气候变化在极地的显现 英文

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天气类的英语单词大全

天气类的英语单词大全

天气类的英语单词大全天气是日常生活中的一个重要方面。

了解天气类的英语单词可以帮助我们更好地描述和讨论天气情况。

下面是一个天气类的英语单词大全,希望对大家学习英语和交流天气情况有所帮助。

1. Weather(天气)- the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time and place.2. Climate(气候)- the average weather conditions in a particular area over a long period of time.3. Temperature(温度)- the degree of hotness or coldness of the air.4. Thermometer(温度计)- an instrument used for measuring temperature.5. Celsius(摄氏度)- a temperature scale where water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.6. Fahrenheit(华氏度)- a temperature scale where water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees.7. Humidity(湿度)- the amount of moisture or water vapor present in the air.8. Dew(露水)- tiny drops of water that form on cool surfaces during the night when the temperature drops.9. Fog(雾)- a thick cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in the air near the ground, causing reduced visibility.10. Mist(薄雾)- a thin layer of water droplets in the air that reduce visibility but less dense than fog.11. Haze(阴霾)- reduced visibility in the air due to the presence of fine dust, smoke, or other particles.12. Cloud(云)- a visible mass of water droplets or ice crystals that float in the atmosphere.13. Rain(雨)- water droplets falling from the clouds in the form of liquid.14. Drizzle(毛毛雨)- light rain consisting of tiny droplets that fall very slowly.15. Shower(阵雨)- a short period of rain that is heavy and intense.16. Snow(雪)- frozen water vapor that falls from the clouds in the form of white crystals.17. Hail(冰雹)- balls or lumps of ice that fall from the sky during a thunderstorm.18. Sleet(雨夹雪)- a mixture of rain and snow that falls from the clouds.19. Thunderstorm(雷暴)- a storm with thunder, lightning, and heavy rain.20. Lightning(闪电)- a sudden flash of light caused by the discharge of electricity between clouds or between a cloud and the ground.21. Rainbow(彩虹)- a circular arc of colors that appears in the sky after rain when the sunlight is refracted, reflected, and dispersed.22. Wind(风)- the natural movement of air caused by differences in temperature and pressure.23. Breeze(微风)- a light and gentle wind.24. Gale(大风)- a very strong wind.25. Hurricane(飓风)- a large and powerful storm with heavy rain and strong winds.26. Tornado(龙卷风)- a violent and destructive rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud.27. Storm(暴风雨)- a violent disturbance of the atmosphere with strong winds, thunder, lightning, and usually heavy rain.28. Sunny(晴朗的)- having a lot of sunlight and no clouds in the sky.29. Cloudy(多云的)- covered with clouds, not sunny.30. Partly cloudy(局部多云的)- with some clouds, but also with intervals of sunshine.31. Clear(晴空的)- free from clouds or haze, with a bright sky.32. Overcast(阴天的)- covered with clouds, no sunshine visible.33. Foggy(有雾的)- with thick fog, reduced visibility.34. Rainy(多雨的)- having or characterized by rain.35. Snowy(下雪的)- having or characterized by snowfall.36. Thunderous(有雷的)- accompanied by thunder.37. Windy(有风的)- characterized by or exposed to strong winds.38. Dry(干燥的)- lacking moisture or humidity.39. Wet(湿的)- covered or saturated with water or another liquid.40. Moist(潮湿的)- slightly wet, damp.41. Cold(冷的)- having a low temperature.42. Cool(凉爽的)- moderately cold, not warm.43. Warm(温暖的)- having a moderately high temperature.44. Hot(炎热的)- having a high temperature.45. Freezing(严寒的)- extremely cold, below the freezing point of water.46. Boiling(炎热的)- extremely hot, near the boiling point of water.47. Pleasant(宜人的)- enjoyable, agreeable, nice.48. Unpleasant(不宜人的)- not enjoyable, disagreeable, uncomfortable.49. Changeable(多变的)- likely to change or vary, not stable.50. Stable(稳定的)- not likely to change, firmly established.以上是一个天气类的英语单词大全,涵盖了与天气相关的各种词汇。

气候变化词汇

气候变化词汇

气候变化climate change减缓和适应气候变化to mitigate and adapt to climate change全球变暖global warming脆弱性评估vulnerability assessment累积碳排放cumulative carbon emissions世界的主要碳排放国the world's major carbon-emitting nations排放大国major emitters人均碳排放最多的国家the biggest carbon emitter per person减排要求emissions-cutting requirements气候变化的不确定性the uncertainty surrounding climate change高碳行业carbon-intensive industries高碳能演carbon-intensive energy sources 碳汇carbon sink 定义1:一个碳贮库,它接收来自其他碳贮库的碳,因此贮量随时间增定义2:有机碳吸收超出释放的系统或区域。

如大气、海洋等碳库Carbon reservoir在碳循环过程中,地球系统各个所存储碳的部分Carbon footprint 碳足迹“碳足迹”来源于一个英语单词“CarbonFootprint”,是指一个人的能源意识和行为对自然界产生的影响,简单的讲就是指个人或企业“碳耗用量”。

