2020年职称英语理工类A级考试阅读理解练习题(2)

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2020职称英语理工A模拟试题(二)答案及解析

2104职称英语理工A模拟试题（二）答案及解析第一部分：词汇选项ACCDC DCBBB CBDAD第二部分：阅读判断16 A文中第一段第一句专家预测火山随时会爆发。

17 B第二段最后一句，2000米指的是火山的灰尘喷发的高度。

18 B文中第三段第一句第一次的喷发就形成看这个大坑。

19 A文中第六段harmonic tremors （震动）recorded by scientists showed a big eruption would happen.地震记录仪预示还会有一场地震。

20 C文中没有提到科学家丧失了生命。

21 B从两次爆发的时间看，是在五月的下半月。

22 C 文中最后一句some people got past the road barriers and risked their lives trying to get close to the volcano.并未说到是外国人。

第三部分：概括大意与完成句子23 B 第二段的第一句话说了大多数人对英国人有很大的偏见。

接下来又评价英国人的幽默和热情友好，所以People概括了本段的内容。

24 C第三段的第一句说在英国四处转转是非常简单的。

接下来分别提到了航班、火车、四轮马车、公交车等交通工具，所以Transport概括了本段的内容。

25 E 第四段的开头两句说英国并不是因为食物而闻名，但是你仍然需要知道一些传统的英国食物。

接下来就以此为中心介绍了一些传统的英国食物，所以Food概括了本段的内容。

26 F第五段的的开头提到Pubbing and clubbing是英国人夜生活的主要方式。

接下来分别介绍了Pubbing 和clubbing，所以Nightlife概括了本段的内容。

27 B文章开头提到从Buckingham Palace到Oxford，英国装载着美妙的富含过去时代气息的标志，同时又非常的现代化，即既体现了英国的ancient ，又体现了它的modern。

2020职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解试题(2)

2020职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解试题（2）2020年职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解试题（2）Benefits of Educating GirlThe benefits of educating girls are numerous — to individual girls both when they are young and when they become adult women,to their future families,and to society as whole. Education enables women to contribute more fully to the social and economic development of their societies.A.girl's education is also an investment in future generations. The more educated a mother is,the more likely are her children — particularly her daughters — to roll and stay in school.The higher level of education attained by women is strongly associated with lower child death. Experts believe more educated women practice better hygiene and nutrition（营养）,use health services more frequently,and survive better. Woman with more schooling tend to be healthier themselves. Perhaps reflecting their improved ability to avoid frequent childbearing （分娩）and to take advantage of available health services during pregnancy（怀孕）The educational level achieved by women,like family planning services,has the most powerful influence on family size. The impact of education on family size is strongest and most consistent for women who have completed some secondary schooling. Educating girls is three times more likely to lower family size than educating boys. Education appears to affect family size in many ways. More educated women not only want fewer children than their less educated husbands,butalso are more likely to use effective contraception（避孕）successfully and to limit their families to the number of children,which contribute to smaller family size.Family size is ideal and child death rates are lowest,therefore,in countries that combine strong family planning and health programs with high levels of education for women.31、According to the article,families and the whole society benefit from women'sA.work.cation.C.effort.D.health.32、According to the article,mother's education has an effect on children'sA.personality.B.experience.C.grades in school.D.years of schooling.33、Lower death rate of children owes to all of the following except women'sA.good health.B.frequent visits to health services.C.better utilization of nutrition.D.management of family resources.34、In what way do women contribute to the small family size according to the text？A.By educating their children.B.By marrying late.C.By supporting the small family.D.By educating their husbands.35、It can be concluded from the passage that educating girlsA.has great influence on boy's growth.B.is helpful to the stability of families.C.can raise women's social status.D.contributes to the development of society.。

