美国经济大萧条原因及与中国当今经济状况相似点(英文)
经济大萧条名词解释
经济大萧条名词解释经济大萧条，又称为大萧条时期，是20世纪20年代末至30年代初期全球经济史上的一个关键时刻。
它是一段经济衰退期，席卷了许多国家，尤其是美国。
在这篇文章中，我们将解释经济大萧条中涉及的一些重要名词和概念，以帮助读者更好地理解这一历史事件。
**1. 股市崩盘（Stock Market Crash）**经济大萧条的起点可以追溯到1929年10月29日，这一天被称为“黑色星期四”。
股市崩盘指的是纽约证券交易所发生的股票价格暴跌，导致许多股票投资者遭受重大损失。
这一事件导致了投资者的信心崩溃，成为大萧条爆发的导火索。
**2. 失业率（Unemployment Rate）**失业率是指一个国家或地区中正在寻找工作但找不到工作的人口所占的百分比。
在经济大萧条期间，失业率急剧上升，许多人失去了工作，无法谋生。
这导致了社会动荡和贫困的扩大。
**3. 市场崩溃（Market Collapse）**市场崩溃是指不仅股市崩盘，还包括房地产市场、商品市场和其他市场的急剧下跌。
这一现象导致了大量财富的流失，许多人陷入贫困。
市场崩溃也对银行和金融体系造成了巨大的冲击。
**4. 银行倒闭（Bank Failures）**大萧条期间，许多银行因贷款违约、资金流失和投资损失而倒闭。
这导致了人们失去了储蓄和信任银行系统的信心。
政府不得不采取紧急措施来拯救一些濒临破产的银行，以防止金融体系的崩溃。
**5. 布雷顿森林体系（Bretton Woods System）**经济大萧条后，国际社会采取了一系列措施来防止未来发生类似的危机。
布雷顿森林体系是其中之一，于1944年在新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林会议上制定。
该体系建立了一种固定汇率制度，以稳定国际货币体系，并鼓励国际贸易的发展。
**6. 社会保障（Social Security）**经济大萧条导致了广泛的贫困和社会不安。
为了减轻这一问题，美国政府于1935年通过了社会保障法案，建立了社会保障体系，为老年人、失业者和贫困家庭提供了一定程度的经济安全。
经济萧条的英语作文
经济萧条的英语作文English:Economic downturns, or recessions, are significant downturns in economic activity that can have widespread effects on employment, production, and investment. They are typically characterized by a decline in GDP over two consecutive quarters, indicating a contraction in economic output. During such periods, businesses may struggle with reduced consumer demand, leading to layoffs and reduced investment. Unemployment rates tend to rise as companies cut costs, exacerbating financial strain on households and dampening consumer confidence. Governments often respond with fiscal and monetary policies aimed at stimulating economic activity, such as reducing interest rates, increasing government spending, or implementing tax cuts. However, the effectiveness of these measures can vary depending on the severity and nature of the recession. Additionally, international factors like trade tensions or global economic slowdowns can further complicate recovery efforts. Overcoming economic downturns requires coordinated efforts from governments, businesses, and individuals to restore confidence, encourage investment, and promote sustainable growth.中文翻译:经济衰退，或者叫经济萧条，是经济活动显著下降的重要阶段，它可能对就业、生产和投资产生广泛影响。
大萧条与美国金融危机的比较
大萧条与美国金融危机的比较徐肖冰【摘要】1929年的大萧条和2008年的金融危机是近百年来对美国乃至整个世界经济发展影响最为严重的两次危机.本文通过对两次金融危机的梳理,比较分析了二者在危机爆发过程、对经济的影响、所处的货币环境及相应的金融监管等方面的相似性和差异性,并提出制度性缺陷是两次危机爆发的主要根源这一观点.【期刊名称】《吉林金融研究》【年(卷),期】2011(000)004【总页数】5页(P8-11,36)【关键词】大萧条;金融危机;货币制度【作者】徐肖冰【作者单位】沈阳理工大学,辽宁沈阳110168【正文语种】中文【中图分类】F831.5大萧条是美国历史上乃至全球经济史上最严重的一次经济危机，不仅如此，它对经济思想以及之后的美国乃至世界经济的发展都产生了深远的影响。
面对今天的金融危机，人们总是不禁要将它与大萧条相对比，因为它们都给世界经济的发展蒙上了阴影，同时，两者都带来了股市崩溃、高失业、银行倒闭、通货紧缩等方面的危害。
那么对它们之间的比较分析，也将有助于提高我国应对金融危机的能力和把握世界经济未来的发展趋势。
一、大萧条与美国金融危机的经济状况对比虽然人们一般将1929年10月的纽约股市大崩盘作为大萧条的开始，但事实上美国经济在那之前就已经开始下滑。
1928年，美联储出于对当时股市上投机行为的担心而在7月通过提高贴现率、减持政府债券等手段实施了紧缩性的货币政策。
美联储的紧缩性货币政策很快就影响到了实体经济，随着10月24日股市崩溃之后，美国的经济产出水平开始迅速下滑：经季节调整的工业产出在1929年8月至10月仅下降了1.8%，但从10月至12月却大幅下降了9.8%，之后的一年间则又下降了23.9%。
此后，1930年10月、1931年3月以及1933年1月的三次银行业危机导致大批银行破产或被兼并清算，这不仅使货币供应量大幅下降，还导致了原有信贷关系的破裂，从而提高了银行作为信贷中介的成本。
美国百年来的经济衰退与复苏
美国百年来的经济衰退与复苏一、介绍美国百年来的经济衰退与复苏美国经济的衰退和复苏是世界经济发展史上的一大章节。
从20世纪初到现在，美国经历了多次经济危机，但也不断重振，走向复苏。
这些危机和复苏，对于世界经济的发展和繁荣，产生了深远的影响和启示，在当前的全球化背景下，更具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。
二、美国的经济危机1、1929年的经济危机1929年的经济危机也被称为大萧条，其特点是失业率高、民生破碎、生产下降、信贷紧缩、股市崩盘等多方面的表现。
这一危机导致了全球性的经济危机，而原因则是股市投资泡沫的破裂、追求高利润的商人们胆大妄为、以及政府之前践行保护主义政策等。
2、1970年代的经济危机1970年代是美国历史上经济衰退的十分复杂的时期。
其特点是物价高涨、就业率下降、通货膨胀严重、国有化和大规模破产等。
这其中，导致这一系列经济问题的原因则是眼高手低的宏观调节政策导致了通货膨胀。
3、2008年的经济危机2008年的金融危机是美国最近一次经济危机，其特点是全球信贷紧缩、股市暴跌、房地产市场泡沫破裂、银行破产等。
导致这一次经济危机的原因则是2000年至2007年美国低利率政策、美国债券抵押贷款、美国房地产市场泡沫等。
三、美国的经济复苏1、20世纪30年代的经济复苏20世纪30年代的经济复苏的重点是紧缩和财政政策的扶贫，采取紧缩政策以减轻通货膨胀的压力。
同时，还增加了公共工程和人民的工资，扩大了国家消费的规模，推动了经济的发展。
2、20世纪80年代的经济复苏20世纪80年代的经济复苏的重点是减税和放松监管政策，使商业活动得到扩大，为投资和增加就业提供了刺激。
同时，利用信息技术推动生产力的提高，促进了经济的进一步发展。
3、21世纪的经济复苏21世纪的经济复苏的重点是扶持产业和中小企业，并推动科技创新和Open Innovation，加快美国股市和金融行业的发展，推动美国企业的国际化和全球化。
此外，还采取了货币和财政政策调节，提高了公共支出，增加了就业机会，扩大了国内消费市场等。
美国经济大萧条英文
美国经济大萧条英文The Great Depression: A Dark Period in American Economic HistoryIntroduction:The Great Depression was one of the most devastating economic crises in American history. It occurred during the 1930s and had a profound impact on the lives of millions of Americans. This article will explore the causes, consequences, and the government's response to the Great Depression.Causes of the Great Depression:1. Stock Market Crash: The stock market crash of 1929 is often cited as the trigger for the Great Depression. On October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday, stock prices plummeted, leading to a collapse in confidence among investors. This event marked the beginning of the economic downturn.2. Overproduction and Underconsumption: The 