同时他还是由企业机构、活动、产品或个人引起的温室气体排放的集合。

CCS 碳捕获和储存[包括捕集运输和封存] carbon capture碳捕获低碳技术low-carbon technology无碳能源carbon-free energy汽车碳排放automotive carbon emissions零排放电力来源zero-emission power sources森林碳汇forest carbon sink推卸其应该履行的对发展中国家的义务to shirk responsibilities thatshould be assumed towards developing countries永久冻土层正在融化the permafrost is melting冰川glacier冰河世纪the Ice Age冰盖ice sheet冰帽ice cap冰核ice core六氟化硫sulphur hexafluride绝对减排量absolute cuts in emissions极地冰帽融化提高海平面melting polar ice caps raise ocean levels碳减排项目carbon-abatement projects哥本哈根气候变化峰会the Copenhagen Summit on Climate Change非碳能源non-carbon energy sources鉴于气候的复杂性given the climate's complexity可测量、可报告、可核实measurable, reportable and verifiable 三可MRV有约束力的量化指标binding quantitative targets额外性additionality海冰融化melting sea ice北极冻原the Arctic tundra温室气体排放的最大来源是发电the biggest source of greenhouse-gas emissions is electricity generation减少发电的排放to cut emissions from electricity production气候灾难 a climate disaster吸热气体heat-trapping gases甲烷methane毁林占全球排放的20% deforestation accounts for 20% of global emissions单位GDP的排放量emissions per unit of GDP确定碳强度的指标to set a carbon intensity target碳强度carbon intensity碳强度是指单位GDP的二氧化碳排放量清洁发展机制the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)历史排放historic emissions当前排放current emissions全球碳排放global carbon emissions巴厘路线图the Bali Roadmap作为2007年联合国气候大会最重要的决议,“巴厘路线图”(Bali Roadmap)确定了世界各国今后加强落实《联合国气候变化框架公约《京都议定书》的后续协议 a successor to the Kyoto Protocol缔约方COP[conference of parties]1993年《联合国气候变化框架公约》the 1993 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)泥炭地peat lands化石燃料的燃烧释放温室气体the burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases国际气候变化谈判international climate change negotiations将二氧化碳深埋地下to bury carbon dioxide deep underground实现经济的去碳化to decarbonise the economy一氧化二碳nitrous oxide一个原则 common but differentiated responsibilities共同但有区别的原则一个机构IPCC[Iintergovernmental panel on climate change] 政府间气候变化小组两个协议Kyotol Protocol京都议定书UNCFCC[united Nations Framework on climate change]联合国气候变化框架条约两大方法mitigation and adaptation三大机制carbon pricing碳标价emission trading CDM[clean development mechanism]清洁发展机制。

气候变暖问题英文作文

气候变暖问题英文作文

气候变暖问题英文作文英文:Climate change is a pressing issue that we are facing today. The rise in global temperatures has led to a number of environmental challenges, including extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and the loss of biodiversity. These changes have a significant impact on our daily lives, and it is important for us to take action to address this issue.One of the most visible effects of climate change is the increase in extreme weather events. In recent years, we have seen an increase in the frequency and intensity of hurricanes, typhoons, and heatwaves. These events not only pose a threat to human lives, but also cause damage to infrastructure and agriculture. For example, the recent wildfires in California have destroyed thousands of homes and displaced many residents. These extreme weather events are a clear indication of the impact of climate change onour planet.Another consequence of climate change is the rising sea levels. As global temperatures rise, polar ice caps and glaciers are melting at an accelerated rate, causing sea levels to rise. This has led to the displacement of coastal communities and the loss of valuable land. In some low-lying areas, such as the Maldives and parts of Bangladesh, entire communities are at risk of being submerged by rising sea levels. This not only affects the livelihoods of these communities, but also poses a threat to their cultural heritage.Furthermore, climate change has also resulted in the loss of biodiversity. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns have disrupted ecosystems, leading to the extinction of certain species and the decline of others. For example, coral reefs, which are home to a diverse range of marine life, are under threat due to ocean acidification and rising sea temperatures. The loss of biodiversity not only affects the natural balance of ecosystems, but also has economic and social implications.中文:气候变暖是我们今天面临的一个紧迫问题。

关于全球气候变暖地英语词汇

关于全球气候变暖地英语词汇

关于全球气候变暖的英语词汇absorption n. 吸收accelerated adj. 加速的advancement n. 前进,进步afflict vt. 使痛苦,折磨agriculture n. 农业air pollutant 空气污染物alter v. 改变Antarctic adj. 南极的,南极地带的Antarctica n. 南极洲atmosphere n. 大气,空气atmospheric adj. 大气的atmospheric concentrations ofcarbon dioxide 大气中的二氧化碳浓度atmospheric temperatures 大气温度attributableadj. 可归于 ... 的benign adj. ( 病) 良性的, ( 气候) 良好的biosphere n. 生物圈blizzard n. 大风雪breakthrough n. 突破buildup n. 组合,形成burning of fossil fuels 燃烧燃料byproduct 副产品carbon dioxide emissions 二氧化碳的排放carbon monoxide n.[ 化] 一氧化碳catastrophic adj. 悲惨的,灾难的chemical composition of the atmosphere 大气层的化学成分cholera n.[ 医] 霍乱circulation n. 循环climate zones 气候区climaticadj. 气候上的colorless adj. 无色的combustion n. 燃烧complexity n. 复杂的事情,复杂性composition n. 成分,合成物compound n. 混合物, [ 化] 化合物concentration n. 集中,浓度conserve vt.保存crack n. 裂缝cropland n. 农田cyclone n. 飓风,龙卷风, [ 气] 气旋deadly adj. 致命的 decompositon n. 分解,腐烂deforestation n. 采伐森林,森林开伐deluge n. 洪水,豪雨; v. 使泛滥descendant n. 子孙后代desert n. 沙漠; adj. 沙漠的,不毛的,荒凉的desertification n. 沙漠化deteriorate v. ( 使) 恶化detrimental adj. 有害的devastate vt. 毁坏devastating adj. 破坏性的dike n. 堤防disaster n. 灾难,灾祸displace vt. 移置,取代,转移disrupt v. 使陷入混乱,破坏drought n. 干旱ecological damage 生态破坏ecosystem n. 生态系统emit vt. 发出,散发energy consumption 能源消耗environmental awareness 环境 ( 保护 )意识epidemic adj. 流行的,传染的;n. 时疫erode vt. 侵蚀,腐蚀; vi. 受腐蚀,逐渐消蚀掉evaporation n. 蒸发(作用) extreme adj.极端的; n. 极端的事物 Fahrenheit adj.华氏温度计的; n. 华氏温度计fatal respiratory illness 致命的呼吸道疾病fertile adj. 肥沃的,富饶的filter n. 滤波器; vt. 过滤,渗透fluctuation n. 波动,起伏forest destruction 森林破坏1forest n. 森林frequency n. 频率,发生次数gas emission 气体排放geological data 地质资料geology n. 地质学,地质概况glacier n. 冰河global warming 全球变暖grassland n. 牧草地,草原greed n. 贪欲,贪婪greenery n. 温室,草木正Global warming is one of the mostserious environmental issues that weface today.Scientific assessmentsindicate that if the human-createdgreenhouse gas emissions are leftunchecked,the excessive warming is very likely to distort climatepatterns and cause significant impacts on both natural and human systems.As the two largest emitters of greenhouse gasesin today's world, both United Statesand China face great challenges ofglobalwarming and climate ing quantitative data from multiple sources including surveys,newspapers,and government documents,this studyexamines major dimensions,concerns and policy developments surrounding theissueof global warming and climate change in the United States and China.Implicationsof the study are discussed in theconclusion.月30 日消息,随着全球气候变暖的危机越来越明显,而各国环保投资缺口明显的问题,联合国最近提出应对气候变化融资的提议。

