous studies already link the first meal of the day to better classroomA) performance C) behaviorB) function D) display67. The most successful post-career athletes are those who can take the identity and fife skills the learned in sports and them to another area of life.A) utilize C) applyB) employ D) exert68. The technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been only to the very rich.A) manageable C) acceptableB) measurable D) affordable69. Being out of work, lane can no longer friends to dinners and movies as she used to.A) urge C) appealB) treat D) compel70. by the superstars on television, the young athletes trained hard and played intensely.A) Imitated C) InsuredB) Imposed D) Inspired第五部分、完形填空Part IV Cloze (15 minutes)The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm's attention is the design of cities. buildings and products. When we designed America's first so-called "green" office building in New York two decades 71, we felt very alone. But today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the 72 that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to 73 .Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren't designed for 74 use. The "energy-efficient" sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 75 indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So far 20 years. we've been focusing on these materials 76 to the molecules, looking for ways to make them 77 for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials-such as paints that release significantly _78_ amounts of organic compounds -that don't 79 the quality of the air, water, or soil. Ultimately. 80_, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being "less bad" but on creating 81 healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil _82_ reused by industry again and again. As a matter of _83, the world's largest carpet manufacturer has already _ 84_"_ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable (可循环用的).Look at it this way: No one __85 out to create a building that destroys the planet. But our current industrial systems are } 86 causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So 87_ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are _88_ a positive approach. We're giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a 89 effect on the world. It's not just the building industry, either. 90_ cities are taking these environmentallypositive approaches to design, planning and building. Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities. Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.71. A) ago C) before B) off D) away72. A) practice C) idea B) outlook D) scheme73. A) go C) arrive B) come D) continue74. A) indoor C) relevant B) inward D) flexible75. A) displayed C) exhibited B) discovered D) revealed76. A) back C) next B) down D) near77. A) comfortable C) safe B) cautious D) stable78. A) reduced C) descended B) revised D) delayed79. A) deny C) dissolve B) depress D) destroy80. A) besides C) anyhow B) however D) anyway81. A)partially C) completely B) exactly D) superficially82.A)or C) but B)and D) nor83. A) interest C) principle B) fact D) course84. A) sketched C) researched B) constructed D) developed85. A) starts C) looks B) pulls D) makes86. A) basically C) traditionally B) originally D) inevitably87. A) because C) instead B) out D) regardless88. A) adjusting C) adopting B) admitting D) adapting89. A) functional C) precious B) beneficial D) sensible90. A) Entire C) Full B) Total D) Complete答案第一部分、作文Dear fellow students,Attention, please! We are now recruiting volunteers to participate in (take part in / get involved in) a voluntary program held by the student union during the summer break.The details of our activity are listed as follows. First, this activity is aimed at cultivating (giving a boost to ) your sense of responsibility, broadening your vision and sharpening your edge because, as our economy evolves at an incredible speed, it is becoming increasingly vital for young adults in the Ivory Tower to get in touch with the real world. Second, our activity begins at July 10th and ends at July 20th. . Plus, the schedule involves blood donation, looking after senior citizens and conducting a survey on the city's traffic system to put forward our suggestions.Any full-time or part-time students in our college are welcomed to join our team. For further information, please call us at 135****** or send your email to .。
unit8大学英语综合教程答案
BOOK 1 - Unit 8 - Language Focus - Vocabulary1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given below.Changethe form where necessary.1) The problem of air pollution in our city is very serious because ours is a bigzone of both residential and [industrial] buildings.2) Average students who work hard usually do better than clever students who are[idle].3) When the camera [is functioning] properly, a green light comes on.4) The fundamental issue in the current debate is whether environmental leadcontamination (环境铅污染) causes [intellectual] impairment (受损) in children.5) The girl, [scared] and trembling, stood in the doorway hiding from the man whohad followed her.6) It is reported that no more than a [handful] of . companies have been successfulin the Japanese market.7) I've been doing the summer job for two months now. It would be a [luxury] tobe able to have a day off.8) Clarence refused to comment on the state of his marriage, saying it is a [private] 慭瑴牥尮9) William [woke up] late and didn't get to work until ten o'clock.10) We agreed before we did the deal that we'd both take an equal [slice] of the profit.11) When you look at the state of his car it's a [miracle] that he wasn't killed!12) A week before the Spring Festival the telephone exchange [was jammed] with people wanting to book train tickets.2. Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the same meaning. The first part has been writtenforyou.1) The rise in gas prices will probably have a serious effect on the cost ofelectricity. (affect)The cost of electricity is likely[to be seriously affected by the rise in gasprices].2) I couldn't care less whether you stay or leave. (indifference)].Whether you stayor leave[is a matter of total indifference to me3) The personnel manager of the company explained very clearly that they neededextra people. (drive home)drove home the point that they needed extra The personnel manager of the company[].people4) They found the missing will after a long hunt. (search for)].The missing will[was found after they searched for it for a long time5) There was no water left by the time they got to the camp. (run out of)].They[had run out of water by the time they got to the campin phrases words or the following, using the 3. Complete brackets. Make additions or changes where necessary.] manual1) With the help of a bank loan, the company employed a group of skilled [result As a put on the market. [and complex] products were developed and workers. Newits financial]problems. (financial, complex, manual)the company solved [] writing in the ] to find it so hard to [make a living by2) Philip [was very upset other some career and try he would give up his writing swore new country. He [] that] when he was much better off / became much better off job. To his delight, he [switchedto teaching, and even had adequate money for a new car. (swear, upset,better off, make a living)3) The other day my friend John and I paid a visit to the museum of fine arts in] of original paintings by handful our city. The museum had recently acquired a [] art,I turned to John and asked how her Ignorant of an American woman artist. [summed /works [paintings summed up replied works struck him. John that for him, herup] the restless spirit of America. (ignorant, sum up, handful)BOOK 1 - Unit 8 - Language Focus - Words with Multiple Meanings Now write sentences of your own, using make and the given words.1. young man, $5, hour, in his summer job[The young man made $5 an hour in his summer job.]2. what, you, change your mind[What made you change your mind?]3. I'm sure, Jason, good lawyer[I'm sure Jason will make a good lawyer.])4. vet, put something, down the dog's throat, it, vomit (呕吐][The vet put something down the dog's throat to make it vomit.5. story, interesting reading][The story makes interesting reading.6. five, and, five, ten][Five and five make ten.7. on foot, they, can, only, about 20 miles, a day[On foot they can only make about20 miles a day.]8. I don't think, she, ever, really, it, to the top[I don't think she'll ever reallymake it to the top.]BOOK 1 - Unit 8 - Language Focus - Word Family 1. Study the following words. Then use them correctly in thesentences below.] stages of the disease.1) These drugs are effective in the [developing], some of the most important things they learn have to do develop2) As children [with their sense of self.3) The county government has taken various measures to encourage local economicdevelopment].