1920s saw an era of excess, with rapid industrialization and mass production of goods. However, many ordinary Americans did not have the purchasing power to keep up with the pace, resulting in a surplus of goods and a decline in demand.3. Credit Expansion and Speculation: During the 1920s, there was a rapid expansion of credit, enabling people to borrow more money. This encouraged speculation, particularly in the stock market and real estate. When the market crashed, many people were left with substantial debts and no means to repay them.Consequences of the Great Depression:1. Massive Unemployment: As businesses went bankrupt and factories shut down, millions of Americans lost their jobs. Unemployment rates skyrocketed, reaching nearly 25% at the height of the depression. Many families faced severe poverty and struggled to provide for their basic needs.2. Bank Failures: The economic downturn took a toll on the banking sector as well. Lack of confidence led to a wave of bank runs, where panicked customers withdrew their deposits. Consequently, many banks failed, wiping out the savings of countless individuals and exacerbating the economic crisis.3. Dust Bowl: The Great Depression coincided with a severe drought in the Midwest known as the Dust Bowl. Widespread soil erosion and dust storms destroyed crops and caused mass migration from rural farming areas to cities, adding to the already high levels of unemployment and poverty.Government Response:1. New Deal: In response to the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal, a series of economic stimulus programs. It aimed to create jobs, provide relief to the poor, and reform the financial system. Programs such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and Social Security Administration (SSA) were established under the New Deal.2. Bank and Financial Reforms: The government implemented measures to stabilize the financial sector and restore public confidence. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insured bank deposits and prevented future bank runs.3. Regulation and Expansion of Government Power: The Great Depression prompted a significant expansion of government intervention in the economy. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established to regulate the stock market, and the Federal Reserve was given greater authority to manage monetary policy to prevent future economic crises.Conclusion:The Great Depression was a period of immense hardship and suffering for the American people. It resulted from a combination of factors, including the stock market crash, overproduction, and excessive credit expansion. The consequences of the Great Depression were far-reaching, leading to high unemployment rates, bank failures, and mass poverty. However, it also sparked significant government intervention and the implementation of programs that aimed to alleviate economic distress. The lessons learned from this dark period in American economic history continue to shape economic policies today.。
美国大萧条资料
罗斯福新政拯救美国
扩张财政政策刺激经济 复苏
1 、通过大力推进基础设施建设 , 增加固定
资产投资来缓解有效需求不足、劳动力供 给过剩的局面 2、对失业人群实行临时救济
罗斯福新政拯救美国
扶持工、农业发展
1 、农业调整法实行减产、缩减耕地面积 ,
以此保证农产品价格，农民减产的损失由 国家通过征收加工税给予补贴 2 、颁布一系列法令给农民低利信用贷款 , 照顾他们的实际困难,给农民的生活和农业 的生产提供了极大的帮助 3 、全国工业复兴法为工人创造就业 , 提高 购买力,取缔企业间的不良竞争。以工代赈 方针使闲散的工人得以就业而无需增加政 府负担,并使大规模的建设计划得以实施。
的虚假繁荣。这种繁荣不是社会实际消费能力的增长，而是一种提前消费 的形式，随之而来的必然是消费的疲软。而资本家为眼前利润驱使，盲目 扩大生产，使得生产和市场的矛盾日益尖锐。
纽约股市崩盘
无限制的股票投机活动 当时美国的股票投机活动非常猖獗，不但职业投机者，一些普通的美国人
也参与股票的投机，把它作为致富的捷径。人们不但把自己的积蓄全部投 入，甚至向银行贷款购买股票，结果造成这一时期股票价格被大幅度哄抬， 发展到令人难以相信的极端，股票以其帐面价值的 3倍到20 倍的价格卖出， 这就大大增加了金融市场的不稳定性，为货币和信贷系统的崩溃埋下了隐 患。
纽约股市崩盘
政府的错误管制 1、美联储从1929年实行过于严厉的紧缩银根政策来抑制过度投机。
2 、危机发生时，美联储没有扩大货币供应量来增加市场资金的流动性，
结果使大量银行倒闭，资金链断裂，货币量急剧萎缩。
3 、美联储降低名义利率，但考虑到严重的通货紧缩因素，实际利率在不
断上升，起到紧缩货币的作用。
美国经济大萧条英文版
The Great Depression
Brief introduction Effects Causes Measures
Brief introduction
The Great Depression(1929-1933)，originated in U.S. history, the severe（严重的） economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S. stock-market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). From there, it quickly spread to almost every country in the world.
--摘自威廉.曼彻斯 特·《光荣与梦想》
1932年6月，美国东北各名牌大学的应届毕业生步21974名老学长的后尘，也在
拼命找工作了。那时连在纽约百货公司开电梯也要有学士学位，而且对他们当中好
些人说来，这已是最好的差使了
--摘自威廉.曼彻斯特·《光荣与梦想》
Causes:
It had been the immense disparity between the country’s productive power and the American people’s ability to consume.
It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century.
Effects:
Unemployment and homelessness increased Bank Closings -- the collapse of the nation’s
20世纪30年代美国经济大萧条的成因及现代启示
《20世纪30年代美国经济大萧条的成因及现代启示》（优秀毕业论文）【字号大中小】【打印】【返回】【上一篇】【下一篇】发布时间: 2009-9-2720世纪30年代美国经济大萧条的成因及现代启示张乐[摘要] 2007年夏天爆发的美国次贷危机发展到今天, 已经演变成为百年一遇的国际金融危机，让人不禁将此次金融危机与20世纪30年代的那场美国经济大萧条相提并论。