global phenomenon英文解释

global phenomenon英文解释

"Global phenomenon" 是一个英文短语,用来描述一个在全球范围内普遍存在或广泛发生的现象或事件。

它通常用于指代在不同国家、地区或文化中都可以观察到的重要、突出的现象。

这个短语强调了一个现象的普遍性和广泛性,以及它对全球范围内各个社会、经济或文化方面产生的影响。

这种现象可以是自然现象、社会现象、文化现象或其他各种类型的事件或情况。

举例来说,"climate change is a global phenomenon"(气候变化是一个全球现象),强调了气候变化不仅在一个特定地区或国家发生,而是在全球范围内都有影响。

"Global phenomenon" 这个短语也常常用于描述在全球范围内引起广泛关注或讨论的流行文化现象、社会趋势或其他重要事件。

这些可以包括全球性的流行音乐、时尚趋势、社交媒体挑战、全球化的商业趋势等。

"Global phenomenon" 用于描述在全球范围内具有普遍性和重要性的现象,包括但不限于以下领域:1.自然现象:全球性的自然灾害如地震、海啸、台风等,以及气候变化、全球变暖等全球性气候事件。

2.社会文化现象:全球范围内的社会文化趋势,如全球化带来的文化交流、国际间的文化融合,以及全球性的文化活动、节日等。

3.经济现象:全球性的经济趋势和事件,如全球金融危机、国际贸易形势变化、全球市场的趋势等。

4.科技进步:全球性的科技革新、科学发现和技术突破,如互联网的普及、人工智能的发展、太空探索等。

5.流行文化:全球性的流行文化现象,如流行音乐、流行电影、流行电视剧、社交媒体挑战、流行时尚等。

"Global phenomenon" 一词强调了一个现象在全球范围内的重要性和普遍性,它是跨越地域和文化的,影响着全球各个方面的生活和发展。

这个短语通常用于描述对全球社会、经济和文化产生重大影响的事件、趋势或现象。

气候变化专业中英词汇对照

气候变化专业中英词汇对照

气候变化 climate change减缓和适应气候变化 to mitigate and adapt to climate change全球变暖 global warming脆弱性评估 vulnerability assessment累积碳排放 cumulative carbon emissions世界的主要碳排放国 the world's major carbon-emitting nations排放大国 major emitters人均碳排放最多的国家 the biggest carbon emitter per person减排要求 emissions-cutting requirements气候变化的不确定性 the uncertainty surrounding climate change高碳行业 carbon-intensive industries高碳能演 carbon-intensive energy sources低碳技术 low-carbon technology无碳能源 carbon-free energy汽车碳排放 automotive carbon emissions零排放电力来源 zero-emission power sources森林碳汇 forest carbon sink推卸其应该履行的对发展中国家的义务 to shirk responsibilities that should be assumed towards developing countries永久冻土层正在融化 the permafrost is melting冰川 glacier冰河世纪 the Ice Age冰盖 ice sheet冰帽 ice cap冰核 ice core六氟化硫 sulphur hexafluride绝对减排量 absolute cuts in emissions极地冰帽融化提高海平面 melting polar ice caps raise ocean levels碳减排项目 carbon-abatement projects哥本哈根气候变化峰会 the Copenhagen Summit on Climate Change非碳能源 non-carbon energy sources鉴于气候的复杂性 given the climate's complexity可测量、可报告、可核实 measurable, reportable and verifiable三可 MRV有约束力的量化指标 binding quantitative targets额外性 additionality海冰融化 melting sea ice北极冻原 the Arctic tundra温室气体排放的最大来源是发电 the biggest source of greenhouse-gas emissions is electricity generation减少发电的排放 to cut emissions from electricity production气候灾难 a climate disaster吸热气体 heat-trapping gases甲烷 methane毁林占全球排放的20% deforestation accounts for 20% of global emissions单位GDP的排放量 emissions per unit of GDP确定碳强度的指标 to set a carbon intensity target碳强度 carbon intensity清洁发展机制 the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)历史排放 historic emissions当前排放 current emissions全球碳排放 global carbon emissions巴厘路线图 the Bali Roadmap共同但有区别的责任 common but differentiated responsibilites《京都议定书》 the Kyoto Protocol《京都议定书》的后续协议 a successor to the Kyoto Protocol1993年《联合国气候变化框架公约》 the 1993 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会 the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)泥炭地 peat lands化石燃料的燃烧释放温室气体 the burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases国际气候变化谈判 international climate change negotiations将二氧化碳深埋地下 to bury carbon dioxide deep underground实现经济的去碳化 to decarbonise the economy一氧化二碳 nitrous oxide。

