语言学名词解释

Government is another type of control over the forms of some words by other words in a certain syntactic relationship
Concord( agreement)maybe defined the requirements that the form of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of categories
Syntagmatic:A relation between one item and others in a sequence.
Paradigmatic:The relation between words or phrases that can be substituted in the same grammatical position.
Theme 主位: is a point of departure that equally present to the speaker and to the hearer and is the ground on which they meet
Rheme述位: is a goal of discourse that present the very information to the hearer
Sense is concerned with inherent meaning of the linguistic form.it is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form it is abstract and de-contextualizedit is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are intereated in
Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world .it deals with the relationship between the linguistic form and the non-linguistic word of experience Hyponymy: refers to the sense of relation between a mor general more incljusive word and more specific word.it refers to the relationship the meaning of one word is included in the meaning of another word
Homonymy :refers to the phenomenon that words having the different meanings have the same form
Componential analysis is a way propsed by the structural sematists to analyse word meaning .this approach is based on the belief into meaning components called semantic features.it provides an insight into the meaning of words and a way to study the relationships between words that are related in meaning.
Communicative Dynamism:According to Firbad,linguistic communication is not a static phenomenon but a dynamic one.it is to measure the amount of information an element carries in the sentence .more information an element carries much higher is the degree of communicative dynamism.
Locutionary act:is an act of saying sth that is an act of making a meaningful utterance(literal meaning of an utterance)
Illocutionary act is an act performed in saying sth that is in saying X,I was doing Y(Y is the intention of the speaker while speaking)
Deep structure ::it is formed by phrase structure rules and the undesrlying level of structural relations between its different constitutes.. Surface structure is closelyl corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentences that people actually produces and receive.
Syntax is a branch of linguistics that study how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.
Pragmatic is the study of meaning,is the study of meaning of language in certain contexts,is the study of language in use or language in communication.
Social meaning 社会意义it is the level of meaning that we rely on when we identify certain social characteristics of speakers and situations from the words used in communication
Cooperative Principle:合作原则Quantity1、Make your contribution as informative as is required 2、Do not make your contribution mor informative than is required… Quality:1、Do not say what you believe to be false 2、Do not say that for which you lack adequake evidence. Relation:Be relevant. Manner: Be perspicuous1、Avoid obscurity of expression 2、Avoid ambiguity 3、Be brief 4、Be orderly。