抗生素药理学(英文PPT) Pharmacology of the Antibiotics
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Bacteriostatic Erythromycin, tetracyclines, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, sulfonamides
Bactericidal - Penicillins, Cephalosphorins, Metronidazole, Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Polymyxin
(e.g. Erythromycin and Clindamycin may be bactericidal at higher blood levels)
Factors That Determine the Likehood Of a microorganism Causing an Infection:
1. Virulence of the microorganism 2. Number of the microorganism present 3. Resistance of the host
Potentially Periodontopathic Bacteria:
Adult peiodontitis
PROTEIN SYNຫໍສະໝຸດ BaiduHESIS INHIBITORS
CELL WALL Permeability DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin Macrolides, aminogylcosides Ketoconazole
The early penicillin drugs are examples.
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives
Broad-spectrum anti-infectives affect many bacteria.
Meropenem is an example. Because narrow spectrum antibiotics
- Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans - Capnocytophaga sp.
Streptococcus mutans – causing dental
caries ( most common dental infection)
treatment of choice: local physical removal of microbial plaque on a regular basis( good oral hygiene)
bacterial cell WALL Inhibition of protein synthesis Some change the cell membrane
permeability Some inhibit DNA synthesis
Examples
CELL WALL INHIBITORS
Antimicrobial use in dentistry
Infection/Situation
Drug of Choice Alternative drugs
Periodontal Disease ANUG (Vincent)
Penicillin V
Metronidazole Tetracycline
Spectrum of Activity of Antiinfectives
Anti-infectives that interfere with the ability of the cell to reproduce/replicate without killing them are called BACTERIOSTATIC drugs.
Pharmacology of the Antibiotics
PAUL E. MANAIG,M.D.
General Mechanisms of Action of anti-infective agents
The mechanisms are: Inhibition the biosynthesis of
are selective, they are more active against single organisms than the
broad spectrum antibiotics.
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives Anti-infective agents can also be:
Quinolones
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives
Narrow spectrum
Broad-spectrum
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives
Narrow spectrum anti-infectives affect only a few bacterial types
- Bacteriodes gingivalis - B. intermedius - Fusobacterium nucleatum - Veillonella parvula - Actinomyces (naestundii, israelli, viscosus)
Localized Juvenile Periodontitis
Tetracycline is an example.
Spectrum of Activity of Antiinfectives
Antibiotics that can aggressively cause bacterial death are called BACTERICIDAL.
These properties (-cidal and –static) can also depend on the antibiotic concentration in the blood.
Bactericidal - Penicillins, Cephalosphorins, Metronidazole, Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Polymyxin
(e.g. Erythromycin and Clindamycin may be bactericidal at higher blood levels)
Factors That Determine the Likehood Of a microorganism Causing an Infection:
1. Virulence of the microorganism 2. Number of the microorganism present 3. Resistance of the host
Potentially Periodontopathic Bacteria:
Adult peiodontitis
PROTEIN SYNຫໍສະໝຸດ BaiduHESIS INHIBITORS
CELL WALL Permeability DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin Macrolides, aminogylcosides Ketoconazole
The early penicillin drugs are examples.
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives
Broad-spectrum anti-infectives affect many bacteria.
Meropenem is an example. Because narrow spectrum antibiotics
- Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans - Capnocytophaga sp.
Streptococcus mutans – causing dental
caries ( most common dental infection)
treatment of choice: local physical removal of microbial plaque on a regular basis( good oral hygiene)
bacterial cell WALL Inhibition of protein synthesis Some change the cell membrane
permeability Some inhibit DNA synthesis
Examples
CELL WALL INHIBITORS
Antimicrobial use in dentistry
Infection/Situation
Drug of Choice Alternative drugs
Periodontal Disease ANUG (Vincent)
Penicillin V
Metronidazole Tetracycline
Spectrum of Activity of Antiinfectives
Anti-infectives that interfere with the ability of the cell to reproduce/replicate without killing them are called BACTERIOSTATIC drugs.
Pharmacology of the Antibiotics
PAUL E. MANAIG,M.D.
General Mechanisms of Action of anti-infective agents
The mechanisms are: Inhibition the biosynthesis of
are selective, they are more active against single organisms than the
broad spectrum antibiotics.
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives Anti-infective agents can also be:
Quinolones
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives
Narrow spectrum
Broad-spectrum
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives
Narrow spectrum anti-infectives affect only a few bacterial types
- Bacteriodes gingivalis - B. intermedius - Fusobacterium nucleatum - Veillonella parvula - Actinomyces (naestundii, israelli, viscosus)
Localized Juvenile Periodontitis
Tetracycline is an example.
Spectrum of Activity of Antiinfectives
Antibiotics that can aggressively cause bacterial death are called BACTERICIDAL.
These properties (-cidal and –static) can also depend on the antibiotic concentration in the blood.