南极气候的英语

南极气候的英语

南极气候的英语The Antarctic ClimateThe Antarctic continent, situated at the southernmost point of the Earth, is a vast and inhospitable region that has captivated the imagination of explorers, scientists, and adventurers alike. With its extreme temperatures, relentless winds, and vast expanses of ice, the Antarctic climate is a unique and fascinating phenomenon that has a profound impact on the global ecosystem.At the heart of the Antarctic climate is the continent's geography. Surrounded by the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic landmass is isolated from the rest of the world, creating a unique set of atmospheric and oceanic conditions that shape the region's weather patterns. The continent's high elevation, with an average height of over 2,000 meters above sea level, contributes to its extreme temperatures, which can plummet to well below freezing even during the summer months.One of the most defining features of the Antarctic climate is its extreme cold. The continent is home to the coldest temperatures ever recorded on Earth, with the lowest temperature reaching astaggering -129°C (-200°F) at Vostok Station in 1983. This bitterly cold climate is the result of several factors, including the continent's high latitude, its high elevation, and the presence of a thick layer of ice that reflects much of the sun's energy back into space.The Antarctic climate is also characterized by strong, persistent winds that can reach speeds of over 300 kilometers per hour (200 miles per hour). These winds, known as katabatic winds, are created by the dense, cold air that flows down from the continent's interior towards the coast, creating a powerful and relentless force that shapes the region's weather patterns.Despite the extreme cold and wind, the Antarctic climate is not entirely devoid of precipitation. The continent does experience snowfall, although the amount varies greatly depending on location. The coastal regions of the continent tend to receive more snowfall, while the interior can be extremely dry and arid. The snow that does fall in the Antarctic can take on a variety of forms, from delicate snowflakes to hard, icy pellets known as sastrugi.The Antarctic climate has a profound impact on the region's ecosystems and the global climate as a whole. The continent's vast ice sheets, which cover over 98% of the landmass, play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's temperature and sea levels. As the planet's climate continues to change, the fate of the Antarctic ice sheets hasbecome a major concern, with scientists closely monitoring their behavior and the potential for accelerated melting.In addition to its impact on the global climate, the Antarctic climate also shapes the region's unique and diverse ecosystem. The continent is home to a variety of plant and animal life, including penguins, seals, and a variety of marine organisms that have adapted to the harsh conditions of the Antarctic environment. These species have evolved unique strategies for survival, such as the ability to regulate their body temperature and conserve energy in the face of the extreme cold and limited food resources.Despite the challenges posed by the Antarctic climate, the region has long been a draw for explorers, scientists, and adventurers seeking to unravel the mysteries of this extraordinary place. From the early expeditions of the 19th and 20th centuries to the cutting-edge scientific research being conducted today, the Antarctic continent continues to captivate and inspire those who are drawn to its unique and fascinating climate.In conclusion, the Antarctic climate is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has a profound impact on the global ecosystem and the lives of those who venture into this remote and inhospitable region. From its extreme temperatures and persistent winds to its role in regulating the Earth's climate, the Antarctic climate is atestament to the power and resilience of the natural world, and a constant source of fascination and wonder for those who seek to understand it.。

全球变暖北极冰川融化英语作文

全球变暖北极冰川融化英语作文

全球变暖北极冰川融化英语作文Possible English version:Global warming is causing the melting of Arctic glaciers at an alarming rate. This has significant implications for the environment, wildlife, and human activities in theArctic region, as well as for global climate and sea level rise.Q: Why are Arctic glaciers melting?A: Arctic glaciers are melting primarily because ofrising temperatures caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly from human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. This leads to a positive feedback loop of warming and melting, as less ice reflects more sunlight and absorbs more heat, further increasing the temperature and melting.Q: What are the consequences of Arctic glacier melting?A: The consequences of Arctic glacier melting are manifold. Firstly, it affects the habitat and survival of various species that depend on the ice, such as polar bears,seals, walruses, and whales. As the ice retreats, these animals have to travel longer distances to find food, mate, and rest, which can lead to population decline or migration. Secondly, it alters the physical and chemical properties of the Arctic Ocean, such as salinity, temperature, and circulation, which can affect the marine ecosystem and the global oceanic currents. Thirdly, it impacts humanactivities in the Arctic, such as shipping, fishing, and resource extraction, by opening up new routes and opportunities but also increasing risks and conflicts. Fourthly, it contributes to global climate change by releasing stored carbon and methane from the permafrost and the ocean floor, and by reducing the albedo (reflectivity)of the planet, which can amplify the warming and the feedback loop. Finally, it raises sea levels by adding more water to the ocean, which can inundate coastal areas and threaten infrastructure, economy, and public health worldwide.Q: What can we do to mitigate or adapt to Arctic glacier melting?A: There are several things we can do to address the issue of Arctic glacier melting. Firstly, we can reduce our greenhouse gas emissions by adopting cleaner and more efficient technologies, promoting renewable energy, conserving energy, and changing our lifestyle and consumption patterns. This can slow down the rate of warming and melting, and give more time for adaptation. Secondly, we can enhance our understanding and monitoring of the Arctic environment and its changes, by investing in research, observation, and data sharing, and by involving local communities and indigenous knowledge. This can help us anticipate and respond to the impacts of melting, and avoid unintended consequences. Thirdly, we can cooperate internationally and regionally to manage the risks and opportunities of Arctic development, by establishing governance frameworks, regulations, and standards, and by fostering dialogue, collaboration, and mutual respect. This can ensure that the benefits of melting are shared fairly and sustainably, and that the risks are minimized and managed. Fourthly, we can support the adaptation and resilience of Arctic and non-Arctic communities and ecosystems, by providing resources, knowledge, and capacitybuilding, and by respecting their rights, values, and cultures. This can enhance the adaptive capacity and diversity of human and natural systems, and ensure that no one is left behind. Finally, we can raise awareness and engage the public, the media, and the decision-makers, by communicating the urgency, the complexity, and the opportunities of Arctic glacier melting, and by promoting a sense of responsibility, creativity, and hope. This can mobilize the collective action and innovation needed to address one of the most pressing challenges of our time.全球变暖导致北极冰川融化的速度惊人。

关于地理及气候的英语

关于地理及气候的英语

七大洲的英语是?亚洲Asia非洲Africa欧洲Europe北美洲North America南美洲South America大洋洲Oceania南极洲Antarctica四大洋的英语是?太平洋Pacific Ocean大西洋Atlantic Ocean北冰洋Arctic Ocean印度洋India Ocean海洋极大程度影响着地球的天气露dew轻雾mist雾fog雾凇rime霜frost彩虹rainbow闪电lightning雨rain冻雨freezing rain雨夹雪sleet毛毛雨drizzle小雨light rain中雨moderate rain大雨heavy rain甘霖welcome rain滂沱大雨downpour微风breeze无风calm轻风light breeze信风trade wind微风gentle breeze和风moderate breeze逆风headwind台风typhoon清风fresh breeze强风strong breeze暴风violent storm飓风hurricane台风typhoon龙卷风tornado疾风gusty wind顺风favorable wind天气变化会形成气候变化,地球有些什么气候呢?山地气候mountain climate冬季季风气候winter monsoon climate季风气候monsoon climate亚热带气候sub-tropical climate高原气候plateau climate海滨气候littoral climate极地气候polar climate热带气候tropical climate温带沙漠气候temperate desert climate温带干燥气候temperate arid climate热带季风气候tropical monsson climate大陆气候continental climate沙漠气候desert climate沿海气候coastal climate高地气候highland climate海洋气候marine climate森林气候forest climate温带气候temperate climate湿润气候humid climate温带草原气候temperate grassy climate热带雨林气候tropical rainy climate热带海洋气候tropical marine climate和风有关的谚语1、sail close to the wind冒险例句:If you believe what he said,you are sailing close to the wind.2、know which way the wind blows了解情况例句:He never tells his thoughts until he knows which way the wind blows.和云有关的谚语1、on cloud nine飘飘然如上九重例句:She passed the auditon and now she is on cloud nine.2、head in the cloud不切实际,好高骛远3、无比幸福的状态可以说成on cloud nine和雨有关的谚语1、Save for a rainy day未雨绸缪例句:We save money for a rainy day.2、It never rains but it pours不雨则以,一雨惊人。