[of sense develop[] a we're school trying to teach young people to 4) Atresponsibility.] and developing5) A lot remains to be done to narrow the wide gap between the [] countries across the world.[developedBOOK 1 - Unit 8 - Language Focus - Comprehensive Exercises1. Complete the following passage with words chosen fromthe Words and Phrases to Drill box. Change the form where necessary.History provides many examples of the decline of great nations. The causes are[complex] (1), but one reason may simply be that wealthy parents tend to produce[idle] (2) children. Never having had to struggle to [make a living by] (3) hard work, they rely on the wealth [accumulated] (4) by their parents and grandparentsto provide them with an easy life.] (5) the future of their ownaffect Some Americans fear that this problem may [country. An advanced economy needs educated workers if it is to [function] (6) properly, yet many young Americans are content to allow their intellectual[faculties] (7) to remain idle and seem unconcerned by how [ignorant](8) they are. However, if they are to hold their place in the world, they will have to be ableto compete. To do so they will have to [wake up] (9) to the need for hard work,education, saving and discipline.2. Read the passage carefully until you have got its mainidea,and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box.Dear Mom and Dad,Everything is OK, well, almost everything — you see, I have a terrible headacheabout every half hour. I've been having this headache ever since I jumped from my[dormitory] (1) during the fire. A fine-looking young man was [passing] (2) by my window when he saw the flames [leaping] (3) from the window. He was kind enoughto call the fire [department] (4) and ambulance. Since my furniture was [burned](5) up and my room [destroyed] (6), I have been staying at this young man's apartment.I thought [seriously] (7) about marrying him but I know how you feel about mixed[marriages](8).Mom and Dad — none of the above happened to me. I don't have a headache. Therewas not a fire in the dorm and I didn't meet a young man with whom I'm living.I'm writing this letter to tell you that I've just received my [report] (9) card. I have three D's and two F's. I just thought, if I put this in a different[perspective] (10), it would sound better!Your Loving Daughter3. Translate the following sentences into English, usingthewords or phrases in brackets.1) 没有个人档案，求职者很难指望受雇当老师。
大学英语V第二次作业
一、单项选择题(只有一个选项正确，共25道小题)1. ---Let me introduce myself. I'm Albert.--- _______ .(A) What a pleasure(B) It's my pleasure(C) I'm very pleased(D) Pleased to meet you正确答案：D解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题2. ---Do you mind if I keep pets in this building? ---_______.(A) I’d rather you didn’t, actually(B) Of course not, it’s not allowed here(C) Great! I love pets(D) No , you can’t正确答案：A解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题3. --- What about having a drink?---_______(A) Good idea.(B) Help yourself.(C) Go ahead , please(D) Me, too.正确答案：A解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题4. ---Why was the secret meeting held?---_______.(A) Set the castle on fire(B) To set the castle on fire(C) Setting fire to the castle(D) For setting fire to the castle正确答案：B解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题5. ---What you said at the meeting hurt me badly.---_______ .(A) Sorry. But I don’t mean it(B) Sorry. But I don’t mean to(C) Sorry. But I didn’t mean to(D) Sorry. But I didn’t mean it正确答案：C解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题6. ---You forgot to feed the cat again!---_______(A) I can’t remember.(B) I don’t mind feeding her again.(C) I’ll do it now.(D) Yes, I did. What about you?正确答案：C解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题7. ---Do you think our basketballers played very well yesterday? ---_______.(A) They were not nervous at all(B) They were still young(C) They played naturally(D) They couldn’t have done better正确答案：D解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题8. --- How long will you be away from Italy?---_______.(A) Yes, I’ll be in Italy(B) About a month(C) Yes, it’s a long way to Italy(D) Since last month正确答案：B解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题9. ---What do you think of his suggestion?---_______.(A) No, I don’t believe it(B) It’s hard to say, actually(C) Sorry, I can’t remember her(D) I never think of it正确答案：B解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题10. ---What was your journey like?---________.(A) It was terribly interesting(B) Yes, I like it very much(C) I like traveling(D) I don’t like traveling at all.正确答案：A解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题11. As the Spring Festival is drawing _______, people are getting busier and bu sier.(A) near(B) nearly(C) almost(D) closely正确答案：A解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题12. Although he likes playing tennis, he is _______ but a good tennis player.(A) anything(B) something(C) nothing(D) everything正确答案：A解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题13. The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he ______ in the mud all morning.(A) has played(B) is playing(C) has been playing(D) was playing正确答案：C解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题14. Take the medicine now. I believe it will______your pain.(A) release(B) relive(C) reject(D) relieve正确答案：D解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题15. We've _______paper and ink. Ask Mrs. Edward to lend us some.(A) run away with(B) run out of(C) run off(D) run down正确答案：B解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题16. History is a record of mankind; different historians, _______, interpret it differently.(A) therefore(B) on the contrary(C) however(D) consequently正确答案：C解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题17. It's vital that enough money _______ collected to get the project started.(A) is(B) be(C) must be(D) can be正确答案：C解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题18. They have developed techniques which are _______ to those used in most fact ories...(A) more(B) better(C) greater(D) superior正确答案：D解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题19. It is so hot. You should put the food into the refrigerator now. Otherwise, it will soon________.(A) harm(B) hurt(C) spoil(D) damage正确答案：C解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题20. If anybody calls, tell them I'm out and ask them to_______their name and address.(A) pass(B) write(C) take(D) leave正确答案：D解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题21. My parents tried their best to laugh _______ my fears for the coming examin ation.(A) from(B) away(C) against(D) into正确答案：B解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题22. How can we best_______ our limited resources?(A) employ(B) utilize(C) enforce(D) enlarge正确答案：B解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题23. In winter, animals have a hard time_______ anything to eat.(A) to find(B) to finding(C) to find out(D) finding正确答案：D解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题24. Don't forget _______ the window before leaving the room.(A) to have closed(B) to close(C) having closed(D) closing正确答案：B解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题25. The fisherman, _______ poor, could not buy another boat.(A) is(B) was(C) being(D) been正确答案：C解答参考：[第二单元]大学英语V第2单元作业题（注意：若有主观题目，请按照题目，离线完成，完成后纸质上交学习中心，记录成绩。
新编大学英语第三册uint8课后练习(答案和翻译)
