高考英语完形填空讲解

高考英语完形填空讲解

完形填空是一篇语义完整、层次清晰、短小精悍、上下文逻辑关系密切的文章，近年来特别强调对整体的感知和把握。高考完形填空在整个试卷中起着承上启下的作用，它要求考生既具备综合运用语言知识的能力，又要有一定的阅读理解能力，同时还要有一定的综合思维和逻辑推理能力。完形填空是高考的一个重点，同时也是一个难点，当然也是考生大量失分的一个环节。

高考完形填空命题有什么特点和变化？考生面对这些特点和变化如何积极备考？完形填空考查考生什么方面的能力以及如何有效解题？此文旨在帮助大家明确解题方向，拓宽解题思路。

1.高考完形填空的命题特色、变化及备考策略

⑴首句不设空。保留一个完整的提示句，以引导考生迅速有效地把握文章的基调和内容，考生需要重视和理解这个提示句，联系文章结尾，作充分不明确的理解和把握，不能一视而过，错失把握文章主旨的良机。

⑵备选答案多以实词为主，虚词为辅。实词是指动词、名词、形容词和副词；虚词是指连词、介词和代词。这种命题思想提高了考试难度，同时成了重要的被考指导原则及形式为内容服务的原则。考生需要把握解题的突破口：整体把握文章信息，避免单一的语法角度解题。

⑶由从四个选项中选择一个“正确答案”过渡为选择“最佳答案”。这在解题做答时，就有了质的变化，对考生语言能力提出了更高的要求。考生需要辨别备选词的细微差别，依据语境联系上下文，做出更准确更确切的选择，而不仅仅是根据语法解题。

⑷突出语篇，语境选择为主，语法选择为辅。从高考完形近几年的变化可看出，只需要依据空句本身就可以看出答案的小题只占10%到20%，需要跨越句子解题的占80%以上，解题需要纵观全篇，才能做出正确选择，这就需要考生解题时把注意力放在通篇把握上，不要做单句的理解，割裂语篇要传递的信息。

⑸短文题材向多样化发展。从多年的高考完形来看，试题大多是叙述性文体的小故事。随着高考英语水平的不断升级，完形填空已经突破了单一的叙述性文体，可能在叙述文体为主的情况下，说明文、甚至议论文和描述性说明文体，或者向突出细节描写，刻画人物内心描写，夹叙夹议等方向发展。因此考生要关注这种变化，平时训练中要做多样化的试题，要做到有的放失。

提出这五种命题特色和变化，目的在于考生对高考完形有一个整体的把握和认识，启发大家要更新观念，改进固有的学习习惯和解题思路，真正在完形填空这一难点上有所突破和创新。

2. 高考完形填空考查能力的角度：

高考完形填空通常从五个角度考查考生的语言能力，即：

⑴词义辨析型⑵固定搭配和常用短语型⑶利用上下文进行逻辑推断型⑷语境型

⑸利用文化背景和文化常识推断型。

1. 词义辨析型⑴定义：重点考查考生对英语实词的意义和用法的掌握，尤其是对近义词或短语在

具体语境中词义范围、程度、感情色彩等方面区别的准确把握。

⑵命题分析：例1.

As I drove my blue Buick into the garage, I saw that a yellow Oldsmobile was 21 too close to my space. I had to drive back and forth to get my car into the 22 space. That left 23 enough room to open the door.

21. A. driven B. parked C. stopped D. stayed (park强调停的状态，stop强调停的动作)

22. A. complete B. close C. narrow D. fixed (fixed是固有的，误选D就简单化，缺乏语境.C)

23. A. quite B. nearly C. seldom D. hardly (表达一个否定的意义，只有D符合。)

例2. they wanted to make as much ( 37 noise ) as possible to force ( 38 the government officials ) to realize what everybody was having to 39 .