全球气候变化英语词汇集锦

全球气候变化英语词汇集锦

全球气候变化英语词聚集锦全球气候变化英语词聚集锦全球瞩目的新一轮联合国气候变化大会,在丹麦首都哥本哈根举行。

下面是为大家带来的全球气候变化集锦,欢迎阅读。

山地气候 mountain climate冬季季风气候 winter monsoon climate季风气候 monsoon climate亚热带气候 sub-tropical climate高原气候 plateau climate海滨气候 littoral climate极地气候 polar climate热带气候 tropical climate温带沙漠气候 temperate desert climate温带枯燥气候 temperate arid climate热带季风气候 tropical monsson climate风的名称风级 wind scale龙卷风 tornado恒风 constant wind微风 breeze、gentle breeze逆风 headwind无风 calm轻风 light breeze信风 trade wind和风 moderate breeze清风 fresh breeze大风 gale强风 strong breeze浪的名称微波 rippled微浪 smooth wavelets 细浪 light seas热浪 heat wave小浪 moderate seas中浪 rough seas大浪 very rough seas 强浪 high seas狂浪 monster waves巨浪 very high seas气候变化大浪 very rough seas 冷峰 cold front顺风 favorable wind强浪 high seas低气压 low-pressure闷热天气 muggy weather 巨浪 very high seas雨量 rainfall雹 hail狂浪 monster waves东北风 northeaster雷 thunder东风 east wind滂沱大雨 downpour火山地震 volcanic earthquake 炎热 scorching heat暖锋 warm front海啸 tidal wave风眼 eye of a storm零度 zero山崩 landslide零度以下 subzero。

气候变化的 英语

气候变化的 英语

气候变化的英语Climate ChangeThe Earth's climate is constantly changing, a natural process that has been occurring for millions of years. However, in recent decades, the rate of climate change has accelerated at an unprecedented pace, primarily due to human activities. This phenomenon, known as global warming, has become one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time, with far-reaching consequences for both the natural world and human civilization.At the heart of the climate change crisis is the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere. These gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, trap heat from the sun, causing the planet's average temperature to rise. This temperature increase has a cascading effect on various climate patterns, leading to more extreme weather events, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and ice caps, and shifts in ecosystems.One of the primary drivers of climate change is the burning of fossil fuels for energy production, transportation, and industrial processes. The combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas releases vast amounts ofcarbon dioxide into the atmosphere, disrupting the natural balance of the carbon cycle. Additionally, deforestation and land-use changes, such as the conversion of forests to agricultural land, further contribute to the problem by reducing the planet's ability to absorb and store carbon dioxide.The consequences of climate change are already being felt around the world. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, heatwaves, droughts, and floods, have become more frequent and intense, causing widespread destruction, loss of life, and economic disruption. Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities, forcing the relocation of millions of people and the loss of valuable land and infrastructure. Moreover, the warming of the planet is leading to the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, which can have far-reaching effects on global water supplies, agricultural production, and the survival of numerous species.The impact of climate change is not limited to the physical environment; it also has significant social, economic, and political implications. Vulnerable communities, particularly in developing countries, are disproportionately affected, as they often lack the resources and infrastructure to adapt to the changing climate. Conflicts over scarce resources, such as water and arable land, can arise, leading to mass migration and social unrest.In response to the growing threat of climate change, governments, international organizations, and civil society have taken various measures to address the issue. The Paris Agreement, a global climate accord signed in 2015, aims to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. This agreement has been signed by nearly all countries in the world, and many have set ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources.At the individual level, there are numerous actions that people can take to help mitigate the effects of climate change. Reducing our carbon footprint by adopting energy-efficient practices, using public transportation or electric vehicles, and adopting a more sustainable lifestyle can all contribute to the collective effort. Supporting policies and initiatives that promote renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and forest conservation can also play a significant role in addressing the climate crisis.While the challenges posed by climate change are daunting, there is still hope. With a concerted global effort, a shift in mindsets, and a commitment to sustainable practices, we can work towards a future where the Earth's climate is stabilized, and the delicate balance of our planet is restored. The time to act is now, as the consequences of inaction will only become more severe with each passing year.。

