焊接残余应力与变形(III)_李娅娜-84
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Weld residual stresses: believed to play dominant role in crack initiation and growth
焊接残余应力：认为其对裂纹的萌生和增长起主导作用
Comprehensive FFS evaluation were performed:
显微结构模型预测： 马氏体的成分较高， 但是集中在1mm范围内
Analysis performed at Battelle
Measurements:
Surface: MBEL
Thickness: Bristol University
在Battelle做分析测量： 表面：MBEL（英国三井 巴布科克公司） 厚度：布里斯托尔大学
深入理解FFS评估：
• Residual stress estimate for typical welds
容器底部
双坡口6道对接焊
Nozzle to Vessel Weld
接管焊接
Validation by Experiments and Parametric Analyses – Stainless Steel Pipe Girth Weld
试验验证和参数分析—不锈钢钢管环焊
Bending Type 弯曲类型
残余应力影响区域可由 rt 确定
rt
Residual Stress Profiles in the New API 579-
1/ASME FFS-1
新版API 579-1/ASME FFS-1中对残余应力的概述
Observations
小结:
A residual stress typing method is proposed to provide a framework for developing a comprehensive residual stress prescriptions for FFS purpose
Unit length bending moment:
单位长度的弯矩：
Parametric Descriptions of Through-Wall Axial
Residual Stress Distributions
整个厚度上轴向残余应力分布的参数描述
Residual Stress Influence Region Can be Scaled by
Residual Stress Decomposition: >60 Pass
Temper-Bead Repair Weld
残余应力分解：>60道回火修复焊缝
K Solutions
K求解
Stress Intensity Contributions from Residual
Stress, Notch Stress, and Structural Stress
特征长度：Leabharlann Baidu
4 k 1.285 4EI rt
Displacement wave length
位移波长：
a 2 4.9
rt
Pipe Radius Effects on Axial Residual Stress
Distributions
钢管半径对轴向残余应力分布的影响
Thickness Effects on Through-Thickness Residual Stress Distributions at Toe (r/t=10)
缺陷评估时断裂力学对残余应力的处理 Fracture mechanics driving force characterization
断裂力学的裂纹扩展特性
Proper treatment of residual stresses in fracture Assessment
在断裂评估方面残余应力的适当处理
Decomposition Technique
基于平衡条件的残余应力分解技术
Actual Residual Stress State
实际残余应力状态
Residual Stress Decomposition
残余应力的分解
Approximate K Solution – Displacement
Controlled
残余应力分析及结果—H4
Analysis of A Growing Surface Crack
扩展中的表面裂纹分析
K Solution for a Long Surface Crack
长表面裂纹的K求解
SSC Growth Behavior Estimation in a Storage Vessel
环形裂纹增长至约1m长——非表面断 裂
Needs:
需要：
Identify crack driving force
确定裂纹扩展力
Establish how crack will potentially grow
确立裂纹如何扩展
Residual Stress Analysis and Results – H4
一般残余应力的分布可由这两种基本类型来评估
Some of the critical parameters controlling bending to self－ equilibrating composition are established (t and r/t, or sqrt(rt))
板厚对焊趾处厚度方向残余应力分布的影响(r/t=10)
Axial Residual Stress
轴向残余应力
Hoop Residual Stress
环向残余应力
Axial Residual Stress – Through Thickness Bending Component
轴向残余应力—厚度方向上的弯曲分量
Residual Stress Decomposition for a Stainless
Steel Joint
不锈钢接头的残余应力分解
C-Mn Vessel Shell Repair with Temper Bead
Techniques
用焊道回火技术修复C-Mn容器壁
Microstructure Model Predictions: Relatively high volumetric fractions For martensite, but very localized within 1 mm range
Hoop stress
环向应力：
Hoop line force
环向力：
F ti S yti
Radial line force
径向力：
Radial modulus
径向模量：
Fr F / r ti / r S yti / r
k
Et r2
Characteristics length
残余应力、缺口应力和结构应力对应力强度的贡献
H4 Weld Stress Corrosion Cracking in Core
Shroud
芯座的H4（？）焊缝应力腐蚀裂纹
Negligible external loading
很小的外部载荷
Circumferential crack growth up to about 1m long－not surface breaking
快速求解方法
• Partial and fully imbedded cracks
部分或完全的嵌入裂纹
• Multiple cracks solved simultaneously
多裂纹同时求解
• Propagating cracks
裂纹扩展
Equilibrium Based Residual Stress
在残余应力场中裂纹的扩展
Summary
概要
Background
背景
Cracks detected at various welds in high level waste storage tanks
在高级废料存储罐不同焊缝上发现裂纹
External loading: small
外部载荷：小
Validation by Experiments and Parametric Analyses