39. A. stand B. accept C. know D. share (B是主动接受，A是被动忍受)

⑶解题认识：词义辨析往往需要借助于语境和上下文的逻辑关系进行判断，而不是单纯的考查词义

的区别。对于常用的实词多义要加强积累，不能停留在仅仅掌握基本词义上面。

2. 固定搭配和常用短语型

⑴定义：主要考查动词、名词、形容词等在句中与其它词的灵活搭配以及常见的固定短语。

⑵例题分析：Hidden passengers traveling in ships, trains, or even cars can be a terrible trouble--- especially when they are insects. As for this, there is a great 36 between human beings and insects. The former37 every possible effort to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly

38 attention to themselves.15’03’’

36. A. connection B. difference C. communication D. similarity (B) the former…while the latter

37. A. do B. take C. make D. try (C. 固定搭配make an effort to do sth.)

38. A. give B. keep C. pay D. draw (只有draw attention to 才符合语境)

⑶解题认识：固定搭配的考查也往往结合语境和上下文，体现了高考“内容为重，形式为辅”的原则。考生既要记住固定搭配和日常短语的固定形式，又要准确地把握其意义，解题过程中不能一看到熟悉的结构就不假思索地做出选择。

3. 利用上下文进行逻辑推断型

⑴定义：这类题的备选选项为隐性信息，需要借助上下文相关信息（指相近或相反）和关键提示词才能做出判断。

⑵例题分析：例1. In it(the parcel) were photos of all the actors of our show, personally signed by each performers. There were also50 of the public procession (游行队伍) and fireworks in the park, taken by the front-desk in her own time after work.

50. A. rules B. pictures C. handbooks D. performances (B, picture和photos构成also关系take picture) 例2. The huge mountain is called Matterhorn Mountain. Climbers had reached the top, using the southern route. But no one had ever dared to try a winter climbing up the 4 side. But now one man was daring to try the 5 route. He was Walter Bonatti, a great mountain climber from Italy.

4. A. western B. eastern C. southern D. northern (关键词but和上文southern 选择D)

5. A. difficult B. different C. same D. easy (A,第二个but后的一句话表明北线更难)

⑶解题认识：根据上下文进行逻辑判断属于较难的考点，考生务必要善于抓住上下文的关键信息点，以及表达对等、对比关系的连接词和短语。从意群的角度做出判断，切忌做单句理解和判断。

4. 语境性完形

⑴定义：审题和解题时需要通篇考虑，整体理解。要有整体意识，把握文章主旨、情节发展和作者思路。

⑵例题分析：Dear Laura, I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program. You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world. Well, I’m here to give you 36

I wanted to do something very 37 for my fifteen-year-old son, who has always been the prefect child. He 38 all the summer to earn enough money to buy a sued motorcycle. Then, he spent hours and hours on it until it looked almost new. I was so 39 of him that I bought him the shiniest helmet and a riding outfit.

I could 40 wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before. Upon awakening, I went to the kitchen to start the coffee, tea, and morning goodies. In the living room was a beautiful keyboard with a 41 : “To my wonderful mother, all my love, your son.”

36. A. hope B. advice C. support D. courage (A)

37. A. polite B. similar C. special D. private (C)

38. A. played B. studied C. traveled D. worked (D)

39. A. sure B. fond C. proud D. confident (C)

40. A. perhaps B. really C. almost D. hardly （D）

41. A. note B. notice C. word D. sign (A)

⑶解题认识：在解语境题型时，要善于通过抓主题句或者归纳主旨把握整个篇章的语境，以判断作者的写作目的、态度以及思想情感，以此为主线把握情节的发展；同时解题过程中要兼顾到上下文逻辑关系。

5.利用文化背景和文化常识进行推断类题型

⑴定义：语言是文化的载体，考查语言运用能力的同时，有时需要考生运用所应该掌握的个一些文化背景和文化常识协助解题。

⑵例题分析：例1. Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the papers to 30 .

30. A. check B. read C. keep D. sign (B )

例2.. English is spoken as 9 language by nearly three hundred million people: in the United States, Britain, Australia, Canada and South Africa. As a second language, English is often used for 10 business, education, information and other activities in a great many countries such as India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Singapore, and Philippines.