关于气象的单词

关于气象的单词

资料1 关于气象的单词山地气候mountain climate冬季季风气候winter monsoon climate 季风气候monsoon climate高气压high-pressure锋面frontal edge亚热带气候sub-tropical climate气团air mass热浪heat wave高原气候plateau climate闪电lightning雾fog海滨气候littoral climate凉cool霜frost极地气候polar climate雪堆snowdrift露dew热带气候tropical climate寒冷chilly恒风constant wind微风breeze 逆风headwind台风typhoon无风calm轻风light信风trade wind微风gentle breeze温带沙漠气候temperate desert climate 温带干燥气候temperate arid climate 大雨heavy rain breeze热带季风气候tropical monsoon climate 大陆气候continental climate天气预报weather forecast和风moderate breeze沙漠气候desert climate甘霖welcome rain清风fresh breeze沿海气候coastal climate冰柱icicle强风strong breeze高地气候highland climate西北风northwester疾风near gale海洋气候marine climate地形雨local rains大风gale森林气候forest climate狂风squall烈风strong gale温带气候temperate climate雨季rainy season狂风storm湿润气候humid climate雨点raindrops暴风violent storm温带草原气候temperate grassy climate 东北信风northeast trades飓风hurricane热带雨林气候tropical rainy climate东南风southeaster台风typhoon热带海洋气候tropical marine climate 风级wind scale龙卷风tornado虹rainbow 间歇雨intermittent rain小雨light rain阵雨shower平静calm毛毛雨drizzle, fine rain疾风gusty wind微波rippled反常天气freakish weather 气旋cyclone微浪smooth wavelets北风north wind气压barometric pressure 细浪light seas冰ice阴天cloudy day小浪moderate seas冰点freezing point雪花snow flake中浪rough seas西南风southwester晴clear大浪very rough seas冷峰cold front顺风favorable wind强浪high seas低气压low-pressure闷热天气muggy weather 巨浪very high seas雨量rainfall雹hail狂浪monster waves东北风northeaster雷thunder东风east wind滂沱大雨downpour火山地震volcanic earthquake炎热scorching heat暖锋warm front海啸tidal wave风眼eye of a storm零度zero山崩landslide零度以下subzero资料2 描写天气的单词meteorology 气象学atmosphere 大气climate 气候elements 自然力量(风、雨)temperature 气温to be warm, to be hot 天气热to be cold 天气冷season 季节spring 春summer 夏autumn 秋(美语:fall)winter 冬frost 霜hail 冰雹snow 雪thunder雷wind 风mist 雾cloud 云haze 霾rain 雨downpour, shower暴雨storm, tempest 暴风雨lightning 闪电land wind 陆风hurricane 飓风cyclone 旋风typhoon 台风whirlwind 龙卷风gale 季节风gust of wind阵风breeze微风fog 浓雾dew 露水humidity潮湿freeze 冰冻snowflake雪花snowfall 降雪waterspout 水龙卷dead calm风平浪静Indian summer小阳春drought 干旱与天气有关的英语词汇大全meteorology 气象学atmosphere 大气element 自然力量observatory 气象台weather man 天气预报员frost 霜hail 冰雹snow 雪snowflake 雪花thunder 雷wind 风land wind 陆风mist 薄雾cloud 云haze 霾rain 雨rain cats and dogs 倾盆大雨rainfall 降雨rain check 因……而取消,延期rain or shine 风雨无阻It never rains but it pours. 不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。

全球变暖短语英语

全球变暖短语英语

全球变暖短语英语The Earth's climate is changing at an unprecedented rate, and the primary driver of this change is human activity. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes have all contributed to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the planet to warm. This phenomenon, known as global warming, is having far-reaching consequences that threaten the very fabric of life on our planet.One of the most significant impacts of global warming is the rise in sea levels. As the Earth's temperature increases, the ice caps and glaciers are melting at an alarming rate, causing the oceans to expand. This rise in sea level is already impacting coastal communities around the world, with some islands and low-lying regions facing the prospect of complete submersion in the coming decades. The displacement of millions of people and the loss of valuable land and infrastructure will have profound economic and social consequences.Another major consequence of global warming is the increasedfrequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Hurricanes, heatwaves, droughts, and wildfires are all becoming more common and more severe as the climate continues to change. These events can have devastating impacts on human life, infrastructure, and the natural environment. In recent years, we have witnessed the devastating effects of these extreme weather events, from the deadly wildfires in Australia to the catastrophic flooding in Pakistan.The impact of global warming on ecosystems and biodiversity is also a major concern. As the climate changes, many species are being forced to adapt or migrate to new habitats in order to survive. However, the pace of change is often too rapid for many species to keep up, leading to mass extinctions and the collapse of entire ecosystems. The loss of biodiversity not only has ecological consequences, but also has profound implications for human well-being, as many of the resources we rely on are dependent on a healthy and diverse natural environment.One of the most concerning aspects of global warming is the potential for feedback loops, where the effects of climate change amplify themselves and create a self-perpetuating cycle of warming. For example, as the Arctic ice melts, the reflective surface of the ice is replaced by the darker ocean, which absorbs more heat and causes further melting. This feedback loop can accelerate the rate of warming and make it increasingly difficult to reverse the effects ofclimate change.Despite the overwhelming scientific evidence of the reality and severity of global warming, there is still a significant amount of skepticism and denial surrounding the issue. Some individuals and organizations have spread misinformation and conspiracy theories in an effort to cast doubt on the scientific consensus. This has made it challenging to enact the necessary policies and actions to address the problem.Fortunately, there is a growing global movement to address the challenge of climate change. Governments, businesses, and individuals are all taking steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to more sustainable practices. Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are becoming increasingly affordable and accessible, and many countries are setting ambitious targets for reducing their carbon footprints.However, the scale and complexity of the problem means that more needs to be done. Significant investment in research and development, as well as widespread changes in individual and societal behavior, will be necessary to mitigate the worst effects of global warming. This will require a concerted effort on the part of all members of the global community, as we all have a vested interest in the future of our planet.In conclusion, global warming is a pressing and complex issue that requires immediate and sustained action. The consequences of inaction are dire, and the time to act is now. By working together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect and restore natural ecosystems, and adapt to the changing climate, we can ensure a more sustainable and resilient future for all.。

各类天气现象的英文

各类天气现象的英文

【原创】天气现象的英文表达Khubilai2008/10/1以下按照英文字母顺序介绍气象现象(meteorological phenomena)。

air mass(气团):含有水蒸汽(water vapour)的一定温度(temperature)的大量空气(a large volume of air),包括移动(movement)和锋面(front)。

anticyclone(反气旋):空气向下移动(descending),形成高压区(a high pressure area)。

arctic cyclone(极地气旋):也叫polar vortices(plural of vortex)或polar cyclone。

指大面积低压(low pressure),在冬天加强,而在夏天减弱。

clouds(云):指地球或其它行星大气(atmosphere above the surface of the Earth or other planetary body)中漂浮(floating)的一团可见的液滴(driplets)或冰晶(frozen crystals)。

它也可以是引力吸引的可见物质(a visible mass attracted by gravity),也叫星云(interstellar clouds/nebulae)。