本文拟通过对20世纪30年代美国经济大萧条的成因进行较为全面的分析，从而揭示其对现代国家预防和解决经济危机的启示。
[关键词] 大萧条; 成因; 启示2007年夏天，美国爆发次贷危机，很快波及全球，发展至今天，已经演变成为百年一遇的国际金融危机，其波及范围之广、扩展速度之快、持续时间之长、损失之惨重，让人不禁将此次金融危机与20世纪30年代的那场美国经济大萧条相提并论。
有人更直接将这次国际金融危机喻为“21世纪的大萧条”。
本文拟通过对20世纪30年代大萧条的成因进行较为全面的分析，从而揭示其对现代国家预防和解决经济危机，特别是对克服当前国际金融危机的启示。
一、20世纪30年代美国经济大萧条的成因20世纪20年代末30年代初,世界头号经济强国美国爆发了空前严重的经济大危机。
危机期间，大量银行倒闭、工厂破产,数千万人失业,成千上万家庭无家可归,全国上下处于一派萧条和动荡之中。
从1929年5月到1932年7月,美国工业生产下降了55.6% , 国民生产总值从1044亿美元降到410亿美元,进口贸易由45亿美元降到13亿美元,出口贸易从53亿美元降为17亿美元。
到了1933年3月,胡佛当政的最后一周,美国全国18600家银行大多数已没有支付能力,相继关门；黄金外流接近2.5亿美元,黄金储备已低于支付通货所需的最低数量；财政部已发不出联邦政府工作人员的工资,从法律上讲,美国已经破产。
[1]发生在30年代的世界经济大萧条, 对世界经济的打击之大,可以称得上是灾难性的。
美国经济大萧条英文介绍
美国经济⼤萧条英⽂介绍Economic crisisIn October 24, 1929, American black Thursday, crazy stock trend suddenly appeared in the New York stock exchange, trading a total of nearly 13000000 shares of stock, beyond more than 10 times of the normal daily trading volume. In financial speculation and bubble economy, the soared stock price now moved so that it can not keep up with the speed of price quotes. With many people in bankruptcy with a mountain of debt, even 8 people killing themselves on the day because of Dutch act of debt, the financial panic started. However, this was the largest , the longest, and the worst start of economic crisis in the history of capitalism. In the following four years, the capitalist world sank into the global crisis economically, socially and politically , has been a huge impact, precarious.On the Black Thursday, at 12 o’clock noon, a number of Wall Street financial giants in the Morgan Foundation Office held an emergency meeting, deciding to raise money to save the market. Two days later, the situation temporarily stabilized. But on 28th, Monday, with the wind coming again, 9,250,000 stocks sprung out such as the flood and the financial giants finally were unable to resist with wealth exhaustion, and they issued a statement at night: give up the rescue and panic is unstoppable to come. The next day, Tuesday, at 10 o’clock in the morning, with the stock market opening and the Gong ringing, large amounts of stock was thrown out, even at any price, but not many people wanted to buy with the chaotic scene. At the beginning of stock opening, 3000000 shares were thrown out, reaching more than 8000000 shares two hours later, and more than 12,000,000 stocks closed at one thirty. when shares reached16,410,000 , the stock market finally collapsed and the stock marketfell by12.82%. Hundreds of billions of dollars instantly became nothing and economic crisis has opened a prelude. Later on, the stock continually plunged with stock index 100 points in 1926, 145 points in November 1929 , 102 points in December 1930, and falling to 54 points in December 1931. Until 1933, the situation was extremely serious, even falling to 34 points in June, finally the index had lost 5/6. Nearly one hundred billion U.S. assets burst miraculously disappeared such as soap bubbles. From September in 1929 to January 1933, thirty kinds of stocks fell by 82.8%, from the average of $364.9 to $62.7. In the meanwhile, 20 kinds of railway stock from an average of $180 per share to $28.1, decreasing by 84.4%.The crisis heavily hit the United States firstly, thousands of factories and banks collapsed. There were 26400 companies and 934 banks broken In 1930. In 1931, 28300 companies and 1440 banks failed; In 1932, 31300 companies and 1453 banks failed; In 1933, 20300 companies and 1783 banks also failed. People rushed into banks in a panic to draw a large number of deposits, which caused a great loss of gold reserves as well as capital output sharply decreased nearly being stopped..In early 1933, all banks in the United States were out of business basically . Finance was just the nerve center of modern economy,and its paralysis inevitably led to the entire national economic havoc and the economy in the United States almost collapses, which resulted in continuous decline in America's GDP. In 1929, GDP was $103.1 billion, $55.6 billion in 1933. During the past three years GDP has decreased by half. Ten years later, it went back to $99.6 billion in 1940.What is more , industrial production of USA in July 1932, has fallen to the bottom, contrast in May 1925, plummeted 55.6%, steel fell by nearly 80%, fell by 87% in the machine tool manufacturing, auto industry has declined by 95%.With the economic crisis leading to a large number of unemployed people, people's life became seriously poor and the unemployed in the United States had more than 400 in 1930 to 8 million people in 1931, breaking through the ten million mark in 1932. In 1933, the most serious unemployment