2020年职称英语考试理工类练习题：阅读理解

2020年职称英语考试理工类练习题：阅读理解Life expectancy rates in the United States are al an all-time high, with people born in2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years, a new federal study finds.The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasinglife expectancy that began in l955, when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old. By l995, lire expectancy was 75.8 years and by 2006, it had risen to 77. 9 years, according to the report released Wednesday."This is good news," said report co-author Donna Hoyert, a health scientist at the national Center for Health Statistics. "It's even better news that it is a continuation of trends, so it is a long period of continuing improvement."Despite the upward trend, the United States still has lower lire expectancy than some 40 other countries, according to the U. S. Census (人口普查) Bureau. The country with the longest lire expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years, followed by Japan, Macau, San Marino and Singapore.Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country-heart disease, cancer and stroke.In addition, in 2005, the U. S. death rate dropped to an all-time low of less than 800 deaths per l00, 000.Dr. David Katz, director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School Medicine. Said, "News thatlire expectancy is increasing is, of course, good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U. S."Adding years to life is a good thing, Katz said. "But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well, and not just longer, we still have our work cut out for us." he said.1 Since l 955, lire expectancy rates in the U. S. haveA moved up and down.B been declining.C remained steady.D been on the rise.2 Compared with the country with the longest lire expectancy, the U. S. isA nearly 3 years behind.B nearly 4 years behind.C nearly 6 years behind.D nearly 8 years behind.3 The increase In the U. S. lire expectancy is mostly due toA declining death rates from heart disease, cancer and stroke.B increasing lire expectancy rates in some other countries.C a rise in the rate of chronic disease.D a declining birth rate.4 Which of the following statements is NOT true?A The U. S. 1ife expectancy is at an all-time high.B The U. S. death rate was at an all-time low in 2005.C Chronic disease appears to be at an all-time high in the U. S.D The annual death rate in the U. S. is over 800 deaths per l00, 000.5 The expression "adding vital to years" in the last paragraph meansA living longerB living well.C living longer and wellD living at any cost.答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B。

2020年职称英语理工A真题：阅读理解(文字版)

2020年职称英语理工A真题：阅读理解(文字版)以下试题为网友提供，仅供考生参考!Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned tonormal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is prov ocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.Black Holes TriggerScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pullsharder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance thatpulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，onceit gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces canalso trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroythe star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-PierreLuminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star‘s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough，the uneven forcesflatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shockwaves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explo sion.“Therewill be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosionobliterates the star，it saves some of the star‘s matterfrom being devoured by the black hole.The explosion ispowerful enough to hurl mu ch of the star’s matter out of the black hole‘s reach，he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats upas it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to bedetected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York，US2.“It may make it。

2020职称英语理工类A真题及答案.doc

2020 职称英语理工类 A 真题及答案第1 部分：词汇选项( 第1～15 题，每题 1 分，共15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. taste3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. correct8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. ServiceB. dangerC. disorderD. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. move10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesman ’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A. principalB. officialC. simpleD. legal13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silenceB. praise C .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful第2 部分：阅读判断( 第1 6～22 题，每题l 分，共7 分)下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

职称英语真题之理工类A级阅读理解2

职称英语真题之理工类A级阅读理解2第二篇Real-World RobotsWhen you think Of a robot，do you imagine a shiny ,metallic device having the same general shape as a human being，performing humanlike functions，and responding to your questions in a monotone(单调的)voice accentuated(强调)by high-pitched tones and beeps This is the way many of US imagine a robot，but in the real world a robot is not humanoid at all．instead，a robot often is a voiceless ,box- shaped machine that efficiently carries Out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today” s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again．A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence，that is，a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence，such as reasoning，drawing conclusions，and learning from pastA robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced．A robot does，however，move from place to place on wheels and axles(轮轴)that roll and rotate．A robot even has limbs that turn round and move in combination with joints and motors．To find its way in its surroundings, a robot utilizes various built -in sensors．Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into．If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline，a gyroscope(陀螺仪)inside it senses the vertical differential .TO determine Its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser. light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions(障碍物)in its pathThese and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer，which thenanalyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions．As science and technology advance the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial intelligence programs,36 The writer begins the passage by comparingA a real-life robot with a fictional robot.B the shape of a human being with a box．C an imaginary machine with a human．D a robot with a computer program．37 The word “humanoid” in Paragraph 1 meansA lacking human feelings．考试大论坛B lacking human characteristics．C having a human form and characteristicsD lacking human intelligence．38 According to the first paragraph，artificial intelligence isA the unnatural way in which robots move．B a voiceless，box—shaped machine that performs repetitive tasksC a computer program that imitates human intellectual processesD a sensor that detects troubles in a robot．39 The last paragraph suggests that future robots willA surpass human beings in intelligence．B be more humanlike in behavior and action．C use a laser to transmit information．D will perform very complicated household jobs．40 Another good title for this passage would beA Robots：Taking the Place of Humans．B Artificial Intelligence Programs．C Modern—Day Sensors．D Today’S Robots and How They Function。