1.A recent survey reveals a grim fact that every year inthat asian country 78,0000 women die from __complication____ related to childbirth.最近的一项调查揭示了一个残酷的事实，亚洲每年有78000位妇女死于分娩并发症．2.When we are faced with a challenge, self-discouragementand self-encouragement can make a ___tremendous___ difference between a life of fear, frustration and a life of joy and harmony.当我们面对挑战的时候，沮丧和自我激励对生活的恐惧和挫折和开心和谐的生活有着巨大的区别．3.When spring is at last freed from winter’s bond, silentbirds arrive in their full songs and lifeless flowers burst forth in ___brilliant___ bloom.当春天摆脱了冬天的束缚，静寂的小鸟带着歌声来到，死气沉沉的花朵绽放着灿烂的生机4.Behavior ___analysis_is a natural scientific approachto the study of all behavior, and behavior analysts areconcerned with how our surroundings and personal histories determine who we are.行为分析是一种自然科学的方法研究所有的行为，行为分析师关心什么样的生活环境和个人历史决定我们是谁．5.A successful bone marrow _transplant___ can help curecancers of the blood. It is a tragedy that nearly one-third of all patients seeking a _transplant___are unable to find a donor whose bone marrow closely matches their own.一个成功的骨髓移植手术可以帮助治愈血癌，这是个悲剧，近三分之一的病人无法找到一个捐赠者的骨髓和自己的相匹配．6.“___In a sense_, the stark reality of the financialcrisis provides arare opportunity to rethink an economic system that has lost touch with the real wor ld,” said our professor of economics at a recent lecture.从某种意思上来说，金融危机严峻的显示提供了一个难得的机会让我们重新思考一个经济系统脱离了现实＂我们的经济学教授最近的一次演讲．7.On the rare occasions when he ___consented_____ to dointerviews, he usually sat silent and still, staring stone-faced at puzzled journalists.在极少数情况下，当他同意作采访，他通常沉默，仍然坐着，面无表情的盯着困惑的记者8._In some ways__, you’re like your mother. She didn’tcare who she hurt, just as long as she got what she wanted.在某些方面，你有点象你的母亲，她不在乎自己受伤没有，她只在乎她得到他想要的9.Deaf dogs can manage surprisingly well, with their____eyesight__and sense of smell helping to compensate for their lack of hearing.聋狗可以管理的非常好，它们的视力和嗅觉帮助它们弥补听力的不足．10.These nursing homes are meant to give old people asense of dignity and worth, but _In reality__they live in an isolated world cut off from both family and the wider community.这些疗养院是为了给老人们尊严和价值，但在现实中他们生活在一个孤立的世界切断了他们同家庭和社会的联系11.Is it sickening to think of a time when embryos willbe_Implanted_ in a man’s body, and develop. And be born, perhaps by caesarian section.当把胚胎植入一个人的身体，再成长，然后可能通过剖腹产生出来想起来就令人作呕．12.You can increase the life of your air-conditioner byperforming simple, routine cleaning __procedures___in accordance with the owner’s manual.空调可以通过做些简单的操作改善你的生活，按照用户手册日常清洁程序。
2019大一轮高考总复习英语北师大版习题：Unit 22 Envi
课时作业(二十二)A卷·基础强化练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The separation (separate) between us has proved to be a blessing for me.2．Even in advanced agricultural (agriculture) societies，it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.3．The schools must adopt (adoption) new methods of teaching foreign languages.4．Then they played a game in which they were asked to allocate (allocation) money between themselves and someone else.5．Some members of the committee expressed reservations (reserve) about the proposal.6．Anger is the natural reaction we experience when we feel threatened (threat) or frustrated.7．These countries have been seriously disadvantaged by the financial (finance) crisis.8．It’s well known that one can’t separate politics (political) from economics.9．He always considers the needs of others.So we can say he is quite considerate. (consider) 10．I bought a sharp sharpener to sharpen my pencil yesterday．(sharp)11．If we are given (give) another two weeks，we will be able to finish the task.12．When they got there the injured had been sent (send) to the nearest hospital.13．(2016·四川卷) This means (mean) that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.14．There’s no substitute for that watch.Ⅱ.单句改错1．It is sleeping late in the morning that leads to be late for work．be→being2．Giving his age，he has done very well．Giving→Given3．Can you substitute the teacher who is ill？substitute后加for4．All the players insisted that the judge treated them equally and fairly during the matches．treated→ (should) treat5．Tom went to work in a hurry this morning，leaving the door opening．opening→open 6．The teacher asked them to come up in turns to collect their books．turns→turn7．I caught him by his arm as soon as I caught sight of him．his→the8．It was coincidence that they were absent from the meeting yesterday．coincidence前加a 9．The man referring to by us just now is from America．referring→referred10．All the aspects taking into consideration，he designed a good pattern．taking→taken 11．Can you replace the light to a brighter one？to→with/by12．The old man was trapped by the burning house at that moment．by→inⅢ.完成句子1．His long and dull speech left all of us bored (使我们都很厌烦) ．2．Given that you are sick (考虑到你生病了) ，we’d better put off the meeting.3．The last decade has seen/witnessed (过去的十年见证了) the rapid development of China.4．Apart from being fun (除了有趣) and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.5．Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to (导致) many diseases.6．He left the room，leaving the door unlocked (没有锁门) ．Ⅳ.阅读理解A(2018·长春联考) Dolphins (海豚) are not fish，but warm-blooded animals.They live in groups，and speak to each other in their own language.In this way they are like other animals，such as bees and birds.But dolphins are very different from almost all land animals.Their brain is nearly the same size as our own，and they live a long time—at least twenty or thirty years.Like some animals，dolphins use sound to help them find their way around.They also make these sounds to talk to each other and to help them find food.We now know they do not use their ears to receive these sounds，but the lower part of the mouth，called the jaw.Strangely，dolphins seem to like man，and for thousands of years there have been stories about the dolphin and its friendship with people.There is a story about sailors in the 19th century.In a dangerous part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand，they learnt to look for a dolphin called Jack.From 1871 to 1903 Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way.Then in 1903 a passenger on a boat called The Penguin shot and wounded Jack.He recovered and for nine years more continued to guide all ships through the area—except for The Penguin.Today，some people continue to kill dolphins，but many countries of the world now protect them and in these places it is against the law to kill them.[语篇解读]本文介绍了海豚的情况，并举例说明海豚是人类的朋友。
专业英语第8单元作业.doc
8 Control Sensors&1 INTRODUCTIONIn feedback control system - plant（设备）response is measured and compared with a reference input and the error is automatically employed in controlling the plant. It follows that a measurement system is an essential component in any feedback control system and forms a vital link between the plant and the controller. Measurements are needed in many engineering applications. The measurement process has to be automated, however, in control systems applications.A typical measurement system consists of one or more sensor-transducer units and associated signal-conditioning （信号调理）（and modification 改善）devices （see Fig.8.1）. Filtering to remove unwanted noise and amplification to strengthen a needed signal are considered signal conditioning. Analog-to-digital conversion （ADC）, digital-to-analog conversion （DAC）, modulation （调制），and demodulation （角军调）are signal modification （信号土曾强、信号改善）methods. Note that signal conditioning can be considered under the general heading of signal modification. Even though data recording is an integral function in a typical data acquisition （数据采集）system, it is not a crucial function in a feedback control system. For this reason, we shall not go into details of data recording devices in this book. In a multiple measurement environment, a multiplexer （多路转换器）could be employed prior to or following the signal-conditioning process, in order to pick one measured signal at a time from a bank of data channels for subsequent processing. In this manner, one unit of expensive processing hardware can be time-shared （时分复用）between several signals. Sensor-transducer （传感器-变送器）devices are predominantly （主要的）analog components that generate analog signals, even though direct digital transducers are becoming increasingly popular in digital control applications. When analog transducers are employed, analog-to-digital converters （ADCs）have to be used to convert analog signals into digital data for digital control. This signal modification process requires sampling of analog signals at discrete time points. Once a value is sampled, it is encoded into a digital representation such as straight binary code, a gray code, binary-code decimal （BCD） code or American Standard Code for Information Interchange （ASCII）. The changes in an analogsignal due to its transient （瞬态的）nature should not affect this process of ADC. To guarantee this, a sample-and-hold （取样保持）operation is required during each sampling period. For example, the value of an analog signals detected （sampled） in the beginning of each sampling period and is assumed constant （held） throughout the entire sampling period. This is, in fact, the zero-order hold （零阶保持器）operation. The operations of multiplexing （多路选择），sampling, and digitizing have to be properly synchronized under the control of an accurate timing device （a clock）for proper operation of the control system. This procedure is shown schematically in Fig.8.2.All devices that assist in the measurement procedure can be interpreted （角军释）as components of the measurement system. Selection of available components for a particular application or design of new components should rely heavily on performance （?