went up to 17million, which means nearly a third of the workers in the United States. From October 1930 to March 1931, there were 223000 people out of work among 690,000 workers and 5,000 households losing their homes within only 6 days just were unable to pay the mortgage. The unemployed fully in urban and rural, cold, hunger, and homeless, have been admitted to the Hoover cottage made of wood, sheet metal or paper boxes and so on. The humble dwelling were called Hoover cottage, because when Hoover once was run for President of the United States, he had promised the workers that they could have the chicken to eat and cars to drive.Once in America, about 34,000,000 people had no income, accounting for 28% of the total population, and even a large number of schools went bust. In 1932, only New York, at one time, had more than 30 students out of school and millions of people relied on charity with fear and despair throughout the crisis. This is so called the history of the great tragedy of America.In the early twentieth century, there were a variety of latent crisis factors in America economic prosperity such as large gap between the rich and the poor, wealth is concentrated in a few rich people, so that the majority of people in lower class lacked purchasing power because of poverty. In 1929, the rich in USA, accounting for 5% of the population of the country, had a personal collection of 1/3. At thesame time, the poor households with the annual income of less than $2000 were up to 60% of the whole families. In addition, the number of the pre-crisis unemployment reached about 2,000,000. Another important factor is the rampant speculation, such as speculation frenzy of the stock and real estate , forming the bubble economy. The New York Stock Exchange listed shares increased to from 443,000,000 shares in January 1925 to more than 1,000,000,000 shares of stock in October 1929 , with the face value higher with 3 to 20 times, some even up to 50 times. The the doubled prices and a serious departure from the actual value, the stock eventually fell off a serious cliff on the Black Thursday in 1929.。
两次经济大危机原因的比较研究 (英文版)
2014--2015学年第一学期«英语国家概况»科目考查论文A Comparison of the Causes of The Great Depressionin 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008 1929年大萧条与2008年经济大危机成因对比研究学院专业班级学生学号AbstractThe Great Depression in 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008 are twolarge-scale events in American economic history for nearly one century. Though the two economic crises vary in background, ways of eruption and origins, they definitely share in common. For example, both of their eruptions are caused by economic imbalance, overproduction, and the driving force behind these is the capital seeks for profit.The study will focus on the comparison of the Great Depression and financial crisis. The writer will do a brief discussion and research on their courses, then to reveal their significance to prevent and settle today’s economic crisis, which contributes to help us to improve the cognition to economic crisis’ development.The thesis is composed of following five parts:In the first part the writer briefly describes the background of the crises and their impacts on world economy and then leads to the causes of the two crises.In the second part the writer explains the common causes of American two economic crises. In the third part and the fourth part the writer interprets the causes of two American economic crises in 1929-1933 and in 2008 respectively.In the conclusion the writer concludes that through the research of the causes of the two economic crises, the countries in the modern world may learn how to improve its capacity to prevent and resolve the potential economic crisis.Key words: economic crisis, financial crisis, United States, comparison, causes摘要美国2008年发生的经济危机与20世纪30年代的经济危机是近一个世纪以来美国经济发展史上出现的两次大规模的危机。
两次美国大萧条经济危机的异同点总结
1930年与2021年美国金融危机的异同美国危机（subprime crisis）又称次级房贷危机，也译为危机。
它是指一场发生在美国，因机构破产、投资基金被迫关闭、猛烈震荡引发的金融风暴。
从危机苗头发生、问题累计到危机确认，特别是到贝尔斯登、美林证券、花旗银行和汇丰银行等国际金融机构对外宣布数以百亿美元的次贷危机损失，花了半年多的时间。
从上世纪90年代至今，1930年和2021年发生了两次比较典型的金融危机，下面将从几个不同的方面分析两次金融危机的异同。
一．从两次金融危机的形成背景分析1930年美国大萧条经济危机的形成原因至今仍众口纷纭，但可能的原因可以归为：资本家无控制的盲目生产，产品相对多余；过度的贫富分化，内需不足；分期付款的消费方式带来过度消费，致使市场虚假繁荣；疯狂的股票投机，金融市场不稳定；和本源于资本主义制度的大体矛盾。
基于以上所述原因，咱们又可以总结出1930年美国大萧条经济危机的根本原因和直接原因如下：①根本原因：1929～1933年世界性经济大危机的产生不是偶然的，它的根本原因在于资本主义生产的社会性和生产功效的私人占有性的矛盾的恶性发展。
这就是咱们常说的社会化大生产和生产资料私人占有之间的矛盾，也就是资本主义制度的大体矛盾。
资本主义社会在经历了两次工业革命以后，生产力飞速发展，社会分工愈来愈细。
这就要求各个生产部门必需密切协作、步伐一致，进而形成社会化大生产。
但在资本主义社会，由于生产资料归私人所有，少数垄断资本家占有大部份生产资料，他们为了无穷制地追求利润，尤其是在经济繁荣时期，不断地扩大再生产。
这就必将打破平衡，引发恶性竞争，激化社会生产各个部门之间的矛盾，从而致使新的经济危机暴发。
②直接原因：经济危机发生的直接原因是市场供需出现矛盾。
人们所能熟悉到的只是它所表现出来的生产和销售两个环节之间的矛盾。
