激光辐射对人眼的危害- 中英版

激光辐射对人眼的危害The harms of Laser radiation to human eyes

由于激光的特性，可使能量在空间和时间上高度集中。通过眼的屈光介质聚焦在视网膜上形成影像，而使视网膜上的能量密度较角膜上入射能量密度提高104～105；激光单色性好，在眼底的色差小。上述特点致使极低的激光能量照射即可引起眼角膜或视网膜的损伤。Because the characteristic of laser, it can make energy highly concentrated in space and in time. Through the eye’s refracting media that focusing on retina to form an image, then the incident energy density on retina can increase 104～105 than the incident energy density on cornea; The monochromaticity of laser is good, and the chromatic aberration is small on the ocular fundus. The above features can cause the damage of cornea or retina by very low laser radiation.

不同波长激光眼损伤部位The injured part of eyes by different wavelength lasers.

眼底对几种激光的有效吸收率

The effective absorptivity of several lasers by ocular fundus.

包括视网膜色素上皮和脉络膜的吸收

Including the absorption/absorptivity of retinochrome epithelium and choroid.

激光损伤事故的主要症状

The main symptom of injury accident by laser.

事故发生时，多数受伤者感到眼前突然闪光，继而出现一个不同颜色、不同大小的光斑或暗影，个别人眼部有冲击感，与此同时，视力出现不同程度的下降，重者短时间内不能分清眼前物体，有的伤后出现数小时的目弦及畏光。

When the accident happens, most of wounded persons feel that flash suddenly appear before their eyes, then appear a facula or shadow of different colour and different size, few people feels impact on eyes. At the same time, their vision decline in different degrees. Severe cases can not see objects before their eyes clearly, some people appears dizzy and photophobia for many hours after injured.

激光眼事故损伤照射统计

The statistics of eyes’injury accident by laser radiation.

原因与教训 Reason and lesson

一、 工作中未采取眼防护措施

1. Without adopting eyes protective measures during working. 二、 缺乏安全的工作环境

2. Lack of security working atmosphere. 三、

思想麻痹

3. Slackening of vigilance. 四、 激光器误触发

4. Laser false triggering.

五、 在激光临床眼科治疗中，未能严格控制治疗能量

5. When under clinical ophthalmology laser treatment, it can not strictly control the curing energy.

长期在激光操作环境中工作者眼睛受到长期的影响。在操作和使用激光器时，即使没有直接被激光照射，造成伤害事故的发生。可是激光器所放出的射线通过其他物体或者墙壁等产生的微量反射，长期在这种环境中工作的人群，白内障的发病率极高。

Working under operating laser environment for long time, the eyes of operator will have long term effect. When operating and using laser, even there is no injury accident happens by laser radiation directly, but the rays emitted by laser can cause micro reflection through other objects or walls, people who working long term under this environment will cause high incidence of cataract.

典型脉冲激光器危害类别

Typical harm classification of pulsing laser

400～700nm 倍频frequency

multiplication

Nd:YAG ns ≤0.2uJ＞0.2uJ

＞

85mJ/cm2

≤85mJ/cm2

红宝石ruby ms ≤0.4uJ＞0.4uJ

＞

3.1J/cm2

≤3.1/cm2

染料可调谐Tunable dye us ≤0.2uJ＞0.2uJ

＞

0.31J/cm2

700～1mm Nd:YAG ns ≤2uJ＞2uJ

＞0.42J/cm2

≤0.42J/cm2

Er Laser ns ≤8.0mJ＞8.0mJ ＞10J/cm2

CO2ns ≤80uJ＞80uJ ＞10J/cm2

几种典型激光源人眼防护所要求的最低光密度值

The minimum optical density value of some typical lasing light emitter that

protecting human eyes required.

激光器Laser

发射方式

Radiation

pattern

输出功率/能量

delivered

power/energy

照射限值

Irradiate

limit value

光密度

optical

density

倍频frequency multiplication Nd：YAG 巨脉冲

Giant

pulse

100 mJ 5.0×107J/cm2 6.0

Cu smoke

连续

continuous

5 W 1.8×10-3W/cm2 4.1

Ar+

连续

continuous

5 W 1.8×10-3W/cm2 4.1

连续

continuous

50 mW 1.8×10-3W/cm2 2.1

Nd：YAG

连续

continuous

80 mW 9.6×10-3W/cm2 4.6 Long pulse 400 mJ 5.0×10-6J/cm2 5.6 Giant

pulse

100 mJ 5.0×10-6J/cm2 5.0

CO2

连续

continuous

80 W 5.6×10-1W/cm2 2.9