性能）specification （规范）for these components. A great majority of instrument ratings provided by manufacturers are in the form of static parameters. In control applications, however, dynamic performance specifications are also very important.When two or more components are interconnected, the behavior of individual components in the overall system can deviate （偏离）significantly from their behavior when each component operates independently. Matching of components in a multicomponent system, particularly with respect to their impedance characteristics, should be done carefully in order to improve system performance and accuracy.8・ 2 SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERSThe output variable （or response）that is being measured is termed （）the measurand （被测量）・Examples are acceleration and velocity if a vehicle, temperature and pressure if a process plant （冶炼厂），and current through an electric circuit. A measuring device passes through two stages while measuring a signal. First, the measured is sensed. Then, the measured signal is transuded （or converted） into a form that is particularly suitable for transmitting, signal conditioning, processing, or driving a controller or actuato匚For this reason, output of the transducer stage is often an electrical signal. The measured is usually an analog signal, because it represents the output of a dynamic system in feed backcontrol applications. Transducer output is discrete in direct digital transducers. This facilitates the direct interface of a transducer with a digital processor.The sensor and transducer stages of a typical measuring device are represented schematically (图解地) in Fig.8.3 (a). As an example, consider the operation of a piezoelectric (压电的)accelerometer (see Fig.8.3 (b)). In this case, acceleration is the measured. It is first converted into an ineTtiaO 惯“性的)force through a mass element and is exerted on a piezoelectric crystal within which a strain (张力) (stress 应力)is generated. This is considered the sensing stage. The stress generates a charge inside the crystal, which appears as an electric signal at the output of the accelerometer. This stress-to-charge conversion or stress-to-voltage conversion can be interpreted as the transducer stage.Measuring deviceMeasured(Typically-^•TransmittableAnalogy A complex measuring device can have more than one sensing stage. More often, the measured goes though several transducer stages before it is available for control and actuating purposes. Sensor and transducer stages are functional stages, and sometimes it is not easy or even feasible to identify physical elements associated with them. Furthermore, this separation is not very important in using existing devices. Proper separation of sensor and transducer stages (physically as well as functionally) can be crucial, however, when designing new measuring instruments.In some books, signal-conditioning devices such as electronic amplifiers ate also classified as transducers. Since we are treating signal-conditioning and modification devices separately from measuring devices, this unified classification is avoided whenever possible in this book. Instead, the term transducer is used primarily in relation to measuring instruments. Following the common practice, however, the terms sensor and transducer will be used interchangeably to denote measuring instruments.8.3 ANALOG SENSORS FOR MOTION MEASUREMENTsignal)8.3.1IntroductionMeasurement of plant outputs is essential for feedback control. Output measurements are also useful in performance evaluation （性能评价）of a process. Furthermore, in learning systems （e.g., teach-repeat operation （示教操作）of robotic manipulators 机器人操作臂），measurements are made and stored in the computer for subsequent use in operating the system. Input measurements are needed in feed forward control. It is evident 明显的，therefore, that the measurement subsystem is an important part of a control system.The measurement subsystem in a control system contains sensors and transducers that detect misbrand and convert them into acceptable signals一-typically, voltages. These voltage signals are then appropriately modified using signal-conditioning hardware such as filters, amplifiers, demodulators, and analog-to-digital converters. Impedance matching （阻抗匹酉己）might be necessary to connect sensors and transducers to signal-conditioning hardware.Accuracy of sensors, transducers, and associated signal-conditioning devices is important in control system applications for two main reasons. The measurement system in a feedback control system is situated in the feedback path of the control system. Even though measurements are used to compensate for the poor performance in the open-loop system, any errors in measurements themselves will enter directly into the system and cannot be corrected if they are unknown. Furthermore, it can be shown that sensitivity of a control system to parameter changes in the measurement system is direct. This sensitivity cannot be reduced by increasing the loop gain, unlike in the case of sensitivity to the open-loop components. Accordingly, the case of sensitivity to the open-loop components. Accordingly, the design strategy （策略）for closed-loop （feedback）control is to make the measurements very accurate and to employ a suitable controller to reduce other types of errors.Most sensor-transducer devices used in feedback control applications ate analog components that generate analog output signals. This is the case even in real-time direct digital control systems. When analog transducers are used in digital control applications, however, some type of analog-to-digital conversion （ADC） is needed to obtain a digital representation of the measured signal. The resulting digital signal is subsequently conditioned and processed using digital means.In the sensor stage, the signal being measured is felt as the "response of the sensorelement.This is converted by the transducer into the transmitted (or measured) quantity. In this respect, the output of a measuring device can be interpreted as the "response of the transducer." In control system applications, this output is typically (and preferably) an electrical signal. Note that it is somewhat redundant (重复的) to consider electrical-to-electrical sensors-transducers as measuring devices, particularly in control system studies, because electrical signals need conditioning only before they are fed into a controller or to a drive system. In this sense, electrical-to-electrical transduction should be considered a "conditioning" task rather than a "measuring” function.8.3.2Motion TransducersBy motion, we mean the four kinematics variables:•Displacement (including position, distance, proximity 接近，and size 大小or gage位移/厚度)•Velocity•Acceleration•Jerk振动/冲击/加加速度Note that each variable is the time derivative of the preceding one. Motion measurement is extremely useful in controlling mechanical responses and interactions in dynamic systems. Numerous examples can be cited of situations in which motion measurements are used for control purposes. The rotating speed of a work piece and the feed rate of a tool are measured in controlling machining operations. Displacements and speeds (both angular and translatory) at joints (revolute and prismatic) of robotic manipulators or kinematics linkages are used in controlling manipulator trajectory. Angular speed is a crucial measurement that is used in the control of rotating machinery, such as turbines, pumps, compressors, motors, and generators in power-generating plants. Proximity sensors(to measure displacement) and accelerometers(to measure acceleration) are the two most common types of measuring devices used in machine protection systems for condition monitoring, fault detection （故障定位），diagnosis, and on-line （often real-time ）control of large and complex machinery. The accelerometer is often the only measuring device used in controlling dynamic test rigs （设备）.Displacement measurements are used for valve （阀）control in process applications. Plate thickness（or gage） is continuously