表面上来看，生产出的产品太多，市场需求有限，产品多余，出现滞销。
但产品是真的多余吗？固然不是。
经济萧条的英语作文
The Impact of Economic Depression onSocietyEconomic depression, a period characterized by widespread unemployment, sluggish business activity, and a general decline in economic welfare, has profound effects on society. This paper aims to explore the various impacts of economic depression, highlighting its far-reaching consequences for individuals, businesses, and governments alike.**Individual Impact**The individual impact of economic depression is often the most immediate and felt on a personal level. With job losses and reduced income, individuals face significant financial challenges. Many families struggle to make ends meet, leading to increased stress and anxiety. This, in turn, can have a negative impact on mental health, leading to increased cases of depression and anxiety disorders.Moreover, economic depression often leads to a decrease in consumer spending, as individuals prioritize essential expenses over discretionary purchases. This reduction indemand can further exacerbate the economic downturn, leading to a vicious cycle of declining economic activity. **Business Impact**Businesses are also severely affected by economic depression. With reduced consumer demand and tighter credit markets, companies struggle to maintain operations and profitability. Many businesses are forced to cut costs by downsizing or closing down completely, leading to further job losses and economic contraction.Additionally, economic depression can lead to a decrease in investment, as investors become more cautious and reluctant to commit funds in uncertain economic times. This reduction in capital investment can stunt economic growth and hinder innovation.**Government Impact**Governments also bear the brunt of economic depression. With tax revenues declining and social spending needs increasing, governments face fiscal challenges. To address these issues, governments may need to increase taxes,reduce spending, or borrow funds to finance essential services.However, these measures can have their own set of problems. Tax hikes can further burden individuals and businesses, while spending cuts may lead to a decrease in public services and infrastructure investment. Borrowing,on the other hand, can lead to increased government debtand higher interest payments in the future.**Conclusion**Economic depression has far-reaching consequences for individuals, businesses, and governments alike. It not only leads to job losses and financial challenges but also has a negative impact on mental health, consumer spending, business profitability, and government fiscal health. To mitigate the effects of economic depression, it is crucial for governments, businesses, and individuals to work together to stimulate economic growth and promote stability. This can be achieved through measures such as fiscal stimulus packages, tax relief, and investment in infrastructure and human capital. By doing so, we can hopeto build a more resilient and prosperous society that can weather the storms of economic depression.**经济萧条对社会的影响**经济萧条，这一时期的特点是失业率广泛、商业活动迟缓以及经济福利普遍下降，对社会产生深远影响。
经济大萧条 英文资料 论文
Great Depression, in U.S. history, the severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S. stock-market crash of 1929. Although it shared the basic characteristics of other such crises (see depression), the Great Depression was unprecedented in its length and in the wholesale poverty and tragedy it inflicted on society. Economists have disagreed over its causes, but certain causative factors are generally accepted. The prosperity of the 1920s was unevenly distributed among the various parts of the American economy—farmers and unskilled workers were notably excluded—with the result that the nation's productive capacity was greater than its capacity to consume. In addition, the tariff and war-debt policies of the Republican administrations of the 1920s had cut down the foreign market for American goods. Finally, easy-money policies led to an inordinate expansion of credit and installment buying and fantastic speculation in the stock mark et. The American depression produced severe effects abroad, especially in Europe, where many countries had not fully recovered from the aftermath of World War I; in Germany, the economic disaster and resulting social dislocation contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler. In the United States, at the depth (1932–33) of the depression, there were 16 million unemployed—about one third of the available labor force. The gross national product declined from the 1929 figure of $103,828,000,000 to $55,760,000,000 in 1933. The economic, agricultural, and relief policies of the New Deal administration under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt did a great deal to mitigate the effects of the depression and, most importantly, to restore a sense of confidence to the American people. Yet it is generally agreed that complete business recovery was not achieved and unemployment ended until the government began to spend heavily for defense in the early 1940s.大萧条时期，美国的历史，据说严重的经济危机促成了美国股市1929年崩溃。