9. A. the first B. an official C. a native D. a state (C)

10. A. some B. all C. private D. official (D)

⑶解题认识：需要利用文化背景和常识进行判断的题型通常是作为一个英语学习者应该而且能够掌握的，难度不是很大，但是也需要考生在日常的学习和阅读中加强积累，增强学习的乐趣。

综合试题的解析：

No man can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we 1 correctly the signs around us we 2 what the more changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like the following day or two is called weather forecasting. For many centuries and in all countries people have 3 the weather and tried to 4 weather forecasting.

1. A. see B. look C. read D. take (动词词义辨析，read the sign搭配)

2. A. tell B. speak C. talk D. point （只有A才是vt，）

3. A. studied B. learned C. searched D. researched (只有AD有研究的意思，但D是vi。)

4. A. do B. take C. make D. get （固定搭配make weather forecasting）

Sometimes 5 objects such as hills and tall trees seem to be very clear and near. This is a 6 of much water vapor in the 7 and therefore rain will probably come. Rings round the sun are a sign of coming rain. Many people feel in their 8 the coming of wet weather. Their joints（骨头节）ache. Some birds fly 9 as fine weather is coming but they fly near the ground if 10 or stormy weather is 11 the way.

5. A. small B. away C. near D. distant ( D)

6. A. sight B. sign C. mark D. shape (B是迹象、征兆)

7. A. air B. sky C. heaven D. earth (in the air在空气中，B在天空中，C 在天堂on earth)

8. A. legs B. arms C. skins D. bones (D,)

9. A. high B. highly C. low D. quickly （HIGH）

10. A. wet B. dry C. rainy D. sunny (or表RAINY)

11. A. by B. in C. for D. on (on the way 在途中)

It is probably because of the insects (昆虫) which they are hunting 12 they fly 13 . If you see a rainbow during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such

14 always come in the evening. If the stars 15 clearly at night, then fair weather will 16 .

12. A. that B. which C. where D. when (强调句)

13. A. high B. low C. fast D. slow (B.逻辑推断题，fly low 与fly near the ground相对应。)

14. A. as B. rainbows C. weather D. day （B.名词词义辨析，如选C，则come应为comes。）

15. A. twinkle B. appear C. bright D. seem (A.动词词义辨析，)

16. A. begin B. stop C. continue D. be (C.语境推理及常识，)

If a fog appears in the morning just about sunrise, then the day will be warm. Instead, if a fog appears in the evening the next day will be wet 17 . If the sunset is mostly red in 18 , then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. Most of the 19 sayings have been made by people who have used their 20 and brains to make weather forecasting.

17. A. day B. weather C. hour D. time (B.语境推理和常识)

18. A. edge B. surface C. centre D. color (D。同上)

19. A. above B. below C. important D. interesting （A. 根据上下文逻辑推断）

20. A. bodies B. hands C. eyes D. legs （C。名词词义辨析，）

例2. 语境篇和词义辨析篇

One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I 36 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction,

37 he knew me. The man had a newspaper 38 in front of him, which he was 39 to read, but

I could 40 that he was keeping an eye on me.

36. A. knew B. understood C. noticed D. recognized (C。动词词义辨析)

37. A. since B. even if C. though D. as if （D. 语境和关联词辨析）

38. A. flat B. open C. cut D. fixed (B.语境和形容词辨析)

39. A. hoping B. thinking C. pretending D. continuing (C. 语境及动词词义辨析)

40. A. see B. find C. guess D. learn ( A，明白，看得出。语境逻辑和动词辨析)

When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other. He seemed even more puzzled as 44 went on and it became 45 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and went into the 46 . When he came out, he paid his bill and 47 without another glance in my direction.

41. A. menu B. bill C. paper D. food (D. 上下文逻辑推理)

42. A. direct B. familiar C. strange D. funny (B, all the waiters到knew me是提示)

43. A. chatted with B. looked at C. laughed at D. talked about （A. 语境及动词辨析）

44. A. the waiter B. time C. I D. subject (B 语境及固定搭配)

45. A. B. C. D. (语境及习惯表达，clear与puzzled相对应)

46. A. restaurant B. washroom C. office D. kitchen （D. 上下文逻辑推理）

47. A. left B. acted C. sat down D. calmed down ( A. 语境逻辑)

I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 48 .”well” he said, “that man was

a detective(侦探). He 49 you here because he thought you were the man he 50 .”“What?” I said, showing my 51 . The owner continued, “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man.”