– Carbon Steel Pipe Girth Weld (Mochizuki ,00)
试验验证和参数分析—碳钢钢管环焊(Mochizuki ,00)
Validations of Self-Equilibrating Type
为进一步理解残余应力描述，提出了一种残余应力分类方法的框架
Two fundamental types of axial residual stress distributions are identified
确定了两种基本类型的轴向残余应力分布
An general residual stress distribution can be estimated by a proper mixture of the two fundamental types
Contributions of residual stresses to fracture
残余应力对断裂的贡献
J-Integral: Path Dependency of J in
Conventional Form
J积分：传统形式中J的路径相关性
Through-wall selfequilibrating residual stress component
厚度上自平衡残余应力分量
Significant nonproportional Loading
明显的非比例加载
Stress-Strain Behavior in Residual Stress Field
Upon External Loading – Validity of K
基于外部载荷下的残余应力场中应力-应变行为—K的有效性
船舶存储罐的SSC（硫化物应力裂纹）扩展行为估计
Background
背景
Residual stress solutions for a girth weld
环焊的残余应力求解
Stress intensity factor solution techniques
应力强度因子求解技术
Crack growth behavior in residual stress fields
近似K求解——位移控制
Effects of Through-Wall Residual Stress
Distribution on K
厚度上残余应力分布情况对K值的影响
Validation - a Stainless Steel Core Shroud H4 】
Weld
验证—不锈钢芯座 H4 焊接
“Bending” Type Residual Stresses in Other
Weld Configurations
其它焊接结构的“弯曲”型残余应力
Double-V 30-Pass Butt-Weld At Vessel End
容器末端双坡口30道对接焊
Double-V 6-Pass Butt-Weld At Vessel Bottom
3D Finite Element Alternating Method for K Calculations
K计算的3D有限元交替法
• Unique Features:
独特性： • Direct use of a 3D CAD Model
三维 CAD模型的直接使用
• Rapid solution method
确定了控制弯曲到自平衡分量的（？？？）一些关键参数
The contributions of residual stresses to K should be treated as displacement controlled conditions
残余应力对K的作用被视为位移控制条件
Fracture Mechanics Treatment of Residual Stresses in Defect Assessment
自平衡类型的验证
Pipe Radial Restraints: A Key Controlling Parameter for
Bending Content in Residual Stress Distribution
管的径向约束：残余应力分布中弯曲中心(???)的关键控制参
数 Hoop strain 环向应变：
焊接残余应力：认为其对裂纹的萌生和增长起主导作用
Comprehensive FFS evaluation were performed:
显微结构模型预测： 马氏体的成分较高， 但是集中在1mm范围内
Analysis performed at Battelle
Measurements:
Surface: MBEL
Thickness: Bristol University
在Battelle做分析测量： 表面：MBEL（英国三井 巴布科克公司） 厚度：布里斯托尔大学
深入理解FFS评估：
• Residual stress estimate for typical welds
容器底部
双坡口6道对接焊
Nozzle to Vessel Weld
接管焊接
Validation by Experiments and Parametric Analyses – Stainless Steel Pipe Girth Weld
试验验证和参数分析—不锈钢钢管环焊
Bending Type 弯曲类型
残余应力影响区域可由 rt 确定
rt
Residual Stress Profiles in the New API 579-
1/ASME FFS-1
新版API 579-1/ASME FFS-1中对残余应力的概述
Observations
小结:
A residual stress typing method is proposed to provide a framework for developing a comprehensive residual stress prescriptions for FFS purpose
Unit length bending moment:
单位长度的弯矩：
Parametric Descriptions of Through-Wall Axial
Residual Stress Distributions
整个厚度上轴向残余应力分布的参数描述
Residual Stress Influence Region Can be Scaled by
Residual Stress Decomposition: >60 Pass
Temper-Bead Repair Weld
残余应力分解：>60道回火修复焊缝
K Solutions
K求解
Stress Intensity Contributions from Residual
Stress, Notch Stress, and Structural Stress
特征长度：Leabharlann Baidu
4 k 1.285 4EI rt
Displacement wave length
位移波长：
a 2 4.9
rt
Pipe Radius Effects on Axial Residual Stress
Distributions
钢管半径对轴向残余应力分布的影响
Thickness Effects on Through-Thickness Residual Stress Distributions at Toe (r/t=10)
缺陷评估时断裂力学对残余应力的处理 Fracture mechanics driving force characterization
断裂力学的裂纹扩展特性
Proper treatment of residual stresses in fracture Assessment
在断裂评估方面残余应力的适当处理
Decomposition Technique
基于平衡条件的残余应力分解技术
Actual Residual Stress State
实际残余应力状态
Residual Stress Decomposition
残余应力的分解