29年经济大萧条的真正原因
29年经济大萧条（Great Depression）是美国历史上最严重的经济危机之一，也是世界范围内的经济衰退事件。
引发这场危机的原因复杂，涉及多个方面的因素。
下面将对一些主要的原因进行阐述。
第一个原因是股市过度繁荣。
20世纪20年代初，美国经济经历了一段高速增长，股市也随之繁荣。
人们认为股市是一个无限增长的地方，不断地涌入投资。
人们购买股票的热情迅速蔓延，使得股票价格迅速上升，许多人开始大规模借贷买股票，投机炒作盛行。
然而，这种炒作很大程度上是基于投机和借贷资金，而非真实的产业增长。
最终，股市在1929年10月24日（“黑色星期四”）和10月29日（“黑色星期五”）发生崩盘，导致投资者巨额损失。
第二个原因是信贷过度扩张。
20世纪20年代，银行业务蓬勃发展，银行间的贷款活动也迅速扩展。
很多银行为了支持投资者的股票交易，放宽了贷款的标准。
然而，这种信贷扩张并未与实际经济增长相匹配。
对贷款人的监管不足导致了许多不良贷款的出现，当经济形势恶化时，许多借款人无法偿还借款，银行面临巨大的违约风险，一些重要的银行不得不关闭。
第三个原因是农业问题。
20世纪20年代，美国农业生产力的迅速提高导致了农民过度生产大量农产品，尤其是麦类和棉花。
然而，由于全球经济放缓以及国内消费需求疲软，农产品的价格持续下跌。
这使得农民的收入大幅下降，许多农场破产。
农业衰退进一步削弱了经济的复苏和消费需求。
第四个原因是贸易保护主义。
为了保护国内产业，美国通过了一系列贸易保护主义政策，如斯穆特-霍利关税法。
这些政策导致了国际贸易的停滞，世界上其他国家也采取了类似的保护主义措施。
贸易停滞导致了全球产业链的断裂，许多国家的经济也受到了严重冲击。
第五个原因是金融系统的崩溃。
经济危机导致了大量借款人违约和银行破产。
银行系统陷入困境，无法为实体经济提供足够的信贷。
这进一步削弱了企业的生产能力和雇佣机会，导致失业率急剧上升。
失业问题进一步加剧了经济困境，陷入恶性循环。
中美经济对比看法英文作文
中美经济对比看法英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!When it comes to comparing the economies of China and the United States, there are several factors to consider. Firstly, China has a larger population than the United States, which means that it has a larger workforce. This has led to China becoming a major manufacturing hub, as it has an abundance of cheap labor. On the other hand, the United States has a more developed service sector, which has contributed to its overall economic strength.Another important factor to consider is the level of government involvement in the economy. China has a more centralized economic system, with the government playing a significant role in directing investment and controlling the financial sector. In contrast, the United States has a more market-oriented economy, with the private sector playing a larger role in driving economic growth.In terms of trade, China has become a major exporter of goods to the rest of the world, while the United States isa major importer of goods. This has led to a significant trade imbalance between the two countries, with the United States running a large trade deficit with China.When it comes to innovation, the United States has traditionally been a leader in technology and research, with many of the world's top universities and research institutions located in the country. However, China has been rapidly catching up in recent years, investing heavily in research and development and producing a growing number of patents and scientific publications.Overall, the economies of China and the United States are both complex and multifaceted, with each country having its own strengths and weaknesses. While China has become a major player in manufacturing and trade, the United States remains a leader in innovation and the service sector. Ultimately, both countries have a lot to offer and can learn from each other's strengths and weaknesses.。
2008年美国金融危机英文版 2008 financial crisis (in English)
2008年美国金融危机英文版(in English)美国作为世界上第一大经济体，对世界经济的发展具有火车头的作用。
然而2007年美国经济的表现不尽人意，次贷危机的爆发更是雪上加霜。
经济增长速度降低，通货膨胀率升高，失业率增加，这一切显示出美国经济已经离滞胀越来越近了。
美联储前主席格林斯潘称“美国经济尚未陷入滞胀，但已经有早期迹象出现”。
2008 financial crisis (in English)The United States as the world's largest economies, the world's locomotive of economic development. However, in 2007 less than satisfactory performance of the U.S. economy, sub-loan crisis broke out, more difficult. To reduce the rate of economic growth, rising inflation, the rise in unemployment, all show the U.S. economy has been growing from the stagnation of the past. Former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan said "stagflation in the U.S. economy has not yet, but already there are early signs appear."次贷危机是美国经济放缓的导火索，其后续影响不断恶化并逐渐波及到世界经济。
2007年世界经济在连续四年的高速增长之后，出现了调整的迹象。
同时，美国、欧元区和广大发展中国家的CPI上涨率已超过央行设定的控制目标。
美国经济大萧条原因及与中国当今经济状况相似点(英文)