2020职称英语理工类A真题及答案

2020职称英语理工类A真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. taste3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. sum7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. correct8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. ServiceB. dangerC. disorderD. threat9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. move10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. public11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.A. principalB. officialC. simpleD. legal13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silenceB. praise C .assure D. complain14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful。

职称英语理工类A级(阅读理解)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)

职称英语理工类A级（阅读理解）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels—though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster. Traveling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you don’t miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn’t distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults. Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through” high-sided vehicles blocking your view. And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The color of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape. And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort. But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don’t want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help. Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road, such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone’s personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won’t be soon.1．What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate?A．They are developing faster electric vehicles.B．They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every year.C．They focus their research on safety and new fuels.D．They are designing fully automatic cars.正确答案：C解析：细节考查题。

2020年职称英语真题：理工A阅读理解真题

2020年职称英语真题：理工A阅读理解真题Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago,because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is prov ocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.为了给考生提供更直观的真题答案解析，本站精心策划【】，请点击查看！。

2020职称英语理工类A真题包括答案.doc

2020 职称英语理工类 A 真题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选项 ( 第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept2.She showed a natural aptitude for the work.3.Most people find rejection hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny4.The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible5.They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active6.We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC. temptD. sum7.The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.8.The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.9.He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surviveB. lastC. dieD. move10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. full C .coexisting D. public11.They promote assimilation of ethnic groups intothe main-stream culture.A. policyB. value C .equality D. integration12.A salesman ’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. A.principal B. official C. simple D. legal13.I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation14.We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous15.The starving children were a pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. pitiful第 2 部分：阅读判断 ( 第 16～22 题，每题 l 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择 A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。

2020年职称英语理工A阅读理解真题及答案

2020年职称英语理工A阅读理解真题及答案Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能)also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft(选抜)， he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough—no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(难对付的人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折)in his left foot, a collectiveshudder(震动)spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-monthrecovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair."There is no reason to dismiss TCM," Yao told a press conference in Beijing." It's been used in our country for thousands of years. I don't think that it's short on science."31.【题干】The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means_____【选项】rge.B.fat.C.tall.D.great.【答案】C【解析】32.【题干】Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_____【选项】A.mobility.B.assault.C.defense.D.celebrity.【答案】A【解析】33.【题干】Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_____【选项】A.his right foot had been hurting.B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C.the surgical operation had been a failure.D.he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.【答案】B【解析】34.【题干】Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?【选项】A.He missed the Athens Olympics.B.He is an NBA player.C.He fractured his left foot.D.He is an international figure.。

职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案

职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案职称英语考试理工类A级-阅读理解练习题及答案A Phone That Knows You're BusyIt's a modern problem：you're too busy to be disturbed by incessant(连续不断的)phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don't remember to turn it back on when you're less busy.you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldn't have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are not too busyA bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if it's a good time to interrupt you.If built into a phone，the system may decide you're too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later.James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity. First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interruptedThe potential"busyness"signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use.The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from"highly interruptible''to"highly not-interruptible" . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . "It is ashotgun(随意的)approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important，" says HudsonThe model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be.Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per cent. Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers don't care.The first application for Hudson and Fogarty's system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones."There is no technological roadblock(障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years，" says Hudson36 A big problem facing people today is thatA they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls.B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet.C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone.D they are too busy to make phone calls.37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phoneA could help store messages.B could send messages instantlyC could tell when it is wise to interrupt you.D could identify important phone calls.38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find outA why office doors were often 1eft open.B when it was a good time to turn off the computer.C what questions office workers were bothered with.D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy39 During the experiment，the subjects were askedA to control the sensors and the camera.B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted.C to compare their behaviors with others'.D to analyze all the indicators of interruption.40 The computer performed better than people in the study becauseA the computer worked harder.B the computer was not busyC people tended to be biased.D people were not good at statistics.参考答案：36 A 该题问的是：当今人们面临的一个大的问题是什么?文章第～句就给出了答案：人们太忙了，不能被连续不断的电话骚扰。

