抗生素药理学(英文PPT) Pharmacology of the Antibiotics

Spectrum of Activity of Antiinfectives
Anti-infectives that interfere with the ability of the cell to reproduce/replicate without killing them are called BACTERIOSTATIC drugs.
- Bacteriodes gingivalis - B. intermedius - Fusobacterium nucleatum - Veillonella parvula - Actinomyces (naestundii, israelli, viscosus)
Localized Juvenile Periodontitis
1. Virulence of the microorganism 2. Number of the microorganism present 3. Resistance of the host
Potentially Periodontopathic Bacteria:
Adult peiodontitis
The early penicillin drugs are examples.
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives
Broad-spectrum anti-infectives affect many bacteria.
Meropenem is an example. Because narrow spectrum antibiotics
Tetracycline is an example.
Spectrum of Activity of Antiinfectives
Antibiotics that can aggressively cause bacterial death are called BACTERICIDAL.
These properties (-cidal and –static) can also depend on the antibiotic concentration in the blood.
- Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans - Capnocytophaga sp.
Streptococcus mutans – causing dental
caries ( most common dental infection)
treatment of choice: local physical removal of microbial plaque on a regular basis( good oral hygiene)
(e.g. Erythromycin and Clindamycin may be bactericidal at higher blood levels)
Factors That Determine the Likehood Of a microorganism Causing an Infection:
Pharmacology of the Antibiotics
PAUL E. MANAIG,M.D.
General Mechanisms of Action of anti-infective agents
The mechanisms are: Inhibition the biosynthesis of
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
CELL WALL Permeability DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS
penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin Macrolides, aminogylcosides Ketoconazole
Bacteriostatic Erythromycin, tetracyclines, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, sulfonamides
Bactericidal - Penicillins, Cephalosphorins, Metronidazole, Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Polymyxin
Antimicrobial use in dentistry
Infection/Situation
Drug tal Disease ANUG (Vincent)
Penicillin V
Metronidazole Tetracycline
are selective, they are more active against single organisms than the
broad spectrum antibiotics.
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives Anti-infective agents can also be:
Quinolones
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives
Narrow spectrum
Broad-spectrum
Spectrum of Activity of Anti-infectives
Narrow spectrum anti-infectives affect only a few bacterial types
bacterial cell WALL Inhibition of protein synthesis Some change the cell membrane
permeability Some inhibit DNA synthesis
Examples
CELL WALL INHIBITORS