Causes Of The Great Depression Facts•In the 1920s, sometimes referred to as “The Roaring Twenties,”there was a false sense of prosperity on the part of Americans. Approximately 60% of the population lived at a poverty level (earning less than $2,000 per year), yet credit was available, and people were using it. People were buying cars and radios on installment credit, and the automobile industry was the leading industry in the country.•Speculation in the stock market was one of the causes of the Great Depression, yet only about 1% of the American population were investors at the time of the stock market crash in October 1929.•In the stock market, people were buying stocks on margin (which is the same as borrowing money to pay for stocks), which sent the Dow Jones from 191 points at the beginning of 1928 to 381 points by September 1929 (shortly before Black Tuesday).•In 1929, approximately 200 corporations owned more than 50% of all American industry.•In 1929, approximately 1% of Americans controlled 40% of the wealth of the company. •Banks were failing long before the stock market crashed in 1929. In fact, during the 1920s, 600 banks failed each year, on average.•The Great Depression was caused by fearlessness and fearfulness, overconfidence and loss of confidence. The booms of the 1920s led to borrowing, speculation, and rampant spending. Once things started to go downhill (primarily throughout 1929), they spiraled quickly. The stock market crash of October 1929 caused a run on the banks, which led to a decrease in spending, which led to unemployment, which caused more of a run on banks and more decreases in spending.•From 1929 to 1933, the United States’Gross National Product (GNP) dropped by 33%.•Drought conditions in 1932, 1933, 1934, and 1935 led to Dust Bowl conditions during the Great Depression. A large part of America’s farmlands lost their topsoil due to extreme winds, which rendered millions of acres useless.The similarities between The Great Depression and China’s current economyHere I make some comparative analysis based on some official data about china’s stock market and economy development and The Great Depression,we can find that there are so many similarities right before the crash in 1929 and china nowadays.(1)Both have undergone a long period of rapid economic development.During the goldenage(1921-1929),the U.S. Economic growth rate stayed at a high level which is 4.4% in real terms,the fastest in history.Meanwhile,the rate of price change maintain stable within 5%.In China,the growth rate has been more than 9% for decades,and the price index keeps the rate around 3%.(2)There are imbalance problems,internal and external.In the 1920’s,the recession in Britain led to the inflow of gold to United States,so the government had to print more papers and lower the interest rate of dollar to ease the problem.China is facing the similar problem now,due to the trade surplus and foreign investment as well as some international hot money,a lot of dollars flows into China,so the Central Bank has to put more RMB to market passively,the rapid growth of foreign exchange reserve and the flooding of money caused by compulsive settlement of exchange aggravate the imbalance,at the same time ,the central bank has to reform the RMB exchange rate regime and raise interest rate to cope with these problems.（3）Before 1925,primarily the bubble of land speculation , then the stock market bubble after 1925.The bubble of land speculation burst in 1926 for Florida suffered severe hurricanes.China’s asset bubble problem,mainly in real estate prices and the stock market,China’s current levelof P/E ratio doubles the world average,seen in this indicator,there is a sign of stock bubble and a tendency to enlarge.At last,from my point of view,the government should implement the tight monetary policy to prevent inflation,at the same time,implementing a proactive fiscal policy to prevent economic recession,just to ensure the steady growth of the economy and the healthy development of stock market fundamentally.。
美国大萧条与经济危机的原因与影响
美国大萧条与经济危机的原因与影响经济是一个国家发展的基石，然而历史上曾经出现过一些严重的经济危机，其中最为严重的就是美国大萧条。
美国大萧条是指20世纪30年代全球经济危机期间，美国经济陷入萧条，对世界经济产生了深远的影响。
本文将探讨美国大萧条的原因以及其对经济的影响。
一、市场崩溃和金融危机美国大萧条的根本原因是股票市场的崩溃。
1929年10月，股票市场崩盘，股票价格急剧下跌，投资者纷纷亏损严重。
这一事件引发了金融危机，导致银行破产和信用紧缩。
银行倒闭使得大量资金流失，企业无法获得贷款来维持经营。
金融危机蔓延到整个经济系统，引发了经济的严重衰退。
二、农业危机美国大萧条时期，农业也受到了严重的影响。
20世纪初期，农业生产出现过剩，使农产品价格骤跌。
随着大萧条的到来，人们失去了购买力，农产品需求进一步下降，农民的经济状况变得极度困难。
同时，长时间的旱灾和飓风等自然灾害也使农作物的产量大幅减少，农业危机进一步恶化。
三、失业激增美国大萧条的另一个严重后果是失业率的激增。
许多工厂因为经营困难而停产，导致大量员工失业。
失业率的飙升使得社会问题日益严重，人们生活水平急剧下降，无法满足基本需求。
失业率持续上升对整个经济造成极大冲击，市场需求急剧下降，经济状况雪上加霜。
四、销售下降与投资减少美国大萧条时期，销售量急剧下降。
由于人们失去了购买力，无法购买日常生活物品和奢侈品，企业销售额锐减。
销售下滑导致企业利润下降，再加上金融危机和信用紧缩，企业无法获得足够的资金维持经营，投资减少。
由于缺乏资金投入，企业无法进行科技研发和生产力提升，经济停滞不前。
五、政策调整与新政府干预面对美国大萧条，罗斯福政府采取了一系列的政策调整和新政府干预措施。
其中包括新政府的供给侧经济政策，如重建银行体系和监管金融市场，实行相关的经济改革，并通过各种就业和福利计划提供帮助。
这些政策的出台有助于恢复市场信心，缓解了经济危机。
在经济影响方面，美国大萧条造成了严重的经济崩溃和全球性的经济衰退。
美国20世纪30年代爆发经济大危机的原因、表现和影响
美国20世纪30年代爆发经济大危机的原因、表现和影响美国20世纪30年代爆发经济大危机的原因、表现和影响引言：美国20世纪30年代爆发的经济大危机，也被称为大萧条，是美国历史上最严重、最持久的经济危机之一。
这场危机引发了全球性的金融震荡和经济大衰退，对世界经济产生了深远影响。
本文将探讨这场危机的原因、表现和影响，并对该时期美国政府采取的应对措施进行分析。
一、原因：1. 股市狂热和投机泡沫20世纪20年代初，美国股票市场的投机狂潮使得股票价格飙升，投资者大量涌入股市。
然而，这种泡沫并没有建立在实际经济增长的基础之上，大部分投资都是基于短期赚取巨大利润的投机行为。