monitored by the automatic gage control （AGC 自动厚度控制）system in steel rolling mills （车L钢厂）・以上716完成A one-to-one relationship may not always exist between a measuring device and ameasured variable. For example, although strain gages （张力应力计,应变计）are devices that measure strains（and, hence, stresses and forces）, they can be adapted to measure displacements by using a suitable front-end auxiliary sensor element, such as a cantilever （悬臂）（or spring）・Furthermore, the same measuring device may be used to measure different variables through appropriate data interpretation （信号解释）techniques. For example, piezoelectric accelerometers with built-in microelectronic integrated circuitry are marketed as piezoelectric velocity transducers. Revolver signals that provide angular displacements are differentiated to get angular velocities. Pulse-generating （or digital）transducers, such as optical encoders and digital tachometers （转速计），can serve as both displacement transducers and velocity transducers, depending on whether the absolute number of pulses generated is counted or the pulse rate is measured. Note that pulse rate can be measured either by counting the number of pulses during a unit interval of time or by gating a high-frequency clock signal through the pulse width. Furthermore, in principle, any force sensor can be used as an acceleration sensor, velocity sensor, or displacement sensor, depending on whether an inertia element （converting acceleration into force）, a damping （阻尼）element （converting velocity into force）, or a spring element （converting displacement into force）, respectively, is used as the front-end （前端）auxiliary senso 匚We might question the need for separate transducers to measure the four kinematics variables—displacement, velocity, acceleration, and jerk■一because any one variable is related to any other through simple integration or differentiation. It should be possible, in theory, to measure only one of these four variables and use either analog processing (through analog circuit hardware) or digital processing (through a dedicated processor) to obtain any of the remaining motion variables. The feasibility (可彳亍'性) of this approach is highly limited, however, and it depends crucially on several factors, including the following:(1)The nature of the measured signal (e.g., steady, highly transient, periodic, narrow-band 窄带,broad-band 宽带).(2)The required frequency content of the processed signal (or the frequency range of interest).(3)The signal・to・noise ratio (SNR) of the measurement.(4)Available processing capabilities (e.g., analog or digital processing, limitations of the digital processor, and interface, such as the speed of processing, sampling rate, and buffer size).(5)Controller requirements and the nature of the plant (e.g., time constants, delays, hardware limitations).(6)Required accuracy in the end objective (on which processing requirements and hardware costs will depend).For instance, differentiation of a signal (in the time domain) is often unacceptable for noisy and high-frequency narrow-band signals. In any event, costly signal-conditioning hardware might be needed for preprocessing prior to differentiating a signal. As a rue of thumb (木艮据经验)，in low-frequency applications (on the order of 1 Hz), displacement measurements generally provide good accuracies. In intermediate-frequency (中频的) applications(less than 1 kHz), velocity measurement is usually favored 有利的.In measuring high-frequency motions with high noise levels, acceleration measurement is preferred. Jerk is particularly useful in ground transit (ride quality 适用于乘坐的品质)，manufacturing (forging 锻造，rolling 车L制，and similar impact-type 冲击型operations), and shock isolation (delicate 精密and sensitive 敏感equipment) applications.Our discussion of motion transducers will be limited mainly to the following types of devices:Potentiometers (电位计)(resistively coupled (电耦) devices)Variable-inductance 变电感transducers (electromagnetically coupled devices)Eddy current transducersVariable-capacitance 变容transducersPiezoelectric transducers8.4 DIGITAL TRANSDUCERS8.4.1 IntroductionAny transducer that presents information as discrete samples and that does not introduce a quantization error when the reading is represented in the digital form may be classified as a digital transducer. A digital processor plays the role of controller in a digital control system. This facilitates (使利于，促进) complex processing of measured signals and other known quantities in order to obtain control signals for the actuators (执行器、激励器)that drive the plant (机械设备)of the control system. If the measured signals are in analog form, an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) stage is necessary prior to digital processing. There are several other shortcomings of analog signals in comparison to digital measuring devices for digital control systems.Digital measuring devices (or digital transducers, as they are commonly known) generate discrete output signals such as pulse trains (脉冲序歹ll) or encoded data that can be directly read by a control processor. Nevertheless, the sensor stage of digital measuring devices is usually quite similar to that of their analog counterparts. There are digital measuring devices that incorporate microprocessors to perform numerical manipulations and conditioning locally and provide output signals in either digital or analog form. These measuring systems are particularly useful when the required variable is not directly measurable but could be computed using one or more measured outputs (e.g., power =force*speed). Although a microprocessor is an integral part of the measuring device in this case, it performs not a measuring task but, rather, a condition task. For our purposes, we shall consider the two tasks separately.The objective of this section is to study the operation and utilization of several types of direct digital transducers. Our discussion will be limited to motion transducer. Note, however, that by using a suitable auxiliary front-end sensor, other measured■一such as force, torque, and pressure 一-may be converted into a motion and subsequently measured using a motion transducer. For example, altitude (高度)(OT pressure) measurements in aircraft and aerospace applications are made using a pressure sensing front end, such as a bellows (膜盒)or diaphragm (膜片)device, in conjunction with an optical encoder to measure the resulting displacement. Motion, as manifested in physical systems, is typically continuous in time. Therefore, we cannot speak of digital motion sensors in general. Actually, it is the transducerstage that generates the discrete output signal in a digital motion measuring device. Commercially available direct digital transducers are not as numerous as analog sensors, but what is available has found extensive application.When the output of a digital transducer is a pulse signal, a counter is used either to count the pulses or to count clock cycles over one pulse duration. The count is first represented as a digital word according to some code; then it is read by a data acquisition and control computer. If, on the in a coded form (e.g., binary, binary-coded decimal, ASCII), it can be directly read by a computer. In the latter case, the coded signal is normally generated by a parallel set of pulse signals; the word depends on the pattern of the generated pulses.8.4.2Shaft Encoders (轴角编码器)Any transducer that generates a coded reading of a measurement can be termed an encoder. Shaft encoders are digital transducers that are used for measuring angular displacements and angular velocities. Application of these devices include motion measurement in performance monitoring and control of robotic manipulators, machine tools, digital tape-transport mechanisms, servo plotters and printers, satellite mirror positioning systems, and rotating machinery such as motors, pumps, compressors, turbines, and generators. High resolution (depending on the word size of the encoder) , high accuracy (particularly due to noise immunity of digital signals and superior construction), and relative ease of adaptation in digital control system cost and improvement of system reliability, are some of the relative advantages of digital transducer over their analog counterparts.Shaft encoders can be classified into two categories, depending on the nature and themethod of interpretation (译码) of the transducer output: (1) incremental encoders(增量编码器)and ⑵ absolute encoders(绝对编码器).The output of an incrementalencoder is a pulse signal that is generated when the transducer disk rotates as a resultof the motion that is being measured. By counting the pulses or by timing the pulsewidth using a clock signal, both angular displacement and angular velocity can bedetermined. Displacement, however, is obtained with respect to 关于some referencepoint on the disk, as indicated by a reference pulse (index pulse) generated at thatlocation on the disk. The index pulse count determines the number of fullrevolutions.