云一般分为两大类:层状云(stratus/stratiform clouds)和积云(cumulus/cumuliform clouds)。

按照高度(altitude),这两类可以继续细分为四个组(group/family)。

高云(high clouds):包括卷云(cirrus clouds)、卷积云(cirrocumulus clouds)和卷层云(cirrostratus clouds)。

中云(middle clouds):包括高积云(altocumulus clouds)和高层云(alostratus clouds)。

全球变暖相关英语词汇

全球变暖相关英语词汇

全球变暖相关英语词汇Global Warming: A Looming Crisis.Global warming, often referred to as climate change, is a complex phenomenon that involves the gradual rise in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans. This rise is attributed to various anthropogenic (human-caused) factors, primarily the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen oxides. These gases trap heat within the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a warmer planet.Key Terms and Concepts:1. Greenhouse Effect: The natural process by which the Earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation, warming the planet's surface. However, with the addition of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, this effect is being exaggerated.2. Greenhouse Gases (GHGs): Gases that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range, thus trapping heat. Major GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and water vapor.3. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A colorless, odorless gas that is a by-product of combustion processes and industrial activities. It is the most abundant anthropogenic GHG.4. Methane (CH4): A colorless, odorless gas that is primarily emitted from landfills, ruminant animals, and natural gas production. It has a much stronger greenhouse effect than CO2.5. Nitrous Oxide (N2O): A colorless gas that is emitted primarily from agricultural activities and industrial processes. It has a greenhouse effect hundreds of times stronger than CO2.6. Kyoto Protocol: An international agreement aimed at limiting the emission of GHGs by developed countries. It entered into force in 2005.7. Paris Agreement: A successor to the Kyoto Protocol, adopted in 2015 by almost all countries. It aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industriallevels and pursue effo rts to limit it to 1.5°C.8. Renewable Energy: Energy sources that are continuously replenished, such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass. These sources emit far less GHGs than fossil fuels.9. Mitigation: Measures taken to reduce the emission of GHGs and thus slow down global warming. This includesenergy-efficient technologies, renewable energy sources,and carbon sequestration.10. Adaptation: Measures taken to adjust to thealready-occurring impacts of climate change, such asbuilding sea walls to protect against flooding, or planting drought-resistant crops.Impacts of Global Warming:Rising Sea Levels: Thermal expansion of the oceans and melting of polar ice caps lead to higher sea levels, threatening coastal cities and island nations.Extreme Weather Events: More frequent and intense hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and droughts.Biodiversity Loss: Changes in climate and habitat lead to the extinction of species, threatening the world's biodiversity.Food Security: Shifts in rainfall patterns and soil fertility can affect crop yields, leading to food scarcity in some regions.Health Impacts: Warmer temperatures can lead to the spread of diseases, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.Solutions and Strategies:Reducing GHG Emissions: Transitioning to renewableenergy sources, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable transportation options.Carbon Sequestration: Techniques such as reforestation, soil carbon management, and ocean sequestration to remove CO2 from the atmosphere.Policy and Regulations: Implementing carbon taxes,cap-and-trade systems, and other policies to encourage businesses and individuals to reduce their carbon footprint.Education and Awareness: Educating the public about climate change and its impacts, encouraging them to adopt sustainable practices.In conclusion, global warming is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a concerted effort fromall stakeholders to address. By understanding the key terms and concepts, the impacts of climate change, and the solutions available, we can take steps to mitigate its effects and adapt to its inevitable consequences.。

气候变化的英语翻译

气候变化的英语翻译

气候变化的英语翻译1、关于气候变化知识的英语翻译(最好是初,高中水平就能看懂的)Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average (e.g., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change may be limited to a specific region or may occur across the whole Earth.气候百变度化是从几十年到上百万年期间,气候模式的统计数据分布长期变化。

气候变化可能发生问于一般的气候条件下,也可能发生于该气候条件下的事件分布,(比如较多答或较少的专极端气候事件)。

气候变化也可能局限于特定的地区属,也可能发生在全球范围内。

2、一篇关于翻译全球气候变暖的英语短文、急全球变暖(The Global Warming)People around the world may feel that the climate has been getting steadily warmer and warmer in recent years. Places which used to be abundant in snowfall have frequently experienced snowfree(无雪的) winters. Drought lasts longer in some dry areas. People find that without air conditioners they could hardly work or fall asleep on hotter summer daysg. The side effects of global warming are alarminS. A warmer global climate melts the ice caps, raising sea levels. What is more, it disturbs weather patterns, causing droughts, severe storms, hurricanes (飓风). People suffer a lot from disasters relevant to global warming.To stop global warming we should make immediate and continual efforts. We hope the situation will soon change. Global warming catches and holds our concern, for it affects us and will affect our later generations. We cannot wait any longer. Do it. Do it right. Do it right now.3、“应对气候变化”用英语怎么说?cope with weather changes4、气候变化大会用英文怎么说Climate Change Summit在泰晤士报网站上看到的5、关注气候变化用英语怎么说关注气候变化Pay attention to climate change关注气候变化Pay attention to climate change6、全球气候变暖怎么翻译成英文?global warming全球变暖7、全球气候变化的英文怎么说?8、全球气候变暖用英文怎么说?global warming 或者green house effect 温室效应,又译全球气候变暖The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, forexample) trap energy from the sun. Without these gases, heat would escape back into space and Earth’s average temperature would be about 60ºF colder. Because of how they warm our world, these gases are referred to as greenhouse gases.Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouseslook like a small glass house. Greenhouses are used to grow plants, especially in the winter. Greenhouses work bytrapping heat from the sun. The glass panels of the greenhouse let in light but keep heat from escaping. This causes the greenhouse to heat up, much like the inside of acar parked in sunlight, and keeps the plants warm enough tolive in the winter.The Earth’s atmosphere is all around us. It is the air that we breathe. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass panes in a greenhouse. Sunlight entersthe Earth's atmosphere, passing through the blanket of greenhouse gases. As it reaches the Earth's surface, land, water, and biosphere absorb the sunlight’s energy. Once absorbed, this energy is sent back into the atmosphere. Someof the energy passes back into space, but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases, causingour world to heat up.The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a littleextra warming may cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.9、“气候变化”用英语怎么说:气候变化(climate change);。