Approximate K Solution – Displacement
Controlled
残余应力分析及结果—H4
Analysis of A Growing Surface Crack
扩展中的表面裂纹分析
K Solution for a Long Surface Crack
长表面裂纹的K求解
SSC Growth Behavior Estimation in a Storage Vessel
环形裂纹增长至约1m长——非表面断 裂
Needs:
需要：
Identify crack driving force
确定裂纹扩展力
Establish how crack will potentially grow
确立裂纹如何扩展
Residual Stress Analysis and Results – H4
一般残余应力的分布可由这两种基本类型来评估
Some of the critical parameters controlling bending to self－ equilibrating composition are established (t and r/t, or sqrt(rt))
板厚对焊趾处厚度方向残余应力分布的影响(r/t=10)
Axial Residual Stress
轴向残余应力
Hoop Residual Stress
环向残余应力
Axial Residual Stress – Through Thickness Bending Component
轴向残余应力—厚度方向上的弯曲分量
Residual Stress Decomposition for a Stainless
Steel Joint
不锈钢接头的残余应力分解
C-Mn Vessel Shell Repair with Temper Bead
Techniques
用焊道回火技术修复C-Mn容器壁
Microstructure Model Predictions: Relatively high volumetric fractions For martensite, but very localized within 1 mm range
Hoop stress
环向应力：
Hoop line force
环向力：
F ti S yti
Radial line force
径向力：
Radial modulus
径向模量：
Fr F / r ti / r S yti / r
k
Et r2
Characteristics length
残余应力、缺口应力和结构应力对应力强度的贡献
H4 Weld Stress Corrosion Cracking in Core
Shroud
芯座的H4（？）焊缝应力腐蚀裂纹
Negligible external loading
很小的外部载荷
Circumferential crack growth up to about 1m long－not surface breaking
快速求解方法
• Partial and fully imbedded cracks
部分或完全的嵌入裂纹
• Multiple cracks solved simultaneously
多裂纹同时求解
• Propagating cracks
裂纹扩展
Equilibrium Based Residual Stress
在残余应力场中裂纹的扩展
Summary
概要
Background
背景
Cracks detected at various welds in high level waste storage tanks
在高级废料存储罐不同焊缝上发现裂纹
External loading: small
外部载荷：小
Validation by Experiments and Parametric Analyses
– Carbon Steel Pipe Girth Weld (Mochizuki ,00)
试验验证和参数分析—碳钢钢管环焊(Mochizuki ,00)
Validations of Self-Equilibrating Type
为进一步理解残余应力描述，提出了一种残余应力分类方法的框架
Two fundamental types of axial residual stress distributions are identified
确定了两种基本类型的轴向残余应力分布
An general residual stress distribution can be estimated by a proper mixture of the two fundamental types
Contributions of residual stresses to fracture
残余应力对断裂的贡献
J-Integral: Path Dependency of J in
Conventional Form
J积分：传统形式中J的路径相关性
Through-wall selfequilibrating residual stress component
厚度上自平衡残余应力分量
Significant nonproportional Loading
明显的非比例加载
Stress-Strain Behavior in Residual Stress Field
Upon External Loading – Validity of K
基于外部载荷下的残余应力场中应力-应变行为—K的有效性
船舶存储罐的SSC（硫化物应力裂纹）扩展行为估计
Background
背景
Residual stress solutions for a girth weld
环焊的残余应力求解
Stress intensity factor solution techniques
应力强度因子求解技术
Crack growth behavior in residual stress fields
近似K求解——位移控制
Effects of Through-Wall Residual Stress
Distribution on K
厚度上残余应力分布情况对K值的影响
Validation - a Stainless Steel Core Shroud H4 】
Weld
验证—不锈钢芯座 H4 焊接
“Bending” Type Residual Stresses in Other
Weld Configurations
其它焊接结构的“弯曲”型残余应力
Double-V 30-Pass Butt-Weld At Vessel End
容器末端双坡口30道对接焊
Double-V 6-Pass Butt-Weld At Vessel Bottom
3D Finite Element Alternating Method for K Calculations
K计算的3D有限元交替法
• Unique Features:
独特性： • Direct use of a 3D CAD Model
三维 CAD模型的直接使用
• Rapid solution method
确定了控制弯曲到自平衡分量的（？？？）一些关键参数
The contributions of residual stresses to K should be treated as displacement controlled conditions
残余应力对K的作用被视为位移控制条件
Fracture Mechanics Treatment of Residual Stresses in Defect Assessment
自平衡类型的验证
Pipe Radial Restraints: A Key Controlling Parameter for
Bending Content in Residual Stress Distribution
管的径向约束：残余应力分布中弯曲中心(???)的关键控制参
数 Hoop strain 环向应变：