2020年职称英语考试真题理工类A级阅读理解(文字版)

2020年职称英语考试真题理工类A级阅读理解(文字版)Older Volcanic EruptionsVolcanoes were more destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds wasinvestigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over thepast 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massivevolcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do.He calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warmingthat followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera atthe time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no massextinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years. "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused bythe impact of an asteroid. He thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of CO2.Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical. Institute in France, says that Wignall’s idea is prov ocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power ofvolcanic eruptions depends on how long they lasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. He also adds that it isdifficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide emissions.Black Holes TriggerScientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pullsharder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance thatpulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，onceit gets close enough.Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces canalso trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroythe star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-PierreLuminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star‘s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough，the uneven forcesflatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shockwaves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explo sion.“Therewill be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosionobliterates the star，it saves some of the star‘s matterfrom being devoured by the black hole.The explosion ispowerful enough to hurl mu ch of the star’s matter out of the black hole‘s reach，he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats upas it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to bedetected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern ofColumbia University in New York，US2.“It may make itpossible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough，” he says.Brassart agrees.“Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays，but it‘s something that needs to bemore studied，” he says.Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos，New Mexico，US3，says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate，and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.词汇：supermassive adj.特大质量的imbalance/im5bAlEns/n.不平衡，不平衡veer/ viE/v.转向，改变方向flatten/5flAtn/v.使成扁平，夷平pancake/5pAnkeik/n.薄煎饼obliterate/E5blitEreit/v.抹去，除去，消除devour/di5vauE（r）/v.吞没；毁灭swirl/swE：l/打旋，旋动gamma rays γ 射线supernova/7sju：pE5nEuvE/n.超新星。

2020职称英语理工类A级考试阅读理解习题(2)

2020职称英语理工类A级考试阅读理解习题（2）The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It isso hot and active that even the Sun's gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check!Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move atspeeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma,and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more activethe Sun,the strongerthe solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth,butdon't worry because a protective magneticfields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.The breaking and reconnecting of the magneticfield lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth's atmosphere at the poles. As theelectrons fall into the Earth,they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere,creating flashes of light in the sky.Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky,they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras（北极光）is fun and exciting,but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate（跳动）,flicker（闪烁）,or even move like waves. During solar maximum,5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida,even Mexico!Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground,but the lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers above the ground,a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long,a few hundred kilometers high,but only a few hundred meters thick.We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it！41.The solar wind comes into being as a result ofA. disappearance of the Sun's gravity.B. unpredictable weather of the Sun.C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun.D. a stream of particles being blown away.42.What happens when solar wind comes to the Earth？A. A protective magnetic field is forms at the same time.B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.C. It destroys the protective magnetic field surrounding the Earth.D. It breaks magnetic field lines and does severe damage to the Earth.43.The Northern Lights are created whenA. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collide with atmospheric gases.B. the magnetic field lines fail to reconnect.C. the electrons falling to the Earth shine in different colors.D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from the atmospheric gases.44.Which of the following statements is true of the Northern Lights？A. Their movement is slow enough to be observed with the eyes.B. People cannot see them unless traveling to Alaska or Canada.C. They are very close to the ground.D. They are very lng and thick.45.What is the auther's tone toward the Northern Lights？A. indifferent.B. Sarcastic.C. Sharp.D. Appreciative.。

2020年职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解模拟试题及答案(2)