★An absolute encoder (or whole-word encoder 整字编码器)has many of pulse tracks 轨道on its transducer disk. When the disk of an absolute encoder rotates, severalpulse trains 脉7中串 -- equal in number to the tracks on the disk ------------- a re generated simultaneously. At a given instant, the magnitude of each pulse signal will have one of two signal levels (i.e., a binary state), as determined by a level detector. This signal level corresponds to a binary digit (0 or 1). Hence, the set of pulse trains gives an encoded binary number at any instant. The pulse windows (孑L ) on the tracks can be organized into some pattern (code) so that each of these binary numbers corresponds to the angular position of the encoder disk at the time when the particular binary number is detected. Furthermore, pulse voltage can be made compatible with some form of digital logic (e.g., transistor-to-transistor logic, or TTL). Consequently, the direct digital readout of an angular position is possible, thereby expediting 力口速，促进digital data acquisition and processing. Absolute encoders are commonly used to measure fractions of a revolution. However, complete revolution can be measured using an additional track that generates an index pulse, as in the case of incremental encoder.The same signal generation (and pick・off 拾取, 截取)mechanism may be used in both types of transducers. Four techniques of transducer signal generation can be identified:(1)Optical (photo sensor 光学传感器)method.(2)Sliding contact 滑动接触(electrical conducting 电导)method.(3)Magnetic saturation 饱和(reluctance 磁阻)method.(4)Proximity sensor method.For a given type of encoder (incremental or absolute), the method of signal interpretation is identical for all four types of signal generation.In many control applications, encoders are built into the plant itself, rather than being externally fitted onto a rotation shaft. For instance, in a robot arm, the encoder might be an integral part of the joint 关节motor and may be located within its housing 夕卜壳/夕卜罩.This reduces coupling errors (耦合误差)(e.g., errors due to backlash I'可隙，shaft flexibility 弹 '性/柔度，and resonances i皆振added by the transducer and fixtures 夹具)，installation errors (e.g., eccentricity 偏心、率)，and overall cost.8.4.3Digital Tachometers★Since shaft encoders are also used for measuring angular velocities, they can be considered tachometers. In classic terminology, a digital tachometer is a device that employs a toothed wheel ( ) to measure angular velocities. A schematic diagram of one such device is shown in Fig.8.4. This is a magnetic induction tachometer of the variable-reluctance (变磁阻) type. The teeth on the wheel are made of ferromagnetic material. The two magnetic induction (and variable) proximity probes (探针) are placed facing the teeth radially 径向的，a quarter-pitch 四分之一齿距apart. When the toothed wheel rotates, the two probes generate output signals that are 90°out of 足巨离phase. One signal leads the other in one direction of rotation and lags 滞后the other in the opposite direction of rotation. In this manner, directional readings are obtained. The speed is the pulse width, as in the case of an incremental encoder以上718完成The advantages of these digital (pulse) tachometers over optical encoders include simplicity, robustness, and low cost. The disadvantages include poor resolution (determined by the number of teeth, the speed of rotation, and the word size used for data transmission), and mechanical errors due to loading, hysteriscs (迟滞)，and manufacturing irregularities.8.4. 4 Hall Effect SensorsConsider a semiconductor element subject to a DC voltage Uref. If a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the direction of this voltage, a voltage Uo will be generated in the third orthogonal[^垂直的direction within the semiconductor element. This is known as the Hall Effect 霍尔效应(observed by E. H. Hall in 1897). A schematic representation of a Hall Effect sensor is shown in Fig. 8. 5.A Hall Effect sensor may be used for motion sensing in many ways-fbr example, as an analog proximity sensor, a digital limit switch, or a digital shaft encode匚Since the output voltage Uo increases as the distance from the magnetic source to the semiconductor element decreases, the output signal Uo can be used as a measure of proximity. Alternatively, a certain threshold level of output voltage Uo can be used to activate a digital switch or to create a digital output, hence forming a digital limit switch.A more practical arrangement would be to have the semiconductor fixed relative to oneanother in a single package. By moving a ferromagnetic member into the air gap between the magnetic source and the semiconductor element, the flux linkage can be altered. This changes Uo. This arrangement is suitable both as an analog proximity sensor and as a limit switch.Furthermore, if a toothed ferromagnetic wheel is used to change Uo, we have a shaft encoder ora digital tachometer (see Fig. 8. 6).The longitudinal 纵向的arrangement of a proximity sensor, in which the moving element approaches head-on toward the sensor, is not suitable when there is a danger or overshooting the target, since it will damage the sensor. A more desirable configuration is the lateral 狈面的arrangement, in which the moving member slides by the sensing face of the sensor. The sensitivity will be lower, however, with this lateral arrangement.以上女生完成The relationship between the output voltage Uo and the distance x of a Hall Effect sensor measured from the moving member is nonlinear. Linear Hall effect sensors use calibration 校正to liberalize 线性化their output.以上女生与719都要做Vocabulary1. absolute encoder 绝对编码器2. accelerometer [®k.selo'romital n. 加速度测量仪3. actuator「®ktjueito]n. 执行机构4. analog-to-digital Conversion, ADC 模数转换器5. angular ['®Qgjula] a. 角的6. auxiliary [□：g'ziljori] a. 辅助的7. as a rule of thumb 根据经验8. bellows 「belouz]n. 膜盒9. binary-coded decimal, BCDBCD码，二-十进制编码10. calibration [.loli'breifon]n. 标准；标定；刻度11. cantilever [!<®ntili：vo|n. 悬臂12. closed-loop n. 闭环13. crystal fkristl] a.&n.晶体的；水晶，晶体14. demodulation「di：t ID3djufleifon]n. 解调15. derivative [dl'rivativl n. 导数16. diaphragm ['daiafraem]n. 膜片17. differentiation [»dtf©»renJi'ei fon]n. 微分18. digital- to-analog conversion, DAC 数模转换器19. discrete [disl<ri：t] a. 离散的20. displacement [dis'pleismont]n・位移21. eddy「edi|n・涡流22. encoder [inloudo]n. 编码器23. error「er® n.误差，偏差24. expedite fekspidait)V.加速25. feedback ['fi：dbaBk]n. 反馈26. feedforward [ifizd'fo^ad]n. 前馈27. forging ['fo：d3ir)|n. 锻造2& hysteresis [ histo'rizsisl n. 磁滞29. immunity [i'mju：niti]n. 抗扰性30. impedance [im'pi：dans]n. 抗阻31. increment encoder 增量编码器32. inertia ja|n. 惯性33. integration [.inti'greijon]n. 积分34. interface rinte(：)Jeis|n. 接口35. jerk电狀】n. 振动36. kinematic [JcsinTnmtlc] a. 运动的，运动学的37. longitudinal [I3nd3rtju：dinl] a. 经度的；纵向的38. manipulations [Hiejlipjllleljen]n. 操作；控制；处理39. manipulator (me'nipjuleit©]n・机械手，操作器40. measurand「rnejorond]n. 被测量，被测对象41. modulation [.modju'leijenl n. 调制42. multiplexer rmAlti.plekse]n. 多路转换器43. offset fset]n. 偏心44. open-loop n. 开环45. orthogonal [ofOaganll a. 垂直的，正交的。
最新国家开放大学电大《理工英语3》形考任务八试题及答案
最新国家开放大学电大《理工英语3》形考任务八试题及答案最新国家开放大学电大《理工英语3》形考任务八试题及答案形考任务8 二、阅读理解：阅读下面短文，选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。
That＇s what this material does. It is developed for the British Army. The fabric is made of yarn. The yarn can conduct electricity from a battery packto anywhere in your clothing. It can charge your gadgets on contact. It can carry either power or data through a soldier＇s clothes, helmet, or backpack.It can gear that otherwise needs separate power sources. The materials have been field tested. But they still need to be weather-proofed. Right now, charging up a battery still involves wires, chargers, and sockets. Inductive charging is developing. But you can not just put your phone down on anysurface and start powering up. And what if that could be hacked together with some kind of inductive charging? You＇d be able to almost totally cut the cord with your gadgets. Yes, you＇d need to charge up whatever power source you＇re using now and then. But keep a pair of khakis plugged in while they hang inthe closet. A. But what if your pants or jacket or bag could charge your phone, or laptop or anything else? B. The fabric is developed by Intelligent Textiles.C. Imagine having jeans that charge your phone just by putting it in your pocket.D. It is a lot different from having to remember to plug in your phone.E. And that＇s all great, but would this ever be made it into your home, and charge your phone or laptop someday? 二、阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