48. A. wanted B. tried C. ordered D. wished (A. 语境逻辑及动词辨析)

49. A. met B. caught C. followed D. discovered (C. 同上)

50. A. was to beat B. was dealing with C. was to meet D. was looking for (D.语境及短语辨析)

51. A. care B. surprise C. worry D. regret (B. 语境逻辑及what表明吃惊)

I 52 say he looked very much like you! Of course, since we know you, we told him that he had made a

53 .”“Well, it’s really 54 I came to restaurant where I’m known,”I said, “55 , I might have been in trouble.”

52. A. must B. can C. need D. may (A. 情态动词在特定语境中应用)

53. A. discovery B. mistake C. decision D. fortune (B.语境理解及词义搭配和名词习惯搭配)

54. A. a pity B. natural C. a chance D. lucky (D. 上下文逻辑推断)

55. A. Thus B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore (C. 语境逻辑及副词辨析lucky与in trouble对比)

综合篇

The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.

Thomas Macaulay.

Some thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs. Nanette O’Neill gave an arithmetic 1 to our class. When the papers were 2 she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes through the test.

1. A. test B. problem C. paper D. lesson (A。下文paper及后文through the test)

2. A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered （C. 动词辨析A是检查，B是完成）

There is nothing really new about 3 in exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs. O’Neill didn’t even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to 4 after class. I was one of the twelve.

3. A. lying B. cheating C. guessing D. discussing (B. 上下文逻辑推断及动词辨析)

4. A. come B. leave C. remain D. apologize (C. 被留下来，同上)

Mrs. O’Neill asked 5 questions, and she didn’t 6 us either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the 7 words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to 8 these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.

5. A. no B. certain C. many D. more (A。上下文逻辑判断，下文either)

6. A. excuse B. reject(拒绝、排斥) C. help D. scold (D. 同5)

7. A. above B. common C. following D. unusual （A。语境判断）

8. A. repeat B. get C. put D. copy (D. 动词辨析)

I don’t 9 about the other eleven boys. Speaking for 10 I can say: it was the most important single

11 of my life. Thirty years after being 12 to Macaulay’s words, they 13 seem to me the best yardstick(准绳)，because they give us a criterion(准则) to measure ourselves rather others.

9. A. worry B. know C. hear D. talk （B. 动词辨析）

10. A. myself B. ourselves C. themselves D. herself （A. 常用语）

11. A. chance B. incident C. lesson D. memory (C. 语境及动词辨析)

12. A. referred B. shown C. brought D. introduced (D. 同11)

13. A. even B. still C. always D. almost (B。语境及上下文判断)

14 0f us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called 15 daily to make a great many personal decisions. 16 the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket 17 turned over to the policeman? Should the 18 change received at the store be forgotten or 19 ？Nobody will know except you. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always 20 to live with someone you respect.

14. A. All B. Few C. Some D. None (B. 上下文判断)

15. A. out B. for C. up D. upon (D。动词辨析A是大声叫唤，D是号召，要求C是需要，提倡)

16. A. Should B. Must C. Would D. Need （A.情态动词及上下文逻辑推断）

17. A. and B. or C. then D. but (B。上下文语义判断)

18. A. extra B. small C. some D. necessary （A。形容词辨析，多找的钱）

19. A. paid B. remembered C. shared D. returned （D。上下文语义判断）

20. A. easier B. more natural C. better D. more peaceful (C. 抽象，语境题, 符合主旨)

通过这个讲座，希望大家对高考完形填空的命题特点，能力考查角度以及备考策略有一个新的认识，希望大家在做大量练习之前，多做些研究和思考，做到有的放失，既提高做题效率，也可以把自己的语言能力提高一个水准。希望大家积极有效备考，在完形填空上有所突破，取得好成绩。