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Downstream Processing Products in a fermenter are impure and dilute, so need to be purified by downstream processing. This usually involves filtration to separate the microbial cells from the liquid medium, followed by chemical purification and concentration of the product.
HSC
Conclusions
Science is a two sides sword.
Better a B solution to an A problem than the reverse! -- From Samuel J. Danishefsky
HSC
Thanks for your attention!
HSC
Yuan Ning 2013.12.16
HSC
In short, antibiotics(antibacterials) are medical drugs used to kill bacteria and treat infection. At the beginning, the term 'antibiosis', meaning "against life," was introduced by the French bacteriologist Jean Paul Vuillemin as a descriptive name of the phenomenon exhibited by these early antibacterial drugs.
HSC
Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin.
Antibiotics can be selectively toxic by targeting such features as the bacterial cell wall, 70S ribosomes, and enzymes that are specific to bacteria. In this way the human eukaryotic cells are unaffected.
Antibiotics are antimicrobial agents produced naturally by other microbes (usually fungi or bacteria). The first antibiotic was discovered in 1896 by Ernest Duchesne and ”rediscovered” by Alexander Flemming in 1928 from the filamentous fungus Penicilium notatum.
Downstream processing can account for 50% for the cost of a process.
HSC
drug resistance
superbugs
HSC
Lance Armstrong
The Oprah Winfrey Show
EPO
HSC
Erythropoietin, also known as erythropoetin or erthropoyetin , is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. It is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. Human EPO has a molecular weight of 34 kDa. Also called hematopoietin or hemopoietin, it is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with peritubular capillary and tubular epithelial tubule. It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. While liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period, renal production is predominant during adulthood. In addition to erythropoiesis, erythropoietin also has other known biological functions. For example, it plays an important role in the brain's response to neuronal injury.EPO is also involved in the wound healing process. When exogenous EPO is used as a performance-enhancing drug, it is classified as an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). Exogenous EPO can often be detected in blood, due to slight differences from the endogenous protein, for example, in features of posttranslational modification.
HSCFra Baidu bibliotek
HSC
NO.1 Diversity of the amino acid functional
group
How to distinguish different amino acid functional groups of each amino acid on polypeptide chain?
Brilliant Breakthrough
HSC
Introduction
Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago.Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mold and plant materials and extracts to treat infections.
HSC
HSC
1.Downstream processing is relatively easy since penicillin is secreted into the medium (to kill other cells), so there is no need to break open the fungal cells. 2.The product needs to be very pure, since it being used as a therapeutic medical drug, so it is dissolved and then precipitated as a potassium salt so separate it from other substances in the medium.
HSC
Penicillium fungus
The antibiotic substance, named penicillin, was not purified until the 1940s (by Florey and Chain), just in time to be used at the end of the Second World War. Penicillin was the first important commercial product produced by an aerobic, submerged fermentation. When penicillin was first made at the end of the Second World War using the fungus Penicilium notatum, the process made 1mg dm-3. Today, using a different species (P.chrysogenum) and a better extraction procedures the yield is 50 g dm-3. There is a constant search to improve the yield.
HSC
NO.2 Complex structure of
Glycosyl
How to distinguish peptide (amino acid side chain) and polysaccharide?
HSC
“EPO is the most complex biologics synthesized to date,” says Laura Kiessling, a chemist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, who calls the accomplishment “remarkable.”
HSC
Conclusions
Science is a two sides sword.
Better a B solution to an A problem than the reverse! -- From Samuel J. Danishefsky
HSC
Thanks for your attention!
HSC
Yuan Ning 2013.12.16
HSC
In short, antibiotics(antibacterials) are medical drugs used to kill bacteria and treat infection. At the beginning, the term 'antibiosis', meaning "against life," was introduced by the French bacteriologist Jean Paul Vuillemin as a descriptive name of the phenomenon exhibited by these early antibacterial drugs.
HSC
Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin.
Antibiotics can be selectively toxic by targeting such features as the bacterial cell wall, 70S ribosomes, and enzymes that are specific to bacteria. In this way the human eukaryotic cells are unaffected.
Antibiotics are antimicrobial agents produced naturally by other microbes (usually fungi or bacteria). The first antibiotic was discovered in 1896 by Ernest Duchesne and ”rediscovered” by Alexander Flemming in 1928 from the filamentous fungus Penicilium notatum.
Downstream processing can account for 50% for the cost of a process.
HSC
drug resistance
superbugs
HSC
Lance Armstrong
The Oprah Winfrey Show
EPO
HSC
Erythropoietin, also known as erythropoetin or erthropoyetin , is a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis, or red blood cell production. It is a cytokine for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. Human EPO has a molecular weight of 34 kDa. Also called hematopoietin or hemopoietin, it is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with peritubular capillary and tubular epithelial tubule. It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. While liver production predominates in the fetal and perinatal period, renal production is predominant during adulthood. In addition to erythropoiesis, erythropoietin also has other known biological functions. For example, it plays an important role in the brain's response to neuronal injury.EPO is also involved in the wound healing process. When exogenous EPO is used as a performance-enhancing drug, it is classified as an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). Exogenous EPO can often be detected in blood, due to slight differences from the endogenous protein, for example, in features of posttranslational modification.
HSCFra Baidu bibliotek
HSC
NO.1 Diversity of the amino acid functional
group
How to distinguish different amino acid functional groups of each amino acid on polypeptide chain?
Brilliant Breakthrough
HSC
Introduction
Before the early 20th century, treatments for infections were based primarily on medicinal folklore. Mixtures with antimicrobial properties that were used in treatments of infections were described over 2000 years ago.Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mold and plant materials and extracts to treat infections.
HSC
HSC
1.Downstream processing is relatively easy since penicillin is secreted into the medium (to kill other cells), so there is no need to break open the fungal cells. 2.The product needs to be very pure, since it being used as a therapeutic medical drug, so it is dissolved and then precipitated as a potassium salt so separate it from other substances in the medium.
HSC
Penicillium fungus
The antibiotic substance, named penicillin, was not purified until the 1940s (by Florey and Chain), just in time to be used at the end of the Second World War. Penicillin was the first important commercial product produced by an aerobic, submerged fermentation. When penicillin was first made at the end of the Second World War using the fungus Penicilium notatum, the process made 1mg dm-3. Today, using a different species (P.chrysogenum) and a better extraction procedures the yield is 50 g dm-3. There is a constant search to improve the yield.
HSC
NO.2 Complex structure of
Glycosyl
How to distinguish peptide (amino acid side chain) and polysaccharide?
HSC
“EPO is the most complex biologics synthesized to date,” says Laura Kiessling, a chemist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, who calls the accomplishment “remarkable.”