高考英语大一轮复习 UnitSociety课下作业8高三8英语试题
毛额市鹌鹑阳光实验学校 Unit 24 Society写作句型锤炼核心句型升级先熟读背诵——精彩句型烂熟于心假定你是李华，你所喜爱的Global Mirror 周报创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。
请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括：1.说明你是该报的忠实读者。
2.赞赏该报优点：(1)兼顾国内外新闻；(2)介绍名人成功故事。
3.提出建议：刊登指导英语学习的文章。
注意：1.词数100 左右，开头语已为你写好；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editor-in-Chief，Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror!Sincerely yours，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Editor-in-Chief，Congratulations__on__the__5th__anniversary__of__Global__Mirror!I’m a regular reader of your newspaper. I like it very much mainly for the following two reasons. First, it covers both national and international news so that, by simply turning the pages, I can learn all important things that have happened during the week.Equally attractive are the success stories of world-famous people, which help me understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place.As a young student, I suggest that Global Mirror carry articles to guide us in our English learning, an d ① work hard，and you’ll do better.② I sincerely hope that it will become even more popular.Sincerely__yours，Li__Hua后临摹仿写——妙语佳句信手拈来►根据句①仿写1.留神脚下，不然你会掉进水里的。
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第八册答案
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第八册unit1答案<DIV&NBSP;&NBSP;CLASS=MSONORMAL>Unit One<DIV&NBSP;&NBSP;CLASS=MSONORMAL>III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时，如果你带有宠物，一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
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大学英语V第8次作业本次作业是本门课程本学期的第8次作业，注释如下：大学英语IV 第8单元作业题一、单项选择题(只有一个选项正确，共25道小题)1. ---Hello, my name is Angus. --- ____________A___________. [本题2分](A) Nice to meet you.(B) How are you?(C) I‟m glad to hear that.(D) Hello, Jim. How are things with you?2. ---What‟s the fare to the museum? --- __________D_____________. [本题2分](A) Two hours.(B) Two o‟clock.(C) Two seats.(D) Two dollars.3. ---Could you give me a hand with the box? --- ___________C____________. [本题2分](A) Yes, please.(B) Sure, here you are.(C) Sure, it‟s my pleasure.(D) No, of course not.4. --- That radio's pretty loud. Could you turn it down, please? ---________A___. [本题2分](A) Sorry. Was I disturbing you?(B) Yes, I‟d love to.(C) I don‟t think so.(D) I‟m glad to.5. ---What do you think of his suggestion? --- __________B_____________. [本题2分](A) No, I don‟t think so.(B) It‟s hard to say, really.(C) Sorry, I‟ve forgot.(D) I never think of him.6. ---It‟s really a good dinner, isn‟t it? --- __________B_____________. [本题2分](A) Yes, I‟d like to go.(B) Yes, the food is just wonderful.(C) I‟m glad to hear that.(D) It‟s very nice of you to say so.7. ---I‟d like to open an account here. --- ___________C____________. [本题2分](A) Yes, Madam. How can I help you?(B) Oh, yes, please.(C) I see. What kind of account, please?(D) You can do whatever you like.8. ---Thank you for this wonderful party. --- __________C_____________. [本题2分](A) It‟s my pleasure.(B) No, it‟s not so good as you say.(C) I‟m so glad you enjoy it.(D) What do you think about it now?9. ---I was wondering if you‟d like to go skating? --- ___________C___________. [本题2分](A) Are you really interested in going?(B) I often go skating on Saturday.(C) I‟d love to, but I‟m afraid I can‟t do it today.(D) Don‟t you like it?10. ---Have a nice weekend! --- ____________D___________. [本题2分](A) Of course I will.(B) So will I.(C) Not at all.(D) Thanks. You too!11. She __C___ some money every month in order to buy a house. [本题1分](A) set off(B) set out(C) set aside(D) set up12. The father was not _B__ what had happened to his son until three days later. [本题1分](A) aware that(B) aware of(C) aware of that(D) aware if13. He hated having to __A___ the hotel bedroom _____ a stranger. [本题1分](A) share, with(B) live, with(C) separate, with(D) divide, by14. We tried hard to find out a best solution __A___ to the problem. [本题1分](A) to(B) about(C) in(D) with15. He is not a diligent student. He shows ___C__ in everything he does. [本题1分](A) careless(B) care(C) carelessness(D) carelessly16. I remain confused __B___ the difference between the two words. [本题1分](A) on(B) about(C) of(D) in17. We planned to go camping tomorrow ___A__ the weather went worse. [本题1分](A) unless(B) until(C) if(D) provided18. __A___ his old age, Chichester was determined to carry out his plan of sailing round t he world. [本题1分](A) Despite of(B) In spite(C) In spite that(D) In spite of19. The little boy is __B___ because his parents always give him whatever he wants. [本题1分](A) hurt(B) spoilt(C) destroyed(D) damaged20. He finally ___C__ in working out the math problems. [本题1分](A) managed(B) enabled(C) succeeded(D) achieved21. Don‟t be too hard on your son, ___A__, he is still a child. [本题1分](A) after al(B) above all(C) at all(D) for all22. If you study hard _D__, you won‟t have to sit up a ll night before the exam. [本题1分](A) sometimes(B) at times(C) some time(D) at other times23. I __B___ you the computer. Why didn‟t you ask me? [本题1分](A) couldn‟t lend(B) could have lent(C) could lend(D) couldn‟t have lent24. Readers should leave all the books in the library ___B__ after leafing them through. [本题1分](A) out of place(B) in place(C) in to place(D) in the place25. You __C___ all the way to meet me here. I know this place very well. [本题1分](A) needn‟t co me(B) don‟t need to come(C) needn‟t have come(D) need come五、阅读理解、完形填空题(共5道小题)26.There are stories about two U.S. presidents, Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, wh ich attempt to explain the American English term OK. We don‟t know if e ither story is tru e, but they are both interesting.The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had very little educatio n. In fact, he had difficulty reading and writing. When important papers came to Jackson, he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said. If he approved of a paper, he would write “all correct” on it. The problem was that he didn‟t know how to spell, so what he really wrote was “ol korekt”. After a while, he shortened that term to “OK”.The second explanation is based on the place where President Ban Buren was born, Kin derhook, New York. Ban Buren‟s friends organized a club to help him become President. T hey called the club the Old Kinderhook Club, and anyone who supported Van Buren was c alled “OK”. [共5题](1) The author __C___. [本题2分](A) believes both of the stories(B) doesn‟ t believe a word of the stories(C) is not sure whether the stories are true(D) is telling the stories just for fun(2) According to the passage, President Jackson ___D__. [本题2分](A) couldn‟t draw up any documents at all(B) didn‟t like to read important papers by himself(C) often had his assistants sign documents for him(D) wasn‟ t good at reading, writing or spelling(3) According to the first story, the term “OK” ___A__. [本题2分](A) was approved of by President Jackson(B) was the title of some official documents(C) was first used by President Jackson(D) was an old way to spell “all correct”(4) According to the second story, the term “OK” ___D__. [本题2分](A) was the short way to say “Old Kinderhook Club”(B) meant the place where President Van Buren was born(C) was the name of Van Buren‟s club(D) was used to call Van Buren‟s supporters in the election(5) According to the second story, the term “OK” was first used ___B__. [本题2分](A) by Van Buren(B) in a presidential election(C) to organize the Old Kinderhook Club(D) by the members of the “Old Kinderhook Club”27.Old Japanese living alone can now hir e a “family” for lunch and a few hours‟ pleasant talk. Just give them a telephone call and ask for, say, a daughter, son-in-law and grandchi ld. They will show up at your door, and greet you emotionally as if they hadn‟t seen you for years.Some 15 c ouples have so far hired “families”. “We have nearly 80 people on the waiti ng list.” Said the president of the company that offers such services, “What is common abo ut these senior citizens is that they are thirsty for human love. We are helping them make their dreams come true.”Where once big families with three or more generations living together were common, n ow numbers are reducing fast. In cities there are very few indeed. Many old people see th eir families only rarely, if at all. This may be b ecause the children‟s bosses have sent them to a distant city, even abroad, or just because busy family members cannot find time to v isit their parents.