2. 农业危机20世纪20年代初，大部分美国农民仍然处于贫困状态。
过度生产导致粮食价格下降，许多农户面临破产和失业。
并且，农业债务的增加也加剧了危机。
3. 政府政策的失败美国政府实施的一系列政策导致了危机的爆发。
例如，高关税政策导致了美国对外贸易严重下滑，加剧了经济衰退。
另外，金融监管不力也为危机埋下了伏笔。
二、表现：1. 股市崩盘1929年10月24日，所谓的“黑色星期四”，标志着股票市场的崩溃。
纽约证券交易所股票指数（道琼斯工业平均指数）急剧下滑，投资者的损失惨重，许多人破产。
2. 失业与贫困随着股市崩盘，美国经济进入了严重的衰退阶段。
大量的企业倒闭，失业率飙升。
估计有数百万人失去了工作，大量家庭陷入了贫困。
3. 银行倒闭和金融恐慌危机爆发后，大量银行陷入困境，无法归还债务。
银行业信心崩溃，人们纷纷涌向银行提取存款。
这导致了银行系统的崩溃和金融恐慌。
三、影响：1. 全球性的经济大衰退美国作为全球最大的国家经济体，其危机对其他国家产生了巨大影响。
全球范围内的经济大衰退导致了贸易和投资的急剧萎缩，世界各国普遍面临失业率飙升、贫困加剧等问题。
2. 社会动荡和政治变革大萧条引发了人们的愤怒和不满，社会动荡不可避免。
工人罢工、示威游行、暴力冲突在美国和其他国家蔓延，政治气候骤变。
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Causes Of The Great Depression Facts
•In the 1920s, sometimes referred to as “The Roaring Twenties,”there was a false sense of prosperity on the part of Americans. Approximately 60% of the population lived at a poverty level (earning less than $2,000 per year), yet credit was available, and people were using it. People were buying cars and radios on installment credit, and the automobile industry was the leading industry in the country.
•Speculation in the stock market was one of the causes of the Great Depression, yet only about 1% of the American population were investors at the time of the stock market crash in October 1929.
•In the stock market, people were buying stocks on margin (which is the same as borrowing money to pay for stocks), which sent the Dow Jones from 191 points at the beginning of 1928 to 381 points by September 1929 (shortly before Black Tuesday).
•In 1929, approximately 200 corporations owned more than 50% of all American industry.
•In 1929, approximately 1% of Americans controlled 40% of the wealth of the company. •Banks were failing long before the stock market crashed in 1929. In fact, during the 1920s, 600 banks failed each year, on average.
•The Great Depression was caused by fearlessness and fearfulness, overconfidence and loss of confidence. The booms of the 1920s led to borrowing, speculation, and rampant spending. Once things started to go downhill (primarily throughout 1929), they spiraled quickly. The stock market crash of October 1929 caused a run on the banks, which led to a decrease in spending, which led to unemployment, which caused more of a run on banks and more decreases in spending.
•From 1929 to 1933, the United States’Gross National Product (GNP) dropped by 33%.
•Drought conditions in 1932, 1933, 1934, and 1935 led to Dust Bowl conditions during the Great Depression. A large part of America’s farmlands lost their topsoil due to extreme winds, which rendered millions of acres useless.
The similarities between The Great Depression and China’s current economy
Here I make some comparative analysis based on some official data about china’s stock market and economy development and The Great Depression,we can find that there are so many similarities right before the crash in 1929 and china nowadays.
(1)Both have undergone a long period of rapid economic development.During the golden
age(1921-1929),the U.S. Economic growth rate stayed at a high level which is 4.4% in real terms,the fastest in history.Meanwhile,the rate of price change maintain stable within 5%.In China,the growth rate has been more than 9% for decades,and the price index keeps the rate around 3%.
(2)There are imbalance problems,internal and external.In the 1920’s,the recession in Britain led to the inflow of gold to United States,so the government had to print more papers and lower the interest rate of dollar to ease the problem.China is facing the similar problem now,due to the trade surplus and foreign investment as well as some international hot money,a lot of dollars flows into China,so the Central Bank has to put more RMB to market passively,the rapid growth of foreign exchange reserve and the flooding of money caused by compulsive settlement of exchange aggravate the imbalance,at the same time ,the central bank has to reform the RMB exchange rate regime and raise interest rate to cope with these problems.
（3）Before 1925,primarily the bubble of land speculation , then the stock market bubble after 1925.The bubble of land speculation burst in 1926 for Florida suffered severe hurricanes.China’s asset bubble problem,mainly in real estate prices and the stock market,China’s current level
of P/E ratio doubles the world average,seen in this indicator,there is a sign of stock bubble and a tendency to enlarge.
At last,from my point of view,the government should implement the tight monetary policy to prevent inflation,at the same time,implementing a proactive fiscal policy to prevent economic recession,just to ensure the steady growth of the economy and the healthy development of stock market fundamentally.。