全球变暖趋势持续英语

全球变暖趋势持续英语

全球变暖趋势持续英语The global warming trend is really getting out of hand. It's like the world's heating up faster than a hot oven! Summers are hotter than ever, and winters seem to be disappearing altogether. It's scary how much it's affecting our planet.You know, I was just reading about the melting ice caps. It's crazy to think that parts of the Arctic and Antarctic are losing ice faster than we can imagine. It's not justthe polar bears and penguins that are suffering; it's our entire ecosystem.I've also noticed the changes in the weather patterns. One day it's sunny and the next, it's pouring rain. It'slike the weather can't make up its mind anymore. And these extreme weather events are becoming more common and more intense.I'm worried about the future of our planet. With therising sea levels, many coastal cities are facing the threat of flooding. It's a real problem that we need to address immediately.It's high time we started taking action. We need to reduce our carbon emissions, conserve energy, and plant more trees. Every little bit helps, and if we all do our part, we can make a difference. Let's not wait until it's too late.。

关于气候类型的作文英语

关于气候类型的作文英语

关于气候类型的作文英语英文:Climate types are generally classified based on temperature, humidity, and the annual variation in these elements. There are several different climate types, including tropical, dry, temperate, continental, and polar.Tropical climates are characterized by hightemperatures and high humidity throughout the year. These climates are typically found near the equator andexperience little variation in temperature. For example, I once visited Thailand, and the tropical climate there washot and humid all year round. It felt like summer every day!Dry climates, on the other hand, are characterized by low precipitation and can be found in both hot and cold regions. For instance, the desert regions in the southwestern United States have a dry climate with verylittle rainfall. When I visited Arizona, I was amazed bythe dry and arid landscape, with very little greenery in sight.Temperate climates are found in the middle latitudes and have distinct seasons, with warm summers and cool winters. I live in a temperate climate, and I love experiencing the changing seasons throughout the year. The colorful leaves in the fall and the snow in the winter make for a beautiful and diverse landscape.Continental climates are similar to temperate climates but have a greater temperature variation between summer and winter. I once traveled to Russia and experienced the continental climate there. The summers were hot and the winters were freezing cold, with lots of snow and ice.Finally, polar climates are characterized by extremely cold temperatures and very little precipitation. I have never been to the polar regions, but I have seen documentaries about the harsh conditions in places like Antarctica and the Arctic. The freezing temperatures andicy landscapes make it a very challenging environment tolive in.中文:气候类型通常根据温度、湿度和这些元素的年度变化来分类。

全球气候恶化的英文作文

全球气候恶化的英文作文

全球气候恶化的英文作文"英文,"Climate change is undeniably one of the most pressing issues facing our planet today. The evidence of its impact is all around us, from rising global temperatures to extreme weather events. The consequences of climate change are far-reaching, affecting everything from ecosystems to economies, and ultimately, our way of life.One of the most visible effects of climate change is the melting of polar ice caps. This not only contributes to rising sea levels but also disrupts ecosystems, endangering species such as polar bears and seals. Moreover, the increased frequency and intensity of natural disasters like hurricanes and wildfires can be directly attributed to climate change. These events not only cause loss of life and property but also strain resources and infrastructure, exacerbating social inequalities.In addition to natural disasters, climate change also impacts agriculture and food security. Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can disrupt crop cycles and lead to reduced yields, affecting farmers' livelihoods and food availability worldwide. For example, prolonged droughts in certain regions can lead to famine, as seen in parts of Africa and Asia.Furthermore, climate change exacerbates existing social and economic disparities. Vulnerable communities, such as low-income neighborhoods and indigenous populations, often bear the brunt of environmental degradation and its consequences. They may lack access to resources and infrastructure to adapt to changing conditions, further widening the gap between the rich and the poor.It's essential to recognize that addressing climate change requires collective action on a global scale. Governments, businesses, and individuals all have a role to play in mitigating its effects and transitioning to more sustainable practices. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, investing in renewable energy sources, andadopting environmentally friendly technologies.In conclusion, climate change is a complex issue withfar-reaching consequences for our planet and its inhabitants. However, by taking decisive action now, we can mitigate its effects and build a more sustainable futurefor generations to come.---。

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Greenland Ice Mass Loss 2002-2009 Derived From NASA GRACE Gravity Mission
Greenland
Change in Ice Mass Loss Gigatons
Velicogna, Geophysical Research Letters, 2009
•Contributes to sea level rise
J. Wahr, U. Colorado
B. Holt - JPL
2009 NOAA Arctic Report Card
B. Holt - JPL
Backup
B. Holt - JPL
Evidence and Impact of Arctic Warming
Barrow, Alaska +30°F
South Pole -80°F !!
Sea Ice (colored) and Land Ice (white)
/
B. Holt - JPL
Arctic Sea Ice – Reduced Extent
September 19, 2010
Satellite Record
11.5 % Reduction Per Decade since 1979
B. Holt - JPL
Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Submarine and Satellite Record 1958-2007
•Sea ice thickness shows decadal thinning – over 40 %
•Sea ice – thinning (>40%) and shrinking (11.5% / decade) •Permafrost melting – also releases methane •Land ice melting – sea level change •Loss of sea ice – impacts habitat of polar bears, walruses
Ice / Snow Absorbs 15%
•Increased warming => less ice => more open water => warmer water =>more ice melt and so on
B. Holt - JPL
Arctic and Antarctic Ice as key indicator of climate change
Reference: Kwok & Rothrock, Geophysical Research Letters, 2009
B. Holt - JPL
Land Ice Glaciers, Greenland, Antarctica
~Water stored above sea level
B. Holt - JPL
Climate Change in Earth’s Polar Regions
Ben Holt Oceans-Ice Group Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Arctic Ocean, 1982
B. olt - JPL
Global Temperature Change Enhanced at Poles
B. Holt - JPL
•Ecosystem shifts – from Arctic to subarctic communities
•Increase human activities – shipping and oil production
B. Holt - JPL
Sources, References
/cryosphere/ http:/research/news /reportcard/
Average 2001-2007 Surface Temperature Change, Relative to the 1951-1980 Average (◦C)
B. Holt - JPL
Sunlight Reflectivity on Ice and Ocean
Sunlight 100 % Reflected 85% Sunlight 100 % Reflected 7%
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