2020 年职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解模拟试题及答案(2)Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist Attack?In the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, structural engineers are trying bard to solve a question that a month ago would have been completely unthinkable ：Can building be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflict4ed by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers, structural engineers from the University at Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) headquartered at UB traveled to ground zero as part of a project funded by the National Science Foundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two days beginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and to search for clues on how to do so in buildings that were damaged, but still are standing.“Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding the World Trade Center, those buildings that are still standing, but that sustained damage,” said M. Bruneau, Ph.D. “Our immediate hope is thatwe can develop a better understanding as to why those buildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings in the event of terrorist attacks, ”he added.Photographs taken by the investigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental damage inflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block away from the towers remains standing, but was badly damaged. “This building is many meters away fromthe World Trade Center and yet we see a column there that used to be part of that building, ” explained A Whittaker, Ph. D. “The column became a missile that shot across the road,through the window and through the floor. ”The visit to the area also revealed some surprises, according to the engineers. For example, the floor framing system in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged, allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact. “Highly redundant ductile framing systemsmay provide a simple, but robust strategy for blast resistance, ” he added. Other strategies may include providing alternate paths for gravity loads in the event that a load- bearing column fails. “ We also need a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse, ” said AWhittaker. “We need to find out what causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it. ”A Reinhorn, Ph. D. noted that “ Earthquake shakin g hasled to the collapse of many buildings in the past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structural components. Solutions developed for earthquakeresistant design may be directly applicable to blast engineering and terrorist-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutions and to develop new ones where none exist at present. ”31 The question raised in the first paragraph is oneA that was asked by structural engineers a month agoB that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even nowC that was never difficult for before the terrorist attackD that terrorists are eager to find a solution to32 The project funded by the National Science FoundationA was first proposed by some engineers at UBB took about two days to completeC was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attackD was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts33 The column mentioned by Dr. Whittaker ________ .A was part of the building close to the World Trade CenterB was part of the World Trade CenterC was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade CenterD damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center34 A surprising discovery made by the investigatorsduring their visit to ground zero is that ________ .A floors in the adjacent building remain undamagedB some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosionC simple floor framing systems are more blast resistantD floors in one of the adjacent buildings were piercedby tons of debris35 What Dr. Reinhorn said in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that __________________ .A blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant designB blast engineering can borrow technologies developedfor terror-resistant designC solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to terrorist-resistant designD slast engineering emerges as a new branch of science答案：31 C建筑设计是否能使建筑具有抵御恐怖袭击的性能，是一个月前世界贸易中心受到袭击之前人们从未想过的一个问题。

2020年职称英语理工类A级阅读理解第二篇考试真题及答案

2020年职称英语理工类A级阅读理解第二篇考试真题及答案阅读理解第二篇 Deforestation and Desertification(沙漠化）TheSahel zone lies between the Saharadesert and thefertile savannahs(热带大草原）ofnorthern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional ,andthis is a good description of thesesemi-arid(半干旱）lands,whichoccupy much of the Western African countries of Mail,Mauritania,Niger,and Chad.Unfortunately, over the last century theSahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahellands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land inagriculture use in Africa has deterioratedover the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recentlasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process ofdesertification istaking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desertadvances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.One ofthe major causes of this desert advance ispoor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population.Overgrazing一 keeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water suppliesare exhausted. Overcultivation一tryingto grow too many crops on poor land一 resultsin thesoil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning tobreak up. Soilerosion (侵蚀) follows, and the land turns into desert.Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cutdown for use as fuel and to clear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help tobind the soil together, to conserve moisture, and to provide a habitat forother plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry andloosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventuallythe fertile top soil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock anddust.The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. Theyare,however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainableagricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessenthe effects of shortage of rainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Malifunded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management offorest,while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的）agriculturaleconomy. This may be a model for similar projects in otherWest African countries.35 order to prevent desertification,the author proposes ___.A. making good use of international aidsB. developing a sustainableagricultural economyC. gaining international supportD. converting agricultural land intoforest答案：b36．The Sahel zone is an area which ___.A. is covered with sad and grassB. has a long historyC. occupies much of South NigeriaD. belongs to Sudan答案：a37. What is the situation about thedesertification in Africa?A. The deserts are replaced withgrasslandsB. The deserts are expandingC. the deserts are moving northwardsD. the deserts are being deserted答案：b38. The word “deteriorated ” in paragraph2 means ___.A. deepenedB. sufferedC. slippedD. worsened答案：d39. What is the root causeof desertification?A. poor farming。