同位语从句重难点解析及习题
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同位语从句
一、同位语从句概述
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句,常见的可以被同位语从句修饰的名词
有:belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise 等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,whether 和副词how,when,where 等。
二、同位语从句点拨
(1)同位语从句是意义完整的陈述句时,用连词that 引导。注:that 在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,通常不省略。如如:I got the news that he would come to see me
the next week.
(2)同位语从句是疑问句时,应根据语境选用who,when ,where,how,whether(不能用if)等词来引导。如:The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.
(3)分隔式同位语从句:当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,为了使句子保持平衡,常把同位语从句后置。如:An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring.
(4)后面常跟同位语的词有:
doubt,fact,hope,idea,message,news,possibility,promise,question,suggest
ion,truth,thought,warning,wish 等。注:advice,order,suggestion 等词表示
建议、命令的词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词须用(should) + 动词原形。如:He made
the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off.
三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)所表达的内容不同:同位语从句和定语从句一般是放在某一名词后面,但同位语从句是对该名词的解释和说明,而定语从句是对该名词的修饰,说明它的性质特征。如:The fact
that he presented was a strong proof.
他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。(定语从句)
The fact that she hadn 'tsaid anything surprised us all.
她一言不发的事实让我们每一个人都很惊讶。(同位语从句)(2)在句中所起的语法作用不同:引导定语从句的that 是关系代词,它的作用是连接主句和从句,并代表先行词在从句中充当句子成分,而且that 作宾语时可省略,指物时,可以用
which 代替。引导同位语从句的that 是连词,只起连接主句和从句的作用,它不充当任何
成分,不能省略,也不可被which 代替。
如:
We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year.
我们表达了希望史密斯夫妇第二年到中国来访的愿望。(同位语从句)
The news(that/which)we heard spread all over the city.
我们所听到的消息传遍了整个城市。(定语从句)
(3)所修饰的词不尽相同:同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限,往往是含有某种信息的词,如:
message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion
order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught 等,而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限 制。
(4) wh-引导词引导同位语从句时, 有其本身的疑问含义;引导定语从句时则没有疑问
的意思。如;
I have no idea where the meeting will be held.
(同位语从句) He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch. (定语从句)
四、 相关练习
(1)There is no obvious evidence _______ there is life on any other planet in the
solar system.
A.which
B.that
C.how
D.where
解析:选B 没有确凿的证据证明太阳系的其他行星上有生命。
Evidenee 后的同位语 从句不缺少任何成分,故用 that 引导。
(2) My friend showed me round the town, ___ was very kind of him.
A.whieh
B.that
C.where
D.it
解析:选 A 我的朋友领我参观了这个城镇,他真好。非限制性定语从句缺少主语, 所以用 whieh 引导,先行词是前面的整个句子。 That 不能引导非限制性定语从句; where 引导定语从句在从句中作状语; it 不能引导从句。
(3) Many ehildren, ___ parents are away working in big eities,are taken good
eare of in the village.
A.their
B.whose
C.of them
D.with whom
解析:选B 许多孩子的父母远在大城市打工, 这些孩子在乡村都得到了很好的照顾。
根据句子结构判断,逗号后面是定语从句,从句主语 parents 前缺少定语,故用关 系代词whose 引导。Their 和of them 不能引导定语从句;
with whom 不能作定语。 (4) It 's helpful to put ehildren in a situation differently. (5) _______________________________________________________ Many young people in the West are expeeted to leave ______________________________ eould be life 's most important deeision
—marriage---almost entirely up to luek.
A.as
B.that
C.whieh
D.what
解析: 选 D 许多西方年轻人可能会把自己一生最重要的决定 --------- 婚姻,几乎完 全寄托于运气。Leave 在此是及物动词,表示“把……留给某人决定” ,所选项引导 其宾语从句并在从句中作主语, 所以选连接代词 what 。As 不引导名词性从句;that
引导名词性从句不作成分; whieh 表示选择意义,意为“哪一个” 。 1. The fact __ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. which
2. The fact __ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. why
____ they ean see themselves A.that B.when C.whieh D.where