“We‟ve seen many cases in which parent-children relations are not in a happy state,” co mpany pre sident continues. “When a son finally visits his parents after a long while, it is often just to ask for money or for them to let him have their property （财产）early.”Loneliness is not a one-way street. “One young mother came to us to ask about grand p arents,” he added.The company is now developing into other fields. Their services include providing “emp loyees” for businessmen to scold and “lovers” for young people unlucky in love. Company‟s “lovers” for hire is not a service to be misunderstoo d, company president makes clear.“You shouldn‟t think about our lover too romantically,” he said, “She‟s there to act as an adviser on how to find a girlfriend.” [共5题](1) Old couples in Japan hire family members ___C__. [本题2分](A) to ask for help when they are ill(B) to realize their big-family dreams(C) to seek love and comfort(D) to strengthen parent-children relations(2) In the sentence “what is common about these senior citizens is that they are thirsty for human love”, “senior citizens” could best be replaced by __D___. [本题2分](A) high-ranking officials in cities(B) rich old couples living in cities(C) respectable ladies and gentlemen(D) old people(3) Which of the following is not the reason that Japanese grown-ups seldom visit their par ents? [本题2分] C(A) They are too busy.(B) They work in distant cities.(C) They can‟t afford expensive visits to their parents.(D) Their relations are not very tight.(4) “Loneliness is not a one-way street” means that __C___. [本题2分](A) both the old and young will fell lonely(B) living alone is not a one-way street(C) young mother with a little child will feel lonely(D) one young mother will hire “grandparents” for their child(5) When a Japanese young man hires a “lover”, __B___. [本题2分](A) she will be his lover(B) she will offer him valuable advice on love affairs(C) she will bring him a girlfriend(D) she will tell him her own love story28.Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specific regular a ctivity. It may be a free period or a regular wait, say in the queue for a bus or meal --- e ven while eating breakfast. One famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each night. Whether he went to bed a t 10 pm or 2:30 am made no difference. Even if you cannot keep to this kind of disciplin e, it is a good idea to make sure you always have a general interest book in your pocket. Don‟t forget it should be a book which entertains you and the English must not be too dif ficult for you.Nearly all “speed reading” courses have a “pacing” element --- some timing device wh ich lets the student know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simpl y by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number youhave reached. Check the average number of words per page for the particular book you are busy reading the book? Well, this is difficult at first. A friend can help by timing you ov er a set period, or you can read within hearing distance of a public clock which strikes the quarter hours. Pace yourself every three or four days, always with the same kind of easy, general interest book. You should soon notice your habitual w.p.m. rate creeping up.[共5题](1) The passage recommends setting aside __C___ for reading practice. [本题2分](A) two hours a day(B) one hour a day(C) 15 minutes or half an hour a day(D) three minutes a day before meal(2) One famous surgeon always made it a rule to read __B___. [本题2分](A) 15 minutes at 10 pm each night(B) for at least 15 minutes at bedtime(C) no matter it was early or late(D) whenever he had a spare moment(3) It is a good idea always to carry in your packet __D___. [本题2分](A) a book you will never forget(B) a serious book(C) several books of various kinds(D) an easy and interesting English book(4) According to the passage, a “pacing” device __A___. [本题2分](A) times a student‟s reading speed(B) is not included in most speed reading courses(C) is an aid to vocabulary learning(D) should be used whenever we read alone(5) Looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes ___C__. [本题2分](A) avoids the need for reading faster(B) is not the same as pacing(C) is not easy at first(D) helps you to remember the page number you were at last time29.In everyday usage …hot‟ means “having a lot of heat”. Many people think that …clod‟ is something completely separated from heat. But this is not true. …Cold‟ simply means …h avi ng very little heat‟.Your life depends on it. Without heat, every living thing would be frozen to death. All living things get their heat from the sun, which provides the conditions in which life is p ossible.Since before the dawn of history, man has been able to make his own heat. He has be en able to release the sun‟s heat that is trapped in things such as wood, coal, and oil. And he has been able to use this heat.Heat has made civilization possible. With heat, man could melt metals. As man learned to use metals and fuels, industries grew. As a result, engines were invented. These are ma chines that change heat energy into mechanical energy. Engine can do the work of many men. Without engines industrial civilization is impossible.Yet when the first engines were built in the 17th century, men were still wondering ab out the nature of heat. “What is it?” they asked. Not until the early years of the 19th cent ury did they find the right answer. [共5题](1) In everyday usage, …hot‟ means __C___ [本题2分](A) the weather is fine and it is in summer(B) one has a temperature(C) having a great deal of heat(D) having very little heat(2) Your life depends on heat. The sentence means ___D__ [本题2分](A) in the cold season human beings will die(B) one usually builds his life on fire(C) the more heat one has, the better(D) it is impossible for man to live without heat(3) He has been able to release the sun‟s heat that is trapped in things such as wood, coal, and oil. From this sentence we know ___A__.[本题2分](A) man can get heat from things like wood, coal, and oil(B) man cannot get the heat directly from the sun(C) only wood, coal and oil have heat(D) all the sun‟s heat is trapped in things(4) Which of the following is true? [本题2分] B(A) Without engines civilization is impossible.(B) Without engines we have no industrial civilization.(C) Engines came before civilization.(D) Engines came before man knew how to use heat.(5) From the last two sentences, we can see ___C__. [本题2分](A) men have never found the nature of heat(B) men found the nature of heat in the 17th century(C) men found the nature of heat in the 19th century(D) men found the nature of heat before the 19th century30. Fire can help people in many ways. Fire can heat water, __(1)__ your house, give ligh t and cook food. But fire can burn things too. Nobody knows __(2)__ people began to use fire. One story from Australia tells about a man a very long time ago. He __(3)__the sun by a rope and brought fire down.Today people know how to __(4)__ a fire with matches. Children sometimes like to pl ay with them. But matches can be very __(5)__.Fire kills people every year. So you must be careful __(6)__ matches. You should alsolearn to __(7)__ fires. Fires need oxygen. Without oxygen they die. There is __(8)__ in t he air. Cover a fire with water, sand, or in __(9)__, with your coat or a blanket. This kee ps the air from a fire and kills it.Be careful with fire, and it will help you. Be careless with fire, and it might __(10)__ you. [共10题](1) [本题1分] B(A) brighten (B) warm (C) beautify (D) lightenD(2) [本题1分](A) where (B) when (C) what (D) how(3) [本题1分] C(A) watched (B) got up to (C) went up to (D) discovered(4) [本题1分] B(A) set (B) make (C) cause (D) catch(5) [本题1分] A(A) dangerous (B) bright (C) unusual (D) common(6) [本题1分] A(A) about (B) to (C) On (D) after(7) [本题1分] B(A) lay out (B) put out (C) put away (D) do away with(8) [本题1分] C(A) fire (B) moisture (C) oxygen (D) substance(9) [本题1分] D(A) general (B) particular (C) a hurry (D) an emergency(10) [本题1分] B(A) injure (B) hurt (C) destroy (D) spoil。