河南历史文化旅游景点介绍

1.少林寺

少林寺位于登封市西12公里处的嵩山五乳峰下，因寺处嵩山少室密林之中，故名“少林寺”，意为“深藏于少室山下密林中的寺院”。少林寺建于北魏太和十九年（公元495年），是孝文帝为安顿印度高僧跋陀而建。北魏孝昌三年（公元527年），印度高僧菩提达摩来到少林，在少室山五乳峰一天然石洞面壁九年，首传禅宗。是我国久负盛名的佛教寺院，声誉显赫的禅宗祖庭，少林功夫的发祥地。2007年“少林寺景区”被授予中国国家5A级旅游景区，2010年8月1日，包括少林寺常住院、塔林和初祖庵在内的“登封‘天地之中’历史古迹群”被列为世界文化遗产。

Shao Lin Temple is situated at the western foot of Songshan Mountain, 12 kilometers northwest to Dengfeng City, Henan Province. Against the backdrop of Wuru Peak of Shaoshi Mountain, it is surrounded with forests and hills as its natural defense. The “Shao”in “Shaolinsi”refers to “Shaoshi Mountain”; “lin”means "forest” and si “temple”. The name of Shaolin Temple literally means "temple in the woods of Shaoshi Mountain". Shaolin Temple was established in 495A.D. The then Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei dynasty (386-557) had the temple built to accommodate the Indian master Batuo (Buddhabhadra). In 527, the Indian monk Bodhidharma arrived at Shaolin Temple. He spent nine years meditating in a cave of the Wuru Peak and initiated the Chinese Chan tradition at Shaolin Temple. Thereafter, Bodhidharma was honored as the first Patriarch of Chan Buddhism. As Chinese Kungfu also originated from Shaolin Temple, it has been recognized as the origin of Chan Buddhism and the cradle of Kungfu. Shaolin Temple was listed as the national AAAAA tourist scenic spot in 2007, and its famed Pagoda Forest were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010 as part of the "Historic Monuments of Dengfeng."

2. 龙门石窟

龙门石窟位于洛阳市区南面12公里处，是与大同云岗石窟、敦煌千佛洞石窟齐名的我国三大石窟之一。龙门是一个风景秀丽的地方，这里有东、西两座青山对峙，伊水缓缓北流。远远望去，犹如一座天然门阙，所以古称“伊阙”。龙门石窟开凿于魏孝文帝迁都洛阳之际（公元493年），之后历经东魏、西魏、北齐、隋、唐、五代、宋等朝代400余年的营造，其中北魏和唐代大规模营建有140多年，从而形成了南北长达1公里、具有2300余座窟龛、10万余尊造像、2800余块碑刻题记的石窟遗存。在龙门的所有洞窟中，北魏洞窟约占30%，唐代占60%，其他朝代仅占10%。龙门石窟中最大的佛像卢舍那大佛，通高17.14米，头高4米，耳长1.9米；最小的佛像在莲花洞中，每个只有2厘米。

The Longmen Grottoes are located 12 kilometres south of present day Luoyang in Henan province. Along with the Mogao Caves(in Gansu Province) and Yungang Grottoes(in Shanxi Province), the Longmen Grottoes are one of the three most famous ancient sculptural sites in China. The Yi River flows northward between Xiangshan and Longmenshan mountains. The area used to be called Yique because it resembles a natural gate of the Yi River seen from a distance. The construction of the Longmen Grottoes began in 493 when the reign of Emperor Xiaowen relocated their

capital at Luoyang and continued through the successive seven dynasties, including Tang and Song, for a span of over 400 years. There are as many as 100,000 statues within the caves. The area also contains nearly 2,300 niches, 2,800 stelae and inscriptions. The biggest statue in Longmen Grottoes is 17.14 meters high, the height of its head is 4 meters and its ears are 1.9 meters long. The smallest ones is in The Lotus Cave, some is as short as 2 centimeters. Situated in a scenic natural environment, the caves were dug from a 1 kilometre stretch of cliff running along both banks of the river. 30% date from the Northern Wei Dynasty and 60% from the Tang, caves from other periods accounting for only 10% of the total.

龙门石窟是佛教文化的艺术表现，但它也折射出当时的政治、经济以及文化时尚。石窟中保留着大量的宗教、美术、建筑、书法、音乐、服饰、医药等方面的实物资料，对中国石窟艺术的创新与发展做出了重大贡献。2000年11月，联合国教科文组织将龙门石窟列入《世界文化遗产名录》，世界遗产委员会评价：龙门地区的石窟和佛龛展现了中国北魏晚期至唐代（公元493年～907年）期间，最具规模和最为优秀的造型艺术。这些详实描述佛教中宗教题材的艺术作品，代表了中国石刻艺术的最高峰。

Longmen Grottoes are artistic expressions of Buddha culture, it also reflects the then politics, economy and culture. Numerous materials about religion, art, construction, calligraphy, music, dress and medicine are reserved in the caves, making great contributions to the development of the art of grottoes. In 2000 the site was inscribed upon the UNESCO World Heritage List as “an outstanding manifestation of human artistic cre ativity,” for its perfection of an art form, and for its encapsulation of the cultural sophistication of China from Northern Wei Dynasty to Tang Dynasty (493- 907).

3. 白马寺

白马寺位于河南洛阳城东10公里处，号称“中国第一古刹”，是佛教传入中国后第一所官办寺院。它建于东汉明帝永平11年(公元68年)，距今已有近2000年的历史。

White Horse Temple, 10 kilometers east of Luoyang, Henan Province, is the first Buddhist temple in China and the first temple built since Buddhism spread to China in the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD). It was established in 68 AD under the patronage of Emperor Ming in the Eastern Han capital Luoyang,dating back to 2000 years ago.

相传汉明帝刘庄夜寝南宫，梦金神头放白光，飞绕殿庭。次日得知梦为佛，遂遣使臣蔡愔、秦景等前往西域拜求佛法。蔡、秦等人在月氏（今阿富汗一带）遇上了在该地游化宣教的天竺（古印度）高僧迦什摩腾、竺法兰。蔡、秦等于是邀请佛僧到中国宣讲佛法，并用白马驮载佛经、佛像，跋山涉水，于永平十年（公元67年）来到京城洛阳。汉明帝敕令仿天竺式样修建寺院。为铭记白马驮经之功，遂将寺院取名“白马寺”。

According to historical records, Emperor Ming of the Eastern Han Dynasty